CN111934311A - Evaluation method for economical efficiency of cogeneration - Google Patents

Evaluation method for economical efficiency of cogeneration Download PDF

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CN111934311A
CN111934311A CN202010486599.XA CN202010486599A CN111934311A CN 111934311 A CN111934311 A CN 111934311A CN 202010486599 A CN202010486599 A CN 202010486599A CN 111934311 A CN111934311 A CN 111934311A
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energy
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power generation
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蒋国安
张志业
柯展煌
谭锐
蔡培
严晓生
谭宏
张洪涛
殷戈
郭良丹
伍仁杰
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Guodian Quanzhou Thermal Power Co ltd
Guodian Nanjing Electric Power Test Research Co Ltd
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Guodian Nanjing Electric Power Test Research Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses an evaluation method of combined heat and power generation economical efficiency, which comprises exergy analysis of a combined generator set, exergy analysis of input and output of subsystems of the combined generator set and evaluation of an index system based on energy values. The method comprises the steps of analyzing subsystems of the cogeneration unit, such as a fuel system, a boiler system, a steam turbine system, a heat regeneration system and a condensation system, by using an input-output exergy analysis method formed by combining exergy analysis and the characteristics of the input-output method in economics to obtain energy values of energy flows of all the subsystems in the cogeneration unit, and further calculating to obtain high-pressure heat supply efficiency, medium-pressure heat supply efficiency, power generation efficiency and comprehensive utilization efficiency of the heat and power.

Description

Evaluation method for economical efficiency of cogeneration
Technical Field
The invention relates to an evaluation method for the economical efficiency of cogeneration heat, belongs to the field of cogeneration, and particularly relates to the fields of the economical evaluation of cogeneration and the allocation of thermoelectric cost.
Background
With the development of national economy and the increasing attention on environmental protection, the cogeneration has obvious advantages in the aspects of energy conservation and emission reduction due to the characteristics of 'temperature contra-aperture and gradient utilization' of the cogeneration, and becomes the key work of national and local planning. In 2014, the national reform committee proposed a requirement of preferentially developing efficient cogeneration units in the national plan for climate change (2014-2020). The heat supply of the cogeneration unit is divided into residential heating and industrial heating. The heating and heat supply system comprises a relatively perfect heat supply system such as steam extraction heat supply, low-grade heat energy grading heat supply, heat pump waste heat recovery heat supply and the like. Industrial heat supply, in particular high-parameter heat supply (2.3-6.0 MPa, 320-420 ℃) required by the chemical industry, and a temperature and pressure reducing heat supply scheme of extracting steam (such as main steam, primary extraction steam and reheat steam) is generally adopted at present.
Unlike a condensing power plant which produces electricity only, a thermal power plant has a much more complex thermal economy evaluation index due to the coupling in the process of producing two different products, namely heat and electricity. Different laws are respectively made in countries of the world to evaluate the economy of cogeneration, and the domestic apportionment of the heat and electricity costs of a thermal power plant is processed by a 'heat method' (namely a benefit electricity return method). Unfortunately, there is no single thermal economy index that can both reflect the technical sophistication of the energy conversion process and facilitate the lateral comparison between different types of cogeneration sets to thermal and condensing power plants.
At present, the research on the thermal economy evaluation index of the thermal power plant mainly focuses on two aspects: thermoelectric cost split theory and single lumped index studies. In the case of a single lumped index, the concept of "total thermal efficiency of a thermal power plant" based on the first law of thermodynamics is generally used. However, the first law of thermodynamics neglects the difference between the thermal and electrical energy qualities, and the second law of thermodynamics
Figure BDA0002519454760000011
The efficiency evaluation is more scientific, but the problem of how to distribute the energy-saving benefit of 'cold source loss' cannot be answered, and the method is simple
Figure BDA0002519454760000012
The efficiency evaluation still cannot scientifically solve the energy consumption apportionment of the thermal product and the electric product.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for evaluating the economical efficiency of cogeneration heat, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art and effectively apportion the production cost of heat and electricity.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a method for evaluating the economical efficiency of cogeneration heat, characterized by:
for all energy flows in cogeneration units
Figure BDA0002519454760000013
Calculating a value; dividing a cogeneration unit into a plurality of subsystems for utilizing input and output
Figure BDA0002519454760000014
Modeling each subsystem by an analysis method, paralleling energy value equations of each subsystem, connecting the energy value equations of each subsystem into an equation set, and solving the equation set to obtain the energy value of the energy flow in each subsystem; and obtaining high-pressure heat supply efficiency, medium-pressure heat supply efficiency, power generation efficiency and comprehensive utilization efficiency of thermoelectric power according to the energy value of the energy flow in each subsystem, and obtaining the apportionment proportion of the production cost of heat and electricity.
