CN111929017A - Method for testing mechanical behavior of binding bridge structure of ultra-large container ship - Google Patents
Method for testing mechanical behavior of binding bridge structure of ultra-large container ship Download PDFInfo
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0008—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings of bridges
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for testing the mechanical behavior of a lashing bridge structure of an ultra-large container ship, which comprises the following steps: 1) constructing a coupling structure finite element model; 2) obtaining the average rigidity of the coupling structure prototype through statics analysis, and obtaining the low-order modal frequency and the vibration mode of the coupling structure prototype through dynamic modal analysis; 3) equivalent transformation of a lashing bridge structure; 4) equivalent transformation of a transverse bulkhead structure; 5) constructing a reduced scale model of a coupling structure of the binding bridge and the transverse bulkhead; 6) building a static test device of the binding bridge structure, and carrying out static test; 7) building a modal test device and carrying out a modal test; 8) and comparing the test result with the numerical simulation result, analyzing and correcting the finite element model. Compared with the prior art, the method can quickly and effectively detect the rigidity, the low-order natural frequency and the vibration mode characteristics of the binding bridge of the boxed ship, and overcomes the limitation of higher requirements on fields, loading equipment, personnel, expenses and the like in the test process of a prototype structure test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of mechanical manufacturing and structural mechanics, in particular to a method for testing the structural mechanics behavior of a lashing bridge of an ultra-large container ship under laboratory conditions.
Background
The traditional lashing bridge structure is generally formed by a square pipe or a combined upright post support with an upper platform and a lower platform, and is used for resisting the inertia moment generated by the movement of a container stack on a deck due to the movement of a ship. For large and very large container ships, the container stack on deck has exceeded 12 layers and occupies more than 60% of the total number of containers. The design of the lashing bridge not only relates to the actual packing number of the ship and the flexibility of cargo pile weight arrangement, but also influences the selection of the main dimension of the ship. In order to improve the economic benefit and enlarge the packing number, the length of the lashing bridge structure is longer, but the width is not more than 1.2m all the time, and the height of the lashing bridge is increased from the existing one-layer height and two-layer height to four-layer height and five-layer height. Taking a verified 20000TEU container stern lashing bridge structure as an example, the lashing bridge has the total length of about 58.325m, the height of about 13.871m, the width of 1.250m and the weight of 72 t. Therefore, the lashing bridge structure of the ultra-large container ship has larger volume and mass, and the structural characteristics with larger length-width ratio are more and more obvious. In recent years, designers gradually adopt a lightweight design scheme, for example, a rectangular steel pipe with the original average wall thickness is changed into a rectangular steel pipe with different wall thicknesses for sectional welding to form a binding bridge upright post; the stand changes into I shape structure by rectangle side pipe, and this kind of design has increased manufacturing process's complexity when reducing ligature bridge structure weight.
At present, the mechanical properties of a lashing bridge structure are researched mainly by adopting a finite element method. The classification societies have described the details of finite element model construction of lashing bridges to varying degrees. For example, the size of a finite element grid of a lashing bridge is defined by China Classification Society (CCS) standards and is 100mm, the root of a column support of the lashing bridge is defined as full constraint, and the influence of a transverse bulkhead structure on the lashing bridge is ignored. In the static strength checking process of the lashing bridge structure, the CCS specification defines the lashing force to be 175KN, the LR specification defines the lashing force of the upper layer to be 75% of the safe working load (245kN) of the lashing rod, and the lashing force of the lashing point of the lower layer to be 50% of the safe working load. The lashing bridge structure belongs to large-scale outfitting, and 20000TEU afterbody lashing bridge unilateral lashing point number just reaches one hundred, consequently, it is very difficult to expand statics experiment measurement on prototype structure. In the actual marine transportation process, the lashing bridge often shows high vibration response, when the modal characteristics of the structure are researched, the heavy prototype structure is directly excited, enough excitation force needs to be provided, and enough sensors need to be arranged, which is almost impossible to realize under the actual condition.
