CN111943643A - Environment-friendly low-density high-strength ceramsite and production process thereof - Google Patents

Environment-friendly low-density high-strength ceramsite and production process thereof Download PDF

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CN111943643A
CN111943643A CN202010799005.0A CN202010799005A CN111943643A CN 111943643 A CN111943643 A CN 111943643A CN 202010799005 A CN202010799005 A CN 202010799005A CN 111943643 A CN111943643 A CN 111943643A
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parts
raw material
environment
density high
friendly low
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綦宝晖
张�杰
李江
邹旭
王苗苗
孟凡军
吕洪彦
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Angang Construction Group Co ltd
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Angang Construction Group Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to an environment-friendly low-density high-strength ceramsite and a production process thereof, wherein the ceramsite is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 100-120 parts of main materials; 10-12 parts of auxiliary materials; 10-12 parts of a composite pore-forming agent; 3-3.6 parts of a fluxing agent A and 4-4.8 parts of a fluxing agent B; 5-6 parts of a binder; and in addition, water is added, and the water-material ratio is 0.18-0.22: 1. the ceramsite product disclosed by the invention is nontoxic and harmless, low in water absorption, high in compressive strength, good in waterproofness and freezing resistance, long in service life, capable of meeting the environmental protection requirement and improving the working environment of industrial workers; in addition, the industrial waste is fully utilized, and meanwhile, the consumption of raw materials and energy is reduced, and the waste emission is reduced.

Description

Environment-friendly low-density high-strength ceramsite and production process thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ceramic aggregate production, in particular to environment-friendly low-density high-strength ceramsite and a production process thereof.
Background
Ceramsite is the largest-used artificial material at home and abroad at present, and is widely used in modern civil engineering, including tunnels of railways and highways, bridges, dams of water conservancy and hydropower, power stations, river banks and dams in river regulation, industrial and civil buildings and other engineering. With the development of novel buildings and light structures, the original high-density concrete cannot meet the requirements of environment-friendly building materials and life and production of people. At present, the steel structure building with larger demand is a building with the apparent density less than 1850kg/m3The high-strength lightweight aggregate concrete is mainly prepared from ceramsite aggregates, so that the preparation of the ceramsite with low density, high strength and good waterproof performance is particularly important.
In Europe and America, 80% of ceramsite lightweight aggregate is used for producing building blocks, and occupies the leading position of the lightweight aggregate application market. Many high-rise buildings are also constructed from lightweight aggregate concrete. For example, the high 52-storey 218m of Huston shell square building constructed in the United states has the building area of 13 ten thousand m2The new york world trade center has a 110 high tier 396 m. In addition, the united states is the country with the most application of lightweight aggregate concrete in bridge construction, and more than 800 bridges have been built. A70-storey 296m high-performance ceramsite lightweight aggregate with low water absorption and high strength is also built in the aspect of developing and producing high-performance ceramsite lightweight aggregate with low water absorption and high strength, wherein in recent years, the ceramsite lightweight aggregate concrete is applied to railway bridge engineering in Japan, and 5 new-line railway bridges are newly built or reconstructed.
In China, in the last two decades, with the intensive research on wall material innovation and building energy-saving technology and the rapid development of high-rise buildings, frame buildings, large bridges and other building industries, a larger application space is provided for the ceramsite lightweight aggregate. However, the production and application of the domestic ceramsite lightweight aggregate have the following disadvantages: 1. the ceramsite products which are widely applied, namely shale ceramsite, clay ceramsite and fly ash ceramsite, belong to common artificial lightweight aggregate, and the density grade of 80% is 700-800 grade. 2. Most enterprises have small production scale, simple and crude production equipment (some even no cooling and dust removing equipment), and rough product manufacture, which causes high production energy consumption, poor operation environment, high labor intensity of workers and low production efficiency. 3. The product has the advantages of non-graded particles, low ceramsite strength, high water absorption, poor freeze-thaw resistance, and freeze-thaw cycle frequency F of less than or equal to 25 times, i.e. the loss of quality and strength is large, and the product performance is generally lower than the technical level of Europe, America and Japan. In particular, the clay ceramsite granulated by the single-roller granulator is generally short column-shaped, has poor grain shape coefficient, low cylinder pressure strength, high water absorption and poor homogeneity; if the material is used in heat insulation and structural heat insulation projects, the material cannot meet the use requirements due to high density and poor heat insulation performance; for application in structural engineering, LC25 concrete can be prepared only because of its low aggregate strength. The man-made lightweight aggregate is described by the industry as high-grade and low-grade. The existence of the problems influences the further development of the domestic artificial ceramsite lightweight aggregate to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an environment-friendly low-density high-strength ceramsite and a production process thereof, wherein the ceramsite product is non-toxic and harmless, low in water absorption, high in compressive strength, good in waterproofness and freezing resistance, long in service life, capable of meeting the environment-friendly requirement and improving the working environment of industrial workers; in addition, the industrial waste is fully utilized, and meanwhile, the consumption of raw materials and energy is reduced, and the waste emission is reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the environment-friendly low-density high-strength ceramsite comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 100-120 parts of main materials; 10-12 parts of auxiliary materials; 10-12 parts of a composite pore-forming agent; 3-3.6 parts of a fluxing agent A and 4-4.8 parts of a fluxing agent B; 5-6 parts of a binder; and in addition, water is added, and the water-material ratio is 0.18-0.22: 1; wherein:
the main material is one or more of iron tailing sedimentary rock powder, iron tailing powder, steel slag powder and coal ash;
the auxiliary material is bauxite;
the composite pore-forming agent is a mixture of coal powder, sawdust and corn straws, wherein the coal powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: saw dust: the corn straw comprises the following components in parts by mass: (0.2-0.4): 0.3-0.5);
the fluxing agent A is limestone or carbide mud; and the fluxing agent B is calcium oxide or magnesium oxide.
