CN111935028A - IOT cluster communication method based on routing mode and MQTT protocol - Google Patents

IOT cluster communication method based on routing mode and MQTT protocol Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111935028A
CN111935028A CN202010991432.9A CN202010991432A CN111935028A CN 111935028 A CN111935028 A CN 111935028A CN 202010991432 A CN202010991432 A CN 202010991432A CN 111935028 A CN111935028 A CN 111935028A
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iot
message
mqtt
server
communication method
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CN111935028B (en
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钱佳俊
王磊
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Zhejiang Baiying Technology Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/51—Discovery or management thereof, e.g. service location protocol [SLP] or web services
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/56—Provisioning of proxy services
    • H04L67/568—Storing data temporarily at an intermediate stage, e.g. caching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/26—Special purpose or proprietary protocols or architectures

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computing Systems (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses an IOT cluster communication method based on a routing mode and an MQTT protocol, which is applied to a server and comprises the following steps: the server side sends a message to the equipment side; when the equipment terminal is not on-line, the server terminal sends the message to the second IOT, and the second IOT stores the message in a local persistent mode; after receiving the message of the on-line of the equipment terminal, the second IOT routes the message to the first IOT, and the first IOT stores the message in a local persistent mode; the first IOT sends the message through MQTT Publish; the device receives the message.

Description

IOT cluster communication method based on routing mode and MQTT protocol
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of communication of the Internet of things, in particular to an IOT cluster communication method based on a routing mode and an MQTT protocol.
Background
At present, the mobile internet of things belongs to the era of mobile internet of things, massive internet of things equipment is accessed into IOT to realize communication, and an MQTT protocol is mostly adopted by an IOT service end to realize communication. Due to the access of mass devices, the clustering of the MQTTBroker is indispensable. The difficulty of MQTT Broker clustering is that the MQTT protocol supports a persistent session mechanism, however, the connection of devices is stateless, and thus, the storage and distribution of offline messages and how to communicate within a cluster are involved.
Most of the MQTT Broker cluster solutions in the current market are based on a broadcast mode, namely when a certain service receives a message, the message is immediately broadcast out in the cluster, each service searches for local online subscribers, and if the message exists, the message is sent out. The method simply and roughly solves the problems mentioned above, is simple to implement, but causes the problem that one message flows once in the whole cluster, which causes excessive network overhead.
In addition, MQTT shared subscription is an advanced load balancing mode, and clients subscribing to the same topic can receive messages pushed by a Broker in turn. The problems that the Broker message amount is too large and the client generates message accumulation are avoided. However, MQTT Broker cluster cannot implement the shared subscription mechanism in MQTT protocol due to the mechanism based on broadcast mode, so that the subscriber cluster desiring shared subscription continuously receives repeated messages.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide an IOT cluster communication method based on a routing mode and an MQTT protocol, and solve the technical problems that the cost of an internal communication network of the existing MQTT cluster is overlarge and a subscriber sharing subscription continuously receives repeated messages.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a routing mode and MQTT protocol based IOT cluster communication method, applied to a server, the method including:
the server side sends a message to the equipment side;
when the equipment terminal is not on line, the server terminal sends the message to a second IOT, and the second IOT stores the message in a local persistent mode;
after receiving a message of on-line of a device terminal, the second IOT routes the message to a first IOT, and the first IOT stores the message in a local persistent mode;
the first IOT sends the message through MQTT Publish;
the device receives the message.
In the above scheme, the establishing, by the device side, a long connection with the first IOT based on MQTT protocol includes:
the device side is connected with the first IOT through nginx through a nginx minimum connection algorithm, the first IOT stores the device information of the device side and the IP information of the first IOT in redis, and forwards the on-line information of the device side to each IOT service based on a netty internal protocol.
