CN111951391A - Method for making line-drawing topographic map of low-altitude unmanned aerial survey data - Google Patents
Method for making line-drawing topographic map of low-altitude unmanned aerial survey data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a line-drawing topographic map of low-altitude unmanned aerial survey data, which comprises the steps of acquiring low-altitude aerial image data by using a digital aerial camera of an unmanned aerial vehicle, performing aerial three-encryption processing according to a digital photogrammetry method, manufacturing a digital elevation model based on an encryption result, and outputting a high-precision image orientation file; generating large scene data based on the space-time three-dimensional effect elements, and finally realizing the acquisition of the line-marking ground objects through a continuous and seamless three-dimensional model product. Compared with the traditional aerial survey drawing method, the method breaks through the limitation of a single to the range of the three-dimensional model, and realizes the efficient collection of the aerial survey data line topographic map of the unmanned aerial vehicle by using the high-precision, multi-scale and continuous seamless true three-dimensional model.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photogrammetry and remote sensing, and relates to a method for manufacturing a line-drawing topographic map of low-altitude unmanned aerial survey data.
Background
The digital photogrammetry technology is a main approach for making line-drawing topographic maps at present, and mainly utilizes high-resolution satellite image data, aerial image data or laser point cloud data to produce line-drawing topographic maps with various scales. After basic processes such as data acquisition, space-time three-dimensional encryption and the like are completed by the digital photogrammetry technology based on aerial image data, a traditional acquisition method mostly uses digital photogrammetry workstations such as JX4 or Mapmatr ix and the like, and a line-drawing topographic map is manufactured in a mode of recovering a single stereo pair from an encrypted directional file. The characteristics of high maneuverability, high resolution, high integration and low cost of the low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle system are widely applied to the manufacture of various large-scale line-drawing topographic maps, but the manufacture efficiency of the line-drawing topographic maps is limited to a certain extent by a plurality of factors such as poor data posture and small drawing size.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for manufacturing a line-drawing topographic map of low-altitude unmanned aerial survey data, which solves the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for manufacturing a line-drawing topographic map of low-altitude unmanned aerial survey data comprises the steps of acquiring low-altitude aerial image data by using a digital aerial camera of an unmanned aerial vehicle, performing aerial three-encryption processing according to a digital photogrammetry method, manufacturing a digital elevation model based on an encryption result, and outputting a high-precision image orientation file; generating large scene data based on the space-time three-dimensional effect elements, and finally realizing the acquisition of the line-marking ground objects through a continuous and seamless three-dimensional model product.
Further, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, preprocessing data;
s2, performing space-three encryption processing on the navigation film data, outputting an encrypted accurate image exterior orientation element file, and producing a digital elevation model element according to an encryption result;
s3, producing a large scene model, and generating a model product in a large scene production system based on the camera file, the accurate image exterior orientation element file and the digital elevation model data;
and S4, the large scene browsing system is interconnected with the drawing system to realize the collection of the line-drawing ground feature information.
Further, step S1 specifically includes:
s1a, converting the digital image data format, converting the image format of the digital aerial camera into TIFF image format;
s1b, performing color mixing treatment on the images to ensure that the images have moderate contrast and rich layers and can be subjected to color homogenizing treatment in one step;
and S1c, resolving the data of the image POS, acquiring the external orientation element information at the image shooting time, and providing initial orientation data for space-time-three-encryption.
Further, step S2 specifically includes:
s2a, performing space-three encryption in the digital photogrammetry workstation by using the basic image data, the initial image exterior orientation element file and the image control result;
s2b, outputting the encrypted accurate image exterior orientation element file;
and S2c, producing and editing digital elevation model results on the digital photogrammetry workstation.
Further, step S3 specifically includes:
s3a, newly building a model production project in the large scene production system; according to the basic element setting of large scene data production, a camera file, an encrypted image exterior orientation element file, digital elevation model data and image data after distortion correction are sequentially imported;
s3b, carrying out single-chip correction of the aerial photo based on the data;
s3c, mosaicing the image based on the corrected orthographic single sheet, generating mosaic splicing lines and editing the mosaic splicing lines;
and S3e, finally generating a large scene model product based on the files.
Further, step S4 specifically includes:
s4a, opening large scene model data in the large scene browsing system;
s4b, opening a drawing system, and realizing interconnection with a large scene production system;
and S4c, acquiring the terrain and ground feature information of the line drawing in a three-dimensional environment by adopting a three-dimensional mouse or hand wheel and foot disc acquisition mode according to the encoding requirement of the basic elements of the terrain and ground feature drawing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the large-scene three-dimensional model product breaks through the limitation of a single image of the traditional aerial photograph data to the three-dimensional range, forms a continuous seamless true three-dimensional model, simultaneously reserves high-precision space three-encryption mathematical precision information, and can perform multi-scale dynamic continuous information extraction.
2. The method has the advantages of independent system, simple data structure, access to a hand wheel, a foot disc or a three-dimensional mouse, similar acquisition process to that of the traditional method, and easy grasp by technicians.