The main material is finely ground and sieved by a 200-mesh sieve, namely the granularity is below 0.074 mm.
The pulverized coal is anthracite; the sawdust and the corn straw are respectively ground and sieved by a 120-mesh sieve, namely the granularity is below 0.117 mm.
A1 in the bauxite203Not less than 55 percent and Fe 6-8 percent; the bauxite is ground and sieved by a 120-mesh sieve, namely the granularity is below 0.117 mm.
CaCO in the limestone3More than or equal to 98.3 percent, and after grinding the limestone, sieving the limestone with a 200-mesh sieve, namely the granularity is less than 0.074 mm; ca (OH)2 in the carbide mud is more than or equal to 98.3 percent, and the carbide mud is ground and then sieved by a 200-mesh sieve, namely the granularity is less than 0.074 mm.
The purity of the calcium oxide is more than or equal to 90.0 percent, and the calcium oxide is ground and then sieved by a 200-mesh sieve, namely the granularity is less than 0.074 mm; the purity of the magnesium oxide is more than or equal to 90.0 percent, and the magnesium oxide is ground and then sieved by a 200-mesh sieve, namely the granularity is less than 0.074 mm.
The binder is one or more than two of sodium polyphosphate, citric acid, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and ester ether mixed derivatives.
A production process of environment-friendly low-density high-strength ceramsite comprises the following steps:
1) making raw material kernels;
firstly, according to a set mixing proportion, automatically metering by an electronic scale, inputting a main material, a composite pore-forming agent, a fluxing agent A and a binder into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring to prepare a core-making material;
secondly, the nucleating material is placed in a disc granulator to nucleate raw material, the rotating speed of the disc is 20 to 30r/min, the inclination angle of the disc is 40 to 50 degrees, and the whole course is sprayedWater is added into the mixture in a mist mode until the diameter of the raw material core reaches
Figure BDA0002626680740000031
Stopping discharging;
2) manufacturing raw material balls;
firstly, according to a set mixing proportion, automatically metering by an electronic scale, inputting auxiliary materials and a fluxing agent B into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring to prepare a coating material;
secondly, placing the raw material core and the wrapping shell material into a disc ball forming mill to produce raw material balls, rotating the disc at 20-30 r/min and inclining the disc at 40-50 degrees, spraying water in the whole process until the diameter of the raw material balls reaches
Figure BDA0002626680740000032
Stopping discharging;
3) naturally drying the raw material balls indoors for more than 24 hours, then putting the raw material balls into a drying kiln, and drying for 6-8 hours at the temperature of 80-120 ℃ for later use;
4) preheating raw material balls, and then feeding the preheated raw material balls into a rotary kiln for roasting, wherein the axial gradient of the rotary kiln is 3.5-4 degrees, the rotating speed of forward rotation and reverse rotation is 1-5 r/min, a variable frequency motor is adopted for regulating the rotating speed, and the roasting temperature is 1200-1310 ℃;
5) cooling the roasted material balls by a single-cylinder cooler and an air cooler;
6) and screening the cooled pellets by a rotary screen to obtain the ceramsite finished product with the water absorption rate of less than or equal to 3%, and through freeze-thaw cycling for more than 100 times, the mass loss is less than or equal to 4%, and the strength loss is less than or equal to 20%.
In the step 4), the temperature of the raw material ball preheating stage is controlled to be 400-600 ℃, and the preheating time is 15-20 min.
In the step 5), when the roasting temperature of the rotary kiln is increased from 600 ℃ to 900 ℃, the temperature increasing speed is 15-20 ℃/min; when the roasting temperature of the rotary kiln is increased from 900 ℃ to 1200 ℃, the temperature increasing speed is 15-20 ℃/min; when the roasting temperature of the rotary kiln is increased from 1200 ℃ to 1310 ℃, the temperature rising speed is 5-10 ℃/min; in the step 6), when the material balls are cooled, the material balls are quickly cooled to 700 ℃ from 1310 ℃ at a cooling speed of 40-60 ℃/min, and then are slowly cooled to 400 ℃ at a cooling speed of 5-15 ℃/min; and finally, rapidly cooling to room temperature at a cooling speed of 40-60 ℃/min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the industrial waste is used as the main material, the produced ceramsite product has good entity density and high cylinder pressure strength, the water absorption rate is less than or equal to 3 percent, the mass loss of the freeze-thaw cycle for more than 100 times is less than or equal to 4 percent, and the strength loss is less than or equal to 20 percent; can meet the requirements of production and use in different areas and environmental protection and energy conservation.