The technical scheme is further designed as follows: the energy flow in the cogeneration unit includes coal, steam, and the like.
Of said energy flow
Figure BDA0002519454760000022
Values were calculated under standard circumstances. The standard environment is defined as: temperature of reference state T0298.15K, reference state pressure P0101.325 kPa.
The ratio of the coal fired
Figure BDA0002519454760000023
efCalculated from the following formula: e.g. of the typef＝Δhu,l+ rw, wherein Δ hu,lLow calorific value of the fire coal; r is the latent heat of vaporization of water at ambient temperature; w is the received base moisture of the coal.
Ratio of the steam
Figure BDA0002519454760000024
exCalculated from the following formula: e.g. of the typex＝(h-h0)-T0(s-s0) Wherein h and s are respectively the specific enthalpy and specific entropy of the steam; h is0、T0、s0The specific enthalpy, temperature and specific entropy of water in the reference state are respectively.
The subsystems for dividing the cogeneration unit comprise a fuel system, a boiler system, a steam turbine system, a heat regenerative system, a condensing system and the like.
The calculation formula of the energy value is as follows: f. ofi＝a1if1+K+anifn+u1iq1+K+umiqm(i＝1,2,...,n)
The high pressure heat supply efficiency etahRatio of steam for supplying high pressure
Figure BDA0002519454760000025
Energy value of high pressure heating steam; the medium-pressure heat supply efficiency etamRatio of steam supply to medium pressure
Figure BDA0002519454760000026
Energy value of medium pressure heating steam; the power generation efficiency etaeAs the ratio of the generated energy
Figure BDA0002519454760000027
Energy of power generation;
the production cost apportionment proportion of the high-pressure heat supply, the medium-pressure heat supply and the power supply is as follows: mh×fh：Mm×fm：W×fe，Mh、MmHigh and medium pressure heat supply steam extraction quantities respectively; w is the power supply of the unit; f. ofh、fmRespectively representing energy values of high-pressure heat supply steam extraction and medium-pressure heat supply steam extraction; f. ofeIs the energy value of the electric quantity.
The index for evaluating the heat economy of the cogeneration unit under the variable working condition is the comprehensive utilization efficiency eta of heat and electricityrd：
Figure BDA0002519454760000021
Wherein W is the power supply kJ/h, M of the unith、MmHigh and medium pressure heat supply steam extraction quantities respectively; e.g. of the typexe、feRespectively the ratio of electric quantities
Figure BDA0002519454760000028
A value and an energy value; e.g. of the typeh、emRespectively indicating the ratio of high-pressure heat supply to medium-pressure heat supply to steam extraction
Figure BDA0002519454760000029
A value; f. ofh、fmRespectively representing the energy values of high-pressure and medium-pressure heat supply steam extraction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method of the invention is based on input and output
Figure BDA00025194547600000210
The analytical method is different from the traditional heat and power sharing methods such as a calorimetric method and an actual enthalpy drop method, and the sharing method is based on the second law of thermodynamics of the co-generation unit production
Figure BDA00025194547600000211
The parameters are used as a proportion basis and are combined with an economic input-output method to carry out distribution of production input, namely the income brought by cogeneration is automatically distributed into energy value calculation results of products such as power generation and heat supply according to relevant proportions, the method belongs to a depreciation distribution method, and meanwhile, the influence of electric quantity input (station service power) in a subsystem on heat and electricity cost distribution is considered, so that the distribution is more reasonable.
Based on the concept of energy value, the comprehensive utilization efficiency eta of thermoelectricity is providedrdHeat economy method of cogeneration unit as evaluation index and traditional fuel utilization coefficient etatpCompared with the comprehensive utilization efficiency eta of thermoelectricity based on the second law of thermodynamicsrdMore scientific and whole plant
Figure BDA00025194547600000212
Efficiency etaexCompared with indexes, the comprehensive utilization efficiency eta of thermoelectricity is calculated in the process of solvingrdThe idea of thermoelectric cost sharing is embodied during the thermal and electric energy value items, and the effective sharing of the thermal and electric production cost can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a diagram showing the input-output structure of each subsystem.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
As shown in figure 1, the novel method for evaluating the economical efficiency of the combined heat and power generation comprises a combined generation unit
Figure BDA0002519454760000031
Analyzing and co-producing unit subsystem input and output
Figure BDA0002519454760000032
Analysis and evaluation based on an index system of energy values.
