CN111941836B - Composite material 3D printing porous nozzle integrating wire laying, forming and cutting and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a composite material 3D printing porous spray head integrating wire laying, molding and cutting and a method, wherein the spray head comprises a fiber resin porous wire feeding spray head, a carbon fiber wire cutting mechanism and a fiber wire laying stopping mechanism, the fiber resin porous wire feeding spray head comprises a spray head basic frame and a porous wire feeding nozzle, and the porous wire feeding nozzle penetrates through the spray head basic frame and extends downwards to form a porous wire laying head and a resin heating spray head; the carbon fiber wire cutting mechanism can realize partial cutting and shaping of the fiber wires, and the fiber wire laying stopping mechanism can clamp the fiber wires before cutting. The invention can realize the synchronous implementation of the simultaneous laying, curing and pressing of a plurality of carbon fiber yarns, improve the processing efficiency, realize the laying and the arbitrary cutting of the carbon fibers at any angle, save materials and have high automation degree.

Description

Composite material 3D printing porous nozzle integrating wire laying, forming and cutting and method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fiber-reinforced 3D printing, and particularly relates to a composite material 3D printing porous nozzle integrating fiber laying, molding and cutting and a method.

Background

The fiber reinforced composite material is generally accepted in modern manufacturing industry due to a series of advantages of high specific strength, high specific modulus, ablation resistance, erosion resistance and the like, and has become an important structural material in modern industry, particularly aerospace, national defense and military, automobile racing, robots and medical fields, and the development of the fiber reinforced composite material is very rapid. In recent years, various composite material manufacturing technologies have come to light, and among them, the application of the fiber placement technology in the manufacture of high-performance composite material parts for aerospace, aviation and the like has received various attentions. The composite material fiber laying forming technology is a full-automatic composite material processing technology developed in the 70 th 20 th century as an improvement on fiber winding and automatic tape laying technologies, is also one of the composite material automatic forming manufacturing technologies which are developed fastest and have the highest efficiency in recent years, and has the advantages of high production speed, stable product quality, high reliability and the like.

However, although the fiber laying technology of the composite material eliminates the problem of fiber weaving in the traditional composite material manufacturing process, and can lay the complex curved surface structure, the process needs a pre-customized mold, and the manufacturing cost of the large mold is very expensive, meanwhile, the fiber laying equipment is very complex, and generally needs expensive electron beams or lasers as heat sources for curing, which causes the manufacturing cost of the equipment itself to be very high, further increases the price of the composite material part prepared by the fiber laying process, and the fiber laying process is only suitable for laying and molding the composite material structure with the regular surface, so that the manufacturing of the composite material part with the three-dimensional complex structure is difficult to realize, and the application of the fiber reinforced composite material in wider fields is greatly hindered.

At present, people have conducted intensive research in the field of fiber reinforced composite printing, and some fiber reinforced composite printing nozzles have been designed, but some problems still exist. For example, Chinese patent (publication No. CN104441658A, published: 2015: 04/22) discloses a continuous fiber reinforced intelligent composite material 3D printing head, and a certain concept is provided based on hot melting and curing continuous fibers, but the printing mode of the equipment is similar to that of the traditional 3D printing, only the most basic composite material 3D printing concept can be provided, some special requirements cannot be met efficiently, and the function is too single. Chinese patent (publication number: CN109016490A, published: 2018, 12/18/h) discloses a continuous fiber reinforced composite 3D printer nozzle device with an integrated structure, wherein a matrix/support material printing device and a fiber printing device are integrated to print composite fiber filaments which are processed in advance, but the matrix/support material printing device and the fiber printing device print alternately in the printing process, so that simultaneous printing cannot be realized, the efficiency is relatively low, the property of a matrix material in the alternate process cannot be guaranteed to be in an optimal state, and the structural performance of a finished composite material can be influenced. Chinese patent (publication No. CN108437457A, published: 2018, 08 and 24) discloses a printing nozzle for printing fiber reinforced composite materials, but the nozzle cannot lay multiple fibers simultaneously and cannot freely change the space between the fibers, so that the printing efficiency is low. Although the patent is provided with the independent thread laying head and the resin spray head, the thread laying can not be realized at the same time, and the structural strength is not high; although additive manufacturing is adopted, the residual silk cannot be effectively removed when the residual silk is processed, and the finished product finish degree is not high. Chinese patent (publication No. CN107443739A, published: 2017, 12 and 08) discloses a 3D printing nozzle capable of cutting continuous fiber reinforced composite materials, and although a cutting device is designed, the device can only cut regular boundaries, but cannot cut fiber reinforced composite materials with irregular boundaries, and does not meet the processing requirements of special design pieces.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the composite material 3D printing porous spray head integrating fiber laying, forming and cutting and the method, which can realize simultaneous laying, curing and pressing of a plurality of carbon fiber wires, improve the processing efficiency, realize laying and arbitrary cutting of carbon fibers at any angle, save materials and have high automation degree.