2. The product has the advantages of no toxicity, no harm, environmental protection, energy conservation, good durability and long service life (more than or equal to 100 years), and the production process has the advantages of waste utilization and environmental protection.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to an environment-friendly low-density high-strength ceramsite, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 100-120 parts of main materials; 10-12 parts of auxiliary materials; 10-12 parts of a composite pore-forming agent; 3-3.6 parts of a fluxing agent A and 4-4.8 parts of a fluxing agent B; 5-6 parts of a binder; and in addition, water is added, and the water-material ratio is 0.18-0.22: 1; wherein:
the main material is one or more of iron tailing sedimentary rock powder, iron tailing powder, steel slag powder and coal ash;
the auxiliary material is bauxite;
the composite pore-forming agent is a mixture of coal powder, sawdust and corn straws, wherein the coal powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: saw dust: the corn straw comprises the following components in parts by mass: (0.2-0.4): 0.3-0.5);
the fluxing agent A is limestone or carbide mud; and the fluxing agent B is calcium oxide or magnesium oxide.
The main material is finely ground and sieved by a 200-mesh sieve, namely the granularity is below 0.074 mm.
The pulverized coal is anthracite; the sawdust and the corn straw are respectively ground and sieved by a 120-mesh sieve, namely the granularity is below 0.117 mm.
A1 in the bauxite203Not less than 55 percent and Fe 6-8 percent; the bauxite is ground and sieved by a 120-mesh sieve, namely the granularity is below 0.117 mm.
CaCO in the limestone3More than or equal to 98.3 percent, and after grinding the limestone, sieving the limestone with a 200-mesh sieve, namely the granularity is less than 0.074 mm; ca (OH)2 in the carbide mud is more than or equal to 98.3 percent, and the carbide mud is ground and then sieved by a 200-mesh sieve, namely the granularity is less than 0.074 mm.
The purity of the calcium oxide is more than or equal to 90.0 percent, and the calcium oxide is ground and then sieved by a 200-mesh sieve, namely the granularity is less than 0.074 mm; the purity of the magnesium oxide is more than or equal to 90.0 percent, and the magnesium oxide is ground and then sieved by a 200-mesh sieve, namely the granularity is less than 0.074 mm.
The binder is one or more than two of sodium polyphosphate, citric acid, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and ester ether mixed derivatives.
The invention relates to a production process of environment-friendly low-density high-strength ceramsite, which comprises the following steps:
1) making raw material kernels;
firstly, according to a set mixing proportion, automatically metering by an electronic scale, inputting a main material, a composite pore-forming agent, a fluxing agent A and a binder into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring to prepare a core-making material;
secondly, the nucleating material is placed in a disc granulator to produce raw material cores, the rotating speed of the disc is 20 to 30r/min, the inclination angle of the disc is 40 to 50 degrees, water is sprayed in the whole process, and the diameter of the raw material cores reaches
Figure BDA0002626680740000041
Stopping discharging;
2) manufacturing raw material balls;
firstly, according to a set mixing proportion, automatically metering by an electronic scale, inputting auxiliary materials and a fluxing agent B into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring to prepare a coating material;
secondly, placing the raw material core and the wrapping shell material into a disc ball forming mill to produce raw material balls, rotating the disc at 20-30 r/min and inclining the disc at 40-50 degrees, spraying water in the whole process until the diameter of the raw material balls reaches
Figure BDA0002626680740000051
Stopping discharging;
3) naturally drying the raw material balls indoors for more than 24 hours, then putting the raw material balls into a drying kiln, and drying for 6-8 hours at the temperature of 80-120 ℃ for later use;
4) preheating raw material balls, and then feeding the preheated raw material balls into a rotary kiln for roasting, wherein the axial gradient of the rotary kiln is 3.5-4 degrees, the rotating speed of forward rotation and reverse rotation is 1-5 r/min, a variable frequency motor is adopted for regulating the rotating speed, and the roasting temperature is 1200-1310 ℃;
5) cooling the roasted material balls by a single-cylinder cooler and an air cooler;
6) and screening the cooled pellets by a rotary screen to obtain the ceramsite finished product with the water absorption rate of less than or equal to 3%, and through freeze-thaw cycling for more than 100 times, the mass loss is less than or equal to 4%, and the strength loss is less than or equal to 20%.
In the step 4), the temperature of the raw material ball preheating stage is controlled to be 400-600 ℃, and the preheating time is 15-20 min.
In the step 5), when the roasting temperature of the rotary kiln is increased from 600 ℃ to 900 ℃, the temperature increasing speed is 15-20 ℃/min; when the roasting temperature of the rotary kiln is increased from 900 ℃ to 1200 ℃, the temperature increasing speed is 15-20 ℃/min; when the roasting temperature of the rotary kiln is increased from 1200 ℃ to 1310 ℃, the temperature rising speed is 5-10 ℃/min; in the step 6), when the material balls are cooled, the material balls are quickly cooled to 700 ℃ from 1310 ℃ at a cooling speed of 40-60 ℃/min, and then are slowly cooled to 400 ℃ at a cooling speed of 5-15 ℃/min; and finally, rapidly cooling to room temperature at a cooling speed of 40-60 ℃/min.