CAE analysis of a lashing bridge structure is an important part of the design of the lashing bridge structure, but experimental verification is still required for the lashing bridge with the novel design. The method is used for verifying the accuracy of a numerical result and correcting a numerical model on one hand, and researching the most real mechanical behavior of the lashing bridge structure on the other hand. Current specifications and research, however, ignore the elastic boundary conditions that a transverse bulkhead structure provides for lashing bridges. When the lashing bridge participates in stacking and fastening work, the overall embodied rigidity is realized by the transverse bulkhead and the lashing bridge together, and the modeling range of the transverse bulkhead is confirmed. In the process of shipping, when severe weather is encountered, the failure of the lashing system will cause the accident of losing the container. The stiffness of lashing bridges should be confirmed, but the proposed value difference of different specifications for the stiffness of lashing bridge structures is large. For example, the LR specification suggests an average stiffness of 20kN/mm for one layer of lashing bridge, 15kN/mm for two layers of lashing bridge, 10 kN/mm for three layers of lashing bridge, and 5kN/mm for four layers of lashing bridge. BV standard defines the rigidity of ligature system (including ligature bridge, ligature pole and turnbuckle etc.) as the rigidity of ligature subassembly (ligature pole and turnbuckle) multiply a reduction coefficient, and the value of this reduction coefficient is relevant with ligature bridge and ligature mode, and generally speaking, all is very coarse to the definition of ligature bridge and the system rigidity of tying, and the rigidity of ligature bridge directly influences dynamic response and the safety of stack in the transportation, before appointed ligature plan, should confirm the rigidity of ligature with experimental and stricter numerical simulation, but domestic and foreign research in this aspect has not had breakthrough progress yet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a method for testing the mechanical behavior of a lashing bridge structure of an ultra-large container ship.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for testing the mechanical behavior of a lashing bridge structure of an ultra-large container ship comprises the following steps:
1) constructing a finite element model containing coupling structures under different transverse bulkhead structure ranges according to the structural characteristic parameters of the lashing bridge and the transverse bulkheads;
2) obtaining the stiffness characteristic of the coupling structure prototype, namely average stiffness, through static analysis according to working conditions and boundary conditions, and obtaining the modal attributes of the coupling structure prototype, namely low-order modal frequency and mode through dynamic modal analysis;
3) according to the similarity principle, carrying out equivalent transformation on the lashing bridge structure;
4) performing equivalent transformation of a transverse bulkhead structure;
5) setting a scale ratio, and constructing a scale model of a coupling structure of the binding bridge and the transverse bulkhead;
6) building a static test device of a binding bridge structure, arranging a displacement sensor and carrying out a static test;
7) building a modal test device, arranging an acceleration sensor and carrying out a modal test;
8) and comparing the test result with the numerical simulation result, analyzing and correcting the finite element model.
In the step 1), the finite element model of the coupling structure is a 1:1 finite element model of a lashing bridge and a transverse bulkhead, the finite element model is constructed in a mode of combining plate units and beam units, different structural ranges of the transverse bulkhead comprise transverse bulkheads with the heights of 0.0m, 3.0m and 7.3m and complete arc-shaped sections respectively, the finite element model mainly adopts a mode of combining the plate units and the beam units, the size of a grid is 150mm according to the specification requirement of CCS classification society, and partial structural grids are refined, such as the positions of lashing points, the connecting parts of the lashing bridge and the hull structure, and the like.
In the step 2), the calculation formula of the average rigidity is as follows:
wherein, KBYFor lashing bridge overall structural average stiffness, FYiIs the component force of the ith binding point in the Y direction, YiAnd the strain of the ith binding point in the y direction, wherein N represents the number of the total binding points.
Step 3) in, the ligature bridge structure is the grillage structure that constructs through the welding, carry out the equivalent transform of ligature bridge structure and specifically do:
for the upright post support formed by welding rectangular square tubes with different wall thicknesses, the rectangular steel tubes of different sections are equivalent to rectangular steel tubes with uniform wall thickness;
for a shear wall structure, plates of different thicknesses are tailor welded together, with the thick plates on the underside and the thin plates on the topside.