The cogeneration unit
Figure BDA0002519454760000033
The analysis is to determine the definition of standard environment and to analyze all energy flows of coal, water, steam and the like in the cogeneration unit
Figure BDA0002519454760000034
The value is calculated.
The standard environment is defined as the reference state temperature T0298.15K (25 ℃), reference state pressure P0101.325kPa (1 atm).
Ratio of coal to coal
Figure BDA0002519454760000035
efCalculated from the following formula: e.g. of the typef＝Δhu,l+ rw, wherein Δ hu,lIs burnedLow calorific value of coal, kJ/kg; r is latent heat of vaporization of water at ambient temperature, and the unit is kJ/kg; w is the received base moisture of the coal in%.
Ratio of water (steam) working medium
Figure BDA0002519454760000036
exCalculated from the following formula: e.g. of the typex＝(h-h0)-T0(s-s0) Wherein h and s are respectively the specific enthalpy (kJ/kg) and the specific entropy (kJ/(kg. K)) of the water (steam) working medium; h is0、T0、s0The specific enthalpy (kJ/kg), temperature (K) and specific entropy (kJ/(kg. K)) of water in the reference state are all constants.
Input and output of the cogeneration unit subsystem
Figure BDA0002519454760000037
The analysis method comprises the following steps: the method divides a cogeneration unit into a plurality of subsystems, such as: fuel system, boiler system, steam turbine system, backheating system, condensing system, etc.
The fuel system consists of raw coal, a coal feeder, a coal mill, a sealing fan and relevant connecting pipelines, and aims to provide qualified coal powder for a power station boiler for combustion.
The boiler system comprises auxiliary machines such as a power station boiler body and a primary air fan, an air feeder and an induced draft fan, and supplies qualified main steam and reheat steam to the steam turbine by burning the supplied water and high exhaust steam provided by the coal powder heating steam turbine side.
The steam turbine system refers to high, medium and low pressure cylinder bodies (including extraction and exhaust) of a steam turbine and has the functions of providing high and medium pressure heat supply steam, generating electricity, providing regenerative extraction steam to heat feed water and condensed water and providing high exhaust steam to a boiler so as to generate qualified reheat steam.
The heat recovery system comprises a high-pressure heater, a low-pressure heater, a steam extraction pipeline, a steam pump and a pre-pump, and aims to heat feed water and condensed water by using the extracted steam of the steam turbine body and provide the feed water for the boiler system.
The condensing system comprises a condenser, a condensate pump, a circulating water pump and a condensate water delivery pump, and aims to discharge steam from a low-pressure cylinder of the condensing turbine and deliver condensate water to the regenerative system.
Using input and output
Figure BDA0002519454760000038
Modeling each subsystem by an analysis method, listing energy value equations of each subsystem, combining the energy value equations of each subsystem into an equation set, and solving the equation set to obtain the energy value of each energy flow in the system;
said input and output
Figure BDA0002519454760000039
Analytical method based on the second law of thermodynamics
Figure BDA00025194547600000310
The analysis is formed by combining an input-output method in economics, and in an energy input-output model, no matter table design or calculation analysis, energy products are considered in a central position, typically
Figure BDA0002519454760000043
The metering type energy input-output relationship is shown in the following table:
Figure BDA0002519454760000041
as shown in the above table, aijRepresenting the direct consumption coefficient of the jth self-produced product to the ith self-produced product (namely the direct consumption of the jth self-produced product to the ith self-produced product in the production unit); u. ofijRepresenting the direct consumption coefficient of the jth self-produced product to the ith outsourced (or associated) product (namely, the direct consumption of the jth self-produced product to the ith outsourced (or associated) product in the production unit); energy value fiIs defined as: energy of energy consumed by the i-th self-produced product of the production unit: (
Figure BDA0002519454760000044
Amount), for power production, units of energy valueskJ/MJ, and the unit of energy value for steam production is kJ/kg; f. of1～fnThe calculating method of (2): from the conservation of energy, the following equations can be derived: f. ofi＝a1if1+K+anifn+u1iq1+K+umiqm(i＝1,2,...,n)；qiEnergy representing the energy consumption of the production unit required for the ith outsourcing (or associated) product
Figure BDA0002519454760000045
Amount); xiAnd YiRespectively representing the total product quantity and the final product quantity of the ith self-produced product; viAnd RiRespectively representing the total product yield and the final product yield of the ith outsourcing (or correlation) product.
Input and output of fuel system, boiler system, steam turbine system, heat regeneration system and condensation system
Figure BDA0002519454760000046
The analytical modeling is based on the following two assumptions: (1) the energy value of the outsourced non-energy material is zero; air and water used in power plant generation processes; (2) the energy value of the purchased primary energy source is equal to that
Figure BDA0002519454760000047
Value according to fuel
Figure BDA0002519454760000048
The calculation result of (2) can be obtained.