The following examples are carried out on the premise of the technical scheme of the invention, and detailed embodiments and specific operation processes are given, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the following examples. The methods used in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
[ example 1 ]
In the embodiment, the raw materials for producing the environment-friendly low-density high-strength ceramsite comprise the following components in parts by mass:
main materials: 100 parts of auxiliary materials: 10 parts of a composite pore-forming agent: 10 parts, flux A: 3 parts, 4.2 parts of fluxing agent B, and a binder: 5 portions of water is additionally added, and the water-material ratio is 0.20. Wherein:
the main material is iron tailing sedimentary rock powder, and the iron tailing sedimentary rock powder is sieved by a 200-mesh sieve (the granularity is below 0.074 mm).
The composite pore-forming agent is a mixture of pulverized coal, sawdust and corn straw according to the mass part ratio of 0.3:0.3:0.4, wherein the pulverized coal is anthracite, the sawdust and the corn straw are respectively ground and sieved by a 120-mesh sieve (the granularity is below 0.117 mm).
The adjuvant is bauxite A120357.2 percent of the mass content and 6.5 percent of the mass content of Fe, grinding and sieving with a 120-mesh sieve (the granularity is less than 0.117 mm).
The fluxing agent A is limestone, wherein CaCO3The mass content is 98.7 percent, and the mixture is ground and sieved by a 200-mesh sieve (the granularity is below 0.074 mm).
The fluxing agent B is calcium oxide with the purity of 92.7 percent, and is sieved by a 200-mesh sieve (the granularity is less than 0.074 mm) after being ground.
The binder is sodium polyphosphate.
The water is used as the water for building materials, and the corresponding national standard specifications are implemented.
In this embodiment, the production process of the environment-friendly low-density high-strength ceramsite is as follows:
1) making raw material kernels;
selecting and storing materials according to national building material standards.
Secondly, the materials are automatically measured by an electronic scale according to a set mixing proportion through a conveyer, the main materials, the composite pore-forming agent, the fluxing agent A and the binder are input into a stirring machine and are uniformly stirred to obtain the core-making material.
Thirdly, the nucleating material is placed in a disc granulator to produce raw material cores, the rotating speed of the disc is 28r/min, the inclination angle of the disc is 45 degrees, water is sprayed in the whole process until the diameter of the raw material cores reaches
Figure BDA0002626680740000061
Stopping the machine to discharge.
2) Making green pellets (encrustation);
selecting and storing materials according to national building material standards.
Secondly, automatically metering the materials by an electronic scale according to a set mixing proportion through a conveyer, inputting the auxiliary materials and the fluxing agent B into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain the shell-wrapped material.
Thirdly, placing the raw material kernel and the coating shell material in a disc ball forming mill to produce raw material balls, wherein the rotating speed of the disc is 25r/min, the inclination angle of the disc is 45 degrees, water is sprayed in the whole process, and the raw material balls to be produced areDiameter up to
Figure BDA0002626680740000062
Stopping discharging;
3) naturally drying the raw material balls indoors for 24 hours, and then drying the raw material balls in a drying kiln for 7 hours at 100 ℃ for later use;
4) the raw material balls are preheated and then are put into a rotary kiln for roasting, the axial inclination of the rotary kiln is 3.5 degrees, the rotating speed is 3.5r/min, and the calcining temperature is 1280 ℃. Preheating at 480 deg.C for 20 min; when the roasting temperature of the rotary kiln is increased from 600 ℃ to 900 ℃, the temperature rising speed is 16 ℃/min; when the temperature is increased from 900 ℃ to 1200 ℃, the temperature increasing speed is 18 ℃/min; when the temperature is increased from 1200 ℃ to 1280 ℃, the temperature rising speed is 7 ℃/min;
5) and cooling the roasted material balls by a single-cylinder cooler and an air cooler. When cooling, rapidly cooling from 1280 ℃ to 700 ℃ at a cooling speed of 45 ℃/min, and then slowly cooling to 400 ℃ at a cooling speed of 8 ℃/min; finally, rapidly cooling to room temperature at a cooling speed of 40 ℃/min.
6) And screening the cooled material balls through a rotary screen.
7) According to lightweight aggregate and test method part 1: the finished ceramsite prepared by the embodiment is detected by the lightweight aggregate GB/T17431.1-2010, the lightweight aggregate concrete technical code JGJ51-2002 and the concrete durability test evaluation Standard JGJ/T193-2009, and the result is as follows: bulk density 663Kg/m3The water absorption rate is 2.16 percent, and the cylinder pressure strength is 12.3 MPa; when the times of freeze-thaw resistance cycle are 100 times, the mass loss is 3.17 percent, and the strength loss is 17.68 percent.