For the upright post support of the I-shaped structure formed by tailor welding of different structural dimension characteristics, the web plate and the panel of the I-shaped structure at the lower part of the upright post support are thicker, and the web plate and the panel of the I-shaped structure at the upper side are thinner.
In the step 4), the transverse bulkhead structure is used as an elastic boundary condition of the lashing bridge and is fixed on the foundation in the test process, and the equivalent transformation of the transverse bulkhead structure is specifically as follows:
the transverse bulkhead structure is equivalent to a flat steel plate.
Step 6) in, ligature bridge structure statics test device includes the hydraulic oil pump, hydraulic cylinder, wire rope, the long crossbeam of U type, the I shape short beam, load wire rope, the pulley, coupling structure test model, force sensor and displacement sensor, at statics test in-process, use the hydraulic oil pump to drive the hydraulic cylinder as the power supply, behind the pulley on the long crossbeam of U type and the I shape short beam of wire rope, connect the ligature eye board of ligature bridge, realize applying the ligature power to the ligature bridge, statics test's measured data is the biggest displacement deformation of ligature bridge overall structure, specifically include:
the displacement of the maximum displacement point of the overall structure of the lashing bridge in the X direction, namely the displacement of the lashing bridge in the length direction;
and (4) displacement in the Y direction of the maximum displacement point of the overall structure of the lashing bridge, namely displacement in the width direction of the lashing bridge.
When the binding bridge comprises multiple layers of binding, the accuracy of the binding force direction is ensured by adjusting the U-shaped long beam and the position of the pulley thereon, and the height of the U-shaped long transverse beam is adjusted by the I-shaped short beam so as to realize loading of binding eye plates with different heights.
When the binding points of the binding bridge structure are distributed at different heights, the binding points are divided into a plurality of groups in the test process, partial binding points are loaded each time, and the final measurement result is processed by adopting the superposition principle.
In the step 7), in the modal test process, arranging a plurality of piezoelectric acceleration sensors along the length direction of the lashing bridge, adopting a single-point excitation multipoint response mode, acquiring, amplifying and filtering signals through a data acquisition instrument and a multichannel charge amplifier, obtaining a transfer function and a power spectrum through a computer, and finally obtaining the modal frequency and the modal shape of the coupling structure test model after being excited.
Based on a similar theory, a reduced scale model is constructed by using a similar ratio and a similar relation, wherein the similar theory comprises mechanical similarity, material similarity, load similarity, physical similarity and the like.
The first five-order modal characteristics of the reduced scale model are consistent with the prototype structure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the design method of the similar test model of the complex structure of the transverse bulkhead and the large-scale lashing bridge provided by the invention has the advantages that the lashing bridge is equivalently replaced by the steel plate with the specified thickness, the elastic boundary condition of the lashing bridge is simulated, and effective reference is provided for the construction and the test research of the scaled model of the lashing bridge;
the invention provides a method for building a test device for testing the static performance of a lashing bridge.
The invention provides a dynamic characteristic testing method for a lashing bridge, provides a feasible scheme for detecting the low-order natural frequency and the vibration mode of the lashing bridge by simply configuring a reasonable small-sized exciter and an angular velocity sensor, can effectively make up the defect that a conventional testing device is difficult to effectively test, and provides a reliable basis for the design of a structure.
The method for testing the mechanical characteristics of the lashing bridge considers the influence of the transverse bulkhead on the coupling of the lashing bridge, calculates the coupling degree of the transverse bulkheads in different ranges on the lashing bridge structure through a finite element method, verifies the existence of the coupling and the accuracy of the finite element calculation method through a test method, provides theoretical support for the design, simulation and test of the novel lashing bridge structure, and is beneficial to the static and dynamic numerical simulation and structural optimization of the lashing bridge, the health monitoring of the structure or the work of structural response prediction and the like.
