CN111952578A - Preparation method of heterojunction structure nanowire for anode of water-based zinc ion battery - Google Patents

Preparation method of heterojunction structure nanowire for anode of water-based zinc ion battery Download PDF

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CN111952578A
CN111952578A CN202010885248.6A CN202010885248A CN111952578A CN 111952578 A CN111952578 A CN 111952578A CN 202010885248 A CN202010885248 A CN 202010885248A CN 111952578 A CN111952578 A CN 111952578A
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李振环
范兰兰
曹磊
张马亮
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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a heterojunction structure nanowire for a water system zinc ion battery anode, which comprises the following steps: dissolving ammonium metavanadate in deionized water, adding n-alkylbenzene sulfonate or n-alkyl sulfate, and dissolving to obtain a precursor solution; transferring the precursor solution into a reaction kettle for reaction, cooling a product after the reaction to room temperature, and then cleaning and freeze-drying the product; and (3) taking the freeze-dried product to perform high-temperature recrystallization under the air condition to obtain the nanowire with the heterojunction structure. The nanowire with the heterojunction structure obtained by the method has a unique morphology structure, is applied to a water system zinc ion battery, can relieve the structural damage of a positive electrode material of the water system zinc ion battery caused by the embedding and the separation of zinc ions, and further obtains excellent cycling stability.

Description

Preparation method of heterojunction structure nanowire for anode of water-based zinc ion battery
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nano materials and electrochemistry, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a heterojunction structure nanowire for a positive electrode of a water system zinc ion battery.
Background
The aggravation of environmental pollution, the exhaustion of traditional fossil energy and the initial exposure of the safety problem of the current secondary energy storage system put more and more high demands on batteries. In this regard, aqueous zinc ion batteries with medium pH (or weakly acidic) electrolytes are expected to meet the demand for safe, large-scale energy storage. However, due to the relatively small ionic radius (74pm) of the zinc ions, the electrostatic interaction between the zinc ions and the water molecules in the electrolyte forms a stable cage structure with dimensions of
Figure BDA0002655367800000011
In addition, the electrostatic interaction between zinc ions and the crystal structure of the cathode material is much stronger than that of lithium ions, and therefore, it will impose severe requirements for finding suitable intercalation materials.
The positive electrode material of zinc ions mainly comprises manganese oxide, brucine blue derivatives, vanadium base materials and the like. Among them, the layered vanadium-based materials are considered to be the most potential zinc ion positive electrode materials due to their high specific capacity, abundant resources and low cost. Liang et al (Zhou J, Shan L, Wu Z, et al. investigation of V2O5 as a low-cost rechargeable aqueous zinc ion battery cathode[J]Chemical communications,2018,54(35):4457-4460.) use of V2O5A low-cost water-based zinc ion battery is developed as the positive electrode, and the battery has a high specific capacity of 224 mA.h/g when the current density is 100 mA/g. But V is due to the intercalation and deintercalation of zinc ions during the discharge/charge process2O5The inter-layer distance of (a) is irreversibly changed, and therefore structural destruction of the positive electrode material inevitably affects the long-term electrochemical stability of the zinc-ion battery. The intercalation of the metal cations can not only enlarge the interlayer spacing for facilitating the intercalation and the deintercalation of zinc ions, but also serve as a column for stabilizing a layered structure. He, etc. (He P, Zhang G, Liao X, et al. sodium Ion Stabilized variable Oxide Nanowire for High-Performance Zinc-Ion Batteries [ J]Advanced Energy Materials,2018,8(10): 1702463) hydrothermal preparation of Na0.33V2O5Nanowires that exhibit excellent specific capacity (specific capacity of 367.1mA · h/g at a current density of 100 mA/g) and cycling stability (capacity retention of 93% after 1000 cycles) when used in zinc ion batteries. In contrast to the layered vanadium oxide, the channel-type metal ion-doped vanadium-based material has a limited space for storing zinc ions, i.e., a lower specific capacity. Therefore, it is very important to prepare a suitable cathode material.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a heterojunction structure nanowire for a positive electrode of a water system zinc ion battery.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is to provide a preparation method of the heterojunction structure nanowire for the anode of the water system zinc ion battery, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a precursor solution: dissolving ammonium metavanadate in deionized water, adding n-alkylbenzene sulfonate or n-alkyl sulfate, and dissolving to obtain a precursor solution;
(2) preparing a precursor nanowire: transferring the precursor solution into a reaction kettle for reaction, cooling a product after the reaction to room temperature, and then cleaning and freeze-drying the product;
(3) and (3) high-temperature recrystallization: and (3) taking the freeze-dried product to perform high-temperature recrystallization under the air condition to obtain the nanowire with the heterojunction structure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) in the hydrothermal process, a channel is formed by long anionic chains in n-alkyl sulfate or n-alkyl benzene sulfonate in an aqueous solution with a proper concentration, and vanadate ions and metal cations are distributed in the channel under the action of electrostatic force. Under the action of high temperature and high pressure, vanadium oxide crystal grains gradually grow to form the nano wire. With the increase of time, the vanadium oxide embedded with the metal ions continues to grow on the surface of the vanadium oxide to form the precursor nanowire with the two-phase structure.
