CN111929065A - Method for measuring thermal economy of driving steam turbine - Google Patents

Method for measuring thermal economy of driving steam turbine Download PDF

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CN111929065A
CN111929065A CN202010813797.2A CN202010813797A CN111929065A CN 111929065 A CN111929065 A CN 111929065A CN 202010813797 A CN202010813797 A CN 202010813797A CN 111929065 A CN111929065 A CN 111929065A
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steam
turbine
condenser
circulating water
hot well
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CN111929065B (en
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居文平
邓佳
马汀山
荆涛
许朋江
邹洋
王耀文
贾明晓
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Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
Xian Xire Energy Saving Technology Co Ltd
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Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
Xian Xire Energy Saving Technology Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M15/00—Testing of engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for measuring the thermal economy of a driving turbine, which is characterized in that the driving turbine and a condenser are used as a whole for research, the exhaust enthalpy of the driving turbine is calculated based on a thermodynamic method, and further the thermal economy indexes such as the internal efficiency and the steam consumption rate of the driving turbine are obtained. The parameters required to be measured are very few, the measurement cost is low, and only the following measurement is needed: the steam inlet pressure and temperature of the driving turbine, the inlet pressure, temperature and flow of circulating water of the condenser, the outlet pressure and temperature of circulating water of the condenser, the temperature, pressure and flow of condensed water of the hot well and the measurement error have little influence on the result and are not limited by the shaft power of the driven equipment. Therefore, the thermal economy index of the driving turbine is comprehensively known so as to identify or examine whether the driving turbine reaches a design or guaranteed value; the method provides reliable basis for guiding economic and safe operation of the driving steam turbine, provides reasonable suggestions and improvement directions for economic operation in the future, and makes reasonable operation guidance.