A composite material 3D printing porous nozzle integrating wire laying, molding and cutting comprises a fiber resin porous wire feeding nozzle, a carbon fiber wire cutting mechanism and a fiber wire laying stopping mechanism;

the fiber resin porous wire feeding spray head comprises a spray head base frame and a porous wire feeding spray nozzle, wherein the porous wire feeding spray nozzle is fixedly arranged on the spray head base frame, and the porous wire feeding spray nozzle penetrates through the spray head base frame and extends downwards to form a porous wire laying head and a resin heating spray head; an upper extending frame and a lower extending frame extend out of the spray head base frame;

the carbon fiber yarn cutting mechanism comprises a rotary blade, a cutting mechanism push-pull motor and a cutting mechanism stepping motor, wherein the rotary blade is sequentially connected with the cutting mechanism stepping motor and the cutting mechanism push-pull motor, and the cutting mechanism push-pull motor is fixed on the lower extension frame;

the fiber yarn laying stopping mechanism comprises a groove clamping plate and a fiber yarn laying stopping clamp, the groove clamping plate is fixedly arranged above the porous yarn feeding nozzle, and the fiber yarn laying stopping clamp is connected to the upper extending frame through a stopping mechanism push-pull motor and a stopping mechanism stepping motor.

The upper surface of the porous wire feeding nozzle is provided with a wire through hole, and the porous wire laying head is provided with a wire outlet hole.

The porous fiber resin wire feeding nozzle further comprises a driving tension wheel and a driven tension wheel, the driving tension wheel and the driven tension wheel are arranged between the porous wire laying head and the nozzle foundation frame, and the driving tension wheel is connected with a tension wheel stepping motor.

The driven tension wheel is a multi-working-section wheel comprising a large-diameter section and a small-diameter section, and when different working sections participate in working, the device is in different gears.

The fiber resin porous wire feeding nozzle with the pressing wheel further comprises a pressing wheel, the pressing wheel is connected to one side of the nozzle foundation frame through a support, and the pressing wheel is a roller.

The groove clamping plate and the fiber filament laying stopping clamp are provided with grooves which can be mutually meshed.

The use method of the composite material 3D printing porous spray head integrating wire laying, molding and cutting comprises the following steps:

step 1: before the fiber yarn is led into and laid, the fiber yarn is pre-wound on a driving tension wheel and a driven tension wheel in an S shape, and the fiber yarn is deflected to the driven wheel when entering the yarn; introducing granular resin into a resin extruder, connecting a resin pipeline of the extruder with a resin heating nozzle, and moving a fiber resin porous wire feeding nozzle;

step 2: starting a tension wheel stepping motor while feeding the fiber resin porous wire feeding nozzle, driving the tension wheel to roll, driving the driven tension wheel to tension and rotate, drawing a plurality of fiber wires to discharge the wires from the porous wire laying head, and tensioning and finishing wire discharge; after the fiber filaments are attached to the lifting processing platform, discharging the hot-melt thermoplastic material from the resin heating nozzle through a resin pipeline, and realizing the synchronous laying of the thermoplastic material and the fiber filaments;

