CN111948716B - Method for calculating submarine water channel depth by using seismic data - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for calculating the depth of a submarine waterway by using seismic data, which comprises the following steps: step S101, identifying water channel sediments in a modern loose sediment layer of the seabed by utilizing seismic data; step S102, measuring parameters of depth, width and curvature of a water channel in a modern loose sediment layer on the seabed; step S103, combining the curvature obtained in the step S102 with a water channel sediment in modern sediment, segmenting a water channel, fitting the relation between the curvature of each segment of water channel and the aspect ratio, and establishing an empirical formula; step S104 is to obtain the plane parameters of the water channel of the target layer, and calculate the vertical depth of the water channel of the target layer in the deposition period by using the empirical formula obtained in step S103. The method can solve the problem that the depth of the submarine water channel and the original thickness of the sedimentary deposit are difficult to calculate in the seismic data, and provides a basis for quantitative description of the original thickness of the sediment of the water channel and the spatial distribution of the sand body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of submarine exploration, in particular to a method for calculating submarine water channel depth by using seismic data.
Background
In the oil and gas exploration process, a reservoir is one of the necessary static elements of oil and gas reservoir. The sand bodies distributed in the submarine water channel are close to the deep water deposited shale, the overlying strata after the water channel is abandoned are also the deep water shale, and the sand bodies can form good raw-storage-cover combination with surrounding shale strata. After the sediment is buried to a certain depth, the deep sea shale can generate oil gas, and the oil gas enters the water channel sand body through migration and is shielded by the overlying shale cover layer, so that good oil gas storage conditions are achieved. Therefore, the submarine water channel sand body is the most important component for forming the oil and gas reservoirs, describes the morphological characteristics of the submarine water channel, can evaluate the spatial distribution form of the reservoir in oil and gas exploration, and lays a foundation for reservoir scale and oil and gas reservoir reserve calculation.
However, hydrocarbon exploration purposes typically have a large depth of burial, and after the organic matter in the shale surrounding the water course sand is mature and hydrocarbon is produced, the sand may be filled with hydrocarbon and become the drilling target. The water channel sand body is subjected to continuous compaction under the influence of the gravity of the overlying strata in the burying process, and the thickness of the water channel sand body is continuously thinned. In the seismic data, plane geometrical parameters such as the curvature, the width and the like of the deep-buried submarine waterway can still be obtained, and the vertical sewer sand body is compacted and thinned, so that the stratum seismic wave propagation speed after consolidation into rock is increased. Therefore, under the condition of a certain earthquake resolution, the original depth of the submarine paleo-water channel is difficult to determine, and the thickness of the vertical sewer sand reservoir cannot be determined.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method for quantitatively describing the shape of the submarine waterway by utilizing seismic data, which can provide a basis for quantitatively describing the spatial shape of the submarine waterway and the sand body of a reservoir.
The technical scheme for realizing the invention is as follows:
a method for calculating a depth of a subsea waterway using seismic data, comprising the steps of:
step S101, identifying water channel sediments in a modern loose sediment layer of the seabed by utilizing seismic data;
step S102, measuring parameters of depth, width and curvature of a water channel in a modern loose sediment layer on the seabed;
step S103, combining the curvature obtained in the step S102 with a water channel sediment in modern sediment, segmenting a water channel, fitting the relation between the curvature of each segment of water channel and the aspect ratio, and establishing an empirical formula;
step S104 is to obtain the plane parameters of the water channel of the target layer, and calculate the vertical depth of the water channel of the target layer in the deposition period by using the empirical formula obtained in step S103.
In step S101, the reflection axis between the submarine sediment and the sea water is tracked by using the difference of the submarine waterway and the submarine shale seismic reflection in PETREL seismic interpretation software by using 10×10 grid density, and coherent body attributes are extracted after interpolation according to the grid density of 1×1, so as to obtain a coherent attribute plan of sediment interface, identify the boundary between the current submarine waterway and surrounding deep sea shale sediment, and delineate the plane morphology of the current submarine waterway.
The parameter measurement method in step S102 is as follows: and (3) calculating the submarine waterway units according to the middle position of the wave crest and the wave trough of the river in the direction of fluid movement in the water channel by using the coherence attribute plan obtained in the step (S101), wherein the middle point position of the wave crest and the wave trough conversion of the bent waterway is used as the limit of the statistical unit, and the relatively straight section of the waterway is divided into a statistical unit according to the real flowing distance of 500 m.