Input-output of fuel system
Figure BDA0002519454760000049
And (3) analysis: the fuel system inputs the electric quantity consumed by raw coal (outsourcing products), a coal mill, a coal feeder and a sealing fan (associated products, namely self-produced products of other subsystems, and the energy value of the electricity consumption under the condition of self supply of service electricity is regarded as equivalent to the energy value of the generated energy), the output is qualified coal powder required by boiler combustion, and as shown in fig. 2, the input and output of the fuel system are obtained
Figure BDA00025194547600000410
Analytical tables are shown in the following table, statistics of the product in hours, where L1Representing the total amount of power, MJ, put into the fuel system; t is11＝L1/X1。
Figure BDA0002519454760000042
Input-output of boiler system
Figure BDA00025194547600000411
And (3) analysis: the boiler system is fed with pulverized coal, water supply, cold-stage steam and electric quantity consumed by draught fan, primary fan and blower, and produces main steam and hot re-steam (including medium-pressure industrial heating steam) (see attached figure 2). The direct consumption coefficient matrix of the self-produced product is 0, namely, self consumption or mutual consumption does not exist, the feed water is completely used as the input of the main steam, meanwhile, the cold section steam is completely used as the input of the hot reheat steam, the pulverized coal and the electric quantity are distributed between the main steam and the reheat steam according to a certain proportion, and the distribution proportion is that the main steam and the reheat steam in the boiler
Figure BDA00025194547600000412
The incremental ratio is obtained to obtain the input and output of the boiler system
Figure BDA00025194547600000413
The analytical tables are shown in the following table:
Figure BDA0002519454760000051
input-output of steam turbine system
Figure BDA0002519454760000056
And (3) analysis: the steam turbine system is fed with main steam and hot re-steam (minus medium-pressure industrial heating steam), and the produced steam is generated energy, cold-stage steam and high-pressure heating steam (I)Extraction position) and each section of regenerative steam extraction (see attached figure 2). The direct consumption coefficient matrix of the self-produced product is 0, and the distribution steps of the main steam and the hot re-steam in four types of production are as follows: 1. calculating cold-stage steam, high-pressure heat-supply steam and each-stage regenerative steam extraction by using low-pressure cylinder steam-discharging point as reference
Figure BDA0002519454760000057
A value; 2. respectively calculating the generating capacity of the high-pressure cylinder, the medium-pressure cylinder and the low-pressure cylinder according to the thermodynamic equilibrium diagram; 3. main steam generating capacity according to high pressure cylinder, cold section steam
Figure BDA00025194547600000518
High pressure heating steam
Figure BDA00025194547600000519
One-drawer and two-drawer (high pressure section steam extraction)
Figure BDA00025194547600000510
The proportion of quantity four is distributed among four types of outputs; 4. the hot steam is pumped according to the generated energy of the middle and low pressure cylinder and the middle and low pressure section (three to eight pumps)
Figure BDA00025194547600000511
The proportion of the generated energy and the regenerative steam extraction of each section is distributed to obtain the input and output of the steam turbine system
Figure BDA00025194547600000512
The analytical tables are shown in the following table:
Figure BDA0002519454760000052
input and output of heat regenerative system
Figure BDA00025194547600000513
And (3) analysis: the input of the regenerative system comprises condensed water, regenerative steam extraction of each section and electric quantity consumed by a front pump of a steam pump, and the output is boiler feed water (see attached figure 2), so that the input and output of the regenerative system are obtained
Figure BDA00025194547600000514
The analytical tables are shown in the following table:
Figure BDA0002519454760000053
input-output of condensing system
Figure BDA00025194547600000515
And (3) analysis: the input of the condensing system is the electric quantity consumed by the condensate pump, the circulating water pump and the condensate conveying pump, and the output is the condensate (see the attached figure 2), so that the input and output of the condensing system are obtained
Figure BDA00025194547600000516
The analytical tables are shown in the following table:
Figure BDA0002519454760000054
input and output of fuel system, boiler system, steam turbine system, heat regeneration system and condensation system
Figure BDA00025194547600000517
The self-produced products in the analysis table respectively list the energy balance equations, and the following equation sets can be obtained:
Figure BDA0002519454760000055
Figure BDA0002519454760000061
wherein: f. of1Energy value (kJ/kg) of qualified coal dust f2Is the energy value (kJ/kg) of the main steam f3For the energy value (kJ/kg), f, of hot re-steam (or medium-pressure heating steam)4Energy value (kJ/MJ) of electricity generation (consumption), f5The energy value (kJ/kg) of cold stage steam f6The energy value (kJ/kg) of the boiler feed water f7For the energetic value (kJ/kg), f, of the high-pressure heat-supply steam8The average energy value (kJ/kg) of each section of regenerative extraction steam is f9For the energy value (kJ/kg) of the condensed water at the outlet of the condensate pump, f can be obtained by solving the equation system1～f9The numerical value of (c).
