CN111952671A - Low-temperature electrolyte with ethyl fluoroacetate as solvent and application thereof - Google Patents
Low-temperature electrolyte with ethyl fluoroacetate as solvent and application thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111952671A CN111952671A CN202010695328.5A CN202010695328A CN111952671A CN 111952671 A CN111952671 A CN 111952671A CN 202010695328 A CN202010695328 A CN 202010695328A CN 111952671 A CN111952671 A CN 111952671A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- sodium
- low
- electrolyte
- compound
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- VCYZVXRKYPKDQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-fluoroacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CF VCYZVXRKYPKDQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- -1 lithium tetrafluoroborate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002228 NASICON Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910006095 SO2F Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Chemical compound [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940005657 pyrophosphoric acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- DEIXAXKIKOHRED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2-thiazole Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C1=CC=NS1 DEIXAXKIKOHRED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004280 Sodium formate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical class OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- YNQRWVCLAIUHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L dilithium;oxalate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O YNQRWVCLAIUHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001540 lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QVXQYMZVJNYDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methylsulfonyl-trifluoromethane Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[C-](S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QVXQYMZVJNYDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XKPJKVVZOOEMPK-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;formate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]C=O XKPJKVVZOOEMPK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- VCCATSJUUVERFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound FS(=O)(=O)N([Na])S(F)(=O)=O VCCATSJUUVERFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019254 sodium formate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001542 sodium hexafluoroarsenate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium oxalate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940039790 sodium oxalate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium perchlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001488 sodium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001495 sodium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CTHCGQAFGGHQTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methylsulfonyl-trifluoromethane Chemical compound [Na+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[C-](S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F CTHCGQAFGGHQTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XGPOMXSYOKFBHS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical group [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F XGPOMXSYOKFBHS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-aminoazetidine-1-carboxylate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CC(N)C1 RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VPOIXCYASUPXIC-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrasodium oxalate Chemical compound C(C(=O)[O-])(=O)[O-].C(C(=O)[O-])(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+] VPOIXCYASUPXIC-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- VSRBKQFNFZQRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tuaminoheptane Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)N VSRBKQFNFZQRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QEWYKACRFQMRMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CF QEWYKACRFQMRMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- QXZNUMVOKMLCEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F Chemical compound [Na].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QXZNUMVOKMLCEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- PVDYNYCZGYOXAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoroethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCF PVDYNYCZGYOXAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004807 desolvation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- STSCVKRWJPWALQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N TRIFLUOROACETIC ACID ETHYL ESTER Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(F)(F)F STSCVKRWJPWALQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-n-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOWSJJBOQDKOHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(F)(F)F ZOWSJJBOQDKOHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFJLHSIZFYNAHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-difluoroethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(F)F PFJLHSIZFYNAHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQIDXCHHNLNGDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C(=O)F)(=O)F.[Na] Chemical compound C(C(=O)F)(=O)F.[Na] NQIDXCHHNLNGDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMVMBTZRIMAUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-H [Na+].[V+5].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [Na+].[V+5].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ZMVMBTZRIMAUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GZKHDVAKKLTJPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2,2-difluoroacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(F)F GZKHDVAKKLTJPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- AFRJJFRNGGLMDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium amide Chemical compound [Li+].[NH2-] AFRJJFRNGGLMDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003880 polar aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MJEPCYMIBBLUCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium titanium(4+) phosphate Chemical compound P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Ti+4].[Na+] MJEPCYMIBBLUCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- YLKTWKVVQDCJFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Na+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F YLKTWKVVQDCJFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007614 solvation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
- H01G11/60—Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solvent
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0034—Fluorinated solvents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemistry, and particularly relates to a low-temperature electrolyte taking fluoroethyl acetate as a solvent and application thereof. The low-temperature electrolyte takes ethyl fluoroacetate and derivatives thereof as a solvent, lithium salt, sodium salt or quaternary ammonium salt as a solute, and also comprises a cosolvent and an additive. Compared with the traditional electrolyte, the low-temperature electrolyte still shows higher ionic conductivity at lower temperature (-80 ℃). Under the action of fluorine atom electron withdrawing, the fluoro ethyl acetate and the cation have lower desolvation energy, so that the desolvation process is promoted, and the ion embedding and desolvation at low temperature are facilitated. When the electrolyte provided by the invention is applied to lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries, super capacitors and hybrid super capacitors, the system has excellent specific capacity, cycle performance and power performance at low temperature.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemistry, and particularly relates to a low-temperature electrolyte and application thereof.