And reading the ratio of the real flowing distance TD/m of the water channel to the linear distance SD/m between the starting point and the ending point of the water channel according to a distance measuring function in PETREL earthquake interpretation software, and calculating the curvature S of the water channel according to a formula S=TD/SD.
And (3) cutting an earthquake section perpendicular to the axis of the water channel at the end point of the water channel statistics unit, and reading the horizontal distance between the apexes of the natural dykes at the left side and the right side to obtain the width W/m of the submarine water channel.
In the seismic section, the seismic reflection time T of the top of the natural dike at the lower side is read by comparing the heights of the natural dikes at the two sides of the submarine waterway Top Bottom reflection time T of submarine waterway Bottom The propagation speed of the seawater seismic wave takes a value of 1500m/s, and the method is as follows: d=0.5 x (T Bottom -T Top ）*1500*10 -3 And calculating the depth of the submarine waterway.
Dividing river segments by combining the curvature data calculated in the step S102 with modern sediment characteristics of the submarine waterways, dividing the waterways with the curvature of 1.0-1.2 into undercut valley segments, dividing the waterways with the curvature of 1.2-1.5 into sandstone sediment segments, and dividing the waterways with the curvature of more than 1.5 into silty mudstone sediment segments; and (3) taking the curvature S of the water channel as an ordinate and the ratio of the width to the depth as an abscissa, projecting the scatter data of the submarine water channels with different statistical units obtained by statistics in the step S102 into a coordinate system for fitting, establishing the relation between the curvature and the width-depth ratio of different water channel segments, and establishing an empirical formula:
cutting off river valley sections: s= 1.1077 (W/D) 0.0218 （1≤S＜1.2）；
Sandstone deposition section: s= 1.7714 (W/D) -0.076 （1.2≤S＜1.5）；
Silty mud rock deposition section: s= 9.8767 (W/D) -0.519 （1.5≤S）。
The method comprises the steps of taking a submarine water channel in modern sedimentation as a statistical object, establishing an empirical formula between the curvature and the width-depth ratio of the water channel according to the methods of S101, S102 and S103, obtaining curvature and width data of a target layer of water channel by using seismic data, then taking the data into the relational expression, and obtaining the depth corresponding to the sedimentation period of the target layer of water channel.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention can be applied to the oil field exploration process, provides quantitative description and pre-drilling prediction technology of the submarine waterway sand body reservoir, reduces the drilling risk of the type of oil and gas reservoir, and provides an evaluation basis for conventional oil and gas reservoir prediction corresponding to the type of sediment.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a quantitative description method for the form of a submarine waterway according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a representation of a modern sediment ocean bottom waterway seismic reflection signature in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of coherence properties of a modern sedimentary subsea waterway in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 illustrates the principle of modern sediment submarine water channel segmentation and curvature calculation according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 shows the submarine waterway width and depth calculation principle according to the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph of the curvature-to-width-depth ratio relationship of a modern sediment ocean bottom waterway in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 illustrates a destination-layer waterway coherent body and a calculation unit division according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described with respect to a water channel depth calculation process in the vicinity of the sea floor Liu Po of the new zealand taraaki basin.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a submarine waterway depth calculation method according to an embodiment of the present invention, including the following steps:
step S101, identifying water channel sediments in a modern loose sedimentary layer of the seabed by utilizing seismic data, wherein the specific process is as follows:
the method comprises the steps of utilizing PETREL seismic interpretation software to interpret according to 10 multiplied by 10 grid density submarine sediment and water channel ground, tracking a strong reflection interface between seawater and bottom sediment, and determining the top positions of natural dykes at two sides of a submarine water channel, the lateral boundaries of the water channel and the bottom positions on a seismic section. And extracting coherent attributes of the interpretation data after interpolation according to the grid density of 1 multiplied by 1 to obtain a coherent attribute plane diagram of a sediment interface, identifying the boundary between the current submarine waterway and surrounding deep sea muddy sediment, and describing the plane form of the current submarine waterway.
Step S102, measuring parameters such as depth, width, curvature and the like of a water channel in a modern loose sediment layer on the seabed;
and (3) dividing a statistical unit by using the coherence attribute plan obtained in the step (S101) along the direction of fluid movement in the water channel according to the actual flowing distance of 500m of the straight section of the water channel at the middle position of the wave crest and the wave trough of the river in the bending form.