[ example 2 ]
In the embodiment, the raw materials for producing the environment-friendly low-density high-strength ceramsite comprise the following components in parts by mass:
main materials: 110 parts of auxiliary materials: 10 parts of a composite pore-forming agent: 11 parts, flux a: 3.2 parts, 4.3 parts of fluxing agent B, and a binder: 5.5 portions of water is additionally added, and the water-material ratio is 0.20. Wherein:
the main material is iron tailing powder, and the iron tailing powder is sieved by a 200-mesh sieve (the granularity is below 0.074 mm).
The composite pore-forming agent is a mixture of pulverized coal, sawdust and corn straw according to the mass part ratio of 0.3:0.3:0.4, wherein the pulverized coal is anthracite, the sawdust and the corn straw are respectively ground and sieved by a 120-mesh sieve (the granularity is below 0.117 mm).
The adjuvant is bauxite A120365% by mass and 7.2% by mass of Fe, grinding and sieving with 120 mesh sieve (the particle size is below 0.117 mm).
Fluxing agent A is calcium carbide mud, wherein Ca (OH)2The mass content is 98.6 percent, and the mixture is ground and sieved by a 200-mesh sieve (the granularity is below 0.074 mm).
The fluxing agent B is calcium oxide with the purity of 91.8 percent, and is sieved by a 200-mesh sieve (the granularity is less than 0.074 mm) after being ground.
The binder is hydroxypropyl cellulose.
The water is used as the water for building materials, and the corresponding national standard specifications are implemented.
In this embodiment, the production process of the environment-friendly low-density high-strength ceramsite is as follows:
1) making raw material kernels;
selecting and storing materials according to national building material standards.
Secondly, the materials are automatically measured by an electronic scale according to a set mixing proportion through a conveyer, the main materials, the composite pore-forming agent, the fluxing agent A and the binder are input into a stirring machine and are uniformly stirred to obtain the core-making material.
Thirdly, the nucleating material is placed in a disc granulator to produce raw material cores, the disc rotating speed is 25r/min, the disc inclination angle is 42 degrees, water is sprayed in the whole process until the diameter of the raw material cores reaches
Figure BDA0002626680740000071
Stopping the machine to discharge.
2) Making green pellets (encrustation);
selecting and storing materials according to national building material standards.
Secondly, automatically metering the materials by an electronic scale according to a set mixing proportion through a conveyer, inputting the auxiliary materials and the fluxing agent B into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain the shell-wrapped material.
Thirdly, placing the raw material kernel and the coating shell material in a disc ball forming mill to produce raw material balls, wherein the rotating speed of the disc is 25r/min, the inclination angle of the disc is 42 degrees, water is sprayed in the whole process, and the raw material balls are to be producedThe diameter of the material ball reaches
Figure BDA0002626680740000072
Stopping discharging;
3) naturally drying the raw material balls indoors for 26 hours, and then drying the raw material balls in a drying kiln for 8 hours at 100 ℃ for later use;
4) the raw material balls are preheated and then enter a rotary kiln for roasting, the axial inclination of the rotary kiln is 3.5 degrees, the rotating speed is 3r/min, and the calcining temperature is 1300 ℃. Preheating at 500 deg.C for 16 min; when the roasting temperature of the rotary kiln is increased from 600 ℃ to 900 ℃, the temperature rising speed is 18 ℃/min; when the temperature is increased from 900 ℃ to 1200 ℃, the temperature increasing speed is 18 ℃/min; when the temperature is increased from 1200 ℃ to 1300 ℃, the temperature rising speed is 8 ℃/min;
5) and cooling the roasted material balls by a single-cylinder cooler and an air cooler. When cooling, rapidly cooling from 1300 ℃ to 700 ℃ at a cooling speed of 50 ℃/min, and then slowly cooling to 400 ℃ at a cooling speed of 12 ℃/min; finally, rapidly cooling to room temperature at a cooling speed of 50 ℃/min.
6) And screening the cooled material balls through a rotary screen.
7) According to lightweight aggregate and test method part 1: the finished ceramsite prepared by the embodiment is detected by the lightweight aggregate GB/T17431.1-2010, the lightweight aggregate concrete technical code JGJ51-2002 and the concrete durability test evaluation Standard JGJ/T193-2009, and the result is as follows: bulk density 674Kg/m3Water absorption of 2.53 percent and cylinder pressure strength of 11.9 MPa; when the times of freeze-thaw resistance cycle are 100 times, the mass loss is 3.26 percent, and the strength loss is 17.28 percent.
[ example 3 ]
In the embodiment, the raw materials for producing the environment-friendly low-density high-strength ceramsite comprise the following components in parts by mass:
main materials: 115 parts and auxiliary materials: 12 parts of a composite pore-forming agent: 10 parts, flux A: 3 parts, 4.5 parts of fluxing agent B, and a binder: 5 portions of water is additionally added, and the water-material ratio is 0.18. Wherein:
the main material is steel slag powder, and the steel slag powder is sieved by a 200-mesh sieve (the granularity is below 0.074 mm).