At high temperature calcination, highRecrystallizing at warm temperature to form heterojunction structure of nanowire, and obtaining vanadium oxide (such as NaV) with outer layer embedded with metal cation having channel structure6O15) The inner layer being a vanadium oxide having a layered structure (e.g. V)2O5) The nanowire of a heterojunction structure of (a).
(2) The nanowire with the heterojunction structure obtained by the method has a unique morphology structure, is applied to a water system zinc ion battery, can relieve the structural damage of a positive electrode material of the water system zinc ion battery caused by the embedding and the separation of zinc ions, and further obtains excellent cycling stability.
(3) The one-pot preparation method is simple and has higher possibility of scale-up production. In addition, the nanowire with the heterojunction structure prepared by the method has wide application prospect in the energy storage field of lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries, zinc ion batteries and the like, and provides a new idea for the industrial production of high-quality nanowires.
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Fig. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of a precursor nanowire obtained by a hydrothermal reaction prepared in example 5 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of a nanowire of a heterojunction structure prepared in example 5 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a charge and discharge cycle curve of the anode prepared from the heterojunction-structured nanowire prepared in example 5 of the present invention at a current density of 1A/g.
Detailed Description
Specific examples of the present invention are given below. The specific examples are only intended to illustrate the invention in further detail and do not limit the scope of protection of the claims of the present application.
The invention provides a preparation method (method for short) of heterojunction structure nanowires for a water system zinc ion battery anode, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a precursor solution: dissolving ammonium metavanadate in deionized water, adding n-alkylbenzene sulfonate or n-alkyl sulfate after the ammonium metavanadate is completely dissolved, and completely dissolving to obtain a precursor solution;
(2) preparing a precursor nanowire: transferring the precursor solution into a reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction, cooling a product after the reaction to room temperature, and then cleaning and freeze-drying the product;
(3) and (3) high-temperature recrystallization: and (3) taking the freeze-dried product to perform high-temperature recrystallization under the air condition to obtain the nanowire with the heterojunction structure.
Preferably, in step 1), the n-alkylbenzene sulfonate has the formula RC6H4SO3M, the molecular formula of the n-alkyl sulfate is ROSO3N, R represents the number of carbon atoms in the N-alkyl group is 12-17, M represents Na, K, Mg or Ca, and N represents Na or K.
Preferably, in the step 1), the mass ratio of the ammonium metavanadate to the n-alkylbenzene sulfonate or the n-alkyl sulfate is 1-3: 3, and the mass fraction of the ammonium metavanadate in the precursor solution is 0.5-5% (preferably 1%).
Preferably, in the step 1), the temperature set for dissolving the ammonium metavanadate in the deionized water is 65-80 ℃, and the temperature set for dissolving the n-alkylbenzene sulfonate or the n-alkylsulfate is normal temperature.
Preferably, in the step 2), the ratio of the volume of the solution in the reaction kettle to the maximum capacity of the reaction kettle is 0.6-0.8, the reaction pressure is 0.8-1 MPa, the reaction temperature is 120-180 ℃, and the reaction time is 3-12 hours.
Preferably, the cleaning process in the step 2) is to clean the product with ethanol for 5-8 times, and then with deionized water for 8-10 times until no waxy substance exists on the surface of the product.
Preferably, in the step 2), the temperature of freeze drying is-50 ℃ to-35 ℃, and the freeze drying prevents the adhesion between the nanowires caused by normal temperature drying.
Preferably, in the step 3), the temperature rising rate is 1-3 ℃/min in the high-temperature recrystallization process, the calcining temperature is 300-600 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 0.5-2 h.
Example 1
(1) Preparing a precursor solution: 0.6g of ammonium metavanadate powder is dissolved in 60ml of deionized water at 65 ℃, 0.6g of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate is added after the ammonium metavanadate powder is completely dissolved, and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour at normal temperature to be completely dissolved.