The mechanical property testing method for the lashing bridge, provided by the invention, highlights the difference from the specifications of various classification societies, the test result also reflects the difference from the recommended value of the specifications, mainly reflects the rigidity of the lashing bridge, makes up the blank of the structural test research of the lashing bridge in the specifications, and simultaneously provides a theoretical method and basis for the improvement and correction of the specifications.
The mechanical characteristics of the binding bridge structure are researched by constructing a scale model under the laboratory condition, and the limit of a site, large-load loading equipment, modal excitation equipment, personnel and expenses in a prototype structure test can be effectively reduced. The mechanical behavior can be more flexibly, accurately and effectively explored.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a model equivalent design process of the present invention.
Fig. 3a is a three-dimensional model diagram of a lashing bridge prototype structure and a transverse bulkhead (transverse bulkhead height is 3.0m) of the invention, and fig. 3b is a reduced-scale test model.
Fig. 4 is a layout diagram of an experimental setup for modal testing of the present invention.
Fig. 5 shows the test results (third-order modal frequency and mode shape).
FIG. 6 is a frequency domain plot of a modal testing test of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures illustrate:
the method comprises the following steps of 1-a hydraulic oil cylinder, 2-a tension sensor, 3-a U-shaped long beam, 4-a fixed pulley, 5-a steel wire rope, 6-an I-shaped short beam, 7-a binding bridge and a coupling scale model of a ship structure.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
As shown in figure 1, the invention provides a test method for the mechanical properties of a lashing bridge structure of an ultra-large container ship, which specifically comprises the following steps:
1) according to the structural characteristics of the lashing bridge and the transverse bulkheads, a coupling structure finite element model containing different transverse bulkhead structural ranges is constructed in Patran software, and the size of a plate unit grid is not more than 150mm according to the requirements of China Classification Society (CCS) specifications.
2) Selecting working conditions and boundary conditions, completing finite element analysis of the structure by using Natran software, extracting the rigidity of the whole structure, and obtaining the first five-order mode and the vibration mode of the structure by dynamic mode analysis;
3) and aiming at the characteristics of the complex thin-wall structure of the lashing bridge, constructing an equivalent model of the lashing bridge, wherein the equivalent transformation of the lashing bridge structure is a plate frame structure constructed by welding considering that the lashing bridge is the complex thin-wall structure. The manufacturing and processing of the reduced scale model can not be realized according to the similar principle. Therefore, equivalent transformation needs to be performed on a local structure, for example, a stand column support in a lashing bridge prototype structure is formed by welding rectangular square pipes with different wall thicknesses, and rectangular steel pipes of different sections are equivalent to rectangular steel pipes with uniform wall thicknesses. The upright post support of the I-shaped structure is also formed by welding different structural size characteristics, and is mainly characterized in that a web plate and a panel of the I-shaped structure at the lower part of the upright post support are thicker, and a web plate and a panel of the I-shaped structure at the upper side are thinner. The shear wall structure welds plates with different thicknesses together in a splicing manner, wherein the thick plate is positioned at the lower side, and the thin plate is positioned at the upper side;
4) the flat plate with proper thickness is selected to replace the transverse bulkhead structure to simulate the transverse bulkhead structure to bring elastic support boundary conditions for a lashing bridge, the equivalent transformation of the transverse bulkhead structure is to consider the complex structural characteristics of the transverse bulkhead structure, and the manufacturing and processing of a scale model of the transverse bulkhead structure cannot be realized according to the similar principle. The transverse bulkhead structure, which serves as the elastic boundary condition for the lashing bridge, is fixed to the foundation during the test. In the invention, the transverse bulkhead structure is equivalent to a straight steel plate;
5) selecting a proper scale ratio, constructing a scale test model of the binding bridge and the transverse bulkhead, and calculating the mechanical characteristics of the scale model by adopting a finite element method;
6) arranging an oil pump, an oil cylinder, a steel wire rope, a fixed pulley, a U-shaped long beam, an I-shaped short beam, a foundation bolt, a tension sensor, a displacement sensor, a computer and the like, and unfolding a binding bridge static test;
7) arranging a vibration exciter, an acceleration sensor, a data acquisition instrument, a computer and the like, and developing a modal test of the binding bridge structure;
8) and comparing the finite element analysis result with the test result, and correcting the finite element model.