and step 3: the method comprises the following steps that (1) a pressing wheel 10 compacts a thermoplastic material and fiber yarns in a hot-melting state on the surface of a processing platform of a 3D printer along with the movement of a fiber resin porous wire feeding nozzle, the strength of a finished product of a composite material of the thermoplastic material and the fiber yarns is enhanced, the fiber yarns are laid on the processing platform in a belt shape in the printing process, meanwhile, resin is laid, the fiber yarns laid on the processing platform are soaked, and the pressing wheel rolls along with the processing movement of the nozzle to press the laid fiber yarns into the resin;

and 4, step 4: in the laying process, when the edge is required to be cut, starting a stopping mechanism push-pull motor and a stopping mechanism stepping motor, feeding a fiber yarn laying stopping clamp, and clamping the fiber yarn of the hole corresponding to the cut fiber yarn; simultaneously starting a push-pull motor of the cutting mechanism and a stepping motor of the cutting mechanism, feeding and rotationally cutting the cellosilk by a rotary blade, and controlling the quantity of the cut cellosilk by controlling the feeding quantity to realize irregular processing of the cutting edge;

and 5: and (3) closing the tensioning wheel stepping motor after cutting off all the carbon fiber wires until the shape requirement of the finished product is finished, resetting the fiber wire laying stopping clamp and the rotary blade, and closing the stopping mechanism push-pull motor, the stopping mechanism stepping motor, the cutting push-pull motor and the cutting mechanism stepping motor.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a composite material 3D printing porous spray head integrating wire laying, forming and cutting and a method, which integrate a plurality of fiber wires into a composite material 3D printing spray head integrating laying, forming, tensioning, pressing, cutting and shaping, and have the following beneficial effects:

1. the device is provided with the fiber resin porous wire feeding nozzle, so that a plurality of fiber wires can be laid simultaneously, and the processing efficiency is greatly improved;

2. the driven tension wheel in the device can adjust the gear, thereby realizing the change of the laying distance of the carbon fiber yarns and meeting the preparation of fiber reinforced composite materials with different strength requirements;

3. the device adopts the driving tensioning wheel and the driven tensioning wheel to tension the fiber, so that insufficient tensioning of the fiber is avoided, and the strength of the fiber is effectively ensured;

4. the device adopts the pressing wheel to realize the simultaneous pressing of fiber yarn and resin material, thereby saving the processing time and improving the processing efficiency;

5. the carbon fiber wire cutting mechanism in the device can realize the arbitrary cutting of the fiber wire, and can meet the requirement for processing the irregular edge of the finished product;

6. the fiber yarn laying stopping mechanism in the device realizes the function in the cutting process, and clamps the carbon fiber yarns to be cut before cutting, thereby avoiding the interference of the unnecessary fiber yarns on a machine and avoiding possible material waste.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a side view of a 3D printing head of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a carbon fiber filament cutting mechanism according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a filament lay-down stopping mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of the introduction of carbon fiber filaments during operation of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a driven tension wheel used for fiber spacing shifting in the invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a driven tensioner structure and gears provided by the embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the driven idler of the embodiment in gear one;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the driven idler in gear two provided by the embodiment;

fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the driven idler provided by the embodiment in gear three;

fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the driven idler in gear four provided by the embodiment;

FIG. 12 is a schematic working diagram of a carbon fiber cutting mechanism and a fiber laying stopping mechanism of the 3D printing nozzle provided by the embodiment;

fig. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of a filament-resin laying and pressing wheel of the 3D printing nozzle provided by the embodiment;

wherein:

1-a spray head base frame, 2-an upper extension frame, 3-a lower extension frame, 4-a porous wire feeding nozzle, 5-a driving tension wheel, 6-a tension wheel stepping motor, 7-a driven tension wheel, 8-a porous wire laying head, 9-a resin heating spray head, 10-a pressing wheel, 11-a rotary blade, 12-a cutting mechanism push-pull motor, 13-a cutting mechanism stepping motor, 14-a groove clamping plate, 15-a fiber wire laying stopping clamp, 16-a stopping mechanism push-pull motor, 17-a stopping mechanism stepping motor, 18-a connecting shaft, 19-a belt and 20-a sliding chute.