3. The method can greatly improve the working efficiency aiming at the acquisition of the line-drawing topographic map of the low-altitude photogrammetry small-picture digital camera data, and avoid the dilemma of incomplete three-dimensional range, difficult acquisition and low efficiency caused by small image pair range and poor posture.
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FIG. 1 is a general flow diagram of the process of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the steps of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, it being understood that the described examples are only a part of the examples of the present invention, and not all examples. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention discusses a method for making a line-drawing topographic map of low-altitude unmanned aerial survey data. The technology breaks through the range limitation of a single-image stereo model in the traditional digital photogrammetry, and realizes the efficient collection of the line-drawing topographic map by utilizing the manufactured high-precision, multi-scale and continuous seamless true three-dimensional stereo model. The method has the advantages of simple data structure, easy operation, similar data acquisition process to the traditional mode, and capability of effectively improving the data acquisition efficiency of the aerial images of the small-format unmanned aerial vehicle.
The basic idea of the invention is as follows: processing such as air-to-three encryption and the like by using the acquired low-altitude unmanned aerial image data according to a conventional digital photogrammetry method, manufacturing a digital elevation model based on an encryption result, and outputting a high-precision image orientation file; generating large scene data in a large scene production system based on the space-time three-dimensional achievement factors, and then realizing the collection of the line-marking ground objects through a continuous seamless three-dimensional model product by relying on a large scene browsing system.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the specific steps of the present invention are as follows:
and S1, preprocessing the data, including processing such as image data format conversion, color mixing and color homogenizing.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
s1a, converting the digital image data format, mainly converting the image format of the digital aerial camera into the general image format of the T IFF.
S1b, the aerial image is affected by other internal and external factors such as acquisition time, external illumination, ground landscape characteristics and the like, and the image color, brightness and the like have certain differences, so that all images need to be subjected to color mixing and color homogenizing treatment to ensure the display effect of a large scene model, and the image contrast is moderate, the layers are rich, and the color tone is uniform.
S1c, resolving the data of the image POS, resolving and acquiring the external orientation element information of the image data at the shooting time by utilizing GNSS ground base station data or precise ephemeris data, and providing initial orientation data for space-time-three-encryption.
And S2, performing space-three encryption processing on the navigation film data, outputting an encrypted precise image exterior orientation element file, and producing a digital elevation model element according to an encryption result.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
s2a, performing space-three encryption in the digital photogrammetry workstation by using the basic image data, the initial image exterior orientation element file and the image control result; due to the reasons of poor image posture, small image amplitude and the like of low-altitude unmanned aerial data, a special air-three encryption method for low-altitude unmanned aerial photography is needed, and the used digital camera also has accurate camera distortion parameters.
And S2b, outputting the encrypted precise image exterior orientation element file and the encrypted camera file, converting the files into an ISAT (inverse transformation independent transform) space-three encrypted file format, and outputting data after distortion correction by the image.
And S2c, producing a digital elevation model result on the digital photogrammetry workstation, editing the digital elevation model, and outputting a digital elevation model product in an ASCI I format. The influence of the digital elevation model on the accuracy of the large scene model is firstly shown as the influence on the accuracy of the model, and is also shown as an image of the visual effect of the image. According to the principle of coordinate calculation of the large scene model, the influence of rough pixel sampling precision on the precision of the model on the product is small, and according to actual production experience, the resolution of the digital elevation model for constructing the large scene model product is preferably 50 times of the resolution of an image. In addition, in order to ensure the stereoscopic vision effect of a large scene, the elevation precision of ground points in a building area needs to be ensured, and the ground points are prevented from being positioned at the top of the building, so that the ground objects are prevented from being deformed due to the corrected projection difference.
And S3, producing a large scene model, and generating a large scene model product in a large scene production system based on the camera file, the accurate image exterior orientation element file, the digital elevation model data and the like.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
s3a, newly building a model production project in the large scene production system; and (3) producing basic element settings according to the large scene data, and sequentially importing a camera file, an encrypted accurate image exterior orientation element file, digital elevation model data and distortion corrected image data.
And S3b, performing single-chip correction of the aerial photo based on the data.
And S3c, carrying out mosaic on the image based on the corrected orthographic single sheet to generate mosaic splicing lines. And editing the mosaic splicing lines according to the image ground feature. The mosaic border line is another important factor influencing the display effect of the model, and the mosaic border line needs to avoid objects with height, such as buildings, trees and the like, and is suitable for selecting flat areas, such as the center of a road, flat ground and the like.
And S3d, producing large scene model products based on the files and performing quality inspection. And checking the display effect of the model product, if the ground object is deformed or misplaced, correcting the digital elevation and inlaying and splicing lines, and then carrying out the production again.
And S4, the collection of the line-drawing ground objects is realized by the interconnection of the large scene browsing system and the drawing system.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
and S4a, opening the large scene model data in the large scene browsing system.
And S4b, opening the drawing system and realizing interconnection with the large scene browsing system.