Description

Method for measuring thermal economy of driving steam turbine
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of power station boilers and steam turbine systems, and particularly relates to a method for measuring thermal economy of a driving steam turbine.
Background
With the increasing requirements on improving the energy utilization rate and reducing the pollution emission in China, more and more auxiliary equipment with high energy consumption in a high-power thermal power generating unit of 300MW or above is driven by a driving steam turbine, and the main advantage is that the conversion of primary energy is reduced; the energy efficiency is high in the middle and low load of the unit; the auxiliary power station power consumption is saved, and the power supply amount on the internet is increased. Therefore, the comprehensive understanding of the thermal economy index of the driving turbine has important significance for guiding the economic and safe operation of the power plant.
The last stage blade of the driving turbine works in a wet steam area, and it is difficult to directly measure the steam humidity, so that the exhaust enthalpy of the driving turbine cannot be accurately obtained, and the thermal economy of the driving turbine cannot be obtained. At present, a plurality of methods for calculating the heat economy of the steam turbine exist, but the methods all depend on the shaft power of the driven equipment, such as the shaft power of a water feeding pump, the shaft power of an induced draft fan, the electric power of a generator and the like, under the condition that the shaft power of the driven equipment is unknown, the heat economy of the driving steam turbine cannot be accurately obtained, and the measurement of the shaft power of the driven equipment has large errors.
The driving steam turbine is used as an important auxiliary machine of a power plant and plays an important role in the economic and safe operation of the power plant. The traditional method for calculating the thermal economy of the large steam turbine can be strictly used for driving the steam turbine, but due to the particularity of the driving steam turbine, the additional arrangement of measuring points is difficult, if the thermal economy of the driving steam turbine is calculated by a thermal balance method, multi-stage steam parameters need to be measured, and the process is complex and difficult to operate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for effectively measuring the heat economy of a driving steam turbine, which has the advantages of very few measured parameters, low measurement cost, small influence on the result caused by measurement errors and no limitation of the shaft power of a driven device.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a method for measuring the thermal economy of a driving turbine is based on a system comprising the driving turbine and a condenser; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the condenser is provided with a steam inlet, a condensed water outlet and a circulating water inlet and outlet, a pipeline at the inlet of the driving turbine is provided with a steam inlet pressure transmitter of the driving turbine and a steam inlet temperature transmitter of the driving turbine, a steam outlet of the driving turbine is communicated with the steam inlet of the condenser, a steam exhaust port of the driving steam turbine is provided with a driving steam turbine exhaust absolute pressure transmitter, a pipeline at a condensate outlet of the condenser is sequentially provided with a hot well condensate pressure transmitter, a hot well condensate orifice plate flowmeter and a hot well condensate temperature transmitter, a pipeline at a circulating water inlet of the condenser is sequentially provided with a condenser circulating water inlet pressure transmitter, a condenser circulating water inlet orifice plate flowmeter and a condenser circulating water inlet temperature transmitter, and a circulating water outlet pipeline of the condenser is provided with a condenser circulating water outlet pressure transmitter and a condenser circulating water outlet temperature transmitter;
the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: measuring the differential pressure D of the condensate flow of the hot well by using a flowmeter of the condensate orifice of the hot wellP hot wellCalculating the flow rate Q of condensed water in the hot well according to the design data of the orifice plate flowmeterHot well；
Step 2: by varying the admission pressure of the drive turbineThe transmitter and the steam inlet temperature transmitter of the driving steam turbine respectively measure the pressure p of the steam inlet of the driving steam turbineAdmission of steamTemperature tAdmission of steamCalculating and obtaining the enthalpy h of the steam inlet of the driving turbine by using an IFC-97 industrial water and steam thermal property modelAdmission of steamEntropy of steam admission sAdmission of steam；
And step 3: the exhaust pressure p of the driving turbine is measured by using an exhaust absolute pressure transmitter of the driving turbineExhaust steamCalculating to obtain the isentropic enthalpy h of the exhaust steam of the driving steam turbine by using the IFC-97 industrial water and steam thermal property models admission；
And 4, step 4: respectively measuring the pressure p of the condensed water of the hot well by utilizing a condensed water pressure transmitter of the hot well and a condensed water temperature transmitter of the hot wellHot wellTemperature tHot wellCalculating the enthalpy h of the condensed water of the hot well by using an IFC-97 industrial water and steam thermal property modelHot well；
And 5: respectively measuring the condenser circulating water inlet pressure P by using a condenser circulating water inlet pressure transmitter and a condenser circulating water outlet pressure transmitterinPressure of water discharge PoutThe condenser circulating water inlet temperature transmitter and the condenser circulating water outlet temperature transmitter respectively measure the inlet water temperature tw1Temperature t of water outletw2Calculating the constant-pressure specific heat capacity c of the circulating water of the condenser by using an IFC-97 industrial water and steam thermal property modelp；
Step 6: condenser circulating water inlet flow differential pressure D is measured by utilizing condenser circulating water orifice plate flowmeterp cycleCalculating the mass flow Q of the circulating water according to the data of the orifice plateCirculation type；
And 7: according to the principle of conservation of mass, the flow Q of the exhaust steam of the turbine is drivenExhaust steamDriving steam turbine steam inlet flow-driving steam turbine steam leakage flow rate is heat well condensate flow rate QHot wellSetting the exhaust enthalpy of the drive turbine to hExhaust steamAccording to the principle of energy conservation, the method comprises the following steps:
Qexhaust steam×(hExhaust steam-hHot well)＝cp×QCirculation type×(tw2-tw1)
To obtain the result of the above-mentioned method,
Figure BDA0002631967480000031
Figure BDA0002631967480000032
Figure BDA0002631967480000033
compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention takes a driving turbine and a condenser as a whole research, calculates the exhaust enthalpy of the driving turbine based on a thermodynamic method, and further obtains the thermal economy indexes such as the internal efficiency and the steam consumption rate of the driving turbine. The parameters required to be measured are very few, the measurement cost is low, and only the following measurement is needed: the steam inlet pressure and temperature of the driving turbine, the inlet pressure, temperature and flow of circulating water of the condenser, the outlet pressure and temperature of circulating water of the condenser, the temperature, pressure and flow of condensed water of the hot well and the measurement error have little influence on the result and are not limited by the shaft power of the driven equipment. Therefore, the thermal economy index of the driving turbine is comprehensively known so as to identify or examine whether the driving turbine reaches a design or guaranteed value; the method provides reliable basis for guiding economic and safe operation of the driving steam turbine, provides reasonable suggestions and improvement directions for economic operation in the future, and makes reasonable operation guidance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for determining thermal economy of a drive turbine according to the present invention;
description of reference numerals:
1. the system comprises a hot well condensation water pressure transmitter, 2, a hot well condensation water pore plate flowmeter, 3, a hot well condensation water temperature transmitter, 4, a driving turbine, 5, a driving turbine exhaust absolute pressure transmitter, 6, a condenser, 7, a condenser circulating water outlet pressure transmitter, 8, a condenser circulating water outlet temperature transmitter, 9, a condenser circulating water inlet pore plate flowmeter, 10, a condenser circulating water inlet pressure transmitter, 11, a condenser circulating water inlet temperature transmitter, 12, a driving turbine inlet pressure transmitter, 13 and a driving turbine inlet temperature transmitter.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are merely for purposes of illustration and explanation and are not intended to limit the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for determining thermal economy of a drive turbine, which is based on a system including a drive turbine 4 and a condenser 6; wherein, the condenser 6 is provided with a steam inlet, a condensed water outlet and a circulating water inlet and outlet, a pipeline at the inlet of the drive turbine 4 is provided with a drive turbine steam inlet pressure transmitter 12 and a drive turbine steam inlet temperature transmitter 13, the outlet of the drive turbine 4 is communicated to the steam inlet of the condenser 6, a pipeline at the steam outlet of the drive turbine 4 is provided with a drive turbine steam outlet absolute pressure transmitter 5, a pipeline at the condensed water outlet of the condenser 6 is sequentially provided with a hot well condensed water pressure transmitter 1, a hot well condensed water orifice plate flow meter 2 and a hot well condensed water temperature transmitter 3, a pipeline at the circulating water inlet of the condenser 6 is sequentially provided with a condenser circulating water inlet pressure transmitter 10, a condenser circulating water inlet orifice plate flow meter 9 and a condenser circulating water inlet temperature transmitter 11, a pipeline at the circulating water outlet of the condenser 6 is provided with a condenser circulating water outlet pressure transmitter 7 and a condenser circulating water outlet temperature transmitter 7 8;
working example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the method for determining the thermal economy of a drive turbine according to the present invention includes the steps of:
step 1: measuring the differential pressure D of the condensate flow of the hot well by using the condensate orifice flowmeter 2 of the hot wellP hot wellCalculating the flow rate Q of condensed water in the hot well according to the design data of the orifice plate flowmeterHot well；
Step 2: by using a drive turbine inlet pressure transmitter 12 and a drive turbine inlet temperature transmitter 13 respectivelyMeasuring the pressure p for driving the steam turbine to admit steamAdmission of steamTemperature tAdmission of steamCalculating and obtaining the enthalpy h of the steam inlet of the driving turbine by using an IFC-97 industrial water and steam thermal property modelAdmission of steamEntropy of steam admission sAdmission of steam；
And step 3: the exhaust pressure p of the driving turbine is measured by using the exhaust absolute pressure transmitter 5 of the driving turbineExhaust steamCalculating to obtain the isentropic enthalpy h of the exhaust steam of the driving steam turbine by using the IFC-97 industrial water and steam thermal property models admission；
And 4, step 4: respectively measuring the pressure p of the condensed water of the hot well by utilizing a condensed water pressure transmitter 1 and a condensed water temperature transmitter 3 of the hot wellHot wellTemperature tHot wellCalculating the enthalpy h of the condensed water of the hot well by using an IFC-97 industrial water and steam thermal property modelHot well；
And 5: the condenser circulating water inlet pressure transmitter 10 and the condenser circulating water outlet pressure transmitter 7 are utilized to respectively measure the condenser circulating water inlet pressure PinPressure of water discharge PoutThe condenser circulating water inlet temperature transmitter 11 and the condenser circulating water outlet temperature transmitter 8 respectively measure the inlet water temperature tw1Temperature t of water outletw2Calculating the constant-pressure specific heat capacity c of the circulating water of the condenser by using an IFC-97 industrial water and steam thermal property modelp；
Step 6: condenser circulating water inlet flow differential pressure D is measured by using condenser circulating water orifice flowmeter 9p cycleCalculating the mass flow Q of the circulating water according to the data of the orifice plateCirculation type；
And 7: according to the principle of conservation of mass, the flow Q of the exhaust steam of the turbine is drivenExhaust steamDriving steam turbine steam inlet flow-driving steam turbine steam leakage flow rate is heat well condensate flow rate QHot well，
Let the exhaust enthalpy of the drive turbine be hExhaust steamObtained according to the principle of conservation of energy
QExhaust steam×(hExhaust steam-hHot well)＝cp×QCirculation type×(tw2-tw1)
To obtain the result of the above-mentioned method,
Figure BDA0002631967480000051
Figure BDA0002631967480000052
Figure BDA0002631967480000053
the invention takes a driving turbine and a condenser as a whole research, calculates the exhaust enthalpy of the driving turbine based on a thermodynamic method, and further obtains the thermal economy indexes such as the internal efficiency and the steam consumption rate of the driving turbine. The parameters required to be measured are very few, the measurement cost is low, and only the following measurement is needed: the steam inlet pressure and temperature of the driving turbine, the inlet pressure, temperature and flow of circulating water of the condenser, the outlet pressure and temperature of circulating water of the condenser, the temperature, pressure and flow of condensed water of the hot well and the measurement error have little influence on the result and are not limited by the shaft power of the driven equipment. Therefore, the thermal economy index of the driving turbine is comprehensively known so as to identify or examine whether the driving turbine reaches a design or guaranteed value; the method provides reliable basis for guiding economic and safe operation of the driving steam turbine, provides reasonable suggestions and improvement directions for economic operation in the future, and makes reasonable operation guidance.