(2) Preparing a precursor nanowire: the prepared precursor solution is transferred into a 100ml hydrothermal high-pressure reaction kettle, and the reaction is carried out for 3 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃ under the pressure of 0.8 MPa. And cooling the reacted product to room temperature, washing the product for 5 times by using ethanol, and then washing the product for 8 times by using deionized water until no waxy substance exists on the surface of the product. The product was then freeze-dried at-30 ℃.
(3) And (3) high-temperature recrystallization: and (3) taking 0.5g of the dried product, and carrying out high-temperature recrystallization under the air condition to obtain the nanowire with the heterojunction structure, wherein the heating rate in the preparation process of high-temperature calcination is 1 ℃/min, the calcination temperature is 300 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 0.5 h.
The preparation process of the heterojunction structure nanowire anode of the water system zinc ion battery comprises the following steps: dissolving the nanowire powder with the heterojunction structure, the carbon nanotube and the polyvinylidene fluoride obtained in the step 3) in an excessive N-methyl pyrrolidone solvent according to a ratio of 7:2:1, stirring for 10 hours, coating the mixture on a titanium foil, drying, and cutting into a wafer with a certain diameter. And (3) forming the button cell by the wafer, the glass fiber diaphragm, the zinc sheet and 2mol/L zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate electrolyte.
Example 2
(1) Preparing a precursor solution: 0.6g of ammonium metavanadate powder is dissolved in 60ml of deionized water at 70 ℃, 1.2g of sodium n-dodecyl sulfate is added after the ammonium metavanadate powder is completely dissolved, and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour at normal temperature to be completely dissolved.
(2) Preparing a precursor nanowire: the prepared precursor solution is transferred into a 100ml hydrothermal high-pressure reaction kettle, the pressure is 0.9MPa, and the reaction lasts for 6 hours at 160 ℃. And cooling the reacted product to room temperature, washing the product for 8 times by using ethanol, and then washing the product for 10 times by using deionized water until no waxy substance exists on the surface of the product. The product was then freeze dried at-40 ℃.
(3) And (3) high-temperature recrystallization: and (3) taking 0.5g of the dried product, and carrying out high-temperature recrystallization under the air condition to obtain the nanowire with the heterojunction structure, wherein the heating rate is 3 ℃/min, the calcination temperature is 400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1h in the preparation process of high-temperature calcination.
The preparation process of the heterojunction structure nanowire anode of the water system zinc ion battery comprises the following steps: dissolving the nanowire powder with the heterojunction structure, the carbon nanotube and the polyvinylidene fluoride obtained in the step 3) in an excessive N-methyl pyrrolidone solvent according to a ratio of 7:2:1, stirring for 10 hours, coating the mixture on a titanium foil, drying, and cutting into a wafer with a certain diameter. And (3) forming the button cell by the wafer, the glass fiber diaphragm, the zinc sheet and 2mol/L zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate electrolyte.
Example 3
(1) Preparing a precursor solution: 0.6g of ammonium metavanadate powder is dissolved in 60ml of deionized water at 80 ℃, after the ammonium metavanadate powder is completely dissolved, 1.8g of n-hexadecyl sodium sulfate is added, and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour at normal temperature to be completely dissolved.
(2) Preparing a precursor nanowire: the prepared precursor solution is transferred into a 100ml hydrothermal high-pressure reaction kettle, the pressure is 1MPa, and the reaction lasts for 9 hours at 180 ℃. And cooling the reacted product to room temperature, washing the product for 8 times by using ethanol, and then washing the product for 10 times by using deionized water until no waxy substance exists on the surface of the product. The product was then freeze-dried at-50 ℃.
(3) And (3) high-temperature recrystallization: and (3) taking 0.5g of the dried product, and carrying out high-temperature recrystallization under the air condition to obtain the nanowire with the heterojunction structure, wherein the heating rate is 3 ℃/min, the calcination temperature is 500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2h in the preparation process of high-temperature calcination.
The preparation process of the heterojunction structure nanowire anode of the water system zinc ion battery comprises the following steps: dissolving the nanowire powder with the heterojunction structure, the carbon nanotube and the polyvinylidene fluoride obtained in the step 3) in an excessive N-methyl pyrrolidone solvent according to a ratio of 7:2:1, stirring for 10 hours, coating the mixture on a titanium foil, drying, and cutting into a wafer with a certain diameter. And (3) forming the button cell by the wafer, the glass fiber diaphragm, the zinc sheet and 2mol/L zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate electrolyte.
