CN111948605A - Portable noise source detection device integrating involute array and FPGA - Google Patents

Portable noise source detection device integrating involute array and FPGA Download PDF

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CN111948605A
CN111948605A CN202010805017.XA CN202010805017A CN111948605A CN 111948605 A CN111948605 A CN 111948605A CN 202010805017 A CN202010805017 A CN 202010805017A CN 111948605 A CN111948605 A CN 111948605A
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noise source
detection device
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CN111948605B (en
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吴海军
潘行健
李子赫
蒋伟康
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/18—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using ultrasonic, sonic, or infrasonic waves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/18—Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/18—Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast
    • H04N7/181—Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast for receiving images from a plurality of remote sources

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Abstract

A portable noise source detection device fusing an involute array and an FPGA comprises: front panel, chassis, microphone array, camera, FPGA processing module, display screen, can dismantle handle and location tripod, wherein: front panel, microphone array, chassis are fixed connection in proper order, and the camera is fixed to be set up inside the front panel, and FPGA processing module is fixed to be set up inside the chassis, and display screen and two can dismantle the handle and fix and set up in the chassis rear end, chassis and tripod fixed connection. The microphone array configuration is obtained based on an algorithm with high positioning precision and strong robustness, and the sound source positioning technology and the visual display technology are combined, so that the real-time display of the sound source point position in a camera picture can be realized, the visual monitoring of sound source positions of different scenes is completed, and the microphone array configuration has portability, light weight and high environmental adaptability.

Description

Portable noise source detection device integrating involute array and FPGA
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of microphone arrays and a beam forming super-resolution high-precision processing technology, in particular to a portable noise source detection device integrating an involute array and an FPGA (field programmable gate array) parallel processor.
Background
The sound source positioning technology is matched with the visual display technology to complete the real-time display of the sound source point position, and sound events are displayed completely and clearly. The application field of the noise source detection device is very wide. For example, the detection and localization of machine noise in large plants; detecting abnormal noise in a vehicle and a room; snapping the whistle of vehicles on the roads in the urban area; cough detection in public under the background of novel coronavirus epidemic situations, and the like.
However, the prior art has the following disadvantages: a single sound source positioning technology can provide higher positioning precision by matching with a corresponding microphone array, but when the sound source positioning technology and the visual display technology are fused in the noise source detection device, the noise source detection device is difficult to give consideration to the positioning precision and the portability due to the limitation of the size of the microphone array and space operation resources, and adapts to different measurement scenes. When a sound source is positioned and imaged by using super-resolution algorithms such as DAMAS (digital addressable mobile mass spectrometry) and the like, a point diffusion function matrix needs to be subjected to reverse iterative solution, the number of array microphones is often far smaller than that of virtual sound sources on a scanning surface, the point diffusion function matrix is generally extremely high in condition number and has strong undercharacterization and ill-conditioned properties, and errors in reverse solution of the matrix can be amplified, so that estimation errors of the position and the intensity of the sound source are caused. The traditional array design does not consider the super-resolution imaging requirement and the influence of the distribution of microphones on the ill-conditioned property of a point spread function matrix, so that the problems of super-resolution positioning and low imaging precision are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a portable noise source detection device integrating an involute array and an FPGA (field programmable gate array), designs a spiral line array, integrates an FPGA processing module with high-efficiency parallel computation and low power consumption, and develops a portable noise source measurement device. The system device has high-precision sound source positioning performance and a visual display technology, can realize real-time display of sound source point positions in a camera picture, completes visual monitoring of sound source positions of different scenes, and has low power consumption, portability, light weight and higher environmental adaptability.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a portable noise source detection device integrating an involute array and an FPGA (field programmable gate array), which comprises: front panel, chassis, microphone array, camera, FPGA processing module, display screen, can dismantle handle and location tripod, wherein: front panel, microphone array, chassis are fixed connection in proper order, and the camera is fixed to be set up inside the front panel, and FPGA processing module is fixed to be set up inside the chassis, and display screen and two can dismantle the handle and fix and set up in the chassis rear end, chassis and tripod fixed connection.