The composite pore-forming agent is a mixture of pulverized coal, sawdust and corn straw according to the mass part ratio of 0.3:0.3:0.4, wherein the pulverized coal is anthracite, the sawdust and the corn straw are respectively ground and sieved by a 120-mesh sieve (the granularity is below 0.117 mm).
The auxiliary material is bauxite or Al2O366.2 percent of the mass content and 6.3 percent of the mass content of Fe, and grinding and sieving the mixture by a 120-mesh sieve (the granularity is less than 0.117 mm).
Fluxing agent A is calcium carbide mud, wherein Ca (OH)2The mass content is 98.6 percent, and the mixture is ground and sieved by a 200-mesh sieve (the granularity is below 0.074 mm).
Flux B is calcium oxide with a purity of 93.1%, and is sieved with a 200-mesh sieve (the granularity is less than 0.074 mm) after being ground.
The binder is ester ether mixed derivative.
The water is used as the water for building materials, and the corresponding national standard specifications are implemented.
In this embodiment, the production process of the environment-friendly low-density high-strength ceramsite is as follows:
1) making raw material kernels;
selecting and storing materials according to national building material standards.
Secondly, the materials are automatically measured by an electronic scale according to a set mixing proportion through a conveyer, the main materials, the composite pore-forming agent, the fluxing agent A and the binder are input into a stirring machine and are uniformly stirred to obtain the core-making material.
Thirdly, the nucleating material is placed in a disc granulator to produce raw material cores, the disc rotating speed is 30r/min, the disc inclination angle is 40 degrees, water is sprayed in the whole process until the diameter of the raw material cores reaches
Figure BDA0002626680740000091
Stopping the machine to discharge.
2) Making green pellets (encrustation);
selecting and storing materials according to national building material standards.
Secondly, automatically metering the materials by an electronic scale according to a set mixing proportion through a conveyer, inputting the auxiliary materials and the fluxing agent B into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain the shell-wrapped material.
Thirdly, placing the raw material core and the coating shell material in a disc pelletizer to produce raw material balls, rotating the disc at 20r/min and the disc inclination angle at 40 degrees, spraying water in the whole process,the diameter of the raw material ball reaches
Figure BDA0002626680740000092
Stopping discharging;
3) naturally drying the raw material balls indoors for 25 hours, and then drying the raw material balls in a drying kiln for 6 hours at 100 ℃ for later use;
4) the raw material balls are preheated and then enter a rotary kiln for roasting, the axial inclination of the rotary kiln is 3.5 degrees, the rotating speed is 3r/min, and the calcining temperature is 1300 ℃. Preheating temperature is controlled at 450 deg.C for 20 min; when the roasting temperature of the rotary kiln is increased from 600 ℃ to 900 ℃, the temperature rising speed is 20 ℃/min; when the temperature is increased from 900 ℃ to 1200 ℃, the temperature increasing speed is 20 ℃/min; when the temperature is increased from 1200 ℃ to 1300 ℃, the temperature rising speed is 10 ℃/min;
5) and cooling the roasted material balls by a single-cylinder cooler and an air cooler. When cooling, rapidly cooling from 1300 ℃ to 700 ℃ at a cooling speed of 50 ℃/min, and then slowly cooling to 400 ℃ at a cooling speed of 10 ℃/min; finally, rapidly cooling to room temperature at a cooling speed of 50 ℃/min.
6) And screening the cooled material balls through a rotary screen.
7) According to lightweight aggregate and test method part 1: the finished ceramsite prepared by the embodiment is detected by the lightweight aggregate GB/T17431.1-2010, the lightweight aggregate concrete technical code JGJ51-2002 and the concrete durability test evaluation Standard JGJ/T193-2009, and the result is as follows: bulk density 668.4Kg/m3The water absorption rate is 2.42 percent, and the cylinder pressure strength is 13.5 MPa; when the times of freeze-thaw resistance cycle are 100 times, the mass loss is 3.22 percent, and the strength loss is 18.17 percent.
[ example 4 ]
In the embodiment, the raw materials for producing the environment-friendly low-density high-strength ceramsite comprise the following components in parts by mass:
main materials: 108 parts and auxiliary materials: 10 parts of a composite pore-forming agent: 12 parts, flux a: 3.5 parts, fluxing agent B4.5 parts, binder: 5.5 portions of water is additionally added, and the water-material ratio is 0.22. Wherein:
the main material is iron tailing sedimentary rock powder, and the iron tailing sedimentary rock powder is sieved by a 200-mesh sieve (the granularity is below 0.074 mm).
The composite pore-forming agent is a mixture of pulverized coal, sawdust and corn straw according to the mass part ratio of 0.3:0.3:0.4, wherein the pulverized coal is anthracite, the sawdust and the corn straw are respectively ground and sieved by a 120-mesh sieve (the granularity is below 0.117 mm).
The adjuvant is bauxite A120365.9 percent of the mass content and 7.4 percent of the mass content of Fe, and grinding and sieving the mixture by a 120-mesh sieve (the granularity is less than 0.117 mm).
