CN111953420A - Photon-carried electric energy transmission device - Google Patents
Photon-carried electric energy transmission device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111953420A CN111953420A CN202010705404.6A CN202010705404A CN111953420A CN 111953420 A CN111953420 A CN 111953420A CN 202010705404 A CN202010705404 A CN 202010705404A CN 111953420 A CN111953420 A CN 111953420A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/30—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using light, e.g. lasers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/501—Structural aspects
- H04B10/503—Laser transmitters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0201—Add-and-drop multiplexing
- H04J14/0202—Arrangements therefor
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the photoelectric transmission technology, and provides a photon-carried electric energy transmission device which comprises a data energy coupling unit, a data energy decoupling unit and an optical fiber, wherein the data energy coupling unit is connected with the data energy decoupling unit through the optical fiber, the data energy coupling unit couples data and electric energy by light wave signals with different wavelengths and transmits the coupled data and electric energy to the data energy decoupling unit through the optical fiber, the data energy decoupling unit decouples the received light wave signals to obtain data and electric energy, and in the same optical fiber link, light paths with different wave bands are utilized to transmit the data signals and simultaneously transmit energy, so that the complexity of wiring construction and power supply line maintenance is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photoelectric transmission, and particularly relates to a photon-carried electric energy transmission device.
Background
With the development of marine hydrological monitoring and submarine observation network technologies, various energy/data transmission technologies are applied to submarine sensor nodes to expand observation points.
However, most of the current energy/data transmission technologies adopt network cable transmission, but when the power supply needs for low-power consumption devices and high-speed data long-distance transmission needs (for example, the transmission distance exceeds 70m), the communication rate weakens with the increase of the transmission distance, so that the efficiency of the long-distance power supply and the data transmission is not high; and because the energy and the data need to be transmitted separately, the complexity of wiring and maintenance is greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a photon-carried electric energy transmission device, and aims to solve the technical problem that power supply and data transmission efficiency of long-distance transmission in the prior art is low.
The invention provides a photon-carried electric energy transmission device which comprises a data energy coupling unit, a data energy decoupling unit and an optical fiber, wherein the data energy coupling unit is connected with the data energy decoupling unit through the optical fiber, the data energy coupling unit couples data and electric energy through light wave signals with different wavelengths and transmits the data and electric energy to the data energy decoupling unit through the optical fiber, and the data energy decoupling unit decouples the received light wave signals to obtain the data and the electric energy so as to realize the simultaneous transmission of the data and the electric energy.
Optionally, the data energy coupling unit includes an equipment end interface module, a first semiconductor laser, a pump laser, and an optical wavelength division multiplexer, and the data energy decoupling unit includes a sensor end interface module, a second semiconductor laser, a photoelectric conversion module, and an optical wavelength division multiplexer; the equipment end interface module is connected with the optical wavelength division multiplexer through the first semiconductor laser, the pump laser is connected with the optical wavelength division multiplexer, and the optical wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the optical fiber; the sensor end interface module is connected with the light wave decomposition multiplexer through the second semiconductor laser, the photoelectric conversion module is connected with the light wave decomposition multiplexer and the sensor end interface module, and the light wave decomposition multiplexer is connected with the optical fiber.
Optionally, the data energy coupling unit and the data energy decoupling unit both include an optical circulator and a photodiode filter; the equipment end interface module is respectively connected with an optical circulator through the first semiconductor laser and the photodiode filter, and the optical circulator is connected with the optical wavelength division multiplexer; the sensor end interface module is respectively connected with an optical circulator through the second semiconductor laser and the photodiode filter, and the optical circulator is connected with the light wave decomposition multiplexer.
Optionally, the first semiconductor laser and the second semiconductor laser are VCSEL lasers.
Optionally, the device-side interface module includes a first FPGA high-frequency processor and a first MCU microcontroller, and the sensor-side interface module includes a second FPGA high-frequency processor and a second MCU microcontroller; the first MCU microcontroller is connected with the pump laser and the first FPGA high-frequency processor, and the first FPGA high-frequency processor is connected with the first semiconductor laser; the second MCU microcontroller is connected with the second FPGA high-frequency processor, and the second FPGA high-frequency processor is connected with the second semiconductor laser.
Optionally, the first FPGA high-frequency processor includes a first DIV, a first PLL, a first transmitter, and a first receiver, and the second FPGA high-frequency processor includes a second DIV, a second PLL, a second transmitter, and a second receiver; the first PLL is connected with the first DIV, the first DIV is connected with the first transmitter and the first receiver, and the first MCU microcontroller is connected with the first transmitter and the first receiver; the second PLL is connected with the second DIV, the second DIV is connected with the second transmitter and the second receiver, and the second MCU microcontroller is connected with the second transmitter and the second receiver.