The microphones in the microphone array are arranged in the range of 4cm of the diameter of a logarithmic spiral line with the center of the array as the origin at equal intervals, the condition number of a point spread function matrix is taken as an objective function in the optimization design process, and the positions of the microphones in the array are locally optimized by adopting a Subspace confidence domain Method (Subspace trust-region) of an internal mapping Newton Method (Interior-reflex Newton Method).
The subspace confidence domain method of the internal mapping Newton method is realized by adopting an MATLAB function fmincon, which belongs to the problem of constrained nonlinear minimization, and the function realization comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, setting parameters to be optimized as positions of all channels of a microphone array, and setting a minimized objective function as a condition number of a point spread function matrix.
And secondly, setting initial values of parameters to be optimized as discrete points of the logarithmic spiral at equal intervals, wherein the constraint range is within a circle with the diameter of 4cm on the plane of the logarithmic spiral and taking the initial position as the center of the circle.
And thirdly, optimizing the convergence condition that the mean square error of the two optimization results is lower than 0.001.
The polar coordinate of the logarithmic spiral is expressed as r (theta) ═ r0ecot(ν)θWherein: r is0The radial distance from the microphone to the center of the array is theta, theta is a circumferential angle, v is a constant, and v is pi/3.
The elements in the point spread function matrix are
Figure BDA0002628797500000021
Wherein: m is0For the number of array microphones, the cross-spectrum matrix of the array signals
Figure BDA0002628797500000022
enFor vector guidance, the mth element of the vector satisfies
Figure BDA0002628797500000023
rmFor the distance of the scanning point to the m-th microphone, rcFor scanning the distance of the spot to the center of the array, τmIs the travel time from the scanning spot to the m-th microphone.
The condition number of the point spread function matrix is cond (A)nn’)＝||Ann’||·||Ann’ -1||。
Technical effects
According to the invention, through microphone array configuration design, PCB wiring design and layout design of each component, the high-efficiency parallel processing capability of the FPGA, the sound source positioning technology and the visual display technology are utilized, the real-time visual detection of the position of the noise source is realized under different measurement scenes, and meanwhile, the measuring device has portability, light weight and higher environmental adaptability.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the involute microphone array configuration consisting of thirty-six microphones with excellent performances of high positioning precision, strong robustness and the like is realized; designing a microphone array PCB integrated with wiring; the portable noise source measuring device supports a handheld mode and a tripod support mode.
The invention integrates a signal acquisition system based on FPGA, a space noise source positioning algorithm and a space sound source visual display technology, can realize real-time display of the sound source point position in a camera picture, adopts a 5V power supply for power supply, and has low energy consumption, accurate positioning and good real-time property.
The condition number of the point spread function matrix after the position optimization of the microphone is from 104Reduced in magnitude to 101The magnitude and the ill-conditioned are greatly weakened, the inverse matrix solving precision is correspondingly improved, and the method is suitable for lower signal-to-noise ratio under the same precisionThe operating conditions of (1).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a portable noise source measuring device;
in the figure: the device comprises a front panel 1, a chassis 2, a microphone array 3, a camera 4, an FPGA processing module 5, a display screen 6, a detachable handle 7 and a positioning tripod 8;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of an involute microphone array design;
FIG. 3 is an involute array beam pattern;
in the figure: a is an involute array element position diagram, b is an involute array directivity pattern, and c is an involute array three-dimensional beam diagram.