Background
Environmental issues are becoming more prominent as fossil energy consumption on earth is increasing. Therefore, the search for a new energy source with high efficiency, cleanness, safety and regeneration has become a hot point of research for scientists in various countries. Since commercialization, secondary batteries are widely used in more and more fields, but with the increasing upgrading of demands, such as special demands in the fields of military equipment, aerospace, etc., the secondary batteries used nowadays are increasingly limited in temperature range and cannot meet the demands. For example, a lithium ion battery can only release 12% of normal-temperature rated capacity under the condition of-40 ℃, and even cannot be charged and discharged under the condition of lower temperature, which completely fails to meet the current requirements. The far shortage of the low-temperature performance of the battery has become one of the major bottlenecks restricting the application development, so how to improve the low-temperature performance of the battery is an urgent problem at present.
The performance of the battery is related to the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the electrolyte, and is also closely related to the manufacturing process of the battery, the structural design of the battery and the like. While the electrode materials have been considered by the prior researchers to affect the low temperature performance of the battery, in recent years, the electrolyte has become recognized as a big obstacle to the difficult operation of the battery under low temperature conditions. The electrolyte plays an important role in transferring ions and communicating internal current in the battery, requires a higher boiling point, a lower freezing point, a higher ionic conductivity and a wider working range to meet the stability of the anode and the cathode, and is a necessary condition for reversible charge and discharge of the secondary battery. Research shows that the poor low-temperature performance of the battery is mainly related to the sharp rise of the over-potential and the reduction of the potential plateau of the battery, and the poor low-temperature performance is caused by the fact that the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, the resistance of the solid-liquid interface of the contact part of the electrolyte and an electrode, the charge transfer resistance, the diffusion of lithium ions in an electrode material and the like are hindered. The improvement of the electrolyte is the most feasible and most economical and effective way for realizing the charge and discharge of the battery under the low-temperature condition at present. Many scientists have done a lot of effort in recent years and have achieved good results. However, these low-temperature batteries cannot be charged and discharged at low temperature, and can only be discharged at low temperature after being charged at normal temperature, which greatly limits their practical applications. Furthermore, commercially used high-energy intercalation compound electrode materials cannot be applied at low temperature, so that most low-temperature batteries have low energy density and are a major problem faced by the low-temperature batteries at present. Therefore, the development of low-temperature electrolytes with low solvation energy, low melting point, low viscosity, wide temperature range and wide stable potential range is an important direction for improving the performance of low-temperature batteries.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-temperature electrolyte with low viscosity, high dielectric constant and good redox stability, which can be used in lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries, super capacitors and hybrid super capacitors.
According to the low-temperature electrolyte provided by the invention, fluoroethyl acetate or derivatives thereof are used as a solvent to replace the traditional carbonate solvent, lithium salt, sodium salt or quaternary ammonium salt is used as a solute, and the concentration of the solute is 0.1-10 mol/L; the electrolyte also comprises a cosolvent and an additive, wherein the volume of the cosolvent accounts for 20-80% of the volume of the solvent, and the content of the additive accounts for 0.1-15% of the mass fraction of the electrolyte.
In the invention, the organic solvent of the fluoro ethyl acetate and the derivatives thereof is selected from the fluoro ethyl acetate and isomers and derivatives thereof, and comprises one or more of functional groups containing oxygen atoms or groups formed by substituting halogen atoms, nitro groups, cyano groups, carboxyl groups and sulfonic groups; wherein the halogen atom is F, Cl or Br. Is specifically selected from one or more of ethyl fluoroacetate, ethyl difluoroacetate, ethyl trifluoroacetate, 2,2, 2-trifluoroethyl acetate, 2, 2-difluoroethyl acetate and 2-fluoroethyl acetate.
In the present invention, the lithium salt is selected from organic lithium salts and inorganic lithium salts, and specifically selected from lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, lithium tris (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) methide, lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, lithium bis (oxalato) borate, lithium difluoro (oxalato) borate, and LiN (SO)2RF)2、LiN(SO2F)(SO2RF) (wherein R isF= CnF2n +1, n =1 to 10), lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate (V) chloride, lithium fluorideOne or more of lithium, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, lithium sulfate, lithium nitrate, lithium carbonate, lithium oxalate, lithium formate and lithium acetate.
In the present invention, the sodium salt is selected from organic sodium salt and inorganic sodium salt, specifically selected from sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, sodium tris (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) methide, sodium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, sodium bisoxalate, sodium difluorooxalate, NaN (SO)2RF)2、NaN(SO2F)(SO2RF) (wherein R isF=1 +1 of-CnF 2n, n =1 to 10), sodium perchlorate, sodium tetrafluoroborate, sodium hexafluorophosphate, sodium hexafluoroarsenate (V), sodium chloride, sodium fluoride, sodium bromide, sodium iodide, sodium sulfate, sodium nitrate, sodium carbonate, sodium oxalate, sodium formate, and one or more of sodium acetate.
