CN111929266A - 一种杜仲胶改性沥青的形状记忆机理分析方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明是一种杜仲胶改性沥青的形状记忆机理分析方法,属于沥青改性技术领域,解决目前改性沥青形状记忆机理认知模糊,缺少相关形状记忆机理表征方法,难以确定具有形状记忆性能的杜仲胶改性沥青最佳配方等问题。本发明首先制备出不同掺量下不同拉伸比的形状记忆杜仲胶改性沥青试样及对照组试样,利用红外光谱求出不同结构光谱的二向色性比;然后利用二向色性比对不同拉伸比作图,比较不同情况下不同谱带的二向色性比变化,分析改性沥青分子链段取向行为;最后进一步研究在拉伸‑回复‑再拉伸过程中改性沥青的谱带取向行为,形变时各项变化,揭示杜仲胶改性沥青的形状记忆机理。本发明提供的研究方法为改性沥青形状记忆机理研究提供了理论依据。
Description
技术领域
本发明是一种杜仲胶改性沥青的形状记忆机理分析方法,属于沥青改性技术领域。
背景技术
目前,对各种驱动性形状记忆聚合物的形状记忆机理有了较大的认知,其中,热致型形状记忆聚合物的形状记忆机理形成了较为普遍的共识,即其本质是一种熵现象。从分子层次上来看,聚合物分子链在不同温度下表现出运动能力的巨大差异。当聚合物处于相转变温度(Tt)以上时,分子链具有活跃的运动能力。外力作用下,分子链中的部分链段在受力方向择优排列,分子链构象改变,体系的构象熵降低,材料此时形成临时形状,具有较高的能量。当聚合物处于Tt以下时,分子链被冻结,运动能力大幅下降并形成动力学势阱,在一定的时间尺度下,撤去外力后依然保留了取向后的分子链构象,临时形状得以固定;当再次升温到Tt以上时,分子链的运动能力被重新激活,无外力作用的分子链段由于热运动自发恢复构象熵最大状态,即聚合物的初始形状。特别注意的是,和形状记忆效应相关的往往不是整个的分子链,而是分子链的某一部分链段,体系构象熵的改变也是取决于相应的链段。鉴于形状记忆机理的认知,对形状记忆聚合物的应用,已经涉及到各个领域和行业。
沥青路面在使用过程中,由于自然环境影响,再加上道路负载过大,超出其设计轴载承受能力范围,由此产生了各种开裂病害,破坏了路面结构和美观,其养护与维修不仅消耗大量时间与资金,还严重影响沥青路面正常使用。因此,道路研究人员希望将形状记忆聚合物加入到沥青中,赋予沥青路面形状记忆性能,减少裂缝开展。
已有研究表明,对聚氨酯、碳纤维等进行一定改性,赋予其形状记忆功能,加入到沥青中,能够使沥青具有形状记忆性能。相关测试方法有拉伸、压缩、剪切等实验以及利用形状固定率、形状回复率、形状恢复速率等指标来表征沥青路面形状记忆性能。但关于形状记忆聚合物加入到沥青中,能够使沥青具有形状记忆性能的研究机理尚不够清晰,相关文献很少提及。此外,杜仲胶经过相关改性后,加入到沥青中,能够使沥青具有形状记忆性能,但杜仲胶改性沥青具有最佳形状记忆性能的配方问题却未提及。
因此,本发明提供一种杜仲胶改性沥青的形状记忆机理表征方法,通过傅里叶红外光谱求得杜仲胶改性沥青晶区与非晶区、硬段与软段的结构光谱的二向色性比,并分析改性沥青分子链段的取向行为,探究沥青具有形状记忆性能的本质所在,揭示杜仲胶改性沥青具有最佳形状记忆性能的配方。由此丰富沥青的研究机理,提高杜仲胶改性沥青应用。
发明内容
(1)技术问题
本发明目的是提供一种杜仲胶改性沥青的形状记忆机理分析方法,解决目前改性沥青形状记忆机理认知模糊,缺少相关形状记忆机理表征方法,难以确定具有形状记忆性能的杜仲胶改性沥青最佳配方等问题。
(2)技术方案
