CN111948069A - Vertical shear force changing type direct shear creep gauge - Google Patents
Vertical shear force changing type direct shear creep gauge Download PDFInfo
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- CN111948069A CN111948069A CN201910407214.3A CN201910407214A CN111948069A CN 111948069 A CN111948069 A CN 111948069A CN 201910407214 A CN201910407214 A CN 201910407214A CN 111948069 A CN111948069 A CN 111948069A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0071—Creep
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
The invention provides a vertical shear force changing type direct shear creep deformation instrument, which comprises an instrument platform, a shear box, a dial indicator and a pressurizing system, wherein the shear box consists of a first box body and a second box body, the second box body slides downwards relative to the first box body under the action of gravity and a second weight set, the pressurizing system comprises a horizontal axial pressure weight system and a vertical shear force weight system, and the horizontal axial pressure weight system comprises the first weight set; the vertical shear force weight system comprises a second weight group, the second weight group is placed in a weight container, the weight container is placed in a liquid container, the bottom of the liquid container is communicated with a plurality of stress control containers in series through pipelines, and a cutting and communicating mechanism is arranged between the adjacent stress control containers and between the liquid container and the stress control containers. The invention can avoid the force loss of the traditional direct shear apparatus for converting the vertical gravity into the horizontal shear force, and can control the shear stress of the soil sample to be constant in the shearing process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical laboratory tests.
Background
The direct shear creep test is a test in which a sample of soil is sheared on a specific surface, the shear stress is kept constant, and the change of shear displacement with time is measured. The current direct shear creep gauge adopts vertical applied axial pressure, and the level is to the basic stress mode of shearing, through pulley hook weight, turns into the power that the level is to vertical gravity, provides the shear force for the sample. Because the shearing force is much larger than the axial pressure under normal conditions, a certain loss exists after the pulley converts the direction of the force, and the actual shearing force needs to be tested through a steel ring.
In addition, the conventional direct shear creep tester is used for testing the change of the strain of the soil with time under a certain shearing force F by applying weights on a certain shearing surface to research the creep property of the soil. However, creep is the change in strain with time without change in shear stress (shear stress/shear area:τf/S). However, in practical situations, the upper and lower shearing boxes are staggered with each other along with the shearing, the effective shearing area of the soil sample is gradually reduced, the shearing force is provided by the weight mass and cannot be changed along with the shearing displacement, and the shearing stress is continuously increased along with the shearing displacement. Therefore, the conventional direct shear creep gauge does not strictly comply with the premise of the creep test.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to make up the defects of the prior art, provides an improved direct shear test creep deformation instrument, and can overcome the defects that the pressure loss of a shaft and the shear stress in the test process cannot be kept constant in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a vertical shear force formula direct shear creep deformation appearance which characterized in that includes: an instrument table, a shearing box, a dial indicator and a pressurizing system,
the table top of the instrument table is provided with an upright baffle plate, a through hole which penetrates through the table top up and down is arranged at the position of the table top close to the upright baffle plate,
the shearing box is an inner cavity which is composed of a first box body and a second box body and used for containing a soil sample, the first box body is an annular shell with two open ends, the first box body is placed on the table surface of the instrument table to enable one open end to be connected with the opening of the second box body, the other open end is closed by a pressure cover pulled on a steel strand, the open end of the second box body is connected with the first box body, a pulley block is arranged at the closed end opposite to the open end and is in sliding contact with an upright baffle plate,
the dial of the dial indicator is relatively and fixedly connected with the instrument desk, a spring contact head of the dial indicator is contacted with the top of the second box body,
the pressurizing system comprises a horizontal axial pressure weight system and a vertical shearing force weight system, wherein the horizontal axial pressure weight system comprises a fixed pulley erected on an instrument platform, a steel hinge wire which is fixedly connected with the pressure cover and then droops around the fixed pulley, and a first weight group which is directly or indirectly connected with the drooping tail end of the steel hinge wire; the vertical shear force weight system comprises a suspension rod fixed on the lower bottom surface of the second box body and penetrating through a through hole on the table top of the instrument desk, and a second weight group suspended at the bottom of the suspension rod; the second box body slides downwards relative to the first box body under the action of gravity and the second weight group,
the second weight group is placed in a weight container, and the weight container is placed in a liquid container. The liquid in the liquid container can be water or other reagent, but it is necessary to avoid evaporation of the liquid (such as covering a layer of oil which is not easy to evaporate on the surface of the water, keeping the liquid floating and sinking vertically under the buoyancy of the liquid in the liquid container, the bottom of the liquid container is connected with a plurality of stress control containers in series through pipelines, and a cutting and communicating mechanism is arranged between adjacent stress control containers and between the liquid container and the stress control containers, and the cutting or communicating state of the mechanism is changed to ensure that the sum S of the inner bottom area of the liquid container and the inner bottom area of each stress control container connected in series is changedIs effectiveSatisfy the requirement of
SWeight (weight)The bottom area of the weight container is the outer bottom area of the weight container; l is the edge length of the square shearing box perpendicular to the shearing direction in the creep test, and tau is the shearing stress; ρ is the liquid density; g is the acceleration of gravity.