The fluxing agent A is limestone, wherein CaCO3The mass content is 98.4 percent, and the mixture is ground and sieved by a 200-mesh sieve (the granularity is below 0.074 mm).
The fluxing agent B is magnesium oxide, the purity of the magnesium oxide is 92.3 percent, and the magnesium oxide is ground and sieved by a 200-mesh sieve (the granularity is less than 0.074 mm).
The binder is a mixture of citric acid and hydroxypropyl cellulose.
The water is used as the water for building materials, and the corresponding national standard specifications are implemented.
In this embodiment, the production process of the environment-friendly low-density high-strength ceramsite is as follows:
1) making raw material kernels;
selecting and storing materials according to national building material standards.
Secondly, the materials are automatically measured by an electronic scale according to a set mixing proportion through a conveyer, the main materials, the composite pore-forming agent, the fluxing agent A and the binder are input into a stirring machine and are uniformly stirred to obtain the core-making material.
Thirdly, the nucleating material is placed in a disc granulator to produce raw material cores, the disc rotating speed is 20r/min, the disc inclination angle is 50 degrees, water is sprayed in the whole process until the diameter of the raw material cores reaches
Figure BDA0002626680740000101
Stopping the machine to discharge.
2) Making green pellets (encrustation);
selecting and storing materials according to national building material standards.
Secondly, automatically metering the materials by an electronic scale according to a set mixing proportion through a conveyer, inputting the auxiliary materials and the fluxing agent B into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain the shell-wrapped material.
Thirdly, the raw material kernel and the coating shell are placed in a disc balling machine to produce raw material balls, and the rotating speed of the disc is 20rmin, disc inclination 50 degrees, spraying water in the whole process until the diameter of the raw material ball reaches
Figure BDA0002626680740000102
Stopping discharging;
3) naturally drying the raw material balls indoors for 24 hours, and then drying the raw material balls in a drying kiln for 8 hours at 100 ℃ for later use;
4) the raw material balls are preheated and then enter a rotary kiln for roasting, the axial inclination of the rotary kiln is 3.5 degrees, the rotating speed is 4r/min, and the roasting temperature is 1310 ℃. Preheating at 600 deg.C for 15 min; when the roasting temperature of the rotary kiln is increased from 600 ℃ to 900 ℃, the temperature rising speed is 15 ℃/min; when the temperature is increased from 900 ℃ to 1200 ℃, the temperature rising speed is 15 ℃/min; when the temperature is increased from 1200 ℃ to 1300 ℃, the temperature rising speed is 8 ℃/min;
5) and cooling the roasted material balls by a single-cylinder cooler and an air cooler. When cooling, rapidly cooling from 1310 ℃ to 700 ℃ at a cooling speed of 50 ℃/min, and then slowly cooling to 400 ℃ at a cooling speed of 10 ℃/min; finally, rapidly cooling to room temperature at a cooling speed of 50 ℃/min.
6) And screening the cooled material balls through a rotary screen.
7) According to lightweight aggregate and test method part 1: the prepared finished ceramsite is detected by GB/T17431.1-2010 light aggregate, JGJ51-2002 light aggregate concrete technical code and JGJ/T193-2009 concrete durability test evaluation Standard, and the bulk density is 665.3Kg/m3The water absorption rate is 2.26 percent, and the cylinder pressure strength is 12.9 MPa; when the times of freeze-thaw resistance cycle are 100 times, the mass loss is 2.76 percent, and the strength loss is 16.5 percent.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The environment-friendly low-density high-strength ceramsite is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass: 100-120 parts of main materials; 10-12 parts of auxiliary materials; 10-12 parts of a composite pore-forming agent; 3-3.6 parts of a fluxing agent A and 4-4.8 parts of a fluxing agent B; 5-6 parts of a binder; and in addition, water is added, and the water-material ratio is 0.18-0.22: 1; wherein:
the main material is one or more of iron tailing sedimentary rock powder, iron tailing powder, steel slag powder and coal ash;
the auxiliary material is bauxite;
the composite pore-forming agent is a mixture of coal powder, sawdust and corn straws, wherein the coal powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: saw dust: the corn straw comprises the following components in parts by mass: (0.2-0.4): 0.3-0.5);
the fluxing agent A is limestone or carbide mud; and the fluxing agent B is calcium oxide or magnesium oxide.
2. The environment-friendly low-density high-strength ceramsite according to claim 1, wherein the main material is finely ground and sieved by a 200-mesh sieve, and the particle size of the main material is less than 0.074 mm.
3. The environment-friendly low-density high-strength ceramsite according to claim 1, wherein the pulverized coal is anthracite; the sawdust and the corn straw are respectively ground and sieved by a 120-mesh sieve, namely the granularity is below 0.117 mm.
4. The environment-friendly low-density high-strength ceramsite according to claim 1, wherein the bauxite contains A1203Not less than 55 percent and Fe 6-8 percent; the bauxite is ground and sieved by a 120-mesh sieve, namely the granularity is below 0.117 mm.