And S4c, performing layered coding of different terrains and ground features according to the coding requirements of basic elements of the line-drawing topographic map, acquiring information in a three-dimensional large-scene environment through a three-dimensional mouse or a traditional acquisition mode such as a hand wheel and a foot disc according to the acquisition requirements of digital photogrammetric elements, and synchronously displaying related results in a two-dimensional drawing system environment.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the large scene production system can be a StereoMaker large scene production system; the large scene browsing system can be an ImageStereoSeit large scene browsing system; the drawing system can be an AutoCAD drawing system. Computer hardware relied on by the system comprises an NVI D IAQuadro display card, Quadro 3D Vi ion stereo glasses and a 3D display with the refresh rate more than 120 Hz.
The invention provides a method for making a line-drawing topographic map of low-altitude unmanned aerial survey data, and provides a brand-new photogrammetric remote sensing mapping technical means for low-altitude unmanned aerial survey making. Compared with the traditional aerial survey drawing method, the method breaks through the limitation of a single image on the range of the three-dimensional model, and realizes the efficient collection of the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey data line topographic map by using the high-precision, multi-scale and continuous seamless true three-dimensional model.
The technical method is applied to unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey drawing work of projects such as Bao chicken to middle defense railway, Shanghan Jiwei engineering, Lanzhou to cooperative railway and the like, the dilemma that the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey data is small in picture and low in acquisition efficiency caused by poor posture is well solved, a brand new data acquisition means is provided for unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey drawing, and the method plays a positive role in shortening the production period and improving the working efficiency.
The invention breaks through the limitation of single image pair stereo range of aerial photograph data in the traditional photogrammetric remote sensing, realizes the high-efficiency acquisition of the line-drawing topographic map of the high-precision, multi-scale, continuous seamless three-dimensional large-scene model environment, has independent software platform, simple data structure, similar acquisition process to the traditional method, is easy to operate, is particularly suitable for the aerial photograph data acquisition of the small-frame unmanned aerial vehicle, and can effectively improve the working efficiency.
The present invention has been described in terms of specific examples, which are provided to aid understanding of the invention and are not intended to be limiting. Any partial modification or replacement within the technical scope of the present disclosure by a person skilled in the art should be included in the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (6)
1. A method for manufacturing a line-drawing topographic map of low-altitude unmanned aerial survey data is characterized in that a digital aerial camera of an unmanned aerial vehicle is used for acquiring low-altitude aerial image data, aerial three-encryption processing is carried out according to a digital photogrammetry method, a digital elevation model is manufactured based on encryption results, and a high-precision image orientation file is output; generating large scene data based on the space-time three-dimensional effect elements, and finally realizing the acquisition of the line-marking ground objects through a continuous and seamless three-dimensional model product.
2. The method for making the line-drawing topographic map of the low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey data according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preprocessing data;
s2, performing space-three encryption processing on the navigation film data, outputting an encrypted accurate image exterior orientation element file, and producing a digital elevation model element according to an encryption result;
s3, producing a large scene model, and generating a model product in a large scene production system based on the camera file, the accurate image exterior orientation element file and the digital elevation model data;
and S4, the large scene browsing system is interconnected with the drawing system to realize the collection of the line-drawing ground feature information.
3. The method for making the line-and-dash topographic map of the low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey data according to claim 2, wherein the step S1 specifically comprises:
s1a, converting the digital image data format, converting the image format of the digital aerial camera into TIFF image format;
s1b, performing color mixing treatment on the images to ensure that the images have moderate contrast and rich layers and can be subjected to color homogenizing treatment in one step;
and S1c, resolving the data of the image POS, acquiring the external orientation element information at the image shooting time, and providing initial orientation data for space-time-three-encryption.
4. The method for making the line-and-dash topographic map of the low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey data according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the step S2 specifically comprises:
s2a, performing space-three encryption in the digital photogrammetry workstation by using the basic image data, the initial image exterior orientation element file and the image control result;
s2b, outputting the encrypted accurate image exterior orientation element file;
and S2c, producing and editing digital elevation model results on the digital photogrammetry workstation.
5. The method for making the line-and-dash topographic map of the low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey data according to claim 4, wherein the step S3 specifically comprises:
s3a, newly building a model production project in the large scene production system; according to the basic element setting of large scene data production, a camera file, an encrypted image exterior orientation element file, digital elevation model data and image data after distortion correction are sequentially imported;
s3b, carrying out single-chip correction of the aerial photo based on the data;
s3c, mosaicing the image based on the corrected orthographic single sheet, generating mosaic splicing lines and editing the mosaic splicing lines;
and S3e, finally generating a large scene model product based on the files.
6. The method for making the line-and-dash topographic map of the low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey data according to claim 5, wherein the step S4 specifically comprises:
s4a, opening large scene model data in the large scene browsing system;
s4b, opening a drawing system, and realizing interconnection with a large scene production system;
and S4c, acquiring the terrain and ground feature information of the line drawing in a three-dimensional environment by adopting a three-dimensional mouse or hand wheel and foot disc acquisition mode according to the encoding requirement of the basic elements of the terrain and ground feature drawing.
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