The horizontal axial pressure weight system further comprises a lever, a fulcrum of the lever is hinged to the side face of the instrument desk, the tail end of the steel hinge line is fixedly connected with a lever body, and the first weight group is suspended at one end, far away from the fulcrum, of the lever.
The lever is a U-shaped lever consisting of two longitudinal rods and a transverse rod connected between the tail ends of the two longitudinal rods, the head ends of the longitudinal rods are hinged to the side surface of the instrument desk, and the first weight group is suspended in the middle of the transverse rod.
The detachable axial connecting bolt is arranged between the first box body and the second box body, and when the axial connecting bolt is pulled out, the second box body can slide downwards relative to the first box body under the action of stress.
The weight container is arranged in the liquid container, a plurality of guide wheels are uniformly distributed on the upper portion of the periphery of the outer wall of the weight container, and the guide wheels are in rolling contact with the inside of the liquid container to limit the weight container to keep upright in the floating and sinking processes.
Rubber pipes are arranged between the adjacent stress control containers and between the liquid container and the stress control container for communication, and clamps are arranged on the rubber pipes for cutting off the pipelines.
The liquid contained in the liquid container is silicone oil.
The pressure cover extends to two sides to form extension ends, the extension ends of each side are connected to the head ends of the steel strands on the same side, and the tail ends of the steel strands are connected with the two longitudinal rod bodies of the lever.
The instrument desk top is supported by four legs, keeps horizontal, and is mutually perpendicular with upright baffle.
The dial indicator is fixed on the vertical baffle.
The creep deformation meter firstly adopts a vertical shearing mode, changes the axial pressure direction into the horizontal direction, and changes the shearing direction into the vertical direction, so that the force value loss of the traditional direct shearing meter for converting the vertical gravity into the horizontal shearing force can be avoided, the applied weight gravity can directly become the shearing force, and meanwhile, the steel ring force measurement is also saved. Meanwhile, the soil sample shearing box disclosed by the invention is square, the effective shearing area is linearly reduced, and simplification is not needed. Add a shear stress controlling means to the shear stress weight, when effective area that receives reduces, reduce effectual shear force, and then ensure that the shear stress is invariable, satisfy different shear stress test's needs through the mode of rubber tube UNICOM, solve the not invariant defect of traditional direct shear creep appearance shear stress, can also satisfy the requirement that same soil sample carries out multistage direct shear creep test. Meanwhile, the shear force is adjusted through the additional stress control device, so that the change of the shear force is synchronous with the change of the shearing area, the constant shear stress is ensured, and the accuracy of a shear force test is ensured.
Drawings
The technical scheme of the invention is further described by combining the attached drawings of the specification.
FIG. 1 is a schematic elevation view of a vertical shear-type direct shear creep gauge of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the rise of the silicon oil surface;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a shear stress control system vessel;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a vertical shear-type direct shear creep gauge of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a shear box configuration prior to shearing;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the shear box displacement after shearing.
Wherein: baffle 101, dial indicator 102, second box 103, suspension rod 103.1, first box 104, pulley block 105, pressure cover 106, steel strand 107, instrument platform 108, first weight group 109, second weight group 110, soil sample 111, fixed pulley 112, lever 113, longitudinal rod 113.1, transverse rod 113.2, connecting bolt 114, 212, weight container, 213, liquid container, 214, guide wheel, 215, stress control container, 217, clamp, 218, silicone oil, 219, rubber tube
Detailed Description
The following are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention should not be limited thereby. That is, insubstantial changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention are still within the scope of the claims.
As shown in fig. 1, the vertical shear-type direct shear creep gauge of the present invention includes a gauge table 108, a shear box, a dial indicator 102, and a pressurization system.