FIG. 4 is a microphone array circuit board wiring diagram;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a microphone array circuit board;
in the figure: a is the microphone side of the microphone array circuit board, and b is the interface side of the microphone array circuit board;
FIG. 6 is a front panel part view of a casing of the noise source detecting device;
FIG. 7 is a view of a chassis part of a casing of the noise source detecting device;
FIG. 8 is a rendering of a three-dimensional model of a noise source detection device;
in the figure: a is a front effect graph of the noise source detection device, b is a side effect graph of the noise source detection device, and c is a back effect graph of the noise source detection device;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a prototype of the noise source detection apparatus;
in the figure: a is a front hand-held effect picture of the prototype machine of the noise source detection device, b is a back hand-held effect picture of the prototype machine of the noise source detection device, and c is a tripod support effect picture of the prototype machine of the noise source detection device.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment relates to a portable noise source measuring device based on FPGA, which includes: the device comprises a front panel 1, a chassis 2, a microphone array 3, a camera 4, an FPGA processing module 5, a display screen 6, a detachable handle 7 and a positioning tripod 8.
According to the point spread function matrix theory, the microphone array 3 which is optimally designed comprises: thirty-six digital MEMS microphones are configured into 6 involute arrays containing 6 microphones, the diameter of the innermost circle is 101.49mm, the diameter of the outermost circle is 329.38mm, the diameter of the second circle is 1.5 times of the diameter of the first circle, namely 152.23mm, the diameter of the fourth circle is 2.5 times of the diameter of the first circle, namely 253.71mm, and the diameters of the third circle, the fifth circle and the sixth circle are 216.39mm, 291.91mm and 329.38mm respectively according to parameter adjustment of main lobe width, sidelobe level and the like of a three-dimensional beam pattern of the array.
In this embodiment, be equipped with the interval in order to suitably increase array effective aperture between two rings of arrays and the outer four rings of arrays in, guaranteed the rationality of minimum array element interval again, specifically do: the second circle and the third circle are spaced at the maximum, preferably 32.08mm, and the third circle and the outermost circle are spaced at the same interval, preferably 19mm, between every two layers of arrays.
And simultaneously, simulating the designed microphone array to obtain a three-dimensional beam pattern of the involute array. As can be seen from fig. 2, the array has a narrow main lobe width and small side lobe levels, and is excellent in performance.
The circuit board of microphone array 3 derive the acoustic signal that 36 way MEMS microphones produced respectively and with thirty six MEMS microphone's power pin, ground wire pin, clock pin and sound track select the pin integration to gather, realize the inside optimization of walking the line of machine, festival wiring space reduces the line degree of difficulty, this circuit board is four-layer plate structure, specifically includes: the top layer finishes routing of the signal line DOUT, the second layer of power line VDD finishes gathering of power lines through copper-clad processing, the third layer of ground line GND finishes gathering of ground lines through copper-clad processing, and the bottom layer finishes routing of the clock line CLK and the sound channel selection line LR.
The layout and wiring of the top layer, namely the arrangement method of the signal lines DOUT specifically comprises the following steps: the width of the signal line at the pad is 10 mils, then the width is increased to 12 mils, the wiring length is as short as possible, meanwhile, the signal line is prevented from being parallel as possible, the minimum distance of the wiring is larger than 20 mils, the distance of the wiring from the edge of the board is larger than 20 mils, the distance from the pad is larger than 16 mils, the distance from the via hole is larger than 8 mils, crosstalk interference can be generated when the length of the parallel wiring exceeds 10cm, the distance between the line and the line is required to be pulled open as far as possible, and the parallel line distance can be ensured to exceed 100 mils under the general condition of the microphone array circuit board.
The layout and wiring of the bottom layer, namely the arrangement method of the clock line CLK and the sound channel selection line LR, is specifically as follows: the six-wiring method is adopted to follow the involute configuration of the microphone array, six involute sub-networks are divided into six groups according to six involute, six clock lines CLK are conducted in an inner ring, six sound channel selection lines LR are conducted in an outer ring, actual levels obtained by the microphones are judged to be relatively average according to current flow direction, the six-wiring method has high symmetry and excellent performance, the width of the clock lines and the width of the sound channel selection lines at a bonding pad are 10 mils, and then the width of the clock lines and the width of the sound channel selection lines are increased to 12 mils.
