CN111931346A - Real-time calculation method and application of low calorific value of coal as fired in coal-fired boiler - Google Patents

Real-time calculation method and application of low calorific value of coal as fired in coal-fired boiler Download PDF

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CN111931346A
CN111931346A CN202010666776.2A CN202010666776A CN111931346A CN 111931346 A CN111931346 A CN 111931346A CN 202010666776 A CN202010666776 A CN 202010666776A CN 111931346 A CN111931346 A CN 111931346A
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王智微
罗睿
丁民
刘帅
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Kaifeng Power Generation Branch Of Henan Electric Power Co Ltd State Power Investment Corp
Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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Abstract

A real-time calculation method and application of the low calorific value of the coal as fired of a coal-fired boiler can perform calculation analysis through real-time monitoring and measurement of related production operation data of the coal-fired boiler and evaluate the change of the low calorific value of the coal as fired in real time. And (3) realizing automatic regression and real-time dynamic calculation of the low calorific value of the coal as fired on a calculation software platform by utilizing positive and negative balance efficiency calculation of the boiler, time statistical smoothing of real-time data and a successive approximation iterative method. The short board that the accuracy is not enough, off-line measurement result is untimely is effectively makeed up the on-the-spot actual as-fired coal quality on-line measurement, provides important information support for power plant coal quality real-time supervision and relevant economic index's computational analysis.

Description

Real-time calculation method and application of low calorific value of coal as fired in coal-fired boiler
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuels in the energy power industry, in particular to a real-time calculation method of a low calorific value of coal as fired in a coal-fired boiler and application thereof.
Background
At present, the quality of coal as fired in a coal-fired power station in China is complex and variable, the difference with the design coal type is large, the measurement of the calorific value of the coal quality mainly depends on off-line manual measurement and manual reporting, and the obtaining time of the measurement result lags behind the current actual time of the coal as fired. In addition, the power plant applies the on-line measurement technology of the coal calorific value, such as an infrared ray method, a microwave method and the like, but the measurement precision is limited, the influence is great due to the change of the external environment, the requirements of real-time monitoring and calculation analysis of the calorific value of the coal as fired on the site are difficult to meet, and meanwhile, the measurement methods are high in cost and large in maintenance workload.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a real-time calculation method and application of the low calorific value of the coal as fired of the coal-fired boiler, which can effectively utilize real-time data of a power plant to calculate the current low calorific value of the coal as fired and provide important and timely coal quality information reference for fuel management and energy-saving analysis of the power plant.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a real-time calculation method for a low calorific value of coal as fired in a coal-fired boiler comprises the following steps;
step 1:
determining initial value Q of low calorific value of coal as fired0 ar,netOr iteratively updating the value Q at the i-1 th timei-1 ar,net；
According to the low heat value of the designed coal or the low heat value of the tested coal as fired yesterday, the low heat value is used as the initial value Q for calculating the low heat value of the coal as fired at the current moment0 ar,netIf the calculation steps of the method are started, the low calorific value Q of the coal as fired is calculated according to the ith-1 moment obtained by the last iterative calculation in real timei-1 ar,net；
Step 2:
initial value Q of low calorific value of coal as fired0 ar,netOr iteratively updating the value Q at the i-1 th timei-1 ar,netCalculating the boiler reverse balance efficiency at the i-1 th moment by a reverse balance method
Figure BDA0002580569760000021
Calculating an initial value Q according to the low calorific value of the coal as fired0 ar,netOr iteratively updating the value Q at the i-1 th timei-1 ar,netAnd based on a power station plant-level monitoring information system data platform, calculating heat loss of the boiler at the (i-1) th moment in real time by using an inverse balance method to obtain the inverse balance efficiency of the boiler at the (i-1) th moment
Figure BDA0002580569760000022
And step 3:
boiler counter-equilibrium efficiency calculated at the moment i-1 is assumed
Figure BDA0002580569760000023
Positive balance efficiency with boiler at the ith moment
Figure BDA0002580569760000024
Similarly, calculating a formula reverse-deducing the lower calorific value Q of the coal as fired at the ith moment through the positive balance efficiency of the boileri ar,net；
And 4, step 4:
calculating a value Q of the ith moment of the low calorific value of the coal as firedi ar,netAnd calculating as a new lower calorific value of the coal as fired. And continuously repeating the steps for 2-4 in the next real-time calculation period to form a real-time iterative calculation result of the low calorific value of the coal as fired on each time section.