The instrument table 108 is provided with an upright baffle 101 on the table top, the position of the table top close to the upright baffle is provided with a through hole which penetrates up and down, and the table top of the instrument table is supported by four support legs, keeps horizontal and is vertical to the upright baffle. The dial plate of the dial indicator 102 is fixed on the vertical baffle plate, the spring contact head of the dial indicator is contacted with the top of the shearing box,
the shearing box comprises an inner cavity for containing a soil sample, wherein the inner cavity is formed by a first box body 104 and a second box body 103, the first box body 104 is an annular shell with two open ends, the first box body is placed on the table surface of an instrument table to enable one end of the first box body to be open and connected with an opening of the second box body positioned on the right side of the first box body, the other end of the first box body is open and closed by a left pressure cover pulled to a steel hinge wire 107, the open end of the second box body is connected with the first box body, and a pulley block and a vertical baffle are arranged at the. A detachable axial connecting bolt 114 is arranged between the first box body and the second box body, and when the axial connecting bolt is pulled out, the second box body can slide downwards relative to the first box body under the action of stress. The pressure cover extends to two sides to form extension ends, and the extension ends at each side are respectively connected with the head ends of the steel strands at the same side.
The pressurization system comprises a horizontal axial pressure weight system and a vertical shearing force weight system. The horizontal axial pressure weight system comprises a fixed pulley 112 erected on the side surface of the instrument stand, a steel hinge wire 107, a first weight group 109 and a lever 113. In this example, the lever 113 is a U-shaped lever composed of two vertical rods 113.1 and a cross rod 113.2 connected between the ends of the two vertical rods, and the head end of the vertical rod 113.1 is hinged to the instrument desk as a fulcrum of the lever. The first weight stack 109 is suspended in the middle of the rail 113.2. The steel strand is connected to the extended end of the pressure cap at the head end and to the rod body of the lever 113 after passing around the fixed pulley 112 at the tail end. The length of the extended ends at the two sides of the pressure cover is equivalent to the distance between the fixed pulleys 105 at the two sides of the baffle plate and is larger than the width of the box body of the shearing box.
Of course, the present invention can also be used without the lever, so that the first weight stack is directly attached to the end of the steel strand.
The vertical shear force weight system comprises a suspension rod 103.1 fixed on the lower bottom surface of the second box body and penetrating through the through hole of the instrument desk top, and a second weight group 110 suspended at the bottom of the suspension rod. The second weight stack 110 is placed in a weight container 212, the weight container 212 is placed in a liquid container 213, a plurality of guide wheels 214 are distributed on the upper portion of the periphery of the outer wall of the weight container, and the guide wheels are in rolling contact with the inner wall of the liquid container to limit the weight container to keep upright in the floating and sinking processes. The liquid contained in the container for providing buoyancy may be water or other agents, but it is preferred to use a less volatile liquid or to use measures to reduce evaporation. Silicone oil 218 is selected for this example. The bottom of the liquid container 213 is connected in series to a plurality of stress control containers 215 via rubber tubes 219, and clamps for cutting off and connecting between the adjacent stress control containers 215 and between the liquid container 213 and the stress control containers 215 are provided, so that when the clamps are tightened or loosened, the connection between the liquid container and each stress control container is changed.
The second weight, weight container, liquid container and stress control container were connected as shown in fig. 4, and the second weight was suspended from the bottom of the suspension rod 103.1. The soil sample shearing box is a square soil sample shearing box, so that the effective shearing area is linearly reduced, and simplification is not needed. The shearing box is square, the side length perpendicular to the shearing direction is L, and when the shearing displacement is x, the effective shearing area of the soil sample can be reduced by deltaSTo ensure constant shear stress τ, the shear force needs to be reduced by ΔF＝τΔS. The device is simplified into two parts, one part is a weight container for providing shearing force, and the outer bottom area of the weight container is SWeight (weight)One part is an effective liquid container with an effective liquid container bottom area SIs effectiveAs the shear occurs, the weight container descends x and the liquid level rises h, as shown in fig. 3: according to the volume of the silicone oil is constant, then
To control the shear stress constant, then: deltaF＝ΔBuoyancy force＝(x+h)SWeight (weight)Rho g, where rho is the density of the silicone oil and g is the acceleration of gravity
ΔF＝τΔS、ΔSX can be removed to obtain
Where ρ, g are constants, SWeight (weight)After determination, in a shear stress creep test, an S can be calculatedIs effectiveTo ensure that the shear stress remains constant during the shear test.