Example 4
(1) Preparing a precursor solution: 0.6g of ammonium metavanadate powder is dissolved in 60ml of deionized water at 70 ℃, 1.2g of sodium n-dodecyl sulfate is added after the ammonium metavanadate powder is completely dissolved, and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour at normal temperature to be completely dissolved.
(2) Preparing a precursor nanowire: the prepared precursor solution is transferred into a 100ml hydrothermal high-pressure reaction kettle, the pressure is 1MPa, and the reaction lasts for 12 hours at 180 ℃. And cooling the reacted product to room temperature, washing the product for 8 times by using ethanol, and then washing the product for 10 times by using deionized water until no waxy substance exists on the surface of the product. The product was then freeze-dried at-50 ℃.
(3) And (3) high-temperature recrystallization: and (3) taking 0.5g of the dried product, and carrying out high-temperature recrystallization under the air condition to obtain the nanowire with the heterojunction structure, wherein the heating rate in the preparation process of high-temperature calcination is 2 ℃/min, the calcination temperature is 500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 h.
The preparation process of the heterojunction structure nanowire anode of the water system zinc ion battery comprises the following steps: dissolving the nanowire powder with the heterojunction structure, the carbon nanotube and the polyvinylidene fluoride obtained in the step 3) in an excessive N-methyl pyrrolidone solvent according to a ratio of 7:2:1, stirring for 10 hours, coating the mixture on a titanium foil, drying, and cutting into a wafer with a certain diameter. And (3) forming the button cell by the wafer, the glass fiber diaphragm, the zinc sheet and 2mol/L zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate electrolyte.
Example 5
(1) Preparing a precursor solution: 0.6g of ammonium metavanadate powder is dissolved in 60ml of deionized water at 70 ℃, after the ammonium metavanadate powder is completely dissolved, 1.2g of magnesium n-hexadecylbenzene sulfonate is added, and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour at normal temperature to be completely dissolved.
(2) Preparing a precursor nanowire: the prepared precursor solution is transferred into a 100ml hydrothermal high-pressure reaction kettle, the pressure is 1MPa, and the reaction lasts for 9 hours at 180 ℃. And cooling the reacted product to room temperature, washing the product for 8 times by using ethanol, and then washing the product for 10 times by using deionized water until no waxy substance exists on the surface of the product. The product was then freeze-dried at-50 ℃.
Performing SEM test on the precursor nanowire obtained in the step 2). As can be seen from fig. 1: the obtained product is of a uniform nanowire structure, and the width of the nanowire is about 300 nm.
(3) And (3) high-temperature recrystallization: and (3) taking 0.5g of the dried product, and carrying out high-temperature recrystallization under the air condition to obtain the nanowire with the heterojunction structure, wherein the heating rate in the preparation process of high-temperature calcination is 1 ℃/min, the calcination temperature is 500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 h.
Performing SEM test on the nanowire with the heterojunction structure obtained in the step 3). As can be seen from fig. 2: after recrystallization, the product still maintains the nanostructure and has a reduced width compared to the precursor nanowire of fig. 1.
The preparation process of the heterojunction structure nanowire anode of the water system zinc ion battery comprises the following steps: dissolving the nanowire powder with the heterojunction structure, the carbon nanotube and the polyvinylidene fluoride obtained in the step 3) in an excessive N-methyl pyrrolidone solvent according to a ratio of 7:2:1, stirring for 10 hours, coating the mixture on a titanium foil, drying, and cutting into a wafer with a certain diameter. And (3) forming the button cell by the wafer, the glass fiber diaphragm, the zinc sheet and 2mol/L zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate electrolyte.
And (4) testing the electrochemical performance of the prepared button cell. As can be seen from fig. 3: the nanowire with the heterojunction structure can maintain the stability of the structure in the circulation process, and the specific discharge capacity of the nanowire is basically unchanged until 150 circles after the nanowire is activated and stabilized by the first 40 circles. Meanwhile, the coulombic efficiency of the battery under the current density of 1A/g is close to 100 percent, which shows that the electrode material has good reversibility.
Example 6
(1) Preparing a precursor solution: 0.6g of ammonium metavanadate powder is dissolved in 60ml of deionized water at 70 ℃, 0.6g of calcium n-hexadecylbenzenesulfonate is added after the ammonium metavanadate powder is completely dissolved, and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour at normal temperature to be completely dissolved.