And 5:
and comparing and correcting the calculated average value of the low calorific value of the coal as fired in a period of time with the sampling test value in the period of time regularly.
The step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002580569760000031
Figure BDA0002580569760000032
Figure BDA0002580569760000033
Figure BDA0002580569760000034
q5＝f5(D)
Figure BDA0002580569760000035
in the formula etab，fph-boiler counter-balancing efficiency,%;
q2-boiler smoke loss,%;
q3-loss of chemical incomplete combustion,%;
q4-mechanical incomplete combustion loss,%;
q5-heat loss,%;
q6-thermal physical loss of ash,%.
tpy-exhaust temperature, deg.c;
O2，py-boiler exhaust oxygen amount,%;
tlk-cold air temperature, ° c;
Figure BDA0002580569760000036
the low calorific value of the coal as fired at the moment i-1, kJ/kg;
VCO，VH2，VCH4，VRO2CO/H in flue gases2/CH4/RO2Volume fraction of (d)%;
Car，Sar，Aar-the coal as fired contains carbon, sulfur and ash,%;
αlh，αyh，αfh，αhzin the cold ash/flue ash/fly ash/ash exhaust residue, the amount of each ash accounts for percent of the total ash content of the fuel fed into the furnace;
Clh，Cyh，Cfh-percentage of combustible content in cold/flue/fly ash,%.
D, boiler real-time evaporation capacity, t/h;
chzthe specific heat capacity of the ash, kJ/(kg. DEG C);
θhz-ash temperature, ° c;
loss of exhaust gas q3Medium, fuel-removing low calorific value Qi-1 ar，netIn addition, other parameters may be obtained by measuring data in real time, and thus may be obtained with respect to Q onlyi-1 ar，netQ of (a) to (b)3A function.
Chemical incomplete combustion loss q3And the loss is very small in a large-capacity boiler due to the combustible gas components in the flue gas. If there is the related real-time measurement data of combustible gas components in the flue gas, the data can be substituted into the expression to obtain the data only related to Qi-1 ar，netA function of (a); if there is no relevant data, the fixed value can be directly given according to the fuel type and the combustion mode.
Mechanical incomplete combustion loss q4The parameters of the (1) ash balance need to be measured off-line, and an empirical fixed value is given during calculation or a fixed value is given according to the type of fuel and the combustion mode.
Heat loss q5The method is mainly influenced by the evaporation capacity of the boiler and can be directly obtained from real-time monitoring parameters.
Physical loss of ash heat q6In the calculation parameters, except the heat value of the coal as fired, other parameters are determined according to the type of the fuel and the deslagging mode.
In conclusion, the functional relation between the boiler reverse balance efficiency and the lower calorific value of the coal as fired can be calculated by a reverse balance method:
Figure BDA0002580569760000041
the step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:
the calculation formula of the positive balance efficiency of the boiler is as follows:
Figure BDA0002580569760000051
in the formula etab，zph-boiler positive equilibrium efficiency,%;
Dgr，Dzr，Dzy，Dpw-boiler superheated steam quantity, reheated steam quantity, self-service hot water or steam quantity, sewage discharge quantity, t/h;
i″gr，i″zr，i′zr，izy，i′，igs-superheated steam enthalpy, hot reheat steam enthalpy, cold reheat steam enthalpy, self-service hot water or steam enthalpy, saturated water enthalpy, feed water enthalpy value, kJ/kg;
b-fuel consumption, t/h;
iT-physical sensible heat of the fuel, kJ/kg;
for a small-capacity low-parameter generator set, if no reheater is arranged, the flow rate of the reheated steam is 0.