Optionally, the data energy decoupling unit further includes a power conversion module, and the photoelectric conversion module is connected to the sensor terminal interface module through the power conversion module.
Optionally, the power conversion module includes a DC/DC converter and an energy storage.
Optionally, the photoelectric conversion module includes a plurality of distributed photovoltaic cells.
Optionally, the data energy decoupling unit further includes a FIFO memory.
The photon-carried electric energy transmission device comprises a data energy coupling unit, a data energy decoupling unit and an optical fiber, wherein the data energy coupling unit is connected with the data energy decoupling unit through the optical fiber, data and electric energy are coupled by the data energy coupling unit through light wave signals with different wavelengths and then transmitted to the data energy decoupling unit through the optical fiber, and the data energy decoupling unit decouples the received light wave signals to obtain the data and the electric energy so as to realize the simultaneous transmission of the data and the electric energy. In equipment and a small-area monitoring and submarine observation communication/energy system, photons are used as a carrier for transmitting energy, optical fibers are used as a medium for transmitting energy, and optical paths with different wave bands are used in the same optical fiber link to transmit data signals and energy, so that the complexity of wiring construction and power supply line maintenance is greatly reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a photon-carried electric energy transmission device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a sensor-end interface module in a photon-carried electric energy transmission device according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an equipment-side interface module in a photon-carried electric energy transmission apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The following detailed description of specific implementations of the present invention is provided in conjunction with specific embodiments:
the first embodiment is as follows:
fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a photon-carried electric energy transmission device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and for convenience of description, only the parts related to the embodiment of the present invention are shown, and detailed descriptions are as follows:
the photon-carried electric energy transmission device comprises a data energy coupling unit, a data energy decoupling unit and an optical fiber, wherein the data energy coupling unit is connected with the data energy decoupling unit through the optical fiber, the data energy coupling unit couples data and electric energy through light wave signals with different wavelengths and transmits the data and the electric energy to the data energy decoupling unit through the optical fiber, and the data energy decoupling unit decouples the received light wave signals to obtain the data and the electric energy, so that the data and the electric energy are transmitted simultaneously.
In low-power consumption equipment and a small-area-range monitoring and submarine observation communication/energy system, photons are used as a carrier for transmitting energy, optical fibers are used as a medium for transmitting energy, and optical paths with different wave bands are used in the same optical fiber link, so that the energy is transmitted while data signals are transmitted, and the complexity of wiring construction and power supply line maintenance is greatly reduced.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the data energy coupling unit includes an equipment-side interface module (such as the equipment-side optical/electrical/network interface module in fig. 1), a first semiconductor laser (such as the VCSEL laser 7), a pump laser (1), and an optical wavelength division multiplexer (6), and the data energy decoupling unit includes a sensor-side interface module (such as the sensor-side optical/electrical/network interface module in fig. 1), a second semiconductor laser (such as the VCSEL laser 7), an optical-to-electrical conversion module (9), and an optical wavelength division multiplexer (17).
The equipment end interface module is connected with the optical wavelength division multiplexer (6) through the first semiconductor laser, the pump laser (1) is connected with the optical wavelength division multiplexer (6), and the optical wavelength division multiplexer (6) is connected with the optical fiber (8); the sensor end interface module is connected with the optical wave decomposition multiplexer (17) through the second semiconductor laser, the photoelectric conversion module (9) is connected with the optical wave decomposition multiplexer (17) and the sensor end interface module, and the optical wave decomposition multiplexer (17) is connected with the optical fiber (8).
Optionally, the data energy coupling unit and the data energy decoupling unit both include an optical circulator and a photodiode filter, the device-side interface module is connected to the optical circulator through the first semiconductor laser and the photodiode filter, respectively, and the optical circulator is connected to the optical wavelength division multiplexer; the sensor end interface module is respectively connected with an optical circulator through the second semiconductor laser and the photodiode filter, and the optical circulator is connected with the light wave decomposition multiplexer, so that uplink and downlink of energy and data are realized.
Based on the principle of light wave multiplexing, in the data energy coupling unit, electric energy is converted into light energy through a pumping laser 1, and uplink and downlink of data transmission are constructed through a photodiode filter 4 and a VCSEL laser 7; and finally, a link is shared by photon energy and data transmission through the optical circulator 5, the optical wavelength division multiplexer 6 and the optical wavelength decomposition multiplexer 17.