In order to meet the test requirements under a plurality of shear stresses, SIs effectiveThe device is divided into two parts, one part is a liquid container, the other part is a stress control container, and the two parts are connected in series through a rubber pipe at the bottom. The stress in the communication controls the inner bottom area of the container to be SControl of＝SIs effective-SLiquid for treating urinary tract infection，SLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionRefers to the inner bottom area of the liquid container. Different shear stress creep tests only need to clamp the corresponding rubber tube and block part of communication.
The clamping or releasing state of the clamp to the rubber tube is changed to ensure that the sum S of the inner bottom area of the liquid container and the inner bottom areas of the stress control containers communicated in seriesIs effectiveSatisfy the requirement of
SWeight (weight)The bottom area of the weight container is the outer bottom area of the weight container; l is the edge length of the square shearing box perpendicular to the shearing direction in the creep test, and tau is the shearing stress; ρ is the liquid density; g is the acceleration of gravity.
The implementation steps of the invention are as follows:
1) determining the bottom area of each stress control container: according to the shear stress required by the experiment, the formula is combined
(in the formula SWeight (weight)Is the outer bottom area (cm) of the weight container2)；SIs effectiveControlling the sum of the inner bottom areas of the containers (cm) for the stress in the liquid container and in the series2) (ii) a τ is shear stress (kPa); rho is the silicone oil density (kg/m)3) (ii) a g is gravity acceleration (m/s)2) (ii) a L is the side length of the square shearing box perpendicular to the shearing direction in the creep test), and S required by each shearing stress is calculatedIs effectiveThen, the inner bottom area which needs to be increased is calculated in sequence from the large shear stress to the small shear stress, and the inner bottom area of each stress control container is determined.
For example: creep tests were conducted with shear stresses of 50kPa, 100kPa, 150kPa, 200kPa, 250kPa, and 300kPa, respectively, and the area outside the weight container was determined to be SWeight (weight)＝1600cm2The length of the shearing box in the width direction is 6cm, and the density of the silicone oil is 0.963g/cm3The gravity acceleration is 10N/kg through a formula
Calculated to obtain SIs effectiveShould be 3289.5cm respectively2、2152.9cm2、1930.5cm2、1835.7cm2、1783.2cm2、 1749.8cm2. The inner bottom area of the liquid container is 1700cm2When the creep test of 300kPa was carried out, 1 stress control container was connected, and the inner floor area was 1749.8cm2-1700cm2＝49.8cm2. When a 250kPa creep test is carried out, a 2 nd stress control container needs to be added on the basis of communicating the 1 st stress control container, and the inner bottom area of the 2 nd stress control container is 1783.2cm2-1749.8cm2＝33.4cm2When a 200kPa creep test is carried out, a 3 rd stress control container needs to be added on the basis of communicating a 1 st stress control container and a 2 nd stress control container, and the inner bottom area of the 3 rd stress control container is 1835.7cm2-1783.2cm2＝52.5cm2The bottom areas of other stress control containers are 94.8cm respectively according to the similar reasoning2、222.4cm2、1136.6cm2. For details, see Table 1
TABLE 1
It can be calculated from this that the internal bottom area used for each stress control vessel is as shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
2) Connecting a stress control container: according to the shear stress required by the experiment, all the stress control containers are connected with the liquid container in series from large to small.
3) Sample loading: the soil sample was loaded into a shear box and a corresponding axial pressure was applied.
4) Filling silicon oil: and placing the weight container in a liquid container, pouring silicone oil into the liquid container, and checking whether the stress control containers are communicated or not and whether the silicone oil flows in or not.
5) Loading: and placing weights in the weight container for loading, and carrying out a creep test.
6) Recording: the shear deformation was recorded over the corresponding time according to the test requirements.
For example, S in a 50kPa shear stress testIs effective＝SLiquid for treating urinary tract infection+SControl of1700+ 1589.5-3289.5, satisfy
When the shear stress test of 100kPa is carried out, the outermost stress control container 215.6 is clamped by a clamp and the connection is interrupted, SControl of49.8+33.4+52.5+94.8+ 222.4-452.9, i.e. SIs effective＝SLiquid for treating urinary tract infection+SControl of452.9+1700 is 2152.9, and is fullFoot
And the rest of the shear stress tests are performed by analogy.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a vertical shear force formula direct shear creep appearance that becomes which characterized in that includes: an instrument table, a shearing box, a dial indicator and a pressurizing system,
the table top of the instrument table is provided with an upright baffle plate, a through hole which penetrates through the table top up and down is arranged at the position of the table top close to the upright baffle plate,
the shearing box comprises an inner cavity used for containing a soil sample and composed of a first box body and a second box body, the first box body is an annular shell with two open ends, the first box body is placed on the table surface of an instrument table to enable one end of the first box body to be open and connected with the opening of the second box body, the other end of the first box body is open and closed by a pressure cover pulled on a steel strand, the open end of the second box body is connected with the first box body, and a pulley block and an upright baffle are arranged at the closed end opposite to the open end and in sliding.