Detailed Description

For better understanding of the present invention, the technical solutions and effects of the present invention will be described in detail by the following embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

A composite material 3D printing porous nozzle integrating wire laying, molding and cutting comprises a fiber resin porous wire feeding nozzle, a carbon fiber wire cutting mechanism and a fiber wire laying stopping mechanism;

as shown in fig. 1-2 (wherein (a) and (b) in fig. 1 are schematic diagrams of an overall structure of a porous nozzle at two angles, respectively), the fiber resin porous wire feeding nozzle includes a nozzle base frame 1 and a porous wire feeding nozzle 4, the porous wire feeding nozzle 4 is fixedly mounted on the nozzle base frame 1, a wire passing hole is formed on the upper surface of the porous wire feeding nozzle 4, the porous wire feeding nozzle 4 penetrates through the nozzle base frame 1 and extends downwards to form a porous wire laying head 8 and a resin heating nozzle 9, and a wire outlet hole is formed on the porous wire laying head 8. An upper extension frame 2 and a lower extension frame 3 extend from the nozzle base frame 1.

As shown in fig. 1-2, the fiber resin porous wire feeding nozzle further includes a driving tension pulley 5 and a driven tension pulley 7, an insertion hole is formed on the nozzle base frame 1 above the porous wire laying head 8, the driving tension pulley 5 and the driven tension pulley 7 are arranged between the porous wire laying head 8 and the nozzle base frame 1, and the driving tension pulley 5 and the driven tension pulley 7 are inserted into the insertion hole; be connected with take-up pulley step motor 6 on the take-up pulley 5 of initiative, take-up pulley 5 of initiative is driven by take-up pulley step motor 6, and then drives driven take-up pulley 7 rotatory, and take-up pulley 5 of initiative makes the cellosilk tensioning with driven take-up pulley 7, reinforcing cellosilk intensity, and the discharge of cellosilk can be driven in the rotation of take-up pulley 5 of initiative and driven take-up pulley 7 simultaneously.

As shown in fig. 1-2, the pressing wheel 10 is a fiber resin porous wire feeding nozzle, the pressing wheel 10 is connected to one side of the nozzle base frame 1 through a support, the pressing wheel 10 is a roller, and moves along with the fiber resin porous wire feeding nozzle moving during processing, and contacts and rolls with the lifting processing platform, so as to compress and solidify the fiber filaments and the resin discharged from the lifting processing platform.

As shown in fig. 1-3, the carbon fiber cutting mechanism includes a rotary blade 11, a cutting mechanism push-pull motor 12 and a cutting mechanism step motor 13, the rotary blade 11 is sequentially connected with the cutting mechanism step motor 13 and the cutting mechanism push-pull motor 12, the cutting mechanism push-pull motor 12 is fixed on the lower extension frame 3, and the carbon fiber cutting mechanism can control the number and length of the carbon fiber wires to be cut through the cutting mechanism step motor 13 to realize partial cutting; the partial trimming while machining may allow for irregular handling of the workpiece edges, such as beveled edges, serrated edges.

As shown in fig. 4, the fiber filament laying stopping mechanism comprises a groove clamping plate 14 and a fiber filament laying stopping clamp 15, wherein grooves which can be mutually meshed are arranged on the groove clamping plate 14 and the fiber filament laying stopping clamp 15, the groove clamping plate 14 is fixedly arranged above the porous filament feeding nozzle 4, and the fiber filament laying stopping clamp 15 is connected to the upper extension frame 2 through a stopping mechanism push-pull motor 16 and a stopping mechanism stepping motor 17; the moving distance of the fiber yarn laying stopping clamp 15 is controlled by a stopping mechanism push-pull motor 16, so that the quantity of the carbon fiber yarns to be cut is controlled; when the carbon fiber wire is moved to the part needing to be cut, the stop mechanism stepping motor 17 engages and clamps the carbon fiber wire needing to be cut through the fiber wire laying stop clamp 15 and the groove clamp plate 14, so that the part of the carbon fiber wire stops feeding the carbon fiber wire, and the preparation is made for realizing the partial cutting. The fiber filament laying stopping mechanism is designed by matching with the carbon fiber filament cutting mechanism, when part of the fiber filaments are cut off and part of the fiber filaments of the porous filament laying head 8 are not allowed to be discharged, the fiber filament laying stopping mechanism is used for clamping the filament feeding end of the fiber filaments with the length, and therefore filament laying is stopped in fiber filament holes corresponding to the cut fiber filaments.