Examples
In the example, 20000TEU container stern lashing bridges and transverse bulkheads (3.0m in height) are used as entities for construction of a scale model and testing of mechanical behavior.
1. Determining the entity working condition of the lashing bridge;
the 20000TEU container stern lashing bridge and partial cross bulkhead structural model refer to fig. 3a and 3 b. Only one side of a lashing bridge structure is provided with a shear wall, characteristic parameters of the structure refer to a table 1, wherein the upright post supports and the lashing supports of the 2 nd, 6 th, 7 th and 11 th groups are designed in an I-shaped steel form, the shear wall structure is formed by welding plates with different thicknesses of 25mm, 20mm, 12mm and the like, and the rectangular steel upright posts are formed by welding rectangular steels with different plate thicknesses of 30mm, 20mm, 10mm and the like.
Finite element modeling is carried out on a binding bridge of a 20000TEU container ship, a plate-girder combined finite element model is adopted, and the material property is Q235 common steel.
TABLE 1 lashing bridge characteristic parameters
| Parameter(s) | Value of | Unit of |
| Length of | 58.325 | m |
| Width of | 1.150 | m |
| Height | 13.871 | m |
| Height of the first layer | 0.850 | m |
| Height of second layer | 3.864 | m |
| Height of third layer | 6.380 | m |
| The fourth layer | 9.760 | m |
| The fifth layer | 12.671 | m |
| Width of sidewalk board | 0.750 | m |
| Binding mode | External binding | - |
| Binding points | Third, fourth and fifth layers | - |
| Number of columns | 24 | - |
| Number of shear walls | 4 | - |
| Transverse bulkhead height | 3.000 | m |
2. A finite element model of a coupling structure of a transverse bulkhead and a lashing bridge is constructed by using Patran software, and the size of a grid is not more than 150mm according to the specification requirement of China Classification Society (CCS). According to the scheme, the last lashing bridge at the tail of the container ship is selected as an example, so that the lashing bridge only bears the stress on one side, and the rigidity, the first five-order mode and the vibration mode of a lashing bridge structure containing different cross cabin wall ranges are obtained through finite element analysis.
TABLE 2 modal frequencies and modes of coupling structures
3. Through finite element analysis, a lashing bridge equivalent model is constructed, in view of the complexity of a lashing bridge structure, a reduced scale ratio model is constructed by directly adopting a similar theory, and almost impossible to realize in the manufacturing process, as shown in fig. 2, a series of model corrections are carried out, for example, an I-shaped steel structure in a stand column support and a lashing support is corrected into a rectangular steel pipe structure, and a shear wall structure formed by splicing and welding plates with different thicknesses is changed into a plate structure with uniform thickness.
4. The transverse bulkhead structure is a complex thin-walled structure, as shown in fig. 3a and 3 b. In the test process, the transverse bulkhead needs to be fixed on the ground, so that the elastic support boundary condition of the transverse bulkhead to the lashing bridge is simulated by adopting a plate structure with the thickness of 30mm, and the basis of equivalent transformation is to ensure that the mechanical characteristics of the lashing bridge structure cannot be damaged, such as rigidity, modal properties and the like.
5. A scale ratio of 1/10 was chosen to construct a trial scale model of the coupled structure, as shown in figures 3a and 3 b. And static and dynamic numerical simulation is carried out on the reduced scale model by adopting a finite element method, and the characteristic parameters of the reduced scale model refer to a table 3.