In the present invention, the co-solvent is selected from the group consisting of carbonate type and ether type solvents and fluoro compounds thereof.
In the invention, the additive is selected from one or more of alkyl quaternary ammonium ions, carbonate compounds, phosphate compounds, borate compounds, sulfite compounds and sultone compounds.
The low-temperature electrolyte provided by the invention is suitable for lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries, super capacitors and hybrid super capacitors.
In the lithium ion battery using the low-temperature electrolyte, the positive electrode material is selected from an intercalation compound capable of reversibly intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions or an organic polymer molecule as an electrode active material, and the intercalation compound is selected from: an oxide, sulfide, phosphide or chloride of a transition metal, the transition metal being Mn, Ni, Co, Fe, V or Ti. Or the metal element M of the embedded compound is doped with one or more of Li, Mg, Cr, Al, Co, Ni, Mn, Zn, Cu and La ions; the anode material is selected from an intercalation compound and organic polymer molecules, the intercalation compound is selected from a NASICON structure compound, or a transition metal oxide, a pyrophosphoric acid compound, a sulfide or a layered structure compound, the transition metal element is Mn, Ni, Co, Fe, V or Ti, and a surface coating shell layer of the transition metal element or a material doped with other metal elements M of the compound, and the doped metal element M is one or more of Li, Mg, Cr, Al, Co, Ni, Mn, Zn, Cu and La ions.
In the sodium ion battery using the low-temperature electrolyte, the positive electrode material is selected from intercalation compounds capable of reversibly intercalating sodium ions or organic polymer molecules as electrode active material, and the intercalation compounds are selected from: an oxide, sulfide, phosphide or chloride of a transition metal, the transition metal being Mn, Ni, Co, Fe, V or Ti. Or the metal element M of the embedded compound is doped with one or more of Na, Mg, Cr, Al, Co, Ni, Mn, Zn, Cu and La ions; the anode material is selected from an intercalation compound and organic polymer molecules, the intercalation compound is selected from a NASICON structure compound, or a transition metal oxide, a pyrophosphoric acid compound, a sulfide or a layered structure compound, the transition metal element is Mn, Ni, Co, Fe, V or Ti, and a shell layer is coated on the surface of the transition metal element or a material doped with other metal elements M of the compound, and the doped metal elements M are one or more of Na, Mg, Cr, Al, Co, Ni, Mn, Zn, Cu and La ions.
In the invention, the electrode material of the super capacitor using the low-temperature electrolyte is selected from transition metal oxides, carbon materials, organic polymer molecules and composite materials of the materials.
The low-temperature electrolyte provided by the invention takes the fluoro ethyl acetate and the derivatives thereof as solvents. The fluoro ethyl acetate is a polar aprotic solvent, contains a C = O polar group, can effectively dissolve lithium salt, has excellent oxidation stability and a very low melting point, and is still liquid in a low-temperature environment of-80 ℃. In addition, fluorine atoms with electron-withdrawing property are introduced, so that the oxidation stability of the electrolyte can be effectively improved, and the binding energy of the solvent and lithium ions is reduced. Meanwhile, the fluoro ethyl acetate has the advantages of low melting point, small viscosity, high dielectric constant, good redox stability, low price and the like, and is particularly suitable for being applied to the field of low-temperature electrolyte of batteries to improve the low-temperature performance of the batteries.
Compared with the traditional electrolyte, the low-temperature electrolyte provided by the invention still shows higher ionic conductivity at lower temperature (-80 ℃). Under the action of fluorine atom electron withdrawing, the fluoro ethyl acetate and the cation have lower desolvation energy, so that the desolvation process is promoted, and the ion embedding and desolvation at low temperature are facilitated. When the electrolyte provided by the invention is applied to lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries, super capacitors and hybrid super capacitors, the system has excellent specific capacity, cycle performance and power performance at low temperature.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described with reference to the following specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1: under anhydrous and oxygen-free conditions, lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide is dissolved in a molar concentration of 0.5mol/kg by using ethyl trifluoroacetate as a solvent. The temperature range of the electrolyte is below-120 ℃. Lithium Manganate (LMO) is used as a positive electrode material, metal lithium is used as a negative electrode material, the button cell is assembled to be charged and discharged at a rate of 0.1C, and the capacity is 105mAhg at the normal temperature of 25 DEG C-1The capacity at 40 ℃ below zero is 98mAhg-1The capacity is 80 mAhg at the low temperature of minus 80 DEG C-1. (see Table 1).