As shown in fig. 12, in the cutting motion, taking three carbon fiber yarns to be cut as an example, the position of the carbon fiber yarn laying stopping mechanism is determined by the stopping mechanism push-pull motor 16, and the carbon fiber yarns corresponding to the yarn feeding ends of the three holes are clamped, so that the carbon fibers corresponding to the three holes cannot be driven out, the cutting mechanism push-pull motor 12 and the cutting mechanism stepping motor 13 are started at the same time, the rotary blade 11 starts to work, the cutting mechanism push-pull motor 12 drives the rotary blade 11 to advance to the third hole, and the cutting of the three carbon fiber yarns is completed at this time.

As shown in fig. 7, the driven tension pulley 7 is a multi-working-section wheel including a large-diameter section and a small-diameter section, four parallel scale grooves are formed at one end of the driven tension pulley 7, a sliding groove 20 is formed at a position, close to the jack of the driven tension pulley 7, of the nozzle base frame 1, a connecting shaft 18 is fixed at a position, close to the driven tension pulley 7, a belt 19 is installed between the scale grooves of the driven tension pulley 7 and the connecting shaft 18, when the belt 19 is installed in different scale grooves, different working sections in the driven tension pulley 7 participate in working, at this time, the device is in different gears, and the change principle of the gears is as follows: when changing the gear, the driven tension pulley 7 is moved along the sliding groove 20 to pull the driven tension pulley 7 out of the insertion hole, and the belt 19 is moved from one of the scale grooves to the other scale groove to realize gear shifting, as shown in fig. 6. Therefore, the 3D printer is the controllable device of gear, the gear refers to the carbon fiber silk threading hole interval of actual effect in printing, changes the gear and can realize independently adjusting and spread silk density, is fit for the printing of the finished product that different intensity needs, simultaneously save material. The porous silk shower nozzle that send of fibre resin of the printer that this embodiment provided includes nine wire feed holes altogether, is the working section that 1 ~ 9 number wire feed holes correspond from a left side to the right side in proper order, can divide into four gears, gear one: 1. no. 5 and No. 9 wire outlet holes participate in printing, and the gear position is two: 1. no. 4 and No. 7 wire outlet holes participate in printing, and the gear is three: 1. no. 3, 5, 7, 9 go out the silk hole and participate in printing, gear four: 1. and the No. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 wire outlet holes participate in printing. Through changing the wire feed holes participating in the work, the printing distance of the carbon fiber wires is further changed, and the printing of different fiber wire distances of the workpiece can be realized. The diameter of the driving tension pulley 5 provided in this embodiment is 0.8mm, the large diameter of the driven tension pulley 7 is 0.8mm, the small diameter of the driven tension pulley 7 is 0.5mm, and the total of 18 segments are 4.03mm, 1.65mm, 1.1mm, 0.55mm, 1.1mm, 1.65mm, 0.55mm, 1.65mm, 1.1mm, 0.55mm, four scale grooves on the rightmost side represent four gears, and the gear spacing is 0.55mm, and from right to left represent gear one, gear two, gear three, and gear four respectively, the carbon fiber filament outlet hole diameter provided in this embodiment is 2.2mm, the center distance between two tension pulleys is 1.28mm, and the diameter of the carbon fiber filament in this embodiment is 0.5mm, therefore, when the working segment is the large diameter of the driven tension pulley 7, the distance between the carbon fiber filament outlet is 0.5mm, and the balance of the carbon fiber is less than 0.5mm, the allowance of the center distance is 0.73mm which is larger than 0.5mm of the carbon fiber, the driving tension pulley 5 and the driven tension pulley 7 can not clamp the carbon fiber, namely, a carbon fiber outlet hole positioned in the large-diameter working section can drive the carbon fiber to be discharged through the driving tension pulley 5 and the driven tension pulley 7, so that the carbon fiber is laid; the carbon fiber wires in the carbon fiber wire outlet holes of the small-diameter working section cannot be driven by the driving tension pulley 5 and the driven tension pulley 7 to be discharged, and cannot be laid, so that the printing intervals of different carbon fiber wire outlet holes are controlled, namely the gear control is realized, and the gear interval is 0.55mm, and is set by reserving a certain margin on the basis that the diameter of the carbon fiber is 0.5 mm. As shown in fig. 8-11, when working at different gears, the carbon fiber filament outlet holes correspond to the working section schematic diagrams of the driven tension wheel 7, and the drawing is divided into working sections with deep parts, so as to explain the working states of the carbon fiber filament outlet holes at different gears, the carbon fiber filament outlet hole at the large diameter working section is in a tensioned working state, and the carbon fiber filament outlet hole at the small diameter working section is in an inoperative state.