Reading the ratio of the real flowing distance (TD/m) of the water channel to the linear distance (SD/m) between the starting point and the ending point of the water channel according to a distance measuring function in PETREL earthquake interpretation software, and calculating the curvature (S) of the water channel according to a formula S=TD/SD;
cutting an earthquake section perpendicular to the axis of the waterway at the end point of the waterway statistics unit, and reading the horizontal distance between the apexes of the natural dykes at the left side and the right side to obtain the width (W/m) of the submarine waterway;
reading the lower native top time (T) of a shore in a seismic section compared to the native dike height of both sides of the water course Top ) Bottom time of water course (T) Bottom ) Calculating the water channel top and bottom time difference, wherein the propagation speed of the seismic wave of the seawater is 1500m/s, and the seismic wave propagation speed of the seawater is 1500m/s, according to the formula D=0.5 (T Bottom -T Top ）*1500*10 -3 And calculating the vertical depth of the water channel.
Step S103, combining the curvature obtained in the step S102 with lithology and sediment characteristics of water channel sediment in modern sediment, segmenting a water channel, fitting the relation between the curvature of each segment of water channel and the aspect ratio, and establishing an empirical formula;
dividing the water channel section with the curvature (S) distributed between 1.0 and 1.2 into undercut valley sections, dividing the water channel section with the value between 1.2 and 1.5 into sandstone sediment sections and dividing the water channel section with the value greater than 1.5 into silty mud rock sediment sections by combining the curvature data calculated in the step S102 with the modern sediment characteristics of the submarine water channel. And (3) taking the curvature of the water channel as an ordinate and the ratio of the width to the depth as an abscissa, projecting the scatter data of the submarine water channels with different statistical units obtained by statistics in the step (S102) into a coordinate system for fitting, and establishing a relational expression between the curvature of different water channel segments and the ratio of the width to the depth:
cutting off river valley sections: s= 1.1077 (W/D) 0.0218 （1≤S＜1.2）
Sandstone deposition section: s= 1.7714 (W/D) -0.076 （1.2≤S＜1.5）
Silty mud rock deposition section: s= 9.8767 (W/D) -0.519 （1.5≤S）。
Step S104, obtaining plane parameters such as curvature, width and the like of the water channel of the target layer, selecting an empirical formula obtained in step S103 according to the curvature, and calculating the vertical depth of the water channel of the target layer in the deposition period.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a seismic reflection signature of a modern sediment ocean bottom waterway in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The submarine waterways in modern sediments have obvious differences from the seismic reflection characteristics of deep sedimentary mudstones. In the seismic section, because the propagation speed of the seismic waves in the sea water, the sea water density and the submarine sediments are obviously different, the impedance difference between the upper wave and the lower wave of the interface between the sea water and the sediments is large, so that the strong reflection energy of the seismic waves at the interface is strong, the amplitude is strong, and the tracking of the same phase axis in the seismic interpretation process is easy. The mudstone layer deposited on the ocean floor is less influenced by factors such as construction activities, object sources and the like, the same phase axis is in a horizontal state and wave groups are distributed in parallel, the same phase axis of the development position of the ocean floor water channel is in obvious downward protrusion, the boundaries on two sides of the water channel are obliquely intersected with the reflection wave groups of the ocean floor shale interface, and the ocean floor shale deposition and the water channel deposition can be distinguished according to the difference of the seismic reflection characteristics.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of coherence properties of a modern sedimentary submarine waterway according to an embodiment of the invention, and is drawn by the following method: by utilizing PETREL seismic interpretation software, a seismic data volume is interpreted according to the wave group reflection characteristics and the 10 multiplied by 10 grid density, the interpretation data is interpolated according to the grid density of 1 multiplied by 1, and then the coherence attribute is extracted, so that a coherence attribute plan view of a sediment interface can be obtained, the boundary between a submarine water channel in modern sediment and surrounding deep sea muddy sediment can be obviously identified, and the plane form of the submarine water channel nowadays can be delineated.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a modern sedimentary submarine pipeline segment and curvature calculation according to an embodiment of the invention. The calculation of the channel parameters identified in the submarine channel coherence attribute plan is illustrated by taking the division of a submarine channel local statistical unit of the Taranaki basin as an example. The position of fig. 4 is marked in fig. 3, when the channel parameter statistical unit divides the direction of fluid movement in the water channel, the channel straight section is arranged at the middle position of the wave crest and the wave trough according to the river bending form, in order to avoid overlong statistical unit, the statistical unit end point is arranged at the position of the real flowing distance of 500m from the starting point, the channel bending statistical unit calculated by the method can ensure that the inside of the unit at most comprises one bending section, the length of the unit is less than 500m, and the target channel in fig. 3 can be divided into 39 statistical units according to the principle.