Example 2: under anhydrous and oxygen-free conditions, lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide is dissolved in a molar concentration of 0.5mol/kg by using ethyl trifluoroacetate as a solvent. The lowest temperature range of the electrolyte is below-120 ℃. Ternary lithium nickel cobalt manganese (NMC) is used as a positive electrode material, metallic lithium is used as a negative electrode material, the assembled button cell is charged and discharged at a rate of 0.1C, and the capacity is 185mAhg at the normal temperature of 25 DEG C-1The capacity is 150mAhg at the low temperature of minus 40 DEG C-1The capacity is 100 mAhg at the low temperature of minus 80 DEG C-1. (see Table 1).
Example 3: under the anhydrous and oxygen-free conditions, bis (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) imide is prepared by taking ethyl trifluoroacetate as a solventThe lithium amide was dissolved in a molar mass concentration of 0.5 mol/kg. The lowest temperature range of the electrolyte is below-120 ℃. Lithium Titanate (LTO) is used for testing the performance of the lithium metal assembled half-cell, the lithium metal assembled half-cell is charged and discharged at 0.1C rate, and the capacity is 170mAhg at the normal temperature and 25 DEG C-1The capacity at the low temperature of minus 40 ℃ is 165mAhg-1The capacity is 103mAhg at the low temperature of minus 80 DEG C-1. (see Table 1).
Example 4: under anhydrous and oxygen-free conditions, lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide is dissolved in a molar concentration of 0.5mol/kg by using ethyl trifluoroacetate as a solvent. The lowest temperature range of the electrolyte is below-120 ℃. The low-temperature performance of the lithium metal assembled half-cell is tested by using graphite (Gr), and the charge-discharge capacity at 1C rate at the normal temperature of 25 ℃ is 350 mAhg-1The charge-discharge capacity at 0.1C rate at low temperature of-40 ℃ is 200 mAhg-1The capacity is 80 mAhg at the low temperature of minus 80 DEG C-1. (see Table 1).
Example 5: under anhydrous and oxygen-free conditions, lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide is dissolved in a molar concentration of 0.5mol/kg by using ethyl trifluoroacetate as a solvent. The lowest temperature range of the electrolyte is below-120 ℃. Assembling a button type full cell by using Lithium Manganate (LMO) as a positive electrode material and Lithium Titanate (LTO) as a negative electrode material, charging and discharging at a rate of 0.05 ℃, and having a capacity of 90mAhg at a normal temperature of 25 DEG C-1The capacity at 40 ℃ below zero is 80 mAhg-1The capacity is 65mAhg at the low temperature of minus 80 DEG C-1. (see Table 1).
Example 6: sodium hexafluorophosphate was dissolved in ethyl trifluoroacetate as a solvent at a molar mass concentration of 0.5mol/kg under anhydrous and oxygen-free conditions. The lowest temperature range of the electrolyte is below-120 ℃. The battery is assembled by taking sodium vanadium phosphate (NVPO) as a positive electrode material and metal sodium as a negative electrode material, and is charged and discharged at a rate of 0.1C, and the capacity of 120mAhg is at 25 ℃ at normal temperature-1The capacity at 40 ℃ below zero is 98mAhg-1The capacity is 75mAhg at the low temperature of minus 80 DEG C-1. (see Table 1).
Example 7: 0.5mol of sodium hexafluorophosphate is added into ethyl trifluoroacetate as a solvent under the anhydrous and oxygen-free conditionsIn which a molar mass concentration of/kg is dissolved. The lowest temperature range of the electrolyte is below-120 ℃. The battery is assembled by taking sodium titanium phosphate (NTPO) as a positive electrode material and metal sodium as a negative electrode material, and is charged and discharged at a rate of 0.05C, and the capacity of the battery is 115 mAhg at the normal temperature of 25 DEG C-1The capacity at low temperature of minus 40 ℃ is 93 mAhg-1The capacity is 78 mAhg at the low temperature of minus 80 DEG C-1. (see Table 1).
Example 8: tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate is dissolved in 0.5mol/kg of mass molar concentration by taking ethyl trifluoroacetate as a solvent under anhydrous and oxygen-free conditions. The lowest temperature range of the electrolyte is below-120 ℃. The active carbon is used as an electrode material to assemble a capacitor, the capacitor is charged and discharged at a current density of 0.5A/g, and the capacity is 50mAhg at the normal temperature of 25 DEG C-1The capacity at 40 ℃ below zero is 46mAhg-1The capacity is 42mAhg at the low temperature of minus 80 DEG C-1. (see Table 1).