Second and third layer routing methods:
the two middle layers of plates are respectively a VDD power supply collecting layer and a GND ground wire collecting layer, the planar copper covering treatment is directly adopted, the routing is thickened to 20 mils at the through hole, and the copper covering mode of the hot welding pad adopts orthogonality.
The front panel 1 is a circular panel with the thickness of 1mm, the diameter size is 400mm, a 9mm circular ring protrudes from the 350mm-400mm area, thirty-six sound receiving holes with the diameter of 8mm are correspondingly formed in the front panel according to the position of a microphone in a microphone array, four positioning holes and two camera circular holes of a camera are hollowed in the center of the panel and are embedded into the panel, four M6 screw positioning holes are formed in the edge of the panel and are reserved for integral assembly, and all the positioning holes are subjected to medium assembly.
The front end of the chassis 2 is in butt joint with a front Panel by adopting a circular ring area with the thickness of 5mm and the diameter of 350mm-400mm, four M6 screw positioning holes are reserved at the edge of the Panel for integral assembly, the size diameter of the rear end is 360mm, four positioning holes of an FPGA processing module are drilled, four positioning holes of a display screen are formed, four positioning holes of two detachable handles are dug into round holes of USB and HDMI data lines, twelve round heat dissipation positioning holes are drilled out from the side faces, heat dissipation of a machine body is realized, and all the positioning holes are in medium assembly.
The front panel and the chassis are made of ABS engineering plastics or nylon materials.
Compared with a planar grid array, the main lobe width and the maximum side lobe level of the microphone array are greatly reduced, fewer microphone node resources are adopted, and a beam pattern of the microphone array has an excellent directional pattern.
Through specific practical experiment, under the indoor and outdoor open scene in laboratory, under handheld and tripod support two kinds of states, this noise source detection device of operation can show the noise source position in the camera picture on the display screen in real time.
Compared with the prior art, the device has the advantages that the microphone array configuration is optimized, the microphone array PCB wiring is optimized, the detection precision and efficiency are improved, and the portability and the environmental adaptability of the device are improved.
The foregoing detailed description may be modified in various ways by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, which is limited only by the claims and not by the foregoing detailed description, within the scope of which various implementations are encompassed by the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A portable noise source detection device fusing an involute array and an FPGA (field programmable gate array), is characterized by comprising: front panel, chassis, microphone array, camera, FPGA processing module, display screen, can dismantle handle and location tripod, wherein: the front panel, the microphone array and the chassis are fixedly connected in sequence, the camera is fixedly arranged in the front panel, the FPGA processing module is fixedly arranged in the chassis, the display screen and the two detachable handles are fixedly arranged at the rear end of the chassis, and the chassis is fixedly connected with the tripod;
the microphones in the microphone array are arranged in the range of 4cm in diameter of a logarithmic spiral line with the center of the array as an origin at equal intervals, the condition number of a point spread function matrix is taken as a target function in the optimization design process, and the positions of the microphones in the array are locally optimized by adopting a subspace confidence domain method of an internal mapping Newton method.
2. The portable noise source detection device according to claim 1, wherein the subspace confidence domain method of the interior mapping newton's method is implemented by using MATLAB function fmincon, which belongs to the constrained nonlinear minimization problem, and the specific steps of the function implementation are as follows:
firstly, setting parameters to be optimized as positions of all channels of a microphone array, and setting a minimized objective function as a condition number of a point spread function matrix;
setting initial values of parameters to be optimized as discrete points of log spiral at equal intervals, wherein the constraint range is within a circle with the diameter of 4cm on the plane of the log spiral and taking the initial position as the center of the circle;
and thirdly, optimizing the convergence condition that the mean square error of the two optimization results is lower than 0.001.
3. The portable noise source detection device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the polar coordinate of the logarithmic spiral is represented as r (θ) r0ecot(v)θWherein: r is0And theta is the radial distance from the microphone to the center of the array, theta is a circumferential angle, and nu is a constant.