In the above aspect, the method further includes:
before the first IOT sends the message through MQTT Publish, registering a retry task by the first IOT;
after the device end receives the message sent by the first IOT, the device end returns a message ACK to the first IOT;
the first IOT clears the retry task and deletes the persisted locally stored messages.
In the above scheme, the first IOT searches for a corresponding retry task based on the MessageID of the header of the MQTT and the device information of the device side.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides an IOT cluster communication method based on a routing mode and an MQTT protocol, which is applied to a device side, and the method includes:
the method comprises the steps that a device side sends a message to a first IOT, and the first IOT stores the message in a persistent mode locally;
the first IOT queries a subscriber list of a server side from a subscription tree based on the message topic reported by the equipment side;
the first IOT routes the message to a second IOT through an internal message according to the IP of a subscriber of the online server;
and the second IOT stores the message in a local persistent mode, searches a subscriber of a local online server and sends the message to the online server through the MQTT.
In the above scheme, the establishing, by the device side, a long connection with the first IOT based on MQTT protocol includes:
the device side is connected with the first IOT through nginx through a nginx minimum connection algorithm, the first IOT stores the device information of the device side and the IP information of the first IOT in redis, and forwards the on-line information of the device side to each IOT service based on a netty internal protocol.
In the above aspect, the method further includes:
after the first IOT queries a subscriber of an online server, the first IOT registers a retry task;
after the second IOT receives the message sent by the first IOT, the second IOT returns a message ACK to the first IOT;
the first IOT clears retry tasks and deletes messages persisted locally.
In the above aspect, the method further includes:
after the second IOT queries a subscriber of a local online server, the second IOT registers a retry task;
after the server receives the message sent by the second IOT, the server returns a message ACK to the second IOT;
the second IOT clears retry tasks and deletes messages persisted locally.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides an IOT cluster communication method based on a routing mode and an MQTT protocol, an MQTT Broker cluster performs cluster internal message communication based on the routing mode, and messages are only forwarded once to avoid invalid network overhead; the cluster adopts redis to maintain the session of the equipment uniformly, and the problem of stateless connection of the equipment is solved; the cluster uses a user-defined protocol to realize message routing communication, an upper-layer MQTT protocol is relied on, each message is persisted before being sent, and a retry task is registered when the message is issued at least once, so that packet loss caused by network jitter is prevented, and message loss or routing failure in the cluster is prevented.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an IOT cluster according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of an IOT cluster communication method based on a routing mode and MQTT protocol according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic flowchart of an IOT cluster communication method based on a routing mode and MQTT protocol according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic flowchart of service discovery and connection establishment inside an IOT cluster according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
At present, the mobile internet of things belongs to the era of mobile internet of things, massive internet of things equipment is accessed into IOT to realize communication, and an MQTT protocol is mostly adopted by an IOT service end to realize communication. Due to the access of mass devices, the clustering of the MQTTBroker is indispensable. The difficulty of MQTT Broker clustering is that the MQTT protocol supports a persistent session mechanism, however, the connection of devices is stateless, and thus, the storage and distribution of offline messages and how to communicate within a cluster are involved.
Most of the MQTT Broker cluster solutions in the current market are based on a broadcast mode, namely when a certain service receives a message, the message is immediately broadcast out in the cluster, each service searches for local online subscribers, and if the message exists, the message is sent out. The method simply and roughly solves the problems mentioned above, is simple to implement, but causes the problem that one message flows once in the whole cluster, which causes excessive network overhead.
In addition, MQTT shared subscription is an advanced load balancing mode, and clients subscribing to the same topic can receive messages pushed by a Broker in turn. The problems that the Broker message amount is too large and the client generates message accumulation are avoided. However, MQTT Broker cluster cannot implement the shared subscription mechanism in MQTT protocol due to the mechanism based on broadcast mode, so that the subscriber cluster desiring shared subscription continuously receives repeated messages.