After the unit division is completed, parameters such as the curvature, the width and the like of the water channel can be calculated by unit division. The PETREL earthquake interpretation software can directly read the ratio of the real flowing distance (TD/m) of the water channel to the straight line distance (SD/m) between the starting point and the ending point of the water channel, and calculate the curvature (S) of the water channel according to the formula S=TD/SD; and (3) cutting an earthquake section perpendicular to the shaft part of the water channel, and reading the horizontal distance between the apexes of the natural dykes at the left side and the right side, namely the width (W/m) of the submarine water channel. Taking the modern sediment submarine waterway statistical unit 1 as an example, the segment of waterway is relatively straight, the actual flowing distance (TD) is read by PETREL software along the flowing direction of the waterway in a coherent attribute plan view (fig. 2), the segment position just corresponds to the statistical unit 1, the reading straight line distance (SD) is 435.92m, and the bending degree S of the statistical unit can be calculated to be 1.147 according to the formula s=td/SD.
Fig. 5 shows the submarine waterway width and depth calculation principle according to the embodiment of the invention. When the width of the water channel is measured, a section perpendicular to the flow direction of the water channel is selected, and the position of the section is selected at the end point of the unit. The distance between the fixed points of the natural dikes on the two sides of the waterway can be directly read by using the distance measuring function in PETREL software, and the waterway width is 284.32m by taking the statistical unit 1 as an example. When calculating the depth of the water channel, the heights of the natural dykes at two sides of the water channel are compared, and the lower natural top time (T) Top ) Bottom time of water course (T) Bottom ) Calculating the water channel top and bottom time difference, wherein the value is the double-pass reflection time difference, the true depth represents 0.5 times of the time data, the propagation speed of the seismic wave in the seawater is 1500m/s, and the calculation formula of the water channel vertical depth is D=0.5 (T Bottom -T Top ）*1500*10 -3 . Taking a modern sediment submarine water statistical unit 1 (see fig. 3 and 4) as an example, the two-way reflection time of the vertex of the right natural dike is 1767.71ms, the two-way reflection time of the vertex of the left natural dike is 1770.69ms, and the left natural dike is the lower side, so that the unit corresponds to T Top The data is 1770.69ms. Water course bottom data T Bottom Read 1817.55ms in the seismic volume, T will be Top 、T Bottom The data is brought into a formula, canThe depth D of the unit water channel is calculated to be equal to 35.15m, and the corresponding width-depth ratio W/D value is 8.09.
FIG. 6 is a graph of the curvature-width-depth ratio relationship of a modern sedimentary submarine waterway according to an embodiment of the invention, and the empirical formula is established as follows: dividing river segments by combining the curvature data calculated in the step S102 with modern sediment characteristics of the submarine waterways, dividing the waterways with the curvature (S) distributed between 1.0 and 1.2 into undercut valley segments, dividing the waterways with the value between 1.2 and 1.5 into sandstone sediment segments, and dividing the waterways with the value greater than 1.5 into silty mudstone sediment segments. The method described in step S102 sequentially calculates the channel width, channel depth, width-depth ratio, and curvature corresponding to 39 statistical units, takes the channel curvature as ordinate and the width-depth ratio as abscissa, projects the scattered points of 39 units into the coordinate system for fitting, and establishes an empirical formula between the curvature and the width-depth ratio of different channel segments:
cutting off river valley sections: s= 1.1077 (W/D) 0.0218 （1≤S＜1.2）
Sandstone deposition section: s= 1.7714 (W/D) -0.076 （1.2≤S＜1.5）
Silty mud rock deposition section: s= 9.8767 (W/D) -0.519 （1.5≤S）
Fig. 7 illustrates a destination-layer waterway coherent body and a calculation unit division according to an embodiment of the present invention. The depth of the buried target layer is large, the sediment filled in the water channel is compacted, and the thickness of the compacted sediment can not reflect the depth of the water channel in the deposition period, so that the sand body deposition containing space is difficult to be marked. And (3) describing the shape of the water channel of the target layer by utilizing the step S101 (fig. 7), calculating the curvature and the width of the water channel on the plane of the target layer by utilizing the step S102, judging the type of the water channel according to the curvature value, and selecting the corresponding formula established in the step S103, and obtaining the depth corresponding to the deposition period of the water channel of the target layer after bringing the parameters into the formula. Taking the target layer calculating unit 1 as an example, the curvature S of the unit is 2.662, the curvature S is equal to or less than 1.5, the section can be judged to belong to a silty mud rock deposition section according to the step S103, and the calculation formula satisfies S= 9.8767 (W/D) -0.519 . Reading the width W of the water channel in the seismic section corresponding to the unit as 143.73m, and obtaining the curvature S and the widthAnd the value of the degree W is brought into the formula, and the depth D corresponding to the deposition period of the water channel of the target layer can be calculated to be 11.5m.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for calculating a depth of a subsea waterway using seismic data, comprising the steps of:
step S101, identifying water channel sediments in a modern loose sediment layer of the seabed by utilizing seismic data;
step S102, measuring parameters of depth, width and curvature of a water channel in a modern loose sediment layer on the seabed;
step S103, combining the curvature obtained in the step S102 with a water channel sediment in modern sediment, segmenting a water channel, fitting the relation between the curvature of each segment of water channel and the aspect ratio, and establishing an empirical formula; the method comprises the following steps: dividing river segments by combining the curvature data calculated in the step S102 with modern sediment characteristics of the submarine waterways, dividing the waterways with the curvature of more than or equal to 1.0 and less than 1.2 into undercut valley segments, dividing the waterways with the curvature of more than or equal to 1.2 and less than 1.5 into sandstone sediment segments, and dividing the waterways with the curvature of more than or equal to 1.5 into silty mudstone sediment segments; and (3) taking the curvature S of the water channel as an ordinate and the ratio of the width W to the depth D as an abscissa, projecting the scatter data of the submarine water channels of different statistical units obtained by statistics in the step (S102) into a coordinate system for fitting, establishing the relation between the curvature and the width-depth ratio of different water channel segments, and establishing an empirical formula:
cutting off river valley sections: s= 1.1077 (W/D) 0.0218 ，1≤S＜1.2；
Sandstone deposition section: s= 1.7714 (W/D) -0.076 ，1.2≤S＜1.5；
Silty mud rock deposition section: s= 9.8767 (W/D) -0.519 ，1.5≤S；
Step S104 is to obtain the plane parameters of the water channel of the target layer, and calculate the vertical depth of the water channel of the target layer in the deposition period by using the empirical formula obtained in step S103.
2. The method for calculating a depth of a subsea waterway using seismic data of claim 1, wherein: in step S101, the reflection axis between the submarine sediment and the sea water is tracked by using the difference of the submarine waterway and the submarine shale seismic reflection in PETREL seismic interpretation software by using 10×10 grid density, and coherent body attributes are extracted after interpolation according to the grid density of 1×1, so as to obtain a coherent attribute plan of sediment interface, identify the boundary between the current submarine waterway and surrounding deep sea shale sediment, and delineate the plane morphology of the current submarine waterway.
3. The method for calculating a depth of a subsea waterway using seismic data according to claim 1, wherein the parameter measuring method in step S102 is as follows: and (3) calculating the submarine waterway sub-unit by using the coherence attribute plan obtained in the step (S101), taking the midpoint position of the transition between the crest and the trough of the curved waterway as the limit of a statistical unit, and dividing the relatively straight section of the waterway into a statistical unit according to the real flowing distance of 500 m.
4. A method of calculating a subsea waterway depth using seismic data according to claim 3, wherein: and reading the ratio of the real flowing distance TD/m of the water channel to the linear distance SD/m between the starting point and the ending point of the water channel according to a distance measuring function in PETREL earthquake interpretation software, and calculating the curvature S of the water channel according to a formula S=TD/SD.
5. A method of calculating a subsea waterway depth using seismic data according to claim 3, wherein: and (3) cutting an earthquake section perpendicular to the axis of the water channel at the end point of the water channel statistics unit, and reading the horizontal distance between the apexes of the natural dykes at the left side and the right side to obtain the width W/m of the submarine water channel.
6. The method for calculating a depth of a subsea waterway using seismic data of claim 5, wherein: in the seismic section, the heights of natural dykes at two sides of a submarine waterway are compared, and the natural dykes are readLow side natural dyke top seismic reflection time T Top Bottom reflection time T of submarine waterway Bottom The propagation speed of the seawater seismic wave takes a value of 1500m/s, and the method is as follows: d=0.5 x (T Bottom -T Top ）*1500*10 -3 And calculating the depth of the submarine waterway.
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