The use method of the composite material 3D printing porous spray head integrating wire laying, molding and cutting comprises the following steps:

step 1: before the fiber yarn is led into and laid, the fiber yarn is pre-wound on a driving tension wheel 5 and a driven tension wheel 7 in an S shape, and is deflected to a driven wheel when the fiber yarn is fed; introducing granular resin into a resin extruder, and connecting a resin pipeline of the extruder with a resin heating nozzle, wherein EVA resin granules are adopted in the embodiment, and the fiber resin porous wire feeding nozzle moves when printing is started;

step 2: starting a tension pulley stepping motor 6 when the fiber resin porous wire feeding nozzle feeds, driving a tension pulley 5 to roll, driving a driven tension pulley 7 to tension and rotate, ensuring that a plurality of fiber wires are distributed side by side without entanglement, drawing the plurality of fiber wires to discharge from a porous wire laying head 8, and tensioning and finishing wire discharge, as shown in fig. 5; after the fiber filaments are attached to the lifting processing platform, the hot-melt thermoplastic material is discharged from the resin heating nozzle 9 through a resin pipeline, so that the synchronous laying of the thermoplastic material and the fiber filaments is realized, as shown in fig. 13;

and step 3: the method comprises the following steps that (1) a pressing wheel 10 presses a thermoplastic material and fiber yarns in a hot-melting state on the surface of a processing platform of a 3D printer along with the movement of a porous fiber-feeding sprayer of fiber resin, the strength of a finished product of a composite material of the thermoplastic material and the fiber yarns is enhanced, the fiber yarns are laid on the processing platform in a belt shape in the printing process, meanwhile, resin is laid, the fiber yarns laid on the processing platform are soaked, and the pressing wheel 10 rolls along with the processing movement of the sprayer to press the laid fiber yarns into the resin;

and 4, step 4: in the laying process, when the edge is required to be cut, the stopping mechanism push-pull motor 16 and the stopping mechanism stepping motor 17 are started, the fiber yarn laying stopping clamp 15 feeds to clamp the fiber yarn of the hole corresponding to the cut fiber yarn; simultaneously starting a cutting mechanism push-pull motor 12 and a cutting mechanism stepping motor 13, feeding and rotationally cutting the cellosilk by a rotary blade 11, and controlling the quantity of the cut cellosilk by controlling the feeding quantity to realize irregular processing of the cutting edge;

and 5: and (3) closing the tensioning wheel stepping motor 6 after cutting off all the carbon fiber wires until the shape requirement of the finished product is finished, resetting the fiber wire laying stopping clamp 15 and the rotary blade 11, and closing the stopping mechanism push-pull motor 16, the stopping mechanism stepping motor 17, the cutting push-pull motor and the cutting mechanism stepping motor 13.

Finally, it is to be noted that: the above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (5)

1. The utility model provides a compound material 3D who cuts integration is tailor in laying silk shaping prints porous shower nozzle which characterized in that: the device comprises a fiber resin porous wire feeding nozzle, a carbon fiber wire cutting mechanism and a fiber wire laying stopping mechanism;

the fiber resin porous wire feeding spray head comprises a spray head base frame and a porous wire feeding spray nozzle, wherein the porous wire feeding spray nozzle is fixedly arranged on the spray head base frame, and the porous wire feeding spray nozzle penetrates through the spray head base frame and extends downwards to form a porous wire laying head and a resin heating spray head; an upper extending frame and a lower extending frame extend out of the spray head base frame;