5. The environment-friendly low-density high-strength ceramsite according to claim 1, wherein the limestone contains CaCO3More than or equal to 98.3 percent, and after grinding the limestone, sieving the limestone with a 200-mesh sieve, namely the granularity is less than 0.074 mm; ca (OH) in the calcium carbide mud2More than or equal to 98.3 percent, and the carbide mud is ground and sieved by a 200-mesh sieve, namely the granularity is below 0.074 mm.
6. The environment-friendly low-density high-strength ceramsite according to claim 1, wherein the purity of the calcium oxide is more than or equal to 90.0%, and the calcium oxide is ground and then sieved by a 200-mesh sieve, namely the granularity is less than 0.074 mm; the purity of the magnesium oxide is more than or equal to 90.0 percent, and the magnesium oxide is ground and then sieved by a 200-mesh sieve, namely the granularity is less than 0.074 mm.
7. The environment-friendly low-density high-strength ceramsite according to claim 1, wherein the binder is one or more than two of sodium polyphosphate, citric acid, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and ester ether mixed derivatives.
8. The process for producing environment-friendly low-density high-strength ceramsite according to any one of claims 1-7, comprising:
1) making raw material kernels;
firstly, according to a set mixing proportion, automatically metering by an electronic scale, inputting a main material, a composite pore-forming agent, a fluxing agent A and a binder into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring to prepare a core-making material;
secondly, the nucleating material is placed in a disc granulator to produce raw material cores, the rotating speed of the disc is 20 to 30r/min, the inclination angle of the disc is 40 to 50 degrees, water is sprayed in the whole process, and the diameter of the raw material cores reaches
Figure FDA0002626680730000021
Stopping discharging;
2) manufacturing raw material balls;
firstly, according to a set mixing proportion, automatically metering by an electronic scale, inputting auxiliary materials and a fluxing agent B into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring to prepare a coating material;
secondly, placing the raw material core and the wrapping shell material into a disc ball forming mill to produce raw material balls, rotating the disc at 20-30 r/min and inclining the disc at 40-50 degrees, spraying water in the whole process until the diameter of the raw material balls reaches
Figure FDA0002626680730000022
Stopping discharging;
3) naturally drying the raw material balls indoors for more than 24 hours, then putting the raw material balls into a drying kiln, and drying for 6-8 hours at the temperature of 80-120 ℃ for later use;
4) preheating raw material balls, and then feeding the preheated raw material balls into a rotary kiln for roasting, wherein the axial gradient of the rotary kiln is 3.5-4 degrees, the rotating speed of forward rotation and reverse rotation is 1-5 r/min, a variable frequency motor is adopted for regulating the rotating speed, and the roasting temperature is 1200-1310 ℃;
5) cooling the roasted material balls by a single-cylinder cooler and an air cooler;
6) and screening the cooled pellets by a rotary screen to obtain the ceramsite finished product with the water absorption rate of less than or equal to 3%, and through freeze-thaw cycling for more than 100 times, the mass loss is less than or equal to 4%, and the strength loss is less than or equal to 20%.
9. The process for producing environment-friendly low-density high-strength ceramsite according to claim 8, wherein in the step 4), the temperature of the green pellets in the preheating stage is controlled to be 400-600 ℃, and the preheating time is 15-20 min.
10. The process for producing environment-friendly low-density high-strength ceramsite according to claim 8, wherein in the step 5), when the roasting temperature of the rotary kiln is increased from 600 ℃ to 900 ℃, the temperature increase speed is 15-20 ℃/min; when the roasting temperature of the rotary kiln is increased from 900 ℃ to 1200 ℃, the temperature increasing speed is 15-20 ℃/min; when the roasting temperature of the rotary kiln is increased from 1200 ℃ to 1310 ℃, the temperature rising speed is 5-10 ℃/min; in the step 6), when the material balls are cooled, the material balls are quickly cooled to 700 ℃ from 1310 ℃ at a cooling speed of 40-60 ℃/min, and then are slowly cooled to 400 ℃ at a cooling speed of 5-15 ℃/min; and finally, rapidly cooling to room temperature at a cooling speed of 40-60 ℃/min.
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CN110615667A (en) * 2018-06-19 2019-12-27 华北理工大学 Core-shell structure ceramsite based on iron tailings and alkaline residues and preparation method thereof
CN110981536A (en) * 2019-12-26 2020-04-10 西安建筑科技大学 Method and system for preparing steel slag ceramsite
CN111056759A (en) * 2019-12-27 2020-04-24 西安建筑科技大学 Core-shell structure ceramsite coating layer additive and application thereof

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CN113603229A (en) * 2021-08-24 2021-11-05 东北师范大学 Method for removing nitrogen and phosphorus from domestic sewage
CN113698144A (en) * 2021-08-27 2021-11-26 长江水利委员会长江科学院 Freeze-thaw resistant foam concrete for alpine and high-altitude areas and preparation method thereof
CN116925734A (en) * 2023-09-15 2023-10-24 成都理工大学 Functionalized oil displacement type propping agent and preparation method and application thereof
CN116925734B (en) * 2023-09-15 2023-11-21 成都理工大学 Functionalized oil displacement type propping agent and preparation method and application thereof

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Application publication date: 20201117