Claims (1)

1. A method for determining the thermal economy of a drive turbine, characterized in that it is based on a system comprising a drive turbine (4) and a condenser (6); wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a steam inlet, a condensed water outlet and a circulating water inlet and outlet are arranged on the condenser (6), a pipeline at the inlet of the driving turbine (4) is provided with a driving turbine steam inlet pressure transmitter (12) and a driving turbine steam inlet temperature transmitter (13), a steam outlet of the driving turbine (4) is communicated with the steam inlet of the condenser (6), a driving turbine steam outlet absolute pressure transmitter (5) is arranged at the steam outlet of the driving turbine (4), a hot well condensed water pressure transmitter (1), a hot well condensed water hole plate flow meter (2) and a hot well condensed water temperature transmitter (3) are sequentially arranged on a pipeline at the condensed water outlet of the condenser (6), a condenser circulating water inlet pressure transmitter (10), a condenser circulating water inlet hole plate flow meter (9) and a condenser circulating water inlet temperature transmitter (11) are sequentially arranged on a pipeline at the circulating water inlet of the condenser (6), a condenser circulating water outlet pressure transmitter (7) and a condenser circulating water outlet temperature transmitter (8) are arranged on a circulating water outlet pipeline of the condenser (6);
the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the differential pressure D of the flow of the condensate in the hot well is measured by a condensate orifice flowmeter (2) in the hot wellP hot wellCalculating the flow rate Q of condensed water in the hot well according to the design data of the orifice plate flowmeterHot well；
Step 2: the pressure p of the steam inlet of the driving turbine is respectively measured by using a steam inlet pressure transmitter (12) and a steam inlet temperature transmitter (13) of the driving turbineAdmission of steamTemperature tAdmission of steamCalculating and obtaining the enthalpy h of the steam inlet of the driving turbine by using an IFC-97 industrial water and steam thermal property modelAdmission of steamEntropy of steam admission sAdmission of steam；
And step 3: the exhaust pressure p of the driving turbine is measured by using an exhaust absolute pressure transmitter (5) of the driving turbineExhaust steamCalculating to obtain the isentropic enthalpy h of the exhaust steam of the driving steam turbine by using the IFC-97 industrial water and steam thermal property models admission；
And 4, step 4: the pressure p of the condensed water of the hot well is respectively measured by utilizing a condensed water pressure transmitter (1) and a condensed water temperature transmitter (3) of the hot wellHot wellTemperature tHot wellCalculating the enthalpy h of the condensed water of the hot well by using an IFC-97 industrial water and steam thermal property modelHot well；
And 5: the condenser circulating water inlet pressure transmitter (10) and the condenser circulating water outlet pressure transmitter (7) are utilized to respectively measure the condenser circulating water inlet pressure PinPressure of water discharge PoutThe condenser circulating water inlet temperature transmitter (11) and the condenser circulating water outlet temperature transmitter (8) respectively measureTemperature t of inlet waterw1Temperature t of water outletw2Calculating the constant-pressure specific heat capacity c of the circulating water of the condenser by using an IFC-97 industrial water and steam thermal property modelp；
Step 6: the condenser circulating water orifice flowmeter (9) is utilized to measure the condenser circulating water inflow flow differential pressure Dp cycleCalculating the mass flow Q of the circulating water according to the data of the orifice plateCirculation type；
And 7: according to the principle of conservation of mass, the flow Q of the exhaust steam of the turbine is drivenExhaust steamDriving steam turbine steam inlet flow-driving steam turbine steam leakage flow rate is heat well condensate flow rate QHot wellSetting the exhaust enthalpy of the drive turbine to hExhaust steamAccording to the principle of energy conservation, the method comprises the following steps:
Qexhaust steam×(hExhaust steam-hHot well)＝cp×QCirculation type×(tw2-tw1)
Determining the exhaust enthalpy of the drive turbine
Figure FDA0002631967470000021
Internal efficiency of drive steam turbine
Figure FDA0002631967470000022
Figure FDA0002631967470000023
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CN113806680A (en) * 2021-09-28 2021-12-17 西安热工研究院有限公司 Method for calculating correction quantity of steam turbine inlet pressure loss to steam turbine internal efficiency
CN113806680B (en) * 2021-09-28 2024-02-27 西安热工研究院有限公司 Method for calculating correction amount of steam turbine internal efficiency caused by steam turbine inlet pressure loss

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