the carbon fiber yarn cutting mechanism comprises a rotary blade, a cutting mechanism push-pull motor and a cutting mechanism stepping motor, wherein the rotary blade is sequentially connected with the cutting mechanism stepping motor and the cutting mechanism push-pull motor, and the cutting mechanism push-pull motor is fixed on the lower extension frame;

the fiber yarn laying stopping mechanism comprises a groove clamping plate and a fiber yarn laying stopping clamp, the groove clamping plate is fixedly arranged above the porous yarn feeding nozzle, and the fiber yarn laying stopping clamp is connected to the upper extending frame through a stopping mechanism push-pull motor and a stopping mechanism stepping motor;

the fiber resin porous wire feeding nozzle also comprises a driving tension wheel and a driven tension wheel, the driving tension wheel and the driven tension wheel are arranged between the porous wire laying head and the nozzle base frame, the driving tension wheel is connected with a tension wheel stepping motor,

the driven tension wheel is a multi-working-section wheel comprising a large-diameter section and a small-diameter section, and when different working sections participate in working, the device is in different gears.

2. The composite material 3D printing porous nozzle integrating wire laying, forming and cutting as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the upper surface of the porous wire feeding nozzle is provided with a wire through hole, and the porous wire laying head is provided with a wire outlet hole.

3. The composite material 3D printing porous nozzle integrating wire laying, forming and cutting as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fiber resin porous wire feeding nozzle with the pressing wheel further comprises a pressing wheel, the pressing wheel is connected to one side of the nozzle foundation frame through a support, and the pressing wheel is a roller.

4. The composite material 3D printing porous nozzle integrating wire laying, forming and cutting as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the groove clamping plate and the fiber filament laying stopping clamp are provided with grooves which can be mutually meshed.

5. The use method of the composite material 3D printing porous spray head integrating wire laying, forming and cutting as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

step 1: before the fiber yarn is led into and laid, the fiber yarn is pre-wound on a driving tension wheel and a driven tension wheel in an S shape, and the fiber yarn is deflected to the driven wheel when entering the yarn; introducing granular resin into a resin extruder, connecting a resin pipeline of the extruder with a resin heating nozzle, and moving a fiber resin porous wire feeding nozzle;

step 2: starting a tension wheel stepping motor while feeding the fiber resin porous wire feeding nozzle, driving the tension wheel to roll, driving the driven tension wheel to tension and rotate, drawing a plurality of fiber wires to discharge the wires from the porous wire laying head, and tensioning and finishing wire discharge; after the fiber filaments are attached to the lifting processing platform, discharging the hot-melt thermoplastic material from the resin heating nozzle through a resin pipeline, and realizing the synchronous laying of the thermoplastic material and the fiber filaments;

and step 3: the method comprises the following steps that (1) a pressing wheel 10 compacts a thermoplastic material and fiber yarns in a hot-melting state on the surface of a processing platform of a 3D printer along with the movement of a fiber resin porous wire feeding nozzle, the strength of a finished product of a composite material of the thermoplastic material and the fiber yarns is enhanced, the fiber yarns are laid on the processing platform in a belt shape in the printing process, meanwhile, resin is laid, the fiber yarns laid on the processing platform are soaked, and the pressing wheel rolls along with the processing movement of the nozzle to press the laid fiber yarns into the resin;

and 4, step 4: in the laying process, when the edge is required to be cut, starting a stopping mechanism push-pull motor and a stopping mechanism stepping motor, feeding a fiber yarn laying stopping clamp, and clamping the fiber yarn of the hole corresponding to the cut fiber yarn; simultaneously starting a push-pull motor of the cutting mechanism and a stepping motor of the cutting mechanism, feeding and rotationally cutting the cellosilk by a rotary blade, and controlling the quantity of the cut cellosilk by controlling the feeding quantity to realize irregular processing of the cutting edge;

and 5: and (3) closing the tensioning wheel stepping motor after cutting off all the carbon fiber wires until the shape requirement of the finished product is finished, resetting the fiber wire laying stopping clamp and the rotary blade, and closing the stopping mechanism push-pull motor, the stopping mechanism stepping motor, the cutting push-pull motor and the cutting mechanism stepping motor.

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