The dial of the dial indicator is relatively and fixedly connected with the instrument desk, a spring contact head of the dial indicator is contacted with the top of the second box body,
the pressurizing system comprises a horizontal axial pressure weight system and a vertical shearing force weight system, wherein the horizontal axial pressure weight system comprises a fixed pulley erected on an instrument platform, a steel hinge wire which is fixedly connected with the pressure cover and then droops around the fixed pulley, and a first weight group which is directly or indirectly connected with the drooping tail end of the steel hinge wire; the vertical shear force weight system comprises a suspension rod fixed on the lower bottom surface of the second box body and penetrating through a through hole on the table top of the instrument table, and a second weight group suspended at the bottom of the suspension rod; the second box body slides downwards relative to the first box body under the action of gravity and the second weight group,
the second weight group is placed in a weight container, the weight container is placed in a liquid container and keeps vertically floating and sinking under the buoyancy action of liquid in the container, the bottom of the liquid container is communicated with a plurality of stress control containers in series through pipelines, and a cutting and communicating mechanism is arranged between the adjacent stress control containers and between the liquid container and the stress control container, so that the mechanism is changedThe sum S of the inner bottom areas of the liquid container and the stress control containers connected in seriesIs effectiveSatisfy the requirement of
SWeight (weight)The bottom area of the weight container is the outer bottom area of the weight container; l is the side length of the square shearing box perpendicular to the shearing direction in the creep test, and tau is the shearing stress; ρ is the liquid density; g is the acceleration of gravity.
2. The vertical shear-type direct shear creepmeter of claim 1, wherein: the horizontal axial pressure weight system further comprises a lever, a fulcrum of the lever is hinged to the side face of the instrument desk, the tail end of the steel hinge line is fixedly connected with a lever body, and the first weight group is suspended at one end, far away from the fulcrum, of the lever.
3. The vertical shear-type direct shear creepmeter of claim 2, wherein: the lever is a U-shaped lever consisting of two longitudinal rods and a transverse rod connected between the tail ends of the two longitudinal rods, the head ends of the longitudinal rods are hinged to the side surface of the instrument desk, and the first weight group is suspended in the middle of the transverse rod.
4. The vertical shear-type direct shear creepmeter of claim 1, wherein: the detachable axial connecting bolt is arranged between the first box body and the second box body, and when the axial connecting bolt is pulled out, the second box body can slide downwards relative to the first box body under the action of stress.
5. The vertical shear-type direct shear creepmeter of claim 1, wherein: the weight container is arranged in the liquid container, a plurality of guide wheels are uniformly distributed on the upper portion of the periphery of the outer wall of the weight container, and the guide wheels are in rolling contact with the inside of the liquid container to limit the weight container to keep upright in the floating and sinking processes.
6. The vertical shear-type direct shear creepmeter of claim 1, wherein: rubber pipes are arranged between the adjacent stress control containers and between the liquid container and the stress control container for communication, and clamps are arranged on the rubber pipes for cutting off pipelines.
7. The vertical shear-type direct shear creepmeter of claim 1, wherein: the liquid contained in the liquid container is silicone oil.
8. The vertical shear-type direct shear creepmeter of claim 1, wherein: the pressure cover extends to two sides to form extension ends, the extension ends of each side are connected to the head ends of the steel strands on the same side, and the tail ends of the steel strands are connected with the two longitudinal rod bodies of the lever.
9. The vertical shear-type direct shear creepmeter of claim 1, wherein: the instrument desk top is supported by four legs, keeps horizontal, and is mutually perpendicular with upright baffle.
10. The vertical shear-type direct shear creepmeter of claim 1, wherein: the dial indicator is fixed on the vertical baffle.
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| CN201910407214.3A CN111948069A (en) | 2019-05-15 | 2019-05-15 | Vertical shear force changing type direct shear creep gauge |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113049399A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-06-29 | 广西科技大学 | Geosynthetic material multifunctional creep tester and test method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113049399A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-06-29 | 广西科技大学 | Geosynthetic material multifunctional creep tester and test method thereof |
| CN113049399B (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2023-11-21 | 广西科技大学 | Multifunctional creep deformation instrument for geosynthetic material and test method thereof |
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