TABLE 3 reduced-scale model characteristic parameters
6. Static test device of lashing bridge structure refers to fig. 4. The power device for the test is provided by controlling the hydraulic oil cylinder through the hydraulic oil pump, one end of the steel wire rope is connected with the binding eye plate of the binding bridge, the other end of the steel wire rope bypasses the movable pulley on the U-shaped long beam and is connected with the hydraulic oil cylinder, and a tension sensor is connected between the hydraulic oil cylinder and the steel wire rope. The pressure of the oil pump is controlled by a computer, and the numerical value of the tension sensor is monitored by the computer. The number of the binding bridges is 42, 6 oil cylinders are adopted each time, namely 6 binding points are loaded each time, the direction of force loading is controlled through the position of the pulley on the U-shaped long beam, the position relation between the force direction composite binding bridge and the container stack is ensured, data are recorded after each group of loading is completed, the positions of the pulley and the oil cylinders are moved, the next group of loading is carried out, and the binding points on the binding bridges are located at different heights, so that I-shaped short beams are not needed when the fourth and fifth binding points are loaded, when the third layer of binding points are loaded, the short beams need to be installed, the accuracy of the force loading direction is ensured, the force is loaded to 100kg first, and then a target value is loaded. And finally, calculating a test result by a superposition principle, wherein the binding force in the test process is controllable, the result refers to a table 4, the working condition 1 corresponds to the CCS specification, and the working condition 2 corresponds to the LR specification.
TABLE 4 comparison of test results with scaled calculations
7. First, 50 nodes are arranged in a computer system to describe a lashing bridge structure. 38 acceleration sensors are arranged, as can be seen in fig. 5, with 20-200Hz excitation applied by the exciter at the node 12 location. The frequency domain curve of the lashing bridge structure is obtained as shown in fig. 6, wherein the mode shape and frequency of the third order can refer to fig. 5. The geometric correlation between the two mode shapes is evaluated by the mode shape correlation coefficient mac (modal assessment criterion). The MAC is defined as the normalized scalar product of the sum of two sets of test mode vectors:
TABLE 6MAC matrix
The value of the MAC is between 0 and 1, which is zero when the two mode shapes are orthogonal and equal to 1 when they are parallel or proportional, as shown in the MAC matrix table 6 for the first six mode shapes, all MAC values from the first to sixth mode shapes are less than 5%, indicating good inconsistency between the mode shapes.
The method provided by the invention can effectively realize the test of the mechanical characteristics of the lashing bridge structure of the ultra-large container ship, and simultaneously, the feasibility and the practicability of the method are verified through experiments. The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, therefore, the present invention should be limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for testing the mechanical behavior of a lashing bridge structure of an ultra-large container ship is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) constructing a finite element model containing coupling structures under different structural ranges of the transverse bulkheads according to structural characteristic parameters of the lashing bridge and the transverse bulkheads;
2) obtaining the stiffness characteristic of the coupling structure prototype, namely average stiffness, through static analysis according to working conditions and boundary conditions, and obtaining the modal attributes of the coupling structure prototype, namely low-order modal frequency and mode through dynamic modal analysis;
3) according to the similarity principle, carrying out equivalent transformation on the lashing bridge structure;
4) performing equivalent transformation of a transverse bulkhead structure;
5) setting a scale ratio, and constructing a scale model of a coupling structure of the binding bridge and the transverse bulkhead;
6) building a static test device of a binding bridge structure, arranging a displacement sensor and carrying out a static test;
7) building a modal test device, arranging an acceleration sensor and carrying out a modal test;
8) and comparing the test result with the numerical simulation result, analyzing and correcting the finite element model.
2. The method for testing the mechanical behavior of a lashing bridge structure of an ultra-large container ship according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the finite element model of the coupling structure is a 1:1 finite element model of a lashing bridge and a transverse bulkhead, the finite element model is constructed by combining plates and beam units, and different structural ranges of the transverse bulkhead comprise the transverse bulkhead with the height of 0.0m, 3.0m and 7.3m and a complete arc-shaped section.
3. The method for testing the mechanical behavior of the lashing bridge structure of the ultra-large container ship according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the average stiffness is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein, KBYFor lashing bridge overall structural average stiffness, FYiIs the component force of the ith binding point in the Y direction, YiAnd the strain of the ith binding point in the y direction, wherein N represents the number of the total binding points.