Except for the low calorific value of the coal as fired, other parameters can be obtained through a real-time data platform of a plant-level monitoring information system or set according to the field condition, and finally, the functional relation between the positive balance efficiency of the boiler and the low calorific value of the coal as fired can be obtained.
ηb，zph＝G(Qar，net)
Then obtaining the low calorific value Q of the coal as fired at the ith momenti ar，net：
Qar，net＝G-1(ηb，zph)
Because the thermodynamic system of boiler combustion is continuous, and the working condition is stable in the time of second level, it can be considered that the efficiency of the counter-balance boiler calculated at the last moment should be equal to the efficiency of the existing positive balance boiler, and the order is as follows:
Figure BDA0002580569760000052
then the low calorific value Q of the coal as fired at the moment i can be obtainedi ar，net：
Figure BDA0002580569760000061
The method is also used for the machine sets such as heating boilers and hot water boilers, and is also used for calculating the low calorific value of the furnace entering fuel of boilers burning garbage, biomass, waste and the like, but requires real-time flow measurement of the furnace entering fuel.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can perform calculation analysis through real-time monitoring and measurement of related production and operation data of the coal-fired boiler, and evaluate the change of the low calorific value of the coal as fired in real time. And (3) realizing automatic regression and real-time dynamic calculation of the low calorific value of the coal as fired on a calculation software platform by utilizing positive and negative balance efficiency calculation of the boiler, time statistical smoothing of real-time data and a successive approximation iterative method. The short board that the accuracy is not enough, off-line measurement result is untimely is effectively makeed up the on-the-spot actual as-fired coal quality on-line measurement, provides important information support for power plant coal quality real-time supervision and relevant economic index's computational analysis.
And a large amount of operation parameters of the power plant are accessed to a plant-level monitoring information system, so that a large amount of real-time operation data are collected, and the performance of the unit is calculated. The method combines the soft measurement technology, effectively utilizes the collected production real-time data to calculate the heat value of the coal as fired in real time through the analysis and modeling of the production flow, improves the accuracy of unit performance calculation, and can provide an effective solution for mastering the real-time information and fuel management of the heat value of the coal as fired.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1: a real-time calculation method for a low calorific value of coal as fired in a coal-fired boiler comprises the following steps;
step 1:
determining initial value Q of low calorific value of coal as fired0 ar，netOr iteratively updating the value Q at the i-1 th timei-1 ar，net；
According to the low heat value of the designed coal or the low heat value of the tested coal as fired yesterday, the low heat value is used as the initial value Q for calculating the low heat value of the coal as fired at the current moment0 ar，netIf the calculation steps of the method are started, the low calorific value Q of the coal as fired is calculated according to the ith-1 moment obtained by the last iterative calculation in real timei-11 ar，net；
Step 2:
initial value Q of low calorific value of coal as fired0 ar，netOr iteratively updating the value Q at the i-1 th timei-1 ar，netCalculating the boiler reverse balance efficiency at the i-1 th moment by a reverse balance method
Figure BDA0002580569760000071
Calculating an initial value Q according to the low calorific value of the coal as fired0 ar，netOr iteratively updating the value Q at the i-1 th timei-1 ar，netCalculating heat loss of the boiler at the (i-1) th moment in real time by using an inverse balance method, and obtaining the inverse balance efficiency of the boiler at the (i-1) th moment
Figure BDA0002580569760000072
Figure BDA0002580569760000073
Figure BDA0002580569760000074
Figure BDA0002580569760000075
Figure BDA0002580569760000076
q5＝f5(D)
Figure BDA0002580569760000077
In the formula etab，fph-boiler counter-balancing efficiency,%;
q2-boiler smoke loss,%;
q3-loss of chemical incomplete combustion,%;
q4-mechanical incomplete combustion loss,%;
q5-heat loss,%;
q6ash thermophysical loss,%.
tpy-exhaust temperature, deg.c;
O2，py-boiler exhaust oxygen amount,%;
tlk-cold air temperature, ° c;
Figure BDA0002580569760000081
the low calorific value of the coal as fired at the moment i-1, kJ/kg;
VCO，VH2，VCH4，VRO2CO/H in flue gases2/CH4/RO2Volume fraction of (d)%;
Car，Sar，Aar-the coal as fired contains carbon, sulfur and ash,%;
αlh，αyh，αfh，αhzin cold ash/flue ash/fly ash/ash exhaust ash, the amount of each ash accounts for hundred of the total ash content of the fuel charged into the furnacePercent, percent;
Clh，Cyh，Cfh-percentage of combustible content in cold/flue/fly ash,%.