为了解决目前改性沥青形状记忆机理认知模糊,缺少相关形状记忆机理表征方法,难以确定具有形状记忆性能的杜仲胶改性沥青最佳配方等问题。本发明提供一种杜仲胶改性沥青的形状记忆机理分析方法。采用的技术方案如下:首先将不同掺量形状记忆杜仲胶改性沥青加热至170℃,倒在载体薄膜上,在室温下放置后,制成3组相同尺寸载体试样,拉伸至不同的拉伸比,并设置对照组;其次利用傅里叶红外光谱测量试样平行和垂直于拉伸方向的不同结构光谱,并求出这些谱带的二向色性比;然后,将二向色性比对不同拉伸比作图,比较在不同情况下不同谱带二向色性比变化,分析改性沥青分子链段的取向行为;最后进一步研究在拉伸-回复-再拉伸过程中改性沥青的不同结构光谱取向行为,分析改性沥青的结晶度、相转变、组成和序列分布的变化,揭示杜仲胶改性沥青的形状记忆机理。
(3)有益效果
近年来,形状记忆聚合物发展迅速,其机理也得到了极大的研究,尤其是热致型形状记忆聚合物的形状记忆机理更是形成了较为普遍的共识,相关应用越来越普遍。将形状记忆聚合物加入到沥青及其混合料中,赋予沥青路面形状记忆性能,能够减少病害产生,降低维修成本。目前,改性工作有了一定发展,形状记忆性能的测试方法和表征手段也有了一定进步。但关于改性沥青的形状记忆机理研究方法尚不够明朗,需要进一步研究。本发明提供的杜仲胶改性沥青的形状记忆机理研究方法,不仅为沥青改性具有形状记忆性能提供了理论支持,而且验证了杜仲胶改性沥青具有形状记忆性能的可行性,具有积极意义。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种杜仲胶改性沥青的形状记忆机理分析方法,具体实施步骤如下:
(1)把不同形状记忆杜仲胶掺量的改性沥青加热至170℃,倒在利用滑石粉和甘油混合物浸润过的载体薄膜上,在室温下静置48h;
(2)每种掺量制成三组相同尺寸的形状记忆杜仲胶改性沥青试样,长度为36mm,宽度为8mm,厚度为5mm,将试样固定在单轴拉伸架上,拉伸至拉伸比分别为1.5、2.0、2.5,未拉伸的形状记忆杜仲胶改性沥青试样设置为对照组;
(3)利用傅里叶红外光谱入射偏振光的电矢量分别测量试样平行和垂直于拉伸方向上的晶区与非晶区、硬段与软段结构光谱,以平行和垂直拉伸方向上的红外吸收强度的比值作为谱带的二向色性比;
(4)将二向色性比对不同拉伸比作图,比较不同拉伸比及有无拉伸时不同谱带二向色性比变化,分析形状记忆杜仲胶改性沥青分子链段的取向行为;
(5)进一步分析在拉伸-回复-再拉伸过程中形状记忆杜仲胶改性沥青试样的晶区与非晶区、硬段与软段的取向行为,分析形状记忆杜仲胶改性沥青形变时分子内、分子间相互作用、结晶度、取向度、相转变、组成和序列分布的变化,揭示杜仲胶改性沥青的形状记忆机理,确定具有最佳形状记忆性能的杜仲胶改性沥青配方,制备形状记忆杜仲胶改性沥青。
Claims (1)
1.一种杜仲胶改性沥青的形状记忆机理分析方法,其特征在于该方法的具体步骤如下:
(1)把不同形状记忆杜仲胶掺量的改性沥青加热至170℃,倒在利用滑石粉和甘油混合物浸润过的载体薄膜上,在室温下静置48h;
(2)每种掺量制成三组相同尺寸的形状记忆杜仲胶改性沥青试样,长度为36mm,宽度为8mm,厚度为5mm,将试样固定在单轴拉伸架上,拉伸至拉伸比分别为1.5、2.0、2.5,未拉伸的形状记忆杜仲胶改性沥青试样设置为对照组;
(3)利用傅里叶红外光谱入射偏振光的电矢量分别测量试样平行和垂直于拉伸方向上的晶区与非晶区、硬段与软段结构光谱,以平行和垂直拉伸方向上的红外吸收强度的比值作为谱带的二向色性比;
(4)将二向色性比对不同拉伸比作图,比较不同拉伸比及有无拉伸时不同谱带二向色性比变化,分析形状记忆杜仲胶改性沥青分子链段的取向行为;
(5)进一步分析在拉伸-回复-再拉伸过程中形状记忆杜仲胶改性沥青试样的晶区与非晶区、硬段与软段的取向行为,分析形状记忆杜仲胶改性沥青形变时分子内、分子间相互作用、结晶度、取向度、相转变、组成和序列分布的变化,揭示杜仲胶改性沥青的形状记忆机理,确定具有最佳形状记忆性能的杜仲胶改性沥青配方,制备形状记忆杜仲胶改性沥青。
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