In order to solve the technical problem that network overhead is too large or subscribers sharing subscriptions continuously receive repeated messages due to the fact that MQTT Broker clustering is adopted in IOT communication of a large number of existing devices, the embodiment of the invention provides an IOT cluster communication method based on a routing mode and an MQTT protocol.
The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a block diagram of an IOT cluster according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, including:
a communication layer, a service layer, a transport layer and a storage layer.
The communication layer uses netty + zookeeper, and MQTT Channel based on netty receives and transmits the information of equipment and subscribers; and (3) using zookeeper for service discovery, and realizing long connection establishment and message routing in the cluster based on a netty custom protocol Channel.
The service layer is a service logic processing layer necessary for the MQTT protocol. According to the MQTT service quality, after the message is persisted, the message is walked to a message routing decision module, whether the subscriber is local or remote or is shared subscription or common subscription is checked, and a batch of subscribers are generated after passing through the message routing decision module and are handed over to a transmission layer.
The transport layer is a module that specifically sends messages to subscribers or routes messages to other services within the cluster.
The storage layer uses redis + rocksdb + mysql, persists QoS 1 (publish at least once) and non-Ack messages based on the rocksdb, maintains global session based on redis, and stores subscription information that needs to persist based on the mysql.
Referring to fig. 2, a schematic flow chart of an IOT cluster communication method based on a routing mode and an MQTT protocol according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, and applied to a server, the method includes:
s201, a server sends a message to an equipment end;
in one example, the device side establishes a long connection with the first IOT based on MQTT protocol, including:
the device side is connected with the first IOT through nginx through a nginx minimum connection algorithm, the first IOT stores the device information of the device side and the IP information of the first IOT in redis, and forwards the on-line information of the device side to each IOT service based on a netty internal protocol.
S202, when the equipment terminal is not on line, the server terminal sends the message to a second IOT, and the second IOT stores the message in a local persistent mode;
s203, after the second IOT receives the message of the on-line device end, the second IOT routes the message to the first IOT, and the first IOT stores the message in a local persistent mode;
s204, the first IOT sends the message through MQTT Publish;
for step S204, before the first IOT sends the message through MQTT Publish, the first IOT registers a retry task.
In one example, the first IOT looks for a corresponding retry task based on the header MessageID of the MQTT and device information on the device side.
S205, the equipment end receives the message.
For step S205, after the device receives the message sent by the first IOT, the device returns a message ACK to the first IOT;
the first IOT clears the retry task and deletes the persisted locally stored messages.
Referring to fig. 3, a schematic flow chart of an IOT cluster communication method based on a routing mode and an MQTT protocol according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, and the method is applied to a device side, and includes:
s301, a device end sends a message to a first IOT, and the first IOT stores the message in a local persistent mode;
in one example, the device side establishes a long connection with the first IOT based on MQTT protocol, including:
the device side is connected with the first IOT through nginx through a nginx minimum connection algorithm, the first IOT stores the device information of the device side and the IP information of the first IOT in redis, and forwards the on-line information of the device side to each IOT service based on a netty internal protocol.
S302, the first IOT queries a subscriber list of a server side from a subscription tree based on the message topic reported by the equipment side;
s303, the first IOT routes the message to a second IOT through an internal message according to the IP of the subscriber of the online server;
for step S303, after the first IOT queries a subscriber of the online server, the first IOT registers a retry task; after the second IOT receives the message sent by the first IOT, the second IOT returns a message ACK to the first IOT; the first IOT clears retry tasks and deletes messages persisted locally.
S304, the second IOT stores the message in a local persistent mode, searches the subscriber of the local online server and sends the message to the online server through the MQTT.
For step S304, after the second IOT queries the subscriber of the local online server, the second IOT registers a retry task; after the server receives the message sent by the second IOT, the server returns a message ACK to the second IOT; the second IOT clears retry tasks and deletes messages persisted locally.