D, boiler real-time evaporation capacity, t/h;
chzthe specific heat capacity of the ash, kJ/(kg. DEG C);
θhz-ash temperature, ° c;
loss of exhaust gas q3Medium, fuel-removing low calorific value Qi-1 ar，netIn addition, other parameters may be obtained by measuring data in real time, and thus may be obtained with respect to Q onlyi-1 ar，netQ of (a) to (b)3A function;
chemical incomplete combustion loss q3And the loss is very small in a large-capacity boiler due to the combustible gas components in the flue gas. If there is the related real-time measurement data of combustible gas components in the flue gas, the data can be substituted into the expression to obtain the data only related to Qi-1 ar，netA function of (a); if no relevant data exists, a fixed value can be directly given according to the type of fuel and the combustion mode;
mechanical incomplete combustion loss q4The parameters of the (1) ash balance need to be measured off line, and an experience fixed value is given during calculation or a fixed value is given according to the type of fuel and the combustion mode;
heat loss q5The method is mainly influenced by the evaporation capacity of the boiler and can be directly obtained from real-time monitoring parameters;
physical loss of ash heat q6In the calculation parameters, except the heat value of the coal as fired, other parameters are determined according to the type of fuel and the slag discharge mode;
in conclusion, the functional relation between the boiler reverse balance efficiency and the lower calorific value of the coal as fired can be calculated by a reverse balance method:
Figure BDA0002580569760000091
and step 3:
boiler counter-equilibrium efficiency calculated at the moment i-1 is assumed
Figure BDA0002580569760000092
Positive balance efficiency with boiler at the ith moment
Figure BDA0002580569760000093
Similarly, calculating a formula reverse-deducing the lower calorific value Q of the coal as fired at the ith moment through the positive balance efficiency of the boileri ar，net。
The calculation formula of the positive balance efficiency of the boiler is as follows:
Figure BDA0002580569760000094
in the formula etab，zph-boiler positive equilibrium efficiency,%;
Dgr，Dzr，Dzy，Dpw-boiler superheated steam quantity, reheated steam quantity, self-service hot water or steam quantity, sewage discharge quantity, t/h;
i″gr，i″zr，i′zr，izy，i′，igs-superheated steam enthalpy, hot reheat steam enthalpy, cold reheat steam enthalpy, self-service hot water or steam enthalpy, saturated water enthalpy, feed water enthalpy value, kJ/kg;
b-fuel consumption, t/h;
iT-physical sensible heat of the fuel, kJ/kg;
for a small-capacity low-parameter generator set, if no reheater is arranged, the flow rate of the reheated steam is 0.
Except for the low calorific value of the coal as fired, other parameters can be obtained through a real-time data platform of a plant-level monitoring information system or set according to the field condition, and finally, the functional relation between the positive balance efficiency of the boiler and the low calorific value of the coal as fired can be obtained.
ηb，zph＝G(Qar，net)
Then obtaining the low calorific value Q of the coal as fired at the ith momenti ar，net：
Qar，net＝G-1(ηb，zph)
Because the thermodynamic system of boiler combustion is continuous, and the working condition is stable in the time of second level, it can be considered that the efficiency of the counter-balance boiler calculated at the last moment should be equal to the efficiency of the existing positive balance boiler, and the order is as follows:
Figure BDA0002580569760000101
then the low calorific value Q of the coal as fired at the moment i can be obtainedi ar，net：
Figure BDA0002580569760000102
And 4, step 4:
calculating a value Q of the ith moment of the low calorific value of the coal as firedi ar，netContinuously repeating the steps of 2-4 in the next real-time calculation period with the new low calorific value of the coal as fired to form real-time iterative calculation results of the low calorific value of the coal as fired on each time section;
and 5:
correction for calculating result of low heat value of coal as fired
Due to the error of the actual operation parameters, the result of calculating the low calorific value of the coal as fired needs to be corrected. The correction method is that the calculated average value of the low heat value of the coal as fired in a period of time is compared with the sampling test value in the period of time to carry out linear correction periodically.