The invention realizes the transmission of energy/data through optical fibers, adopts an optical wavelength division multiplexer (a core device is a multi-layer interference film filtering type multiplexer) to synthesize optical signals with different wavelengths into one beam, transmits the optical signals through a single optical fiber, and adopts the optical wavelength division demultiplexer to decompose a multi-wavelength signal sent by the same optical fiber into various wavelengths through the optical wavelength demultiplexer (the core device is an optical fiber coupling type demultiplexer or an optical fiber Bragg grating type demultiplexer) and output the wavelengths respectively. As shown in FIG. 1, the light waves of λ 2 and λ 3 are used for transmitting data of downlink and uplink, respectively, and the light wave of λ 1 is used for transmitting energy, so that data transmission is realized while energy is transmitted. The optical paths of different wave bands are combined by the optical wavelength division multiplexer 6 at the equipment end, the different optical paths are separated by the optical wavelength division demultiplexer at the sensor end, and a complete data transmission link is established based on the principle.
In the data energy coupling unit, the energy is converted into laser energy by a high power light source pump laser (1). The lambda 1 selects a wave band with small transmission loss and high far-end photovoltaic conversion efficiency to improve transmission power. The pump laser (1) is driven using a DFB driver.
The optical wavelength division multiplexer (6) fuses the three paths of optical signals to the transmission optical fiber, and in the device, the three paths of optical signals lambda 1, lambda 2 and lambda 3 can share a core optical fiber in a wavelength division mode, or 3 core optical fibers are adopted to be respectively connected into optical waves of 3 wave bands.
And at the end of the energy data coupling unit, an optical circulator (5) is used for separating the downstream optical wave signal of lambda 2 and the upstream optical wave signal of lambda 3. The optical circulator (5) transmits the light waves from one port to the next port with maximum intensity, the λ 2 downstream light wave signal entering port 1 exits port 3, and the λ 3 upstream light wave signal entering port 3 exits port 1.
At the data energy coupling unit end, the downlink data is converted into a light wave signal with a lambda 2 wave band through a VCSEL (7). The optical signals of lambda 3 are coupled through a photodiode filter 4, and the uplink lightwave signals are converted into uplink electric signal data streams. The bidirectional data and power channels are superposed or separated by an optical wavelength division multiplexer (6) and an optical wavelength decomposition multiplexer (17).
The equipment-side interface module needs to be capable of completing hardware connection and interaction interfaces of the data and energy transmission device, such as control, configuration, data acquisition and the like; the sensor end should be able to connect the energy interface and the data interface of the sensor to the data and energy transmission device. In the design of the interface circuit, an equipment end and a sensor end are both based on a low-power-consumption FPGA high-frequency processor (3) and an MCU (MCU) microcontroller (2).
The MCU (2) is a data processing and transmitting module, and a sensor with small data volume and low acquisition frequency is directly hung outside through an analog circuit ADC module; aiming at an observation instrument with high acquisition frequency and large data volume, an FPGA high-frequency processor (3) with low power consumption is independently designed, one end of the FPGA high-frequency processor (3) is connected with the observation instrument, the other end of the FPGA high-frequency processor is connected with an MCU (MCU 2), and FPGA and MCU design and adjustment are carried out according to the data volume transmission size.
The MCU (2) is an embedded low-power chip of an ARM Cortex M3 framework, provides external interfaces such as RS232/RS485, internet access and the like, and realizes data acquisition and data transmission control under different buses.
The FPGA high-frequency processor (3) is a low-power device for optical path interaction of the POF. According to specific application requirements, a data signal interface and an optical signal interface are provided, the equipment and the sensor are connected to the FPGA high-frequency processor (3), and then the equipment and the sensor are connected with the MCU (2) through I2C, SPI, serial ports and the like.
At the energy data decoupling end, three paths of optical signals of lambda 1, lambda 2 and lambda 3 of the optical fiber carrier are separated into two groups of lambda 1, lambda 2 and lambda 3 through the optical wave decomposition multiplexer 17. The photons in the lambda 1 wave band are subjected to electric energy conversion through a photoelectric conversion module (9). Preferably, the photoelectric conversion module (9) comprises a plurality of distributed photovoltaic cells, so that the light power is distributed on the distributed photovoltaic cells, the conversion efficiency is greatly improved, and the saturation of the cells is avoided.
And at the end of the energy data decoupling unit, an optical circulator (5) is used for separating the downstream light wave signal of lambda 2 and the upstream light wave signal of lambda 3. The λ 3 upstream optical wave signal entering the port 1 exits the port 3, and the λ 2 upstream optical wave signal entering the port 3 exits the port 1. The digital signal uplink transmission adopts a lambda 3 wave band VCSEL 7.