Referring to fig. 4, a schematic flow chart of service discovery and connection establishment inside an IOT cluster according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, and belongs to a communication layer, including:
the IOT service starts a netty custom protocol internal communication service;
when the IOT service is started, creating/IOT/server/ip temporary child nodes to the zookeeper, indicating that the current IOT service is online, and when the service is down, removing the child nodes if the zookeeper cannot receive heartbeat packets of the service;
inquiring all child nodes under/iot/server from zookeeper, actively establishing connection with a service with a sequence smaller than the current service ip dictionary sequence after the memory is sequenced, and maintaining a corresponding Channel in the memory;
monitoring the change of the child node under the zookeeper, comparing the change with a Channel in a memory after the change is generated, executing the previous step if the Channel is newly added, and disconnecting the connection if the Channel is removed;
the total Channel number finally maintained by each service is consistent whether the service is the party in active connection or the party in passive connection;
when the Channel connection is interrupted, the service as the client is actively reconnected.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, which are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. An IOT cluster communication method based on a routing mode and an MQTT protocol is applied to a server and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the server side sends a message to the equipment side;
when the equipment terminal is not on line, the server terminal sends the message to a second IOT, and the second IOT stores the message in a local persistent mode;
after receiving a message of on-line of a device terminal, the second IOT routes the message to a first IOT, and the first IOT stores the message in a local persistent mode;
the first IOT sends the message through MQTT Publish;
the device receives the message.
2. The IOT cluster communication method based on the MQTT protocol and the routing mode as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for establishing the long connection between the device side and the first IOT based on the MQTT protocol comprises the following steps:
the device side is connected with the first IOT through nginx through a nginx minimum connection algorithm, the first IOT stores the device information of the device side and the IP information of the first IOT in redis, and forwards the on-line information of the device side to each IOT service based on a netty internal protocol.
3. The IOT cluster communication method based on the routing mode and MQTT protocol as claimed in claim 1, wherein said method further comprises:
before the first IOT sends the message through MQTT Publish, registering a retry task by the first IOT;
after the device end receives the message sent by the first IOT, the device end returns a message ACK to the first IOT;
the first IOT clears the retry task and deletes the persisted locally stored messages.
4. The IOT cluster communication method based on the MQTT protocol and the routing mode as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first IOT searches for the corresponding retry task based on the head MessageID of the MQTT and the device information of the device side.
5. An IOT cluster communication method based on a routing mode and an MQTT protocol is applied to a device end, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that a device side sends a message to a first IOT, and the first IOT stores the message in a persistent mode locally;
the first IOT queries a subscriber list of a server side from a subscription tree based on the message topic reported by the equipment side;
the first IOT routes the message to a second IOT through an internal message according to the IP of a subscriber of the online server;
and the second IOT stores the message in a local persistent mode, searches a subscriber of a local online server and sends the message to the online server through the MQTT.
6. The IOT cluster communication method based on the MQTT protocol and the routing mode as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method for establishing the long connection between the device side and the first IOT based on the MQTT protocol comprises the following steps:
the device side is connected with the first IOT through nginx through a nginx minimum connection algorithm, the first IOT stores the device information of the device side and the IP information of the first IOT in redis, and forwards the on-line information of the device side to each IOT service based on a netty internal protocol.
7. The IOT cluster communication method based on the routing mode and MQTT protocol of claim 5, which is characterized in that the method further comprises the following steps:
after the first IOT queries a subscriber of an online server, the first IOT registers a retry task;
after the second IOT receives the message sent by the first IOT, the second IOT returns a message ACK to the first IOT;
the first IOT clears retry tasks and deletes messages persisted locally.
8. The IOT cluster communication method based on the routing mode and MQTT protocol of claim 5, which is characterized in that the method further comprises the following steps:
after the second IOT queries a subscriber of a local online server, the second IOT registers a retry task;
after the server receives the message sent by the second IOT, the server returns a message ACK to the second IOT;
the second IOT clears retry tasks and deletes messages persisted locally.
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