The method is also used for units such as heat supply boilers, hot water boilers and the like
When used in these situations, the calculation of the positive equilibrium efficiency of the boiler simply requires the calculation of the actual effective heat output from the boiler.
The method is also used for calculating the low calorific value of the boiler fuel entering the boiler for burning garbage, biomass, waste and the like, but requires real-time flow measurement of the boiler fuel entering the boiler.

Claims (5)

1. A real-time calculation method for a low calorific value of coal as fired in a coal-fired boiler is characterized by comprising the following steps;
step 1:
determining initial value Q of low calorific value of coal as fired0 ar,netOr iteratively updating the value Q at the i-1 th timei-1 ar,net；
According to the low heat value of the designed coal or the low heat value of the tested coal as fired yesterday, the low heat value is used as the initial value Q for calculating the low heat value of the coal as fired at the current moment0 ar,netIf the calculation steps of the method are started, the low calorific value Q of the coal as fired is calculated according to the ith-1 moment obtained by the last iterative calculation in real timei-1 ar,net；
Step 2:
initial value Q of low calorific value of coal as fired0 ar,netOr iteratively updating the value Q at the i-1 th timei-1 ar,netCalculating the boiler reverse balance efficiency at the i-1 th moment by a reverse balance method
Figure FDA0002580569750000011
Calculating an initial value Q according to the low calorific value of the coal as fired0 ar,netOr iteratively updating the value Q at the i-1 th timei-1 ar,netAnd based on a power station plant-level monitoring information system data platform, calculating heat loss of the boiler at the (i-1) th moment in real time by using an inverse balance method to obtain the inverse balance efficiency of the boiler at the (i-1) th moment
Figure FDA0002580569750000012
And step 3:
boiler counter-equilibrium efficiency calculated at the moment i-1 is assumed
Figure FDA0002580569750000013
Positive balance efficiency with boiler at the ith moment
Figure FDA0002580569750000014
Similarly, calculating a formula reverse-deducing the lower calorific value Q of the coal as fired at the ith moment through the positive balance efficiency of the boileri ar,net；
And 4, step 4:
calculating a value Q of the ith moment of the low calorific value of the coal as firedi ar,netAs new low calorific value calculation of the coal as fired, continuously repeating the steps for 2-4 in the next real-time calculation period to form real-time iterative calculation results of the low calorific value of the coal as fired on each time section;
and 5:
and comparing and correcting the calculated average value of the low calorific value of the coal as fired in a period of time with the sampling test value in the period of time regularly.
2. The method for calculating the lower calorific value of the coal as fired of the coal-fired boiler according to claim 1, wherein the step 2 specifically comprises:
Figure FDA0002580569750000021
Figure FDA0002580569750000022
Figure FDA0002580569750000023
Figure FDA0002580569750000024
q5＝f5(D)
Figure FDA0002580569750000025
in the formula etab,fph-boiler counter-balancing efficiency,%;
q2-boiler smoke loss,%;
q3-loss of chemical incomplete combustion,%;
q4-mechanical incomplete combustion loss,%;
q5-heat loss,%;
q6ash thermophysical loss,%.
tpy-exhaust temperature, deg.c;
O2,py-boiler exhaust oxygen amount,%;
tlk-cold air temperature, ° c;
Figure FDA0002580569750000031
the low calorific value of the coal as fired at the moment i-1, kJ/kg;
VCO,VH2,VCH4,VRO2-CO/H in flue gas2/CH4/RO2Volume fraction of (d)%;
Car,Sar,Aar-the coal as fired contains carbon, sulfur and ash,%;
αlh,αyh,αfh,αhzin cold ash/flue ash/fly ash/ash exhaust ash, the amount of each ash accounts for percent of the total ash content of the fuel charged into the furnace;
Clh,Cyh,Cfh-percentage of combustible content in cold ash/flue ash/fly ash,%.