The index system based on energy values evaluates: according to the energy value calculation results of each energy flow in the system, high-pressure heat supply efficiency, medium-pressure heat supply efficiency, power generation efficiency and comprehensive utilization efficiency of heat and power are further obtained, heat and power cost is shared, and meanwhile heat economy of the cogeneration unit under variable working condition operation conditions can be effectively evaluated through comprehensive utilization efficiency indexes of heat and power.
High pressure heating efficiency etahIs defined as: ratio of high pressure heating steam
Figure BDA0002519454760000063
Energy value of high pressure heating steam. Medium pressure heating efficiency etamIs defined as: ratio of medium pressure heating steam
Figure BDA0002519454760000064
Energy value of medium pressure heating steam. Efficiency of electric power generation etaeIs defined as: ratio of generated energy
Figure BDA0002519454760000065
Energy of generated energy.
When the energy flow values of each strand in the system are calculated, the principle is based on the reality of the production of the co-generation unit
Figure BDA0002519454760000066
The parameters are used as proportion basis to distribute production investment, namely the income brought by the cogeneration is automatically distributed into the energy value calculation results of the products such as power generation and heat supply according to the relevant proportion, and the high-pressure heat supply efficiency, the medium-pressure heat supply efficiency and the power generation efficiency calculated by the calculation automatically realize the apportionment of the heat and power production cost.
The high-pressure heat supply and the medium-pressure heat supplyThe production cost (coal consumption) of the three parts of power supply is divided into: mh×fh：Mm×fm：W×fe，Mh、MmHigh-pressure and medium-pressure heat supply steam extraction amount is kg/h; w is the power supply quantity kJ/h of the unit; f. ofh、fmRespectively representing the energy values of high-pressure heat supply and steam extraction and kJ/kg; f. ofeAnd the energy value of the electric quantity is kJ/kJ.
For a given production process, when the production is constant, the total consumption of the whole production process can be passed
Figure BDA0002519454760000067
The amount to evaluate the efficiency of the production process; when the production process is the same and the yield is different (such as different pure coagulation power plants), the production efficiency can be compared by calculating the energy value (similar to the standard coal consumption rate of power generation) of the product (such as electric quantity); when the production processes are different (such as between different thermal power plants or between a thermal power plant and a pure condensing power plant), the calculation of the product can be performed
Figure BDA0002519454760000068
Energy value of product "to reflect the energy utilization efficiency of the system. Because the thermal power plant has two kinds of heterogeneous products of heat and electricity, the thermal power plant has
Figure BDA0002519454760000069
The parameters unify two thermoelectric products from the combination of 'quantity' and 'quality', so the heat economy evaluation index of the thermal power plant is defined as the comprehensive utilization efficiency eta of the thermoelectricrd：
Figure BDA0002519454760000062
Wherein: w is the power supply kJ/h, M of the unith、MmHigh-pressure and medium-pressure heat supply steam extraction amount is kg/h; e.g. of the typexe、feRespectively the ratio of electric quantities
Figure BDA0002519454760000073
A value (kJ/kJ) and an energy value (kJ/kJ); e.g. of the typeh、emRespectively indicating the ratio of high-pressure heat supply to medium-pressure heat supply to steam extraction
Figure BDA0002519454760000074
Value, kJ/kg; f. ofh、fmRespectively represents the energy values of high-pressure heat supply and steam extraction and kJ/kg.