TABLE 1
Claims (9)
1. A low-temperature electrolyte taking ethyl fluoroacetate as a solvent is characterized in that the ethyl fluoroacetate or derivatives thereof are taken as the solvent, lithium salt, sodium salt or quaternary ammonium salt is taken as a solute, and the concentration of the solute is 0.1-10 mol/L; the solvent-free composite material also comprises a cosolvent and an additive, wherein the cosolvent accounts for 20-80% of the volume of the solvent, and the mass fraction of the additive is 0.1-15%.
2. The low-temperature electrolyte as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fluoroacetate or the derivative thereof is selected from the group consisting of fluoroacetate, isomers and derivatives thereof, and comprises one or more of a functional group containing an oxygen atom or a group substituted by a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a carboxyl group and a sulfonic group; wherein the halogen atom is F, Cl or Br.
3. The cryogenic electrolyte of claim 1 wherein the cryogenic electrolyte is a mixture of two or more of the followingThe lithium salt is selected from the group consisting of lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, lithium tris (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) methide, lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, lithium bis (oxalato) borate, lithium difluorooxalato borate, LiN (SO)2RF)2、LiN(SO2F)(SO2RF) (wherein R isF= 1-10), lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate (V), lithium chloride, lithium fluoride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, lithium sulfate, lithium nitrate, lithium carbonate, lithium oxalate, lithium formate and lithium acetate.
4. The cryogenic electrolyte of claim 1 wherein the sodium salt is selected from sodium triflate, sodium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, sodium tris (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) methide, sodium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, sodium bisoxalate, sodium difluorooxalato, NaN (SO)2RF)2、NaN(SO2F)(SO2RF) One or more of sodium perchlorate, sodium tetrafluoroborate, sodium hexafluorophosphate, sodium hexafluoroarsenate (V), sodium chloride, sodium fluoride, sodium bromide, sodium iodide, sodium sulfate, sodium nitrate, sodium carbonate, sodium oxalate, sodium formate and sodium acetate; wherein R isF= -CnF2n+1，n=1~10。
5. The low-temperature electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the co-solvent is selected from the group consisting of carbonate and ether solvents and fluoro-compounds thereof; the additive is selected from one or more of alkyl quaternary ammonium ions, carbonate compounds, phosphate compounds, borate compounds, sulfite compounds and sultone compounds.
6. Use of the low-temperature electrolyte according to any of claims 1 to 5 in lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries, supercapacitors and hybrid supercapacitors.
7. The use according to claim 6, wherein the lithium ion battery has a positive electrode material selected from intercalation compounds capable of reversibly deintercalating lithium ions or organic polymer molecules as an electrode active material, and the intercalation compounds are selected from: an oxide, sulfide, phosphide or chloride of a transition metal, wherein the transition metal is Mn, Ni, Co, Fe, V or Ti; or the metal element M of the embedded compound is doped with one or more of Li, Mg, Cr, Al, Co, Ni, Mn, Zn, Cu and La ions; the anode material is selected from an intercalation compound and organic polymer molecules, the intercalation compound is selected from a NASICON structure compound, or a transition metal oxide, a pyrophosphoric acid compound, a sulfide or a layered structure compound, the transition metal element is Mn, Ni, Co, Fe, V or Ti, and a surface coating shell layer of the transition metal element or a material doped with other metal elements M of the compound, and the doped metal element M is one or more of Li, Mg, Cr, Al, Co, Ni, Mn, Zn, Cu and La ions.
8. The use according to claim 6, wherein the positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery is selected from intercalation compounds capable of reversibly intercalating sodium ions or organic polymer molecules as electrode active material, and the intercalation compounds are selected from: oxides, sulfides, phosphides or chlorides of transition metals, wherein the transition metal elements are Mn, Ni, Co, Fe, V or Ti; or the metal element M of the embedded compound is doped with one or more of Na, Mg, Cr, Al, Co, Ni, Mn, Zn, Cu and La ions; the anode material is selected from an intercalation compound and organic polymer molecules, the intercalation compound is selected from a NASICON structure compound, or a transition metal oxide, a pyrophosphoric acid compound, a sulfide or a layered structure compound, the transition metal element is Mn, Ni, Co, Fe, V or Ti, and a shell layer is coated on the surface of the transition metal element or a material doped with other metal elements M of the compound, and the doped metal elements M are one or more of Na, Mg, Cr, Al, Co, Ni, Mn, Zn, Cu and La ions.
9. The use according to claim 6, wherein for supercapacitors, the electrode material is selected from the group consisting of transition metal oxides, carbon materials, organic polymer molecules.
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