D, boiler real-time evaporation capacity, t/h;
chzthe specific heat capacity of the ash, kJ/(kg. DEG C);
θhz-ash temperature, ° c;
loss of exhaust gas q3Medium, fuel-removing low calorific value Qi-1 ar,netIn addition, other parameters may be obtained by measuring data in real time, and thus may be obtained with respect to Q onlyi-1 ar,netQ of (a) to (b)3A function.
Chemical incomplete combustion loss q3Related to the combustible gas components in the flue gasThe loss in the capacity boiler is very small, if there is the relevant real-time measurement data of combustible gas composition in the flue gas, the data can be substituted into the expression to obtain the data only related to Qi-1 ar,netA function of (a); if there is no relevant data, the fixed value can be directly given according to the fuel type and the combustion mode.
Mechanical incomplete combustion loss q4The parameters of the (1) ash balance need to be measured off line, and an experience fixed value is given during calculation or a fixed value is given according to the type of fuel and the combustion mode;
heat loss q5The method is mainly influenced by the evaporation capacity of the boiler and can be directly obtained from real-time monitoring parameters;
physical loss of ash heat q6In the calculation parameters, except the heat value of the coal as fired, other parameters are determined according to the type of fuel and the slag discharge mode;
in conclusion, the functional relation between the boiler reverse balance efficiency and the lower calorific value of the coal as fired can be calculated by a reverse balance method:
Figure FDA0002580569750000041
3. the method for calculating the lower calorific value of the coal as fired of the coal-fired boiler according to claim 1, wherein the step 3 specifically comprises:
the calculation formula of the positive balance efficiency of the boiler is as follows:
Figure FDA0002580569750000042
in the formula etab,zph-boiler positive equilibrium efficiency,%;
Dgr,Dzr,Dzy,Dpw-amount of superheated steam, amount of reheated steam, amount of self-use hot water or steam, amount of discharged sewage, t/h;
i″gr,i″zr,i′zr,izy,i′,igs-overheatingThe enthalpy of steam, the enthalpy of hot reheat steam, the enthalpy of cold reheat steam, the enthalpy of self-use hot water or steam, the enthalpy of saturated water, the value of feed water enthalpy, kJ/kg;
b-fuel consumption, t/h;
iT-physical sensible heat of the fuel, kJ/kg;
for a small-capacity low-parameter generator set, if no reheater is arranged, the flow rate of the reheated steam is 0.
Except for the low calorific value of the coal as fired, other parameters can be obtained through a real-time data platform of a plant-level monitoring information system or set according to the field condition, and finally, the functional relation between the positive balance efficiency of the boiler and the low calorific value of the coal as fired can be obtained;
ηb,zph＝G(Qar,net)
then obtaining the low calorific value Q of the coal as fired at the ith momenti ar,net：
Qar,net＝G-1(ηb,zph)
Because the thermodynamic system of boiler combustion is continuous, and the working condition is stable in the time of second level, it can be considered that the efficiency of the counter-balance boiler calculated at the last moment should be equal to the efficiency of the existing positive balance boiler, and the order is as follows:
Figure FDA0002580569750000051
then the low calorific value Q of the coal as fired at the moment i can be obtainedi ar,net：
Figure FDA0002580569750000052
4. The method for calculating the low calorific value of the coal as fired of the coal-fired boiler in real time based on the claim 1 is used for units such as heat supply boilers and hot water boilers.
5. The method for calculating the lower calorific value of the coal as fired of the coal-fired boiler in real time based on the claim 1 is used for calculating the lower calorific value of the fuel as fired of boilers burning garbage, biomass, waste and the like, but requires real-time flow measurement of the fuel as fired.
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CN112782220A (en) * 2020-12-24 2021-05-11 重庆大唐国际石柱发电有限责任公司 Method and system for measuring heat value of coal as fired in power station
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