Test examples
A certain thermoelectric first-stage 2 x 300MW unit 1, a No. 2 unit 2005 and 2006 are put into operation formally. First stage boilers were manufactured by the Harbin boiler plant (model: HG-1025/17.4-YM28) as subcritical, single intermediate reheat trains. The steam turbine adopts an introduced type, subcritical, single-shaft, double-cylinder double-steam-exhaust and intermediate reheating condensing steam turbine produced by a Harbin steam turbine plant. The steam turbine has eight-stage non-adjustable back-heating steam extraction, and the steam discharged by the steam turbine of the water supply pump enters the host condenser. In 2009, in order to meet the industrial heat supply demand, the unit is subjected to heat supply transformation, and high-pressure industrial heat supply steam (4.2MPa, 420 ℃) is extracted; meanwhile, the hot re-pipeline steam provides medium-pressure heat supply extraction steam (2.5MPa, 350 ℃), and the main equipment parameters under the rated heat supply working condition of the unit are shown in the following table:
Figure BDA0002519454760000071
the main steam parameters under nominal heating conditions are given in the following table:
Figure BDA0002519454760000072
because multistage input-output model can improve the accuracy and the practicality of analysis result, divide into five subsystems with the power plant system among this analysis and carry out the analysis: the system comprises a pulverizing system, a boiler system, a steam turbine system, a heat return system and a condensing system. By solving a multi-element linear equation set obtained by simultaneous energy value equations of the five subsystems, energy values of each energy flow in the system are firstly obtained, and the power generation efficiency, the heat supply efficiency and the comprehensive utilization efficiency of the heat and electricity are further calculated. The analysis is based on the following two assumptions:
the energy value of the outsourced non-energy material is zero; air and water used in power plant generation processes; the energy value of the purchased primary energy source is equal to that
Figure BDA0002519454760000075
Value according to fuel
Figure BDA0002519454760000076
The calculation result of (2) can be obtained.
The modeling data of the part takes the minimum steam admission rated 100% heat supply working condition as an example, and the specific modeling process is as follows:
input-output of fuel system
Figure BDA0002519454760000084
And (3) analysis: the fuel system is fed with electric quantity consumed by raw coal (outsourcing products), 5 coal mills, 5 coal feeders and 1 sealing fan (associated products, namely self-produced products of other subsystems, and the energy value of the electric quantity under the condition of self supply of the station service power is regarded as equivalent to the energy value of the generated energy), the output is qualified coal powder required by boiler combustion, and the input and output of the fuel system are obtained
Figure BDA0002519454760000085
The analytical tables are shown in the following table (statistics of the product in hours, the same applies below):
Figure BDA0002519454760000081
input-output of boiler system
Figure BDA0002519454760000086
And (3) analysis: the boiler system is fed with pulverized coal, water supply, cold-stage steam and electric quantity consumed by 2 draught fans, 2 primary fans and 2 air blowers, and the produced main steam and hot re-steam (containing 100t/h medium-pressure industrial heating steam) are produced. The direct consumption coefficient matrix of the self-produced product is 0 (namely, no self consumption or mutual consumption exists), and the feed water is completely used as the input of the main steamMeanwhile, the cold-stage steam is completely used as the input of the hot reheat steam, the pulverized coal and the electric quantity are distributed between the main steam and the reheat steam according to a certain proportion, and the proportion of the distribution is that the main steam and the reheat steam are in the boiler
Figure BDA0002519454760000087
The incremental ratio (6.57: 1 in this example) yields the input-output of the boiler system
Figure BDA0002519454760000088
The analytical tables are shown in the following table:
Figure BDA0002519454760000082
input-output of steam turbine system
Figure BDA0002519454760000089
And (3) analysis: the steam turbine system is put into main steam and hot re-steam (minus 100t/h of medium-pressure industrial heating steam), and the produced power generation, cold-section steam, high-pressure heating steam (at one extraction position) and each section of regenerative extraction steam. The direct consumption coefficient matrix of the self-produced product is 0, and the distribution steps of the main steam and the hot re-steam in four types of production are as follows: 1. calculating cold-stage steam, high-pressure heat-supply steam and each-stage regenerative steam extraction by using low-pressure cylinder steam-discharging point as reference
Figure BDA00025194547600000810
A value; 2. respectively calculating the generating capacity of the high-pressure cylinder, the medium-pressure cylinder and the low-pressure cylinder according to the thermodynamic equilibrium diagram; 3. main steam generating capacity according to high pressure cylinder, cold section steam
Figure BDA00025194547600000816
High pressure heating steam
Figure BDA00025194547600000817
One-drawer and two-drawer (high pressure section steam extraction)
Figure BDA00025194547600000813
Volume fourThe proportion of people is distributed among four types of yield; 4. the hot steam is pumped according to the generated energy of the middle and low pressure cylinder and the middle and low pressure section (three to eight pumps)
Figure BDA00025194547600000814
The proportion of the two quantities is distributed between the generated energy and each section of regenerative steam extraction. Obtaining an input-output of a steam turbine system