(2) Preparing a precursor nanowire: the prepared precursor solution is transferred into a 100ml hydrothermal high-pressure reaction kettle, the pressure is 1MPa, and the reaction lasts for 9 hours at 180 ℃. And cooling the reacted product to room temperature, washing the product for 8 times by using ethanol, and then washing the product for 10 times by using deionized water until no waxy substance exists on the surface of the product. The product was then freeze-dried at-50 ℃.
(3) And (3) high-temperature recrystallization: and (3) taking 0.5g of the dried product, and carrying out high-temperature recrystallization under the air condition to obtain the nanowire with the heterojunction structure, wherein the heating rate in the preparation process of high-temperature calcination is 2 ℃/min, the calcination temperature is 400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 h.
The preparation process of the heterojunction structure nanowire anode of the water system zinc ion battery comprises the following steps: dissolving the nanowire powder with the heterojunction structure, the carbon nanotube and the polyvinylidene fluoride obtained in the step 3) in an excessive N-methyl pyrrolidone solvent according to a ratio of 7:2:1, stirring for 10 hours, coating the mixture on a titanium foil, drying, and cutting into a wafer with a certain diameter. And (3) forming the button cell by the wafer, the glass fiber diaphragm, the zinc sheet and 2mol/L zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate electrolyte.
Example 7
The current density and the retention rate after 1000 cycles of the positive electrode material obtained in the above 6 examples were measured, and the results were as follows:
examples Current Density (A/g) Retention after 1000 cycles
1 10 75％
2 10 81％
3 10 80％
4 10 85％
5 10 88％
6 10 86％
The materials obtained in the above embodiments can exhibit good cycling stability when applied to the anode of an aqueous zinc ion battery, which indicates that the heterojunction structure significantly alleviates the structural damage caused by the intercalation and deintercalation of zinc ions to the materials.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Nothing in this specification is said to apply to the prior art.

Claims (8)

1. A preparation method of heterojunction structure nano-wires for a positive electrode of a water system zinc ion battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a precursor solution: dissolving ammonium metavanadate in deionized water, adding n-alkylbenzene sulfonate or n-alkyl sulfate, and dissolving to obtain a precursor solution;
(2) preparing a precursor nanowire: transferring the precursor solution into a reaction kettle for reaction, cooling a product after the reaction to room temperature, and then cleaning and freeze-drying the product;
(3) and (3) high-temperature recrystallization: and (3) taking the freeze-dried product to perform high-temperature recrystallization under the air condition to obtain the nanowire with the heterojunction structure.
2. The method for preparing heterojunction structure nanowires for aqueous zinc-ion battery anodes according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the molecular formula of n-alkylbenzene sulfonate is RC6H4SO3M, the molecular formula of the n-alkyl sulfate is ROSO3N, R represents the number of carbon atoms in the N-alkyl group is 12-17, M represents Na, K, Mg or Ca, and N represents Na or K.
3. The method for preparing a heterojunction structure nanowire for a positive electrode of an aqueous zinc-ion battery according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the mass ratio of ammonium metavanadate to n-alkylbenzene sulfonate or n-alkylsulfate is 1-3: 3, and the mass fraction of ammonium metavanadate in the precursor solution is 0.5-5%.
4. The method for preparing a heterojunction structure nanowire for a positive electrode of an aqueous zinc-ion battery according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the temperature set for dissolving ammonium metavanadate in deionized water is 65 to 80 ℃, and the temperature set for dissolving n-alkylbenzene sulfonate or n-alkylsulfate is normal temperature.
5. The method for preparing a heterojunction structure nanowire for a positive electrode of a water-based zinc-ion battery according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the ratio of the volume of the solution in the reaction kettle to the maximum capacity of the reaction kettle is 0.6 to 0.8, the reaction pressure is 0.8 to 1MPa, the reaction temperature is 120 to 180 ℃, and the reaction time is 3 to 12 hours.
6. The method for preparing the heterojunction structure nanowire for the anode of the water-based zinc-ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning process in the step 2) is to clean the product with ethanol for 5-8 times and then with deionized water for 8-10 times until no waxy substance exists on the surface of the product.
7. The method for producing a heterojunction structure nanowire for a positive electrode of an aqueous zinc-ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of freeze-drying in step 2) is from-50 ℃ to-35 ℃.
8. The method for preparing a heterojunction structure nanowire for a positive electrode of an aqueous zinc-ion battery according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the temperature rise rate is 1 to 3 ℃/min during the high-temperature recrystallization, the calcination temperature is 300 to 600 ℃, and the holding time is 0.5 to 2 hours.
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