4. A portable noise source detection device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the elements of said point spread function matrix are
Figure FDA0002628797490000011
Wherein: m is0For the number of array microphones, the cross-spectrum matrix of the array signals
Figure FDA0002628797490000012
Figure FDA0002628797490000013
enFor vector guidance, the mth element of the vector satisfies
Figure FDA0002628797490000014
Figure FDA0002628797490000015
rmTo scan a point to the firstDistance of m microphones, rcFor scanning the distance of the spot to the center of the array, τmThe travel time from the scanning point to the m microphone;
the condition number of the point spread function matrix is cond (A)nn′)＝||Ann′||·||Ann′ -1||。
5. The portable noise source detection device of claim 1, wherein said microphone array comprises: the three-dimensional array comprises thirty-six digital MEMS microphones, the configuration is 6 involute arrays comprising 6 microphones, the diameter of the innermost circle is 101.49mm, the diameter of the outermost circle is 329.38mm, the diameter of the second circle is 1.5 times of the diameter of the first circle, namely 152.23mm, the diameter of the fourth circle is 2.5 times of the diameter of the first circle, namely 253.71mm, and the diameters of the third circle, the fifth circle and the sixth circle are 216.39mm, 291.91mm and 329.38mm respectively according to parameter adjustment of main lobe width, sidelobe level and the like of the three-dimensional beam pattern of the array.
6. The portable noise source detection device of claim 5, wherein the second turn and the third turn arrays are spaced apart by 32.08mm, and the third turn and the outermost turn are spaced apart by 19 mm.
7. The portable noise source detection device according to claim 1, wherein the circuit board of the microphone array derives the acoustic signals generated by the 36 MEMS microphones respectively and integrates and collects thirty-six power supply pins, ground pins, clock pins and sound channel selection pins of the MEMS microphones, and the circuit board has a four-layer board structure, and specifically includes: the top layer finishes routing of the signal line DOUT, the second layer of power line VDD finishes gathering of power lines through copper-clad processing, the third layer of ground line GND finishes gathering of ground lines through copper-clad processing, and the bottom layer finishes routing of the clock line CLK and the sound channel selection line LR.
8. The portable noise source detection device according to claim 7, wherein the layout of the top layer, i.e. the signal line DOUT, is arranged by a method specifically comprising: the width of the signal line at the position of the bonding pad is 10 mils, then the width is increased to 12 mils, the wiring length is as short as possible, meanwhile, the signal line is prevented from being parallel as much as possible, the minimum distance of the wiring is larger than 20 mils, the distance of the wiring from the edge of the board is larger than 20 mils, the distance from the bonding pad to the bonding pad is larger than 16 mils, the distance from the via hole to the via hole is larger than 8 mils, crosstalk interference can be generated when the length of the parallel wiring exceeds 10cm, the distance between the line and the line is required to be pulled open as far as possible, and the parallel line distance can be ensured to exceed 100 mils under.
9. The portable noise source detection device according to claim 7, wherein the layout and routing of the bottom layer, i.e. the arrangement method of the clock line CLK and the channel selection line LR, is specifically as follows: the six-wiring method is adopted to follow the involute configuration of the microphone array, six involute sub-networks are divided into six groups according to six involute, six clock lines CLK are conducted in an inner ring, six sound channel selection lines LR are conducted in an outer ring, actual levels obtained by the microphones are judged to be relatively average according to current flow direction, the six-wiring method has high symmetry and excellent performance, the width of the clock lines and the width of the sound channel selection lines at a bonding pad are 10 mils, and then the width of the clock lines and the width of the sound channel selection lines are increased to 12 mils.
10. The portable noise source detection device of claim 7, wherein the two middle layers of the circuit board are a VDD power supply collecting layer and a GND ground wire collecting layer, respectively, and are directly processed by planar copper-clad, the wiring is thickened to 20 mils at the via hole, and the copper-clad mode of the thermal pad is orthogonal.
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