When the optical fiber is used for transmitting energy/data, long-distance transmission mainly comprises power loss caused by attenuation and Raman effect of the optical fiber 8. The power loss of each of the different bands λ 1, λ 2 and λ 3 is different. In addition, the optical wavelength division multiplexer (6), the optical wavelength division multiplexer (17) and the optical circulator (5) are lossy.
This embodiment is designed for energy/data transmission over a length of several kilometers of fiber 8 as required. The power input, the type of fiber, the fiber length, and the fiber carrier can be adjusted for different application requirements and conditions.
Example two:
fig. 2 shows a schematic configuration diagram of a sensor-side interface module in a photon-borne power transmission device according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 3 shows a schematic configuration diagram of an equipment-side interface module in a photon-borne power transmission device according to a second embodiment of the present invention, where for convenience of description, only the relevant parts related to the second embodiment of the present invention are shown, and details are as follows:
the device end interface module and the sensor end interface module both comprise an FPGA high-frequency processor (3) and an MCU (microprogrammed control unit) microcontroller (2).
The MCU microcontroller (2) and the FPGA high-frequency processor (3) communicate through an SPI protocol. The MCU microcontroller (2) is a main component of the sensor end, receives downstream frame data/commands from the equipment end on one hand, reads configuration and activates/deactivates related sensors. On the other hand, the FPGA high-frequency processor (3) is used for transmitting/receiving data. Downstream Manchester data decoding and upstream Manchester data encoding are realized in the FPGA high-frequency processor (3), when a new downstream frame is available, the FPGA high-frequency processor (3) triggers an Interrupt Request (IRQ) to inform the microcontroller, and the MCU microcontroller (2) extracts data and executes related operations.
In fig. 2, the external 16-bit analog-to-digital converter ADC ADS8326(11) and the direct SPI communication link between the SPI to manchester transmitter (12), manchester to SPI transmitter (15) of the FPGA high frequency processor (3). The design aims at the requirements of high-sampling-rate observation instruments, such as hydrophone high-frequency observation, MCU (micro control unit) microcontroller (2) transmission is not selected, and transmission is carried out through an FPGA high-frequency processor (3), so that the purpose of high-speed and high-bit-rate data transmission is achieved. The MCU microcontroller (2) has two interface protocols, namely, the communication with the FPGA high-frequency processor (3) through the SPI and the communication with the MCU microcontroller (2) through the serial RS 232.
In fig. 2, the data link between the FPGA high frequency processor (3) and the two interfaces of the MCU microcontroller (2) and the ADC ADS8326(11) is a full duplex asynchronous link based on the manchester coding scheme. The manchester digital signal is generated by combining the data signal and the transmit clock signal. Multiple successive transitions on the manchester signal synchronize the receive clock with the incoming frame.
The device relates to a plurality of communication protocols with different rates, and the frequency of a decoding/receiving clock is consistent. In application, the frequency of the decoding/receiving clock is twice the transmission frequency. The FPGA high-frequency processor (3) selects a 20MHz external oscillator, and the PLL (13) is used for obtaining a clock of 80 MHz. The 80MHz of the PLL (13) is scaled down by the DIV (14) output to produce the encoding and synchronous decoding clocks. The default setting is that the transmit/encode clock is set to 5MHz and the receive/decode clock is set to 10 MHz. The method makes the receiving clock always synchronous with the incoming frame, avoids clock drift and obtains accurate data sampling.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the design of the device-side interface module. At the device side, the user can control the whole data and energy transmission device, which is realized by TCP/IP Ethernet protocol in the MCU microcontroller (2). The MCU microcontroller (2) end is connected with ASIX AX88796C (16) and is extended into a TCP/IP Ethernet protocol interface. The FPGA high-frequency processor (3) uses MICRO SEMIDE suite, which is a low-power-consumption component and is connected with a 20MHz external oscillator for starting.
A16-bit parallel bus is used between the FPGA high-frequency processor (3) and the MCU microcontroller (2). Downstream data transmission is triggered by the MCU (2), and the MCU (2) writes 32-bit frames into a transmission block of the FPGA high-frequency processor (3) in advance. When the sensor node receives the control frame, it replies with a 32-bit frame. The IRQ is then triggered on the first channel IRQ1 at the device side interface, allowing the MCU microcontroller (2) to pull 32 bits of data (two read sequences) and perform the associated actions.