4. The method for testing the mechanical behavior of the lashing bridge structure of the ultra-large container ship according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the lashing bridge structure is a plate frame structure constructed by welding, and the equivalent transformation of the lashing bridge structure is specifically as follows:
for the upright post support formed by welding rectangular square tubes with different wall thicknesses, the rectangular steel tubes of different sections are equivalent to rectangular steel tubes with uniform wall thickness;
for a shear wall structure, plates of different thicknesses are tailor welded together, with the thick plates on the underside and the thin plates on the topside.
For the upright post support of the I-shaped structure formed by tailor welding of different structural dimension characteristics, the web plate and the panel of the I-shaped structure at the lower part of the upright post support are thicker, and the web plate and the panel of the I-shaped structure at the upper side are thinner.
5. The method for testing the mechanical behavior of a lashing bridge structure of an ultra-large container ship according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the transverse bulkhead structure is used as an elastic boundary condition of the lashing bridge and is fixed on a foundation in a test process, and the equivalent transformation of the transverse bulkhead structure is specifically as follows:
the transverse bulkhead structure is equivalent to a flat steel plate.
6. The method for testing the mechanical behavior of the lashing bridge structure of the ultra-large container ship according to claim 1, wherein in the step 6), the static test device of the lashing bridge structure comprises a hydraulic oil pump, a hydraulic oil cylinder, a steel wire rope, a U-shaped long beam, an I-shaped short beam, a loaded steel wire rope, a pulley, a coupling structure test model, a tension sensor and a displacement sensor, in the static test process, the hydraulic oil pump is used as a power source to drive the hydraulic cylinder, the steel wire rope is connected with a lashing eye plate of the lashing bridge after bypassing the pulley on the U-shaped long beam and the I-shaped short beam, so that the lashing bridge is applied with lashing force, and the measurement data of the static test is the maximum displacement deformation of the integral structure of the lashing bridge:
the displacement of the maximum displacement point of the overall structure of the lashing bridge in the X direction, namely the displacement of the lashing bridge in the length direction;
and (4) displacement in the Y direction of the maximum displacement point of the overall structure of the lashing bridge, namely displacement in the width direction of the lashing bridge.
7. The method for testing the mechanical behavior of the lashing bridge structure of the ultra-large container ship according to claim 6, wherein when the lashing bridge comprises multiple layers of lashing, the accuracy of the lashing force direction is ensured by adjusting the positions of the U-shaped long beam and the pulleys thereon, and the height of the U-shaped long beam is adjusted by the I-shaped short beam so as to load lashing eye plates with different heights.
8. The method for testing the mechanics behavior of a lashing bridge structure of an ultra-large container ship according to claim 7, wherein when the lashing points of the lashing bridge structure are distributed at different heights, the lashing points are divided into a plurality of groups in the test process, each time a part of the lashing points are loaded, the final measurement result is processed by adopting the superposition principle.
9. The method for testing the mechanical behavior of the lashing bridge structure of the ultra-large container ship according to claim 1, wherein in the step 7), in the modal test process, a plurality of piezoelectric acceleration sensors are arranged along the length direction of the lashing bridge, signals are collected, amplified and filtered by a data collector and a multi-channel charge amplifier in a single-point excitation multi-point response mode, a transfer function and a power spectrum are obtained by a computer, and the modal frequency and the modal vibration mode of the coupling structure test model after being excited are finally obtained.
10. The method for testing the mechanical behavior of the lashing bridge structure of the ultra-large container ship according to claim 1, wherein the first five-order modal characteristics of the scaled model are consistent with a prototype structure.
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| CN112699501A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-04-23 | 中国船舶科学研究中心 | Cable tension monitoring system based on pulley shaft |
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| CN115158537A (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2022-10-11 | 江苏扬子鑫福造船有限公司 | Integrated transverse bulkhead structure |
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