Figure BDA00025194547600000815
The analytical tables are shown in the following table:
Figure BDA0002519454760000083
Figure BDA0002519454760000091
input and output of heat regenerative system
Figure BDA0002519454760000096
And (3) analysis: the input of the regenerative system comprises condensed water, regenerative steam extraction of each section and electric quantity consumed by 2 steam pump prepositive pumps, the output is boiler feed water, and the input and output of the regenerative system are obtained
Figure BDA0002519454760000097
The analytical tables are shown in the following table:
Figure BDA0002519454760000092
input-output of condensing system
Figure BDA0002519454760000098
And (3) analysis: the input of the condensing system is the electric quantity consumed by 1 condensate pump, 1 circulating water pump and 2 condensate water delivery pumps, the output is condensate water, and the input and output of the condensing system are obtained
Figure BDA0002519454760000099
The analytical tables are shown in the following table:
Figure BDA0002519454760000093
input and output of fuel system, boiler system, steam turbine system, heat regeneration system and condensation system
Figure BDA00025194547600000910
The energy balance equations are respectively listed from the products in the analysis table, and the following equation sets can be obtained:
Figure BDA0002519454760000094
wherein: f. of1Energy value (kJ/kg) of qualified coal dust f2Is the energy value (kJ/kg) of the main steam f3For the energy value (kJ/kg), f, of hot re-steam (or medium-pressure heating steam)4Energy value (kJ/MJ) of electricity generation (consumption), f5The energy value (kJ/kg) of cold stage steam f6The energy value (kJ/kg) of the boiler feed water f7For the energetic value (kJ/kg), f, of the high-pressure heat-supply steam8The average energy value (kJ/kg) of each section of regenerative extraction steam is f9Solving the equation set to obtain the energy value (kJ/kg) of the condensed water at the outlet of the condensate pump:
Figure BDA0002519454760000095
analysis of energy value calculation results: according to the calculation result in the above formula, as the working medium continuously absorbs heat, the condensed water (f)933.84kJ/kg becomes boiler feed water (f) through a regenerative system6784.42kJ/kg), the feed water is heated by a boiler to produce main steam (f)23306.26kJ/kg), the energy value is continuously increased in the whole process, the main steam is the energy flow (except pulverized coal) with the highest energy value in the whole steam system, and the main steam generates regenerative extraction steam (f) in the process of working by flowing through the high-pressure cylinder8＝2026.79kJ/kg), high pressure industrial extraction (f)72659.01kJ/kg), electric quantity (f)42479.39kJ/MJ), cold stage steam (f)52420.47kJ/kg), the energy value of the main steam is gradually reduced as the main steam value is continuously released in the high-pressure cylinder, so that the energy value of the cold-stage steam is lower than that of the main steam, the cold-stage steam generates hot re-steam after being reheated by the boiler, and the energy value of the cold-stage steam rises to 3038.82kJ/kg again (namely, the energy value f of the medium-pressure industrial heating steam) due to the heat absorbed by the boiler3) The analysis conforms to the conventional cognition on the production process of the power plant, and the input and output are further illustrated
Figure BDA0002519454760000103
And analyzing the correctness of the model.
Distributing the production cost of heat and electricity: according to the calculation result of the energy value and the related system parameters, the apportionment proportion of the production cost (coal consumption) of the high-pressure heat supply, the medium-pressure heat supply and the power supply under the minimum steam admission rated 100% heat supply working condition is as follows: mh×fh：Mm×fm：W×feSpecific coal consumption distributions are given in the following table, 0.1972:0.1241: 0.6967:
Figure BDA0002519454760000101
and (3) analyzing the variable working conditions of the heat supply: in addition to the minimum steam intake rated 100% heating condition, the energy calculation is performed for 75%, 50% and 25% heating conditions (according to the heat balance diagram provided by the steam turbine manufacturer), and the table below shows the high-pressure heating efficiency eta calculated according to the energy values of each energy flow under different heating conditionshMedium pressure heating efficiency etamAnd electric power generation efficiency etaeAnd the comprehensive utilization efficiency eta of thermoelectricityrd。
Figure BDA0002519454760000102
According to the comprehensive utilization efficiency eta of thermoelectricityrdIndex, the highest efficiency (41.94%) under 75% heat supply working condition and high efficiency0.57 percentage points under the 100% heating working condition (41.37%), and the efficiency under the 25% heating working condition is the lowest and is only 41.01%. The reason for the lower efficiency (41.37%) under the minimum steam intake rated 100% heating condition is: under the working condition, in order to ensure that the hot re-steam can supply 100t/h of medium-pressure heating steam, the intermediate regulating valve has to be throttled, the efficiency of the intermediate pressure cylinder is directly reduced to 80.01% from the design efficiency of 92.05% under the condition that the intermediate regulating valve is fully opened, and the comprehensive utilization efficiency eta of heat and electricity is causedrdIs reduced.
As can be seen from the above examples, the method for evaluating the economical efficiency of cogeneration heat according to the present invention can effectively evaluate the economical efficiency of cogeneration units while sharing the production costs of both heat and electricity products of the cogeneration units.