Optionally, the data energy decoupling unit further comprises a FIFO memory, and the sensor measurement data (upstream data) may be transmitted in a 16-bit or 32-bit frame format depending on the type of sensor. For low rate sensors, 32-bit frames are used; for high rate sensors, 16 bit frames are used (streaming data transmission mode). For high rate sensors, data received at the device side is continuously stored in a 1024 byte FIFO memory. When the FIFO is full, the IRQ from the second channel IRQ2 (fig. 3) is triggered, allowing the MCU microcontroller (2) to pull the FIFO contents and to upload 1024 bytes long data to the user (UDP/IP streaming mode transmission). Taking 5MHz as an example of the transmission frequency, the maximum data rate calculated in streaming mode is finally 3.6Mbits/s for 16-bit frames and 4.2Mbits/s for 32-bit frames. The bit rate of the bi-directional link can be easily increased by using higher transmit and receive frequencies.
Optionally, the power conversion module (10) comprises three dedicated DC/DC converters and an energy storage super capacitor, for example, 5VDC, 3.3VDC, 12VDC, for matching voltage standards of different instruments. The first DC/DC converter (linear LTC3426) provides +5V voltage to supply power for the MCU microcontroller (2) core board; the second DC/DC converter is 3.3VDC and supplies power for the core board of the FPGA high-frequency processor (3); the third DC/DC converter adopts a module of Texas instrument LM27373 to provide 12VDC voltage, supplies power for a sensor using the standard voltage, completes voltage conversion through a 2.5F super capacitor, and is suitable for a sensor needing higher current input and working in a short time.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The photon-carried electric energy transmission device is characterized by comprising a data energy coupling unit, a data energy decoupling unit and an optical fiber, wherein the data energy coupling unit is connected with the data energy decoupling unit through the optical fiber, the data energy coupling unit couples data and electric energy with light wave signals with different wavelengths and transmits the data and electric energy to the data energy decoupling unit through the optical fiber, and the data energy decoupling unit decouples the received light wave signals to obtain the data and the electric energy so as to realize the simultaneous transmission of the data and the electric energy.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the data energy coupling unit comprises an equipment-side interface module, a first semiconductor laser, a pump laser, an optical wavelength division multiplexer, and the data energy decoupling unit comprises a sensor-side interface module, a second semiconductor laser, an optical-to-electrical conversion module, an optical wavelength division multiplexer;
the equipment end interface module is connected with the optical wavelength division multiplexer through the first semiconductor laser, the pump laser is connected with the optical wavelength division multiplexer, and the optical wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the optical fiber; the sensor end interface module is connected with the light wave decomposition multiplexer through the second semiconductor laser, the photoelectric conversion module is connected with the light wave decomposition multiplexer and the sensor end interface module, and the light wave decomposition multiplexer is connected with the optical fiber.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the data energy coupling unit and the data energy decoupling unit each comprise an optical circulator, a photodiode filter;
the equipment end interface module is respectively connected with an optical circulator through the first semiconductor laser and the photodiode filter, and the optical circulator is connected with the optical wavelength division multiplexer; the sensor end interface module is respectively connected with an optical circulator through the second semiconductor laser and the photodiode filter, and the optical circulator is connected with the light wave decomposition multiplexer.
4. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the first semiconductor laser and the second semiconductor laser are VCSEL lasers.
5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the device-side interface module comprises a first FPGA high frequency processor and a first MCU microcontroller, and the sensor-side interface module comprises a second FPGA high frequency processor and a second MCU microcontroller;
the first MCU microcontroller is connected with the pump laser and the first FPGA high-frequency processor, and the first FPGA high-frequency processor is connected with the first semiconductor laser; the second MCU microcontroller is connected with the second FPGA high-frequency processor, and the second FPGA high-frequency processor is connected with the second semiconductor laser.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, the first FPGA high frequency processor comprising a first DIV, a first PLL, a first transmitter, a first receiver, the second FPGA high frequency processor comprising a second DIV, a second PLL, a second transmitter, a second receiver;
the first PLL is connected with the first DIV, the first DIV is connected with the first transmitter and the first receiver, and the first MCU microcontroller is connected with the first transmitter and the first receiver; the second PLL is connected with the second DIV, the second DIV is connected with the second transmitter and the second receiver, and the second MCU microcontroller is connected with the second transmitter and the second receiver.
7. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the data energy decoupling unit further comprises a power conversion module, the photoelectric conversion module being connected with the sensor-side interface module through the power conversion module.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the power conversion module comprises a DC/DC converter and an energy storage.
9. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the photoelectric conversion module comprises a plurality of photovoltaic cells in a distributed fashion.
10. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the data energy decoupling unit further comprises a FIFO memory.
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Application publication date: 20201117 |