The technical solutions of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions obtained by using equivalent substitution modes fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for evaluating the economical efficiency of cogeneration heat, characterized by:
for all energy flows in cogeneration units
Figure FDA0002519454750000011
Calculating a value;
dividing a cogeneration unit into a plurality of subsystems for utilizing input and output
Figure FDA0002519454750000012
Modeling each subsystem by an analysis method, paralleling energy value equations of each subsystem, connecting the energy value equations of each subsystem into an equation set, and solving the equation set to obtain the energy value of the energy flow in each subsystem;
and obtaining high-pressure heat supply efficiency, medium-pressure heat supply efficiency, power generation efficiency and comprehensive utilization efficiency of thermoelectric power according to the energy value of the energy flow in each subsystem, and obtaining the apportionment proportion of the production cost of heat and electricity.
2. The method of evaluating the economics of combined heat and power generation according to claim 1, wherein: the energy flow in the cogeneration unit includes coal, steam, and the like.
3. The method of evaluating the economics of combined heat and power generation according to claim 2, wherein: of said energy flow
Figure FDA0002519454750000013
Values were calculated under standard circumstances.
4. The method of evaluating the economics of combined heat and power generation according to claim 3, wherein: the standard environment is defined as: temperature of reference state T0298.15K, reference state pressure P0101.325 kPa.
5. The method of evaluating the economics of combined heat and power generation according to claim 4, wherein: the ratio of the coal fired
Figure FDA0002519454750000019
Calculated from the following formula: e.g. of the typef＝Δhu,l+ rw, wherein Δ hu,lLow calorific value of the fire coal; r is the latent heat of vaporization of water at ambient temperature; w is the received base moisture of the coal.
6. The method of evaluating the economics of combined heat and power generation according to claim 5, wherein: ratio of the steam
Figure FDA00025194547500000110
Calculated from the following formula: e.g. of the typex＝(h-h0)-T0(s-s0) Wherein h and s are respectively the specific enthalpy and specific entropy of the steam; h is0、T0、s0The specific enthalpy, temperature and specific entropy of water in the reference state are respectively.
7. The method of evaluating the economics of combined heat and power generation according to claim 1, wherein: the subsystems for dividing the cogeneration unit comprise a fuel system, a boiler system, a steam turbine system, a heat regenerative system, a condensing system and the like.
8. The method of evaluating the economics of combined heat and power generation according to claim 7, wherein: the calculation formula of the energy value is as follows: f. ofi＝a1if1+K+anifn+u1iq1+K+umiqm(i ═ 1,2,. times, n), energy values fiEnergy representing the energy consumed by the production unit for the ith self-produced product; a isijRepresenting the direct consumption coefficient of the jth self-produced product to the ith self-produced product; u. ofijRepresenting the direct consumption coefficient of the jth self-produced product to the ith outsourced (or associated) product; q. q.siRepresenting the energy of the energy source consumed by the production unit for the ith outsourced (or associated) product.
9. The method of evaluating the economics of combined heat and power generation according to claim 8, wherein: the high pressure heat supply efficiency etahRatio of steam for supplying high pressure
Figure FDA0002519454750000016
Energy value of high pressure heating steam; the medium-pressure heat supply efficiency etamRatio of steam supply to medium pressure
Figure FDA0002519454750000017
Energy value of medium pressure heating steam; the power generation efficiency etaeAs the ratio of the generated energy
Figure FDA0002519454750000018
Energy of power generation;
the production cost apportionment proportion of the high-pressure heat supply, the medium-pressure heat supply and the power supply is as follows: mh×fh：Mm×fm：W×fe，Mh、MmHigh and medium pressure heat supply steam extraction quantities respectively; w is the power supply of the unit; f. ofh、fmRespectively representing the energy values of high-pressure and medium-pressure heat supply steam extraction；feIs the energy value of the electric quantity.
10. The method of evaluating the economics of combined heat and power generation according to claim 9, wherein: the index for evaluating the heat economy of the cogeneration unit under the variable working condition is the comprehensive utilization efficiency eta of heat and electricityrd：
Figure FDA0002519454750000021
Wherein W is the power supply kJ/h, M of the unith、MmHigh and medium pressure heat supply steam extraction quantities respectively; e.g. of the typexe、feRespectively the ratio of electric quantities
Figure FDA0002519454750000022
A value and an energy value; e.g. of the typeh、emRespectively indicating the ratio of high-pressure heat supply to medium-pressure heat supply to steam extraction
Figure FDA0002519454750000023
A value; f. ofh、fmRespectively representing the energy values of high-pressure and medium-pressure heat supply steam extraction.
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