CN111927469A - Systematic construction method for advanced prediction of water burst of karst tunnel - Google Patents
Systematic construction method for advanced prediction of water burst of karst tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013277 forecasting method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/003—Arrangement of measuring or indicating devices for use during driving of tunnels, e.g. for guiding machines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/885—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for ground probing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
- G01V3/12—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with electromagnetic waves
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
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Abstract
The invention discloses a systematic construction method for advanced prediction of water burst of a karst tunnel, which comprises the following steps: (1) researching the existing data to make a forecasting scheme; (2) detecting the palm surface process; (3) a drilling machine measuring process; (4) and measuring the water burst position; (5) and performing rock drilling verification. The invention relates to multi-equipment linkage, which strengthens systematization: compared with the traditional advanced forecasting method, the advanced forecasting method has the advantages that equipment for advanced forecasting is organically combined, the equipment is linked with each other, a systematic solution is provided for solving the problem of advanced forecasting of the water burst of the karst tunnel, the advantages and disadvantages are complementary, the forecasting precision is improved, the advanced forecasting mechanism of the water burst of the karst tunnel is perfected, the popularization prospect is good, a whole set of systematic solution is provided for the water burst of the karst tunnel, the advanced forecasting effect is good through practical engineering application, and the method has a certain popularization value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geological detection, in particular to a systematic construction method for advanced prediction of water burst of a karst tunnel.
Background
Along with the acceleration of the construction process of the highway tunnel in China, the highway tunnel is often subjected to the situation of complicated geological conditions during construction. Due to a large amount of karst geology in southwest areas of China, great construction difficulty is brought to tunnel construction, and meanwhile, construction risks are increased. Particularly in the limestone area with karst development, the probability of uncovering the karst cave in tunnel construction is higher, and the generated harm is also larger. If the water-rich cavern is large-scale, serious damage to constructors and mechanical equipment can be caused instantaneously, and unpredictable results are caused. If the time is short, the construction period is prolonged and the investment is increased, and if the time is long, the safety accident is serious. Due to the limitations of the level, the cost and the construction period of the prior art, it is almost impossible to completely check the positions, the sizes, the trends and other problems of all karst caves, so that the advance geological forecast of karst areas is the primary task of preventing or avoiding geological disasters in the construction process.
Usually, the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are integrated through a geological radar, the method has the characteristics of high resolution, rapidness, no damage, continuous detection, real-time display and the like, signals are obviously reflected within the range of 40m in front of a tunnel face, and the method is an ideal detection means. However, the instrument has poor sealing performance, is easy to damage in a humid environment, does not have a special antenna, wastes time and labor in operation, and has poor effect, so that the instrument needs to be perfected.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that the invention provides a systematic construction method for advanced prediction of water inrush of a karst tunnel, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) researching the existing data to make a forecasting scheme: detecting a tunnel face to be detected by using a TSP303 tunnel seismic detector, aiming at detecting the conditions of a dangerous fault area, a karst cave and a water-bearing rock stratum within 200 meters in front of the tunnel face and achieving the aim of detecting the front approximate geological condition at medium and long distances;
(2) and the process for detecting the palm surface comprises the following steps: verifying the geological condition detected by the TSP303 by using a geological radar, and comprehensively judging whether a cavern exists in front of the tunnel face according to the TSP303 and the geological radar;
(3) and a drilling machine determination process: the multifunctional advanced geological drilling machine is used for horizontal drilling, the position distance of the solution cavity is further determined, the distance between the water burst position and the tunnel face is judged according to the drilling depth of the multifunctional advanced geological drilling machine when a large amount of water burst occurs in the drilled hole, and the purpose of short-distance linear detection is achieved;
(4) and a water burst position determination process: then, a transient electromagnetic instrument is used for determining the specific direction of a water source at the water inrush position, so that the purpose of short-distance and large-section advanced prediction is achieved;
(5) and rock drilling verification process: adopting a three-arm rock drilling trolley, drilling 5 deepened blast holes with the depth of 10 meters around the drill holes of the multifunctional advanced geological drilling machine before blasting and drilling the tunnel face, systematically analyzing and verifying the forecast results of the transient electromagnetic instrument by utilizing the deepened blast holes, if the forecast results do not meet the requirements, measuring by utilizing the step (4) again, if the forecast results meet the requirements, generating a karst tunnel water burst advanced forecast report, reporting the forecast results to a master worker, and after a construction scheme is formulated, continuing construction.
Preferably, in step (2), before detection, a lateral line is arranged at the wall side of the tunnel, a plurality of shot points (about 24 or so) are arranged along the direction of the lateral line, so as to excite a small artificial seismic source, data acquisition can be carried out on any side wall in general, if a fault appears at the right side of the tunnel at first, the shot points are arranged at the right side of the tunnel, when a seismic wave meets a rock wave impedance difference interface (such as faults, a fragmentation zone, lithology change and the like), a part of seismic signals are reflected back, a part of signals are transmitted into a front medium, the reflected seismic signals are received by a high-sensitivity seismic detector, the received data are processed by TSP win software, so that the properties (weak lithologic zones, fragmentation zones, faults, water-bearing rock stratums and the like) and the positions and the scales of the geological body in front of the working face of the tunnel can be known, the resolution of TSP detection is the geological body with the volume being more than or equal to, for the rich water section, the TSP cannot quantitatively predict the water inflow of the groundwater, as with all other geophysical prospecting means, but can only semiquantitatively predict no water, little water, much water or rich water. Through evaluation of a TSP software processing result, if S wave reflection is found to be stronger than P wave, the rock stratum is full of water, a geological radar is needed to be used for carrying out advanced prediction on the front rock stratum, and the two are verified mutually to judge whether a front karst cavity exists.
And (3) transmitting broad-spectrum and high-frequency electromagnetic waves to an underground medium by using a transmitting antenna, generating transmission, refraction and reflection phenomena when the electromagnetic waves meet an electrical property (dielectric constant and conductivity) difference interface, generating absorption, filtering and scattering effects on the transmitted electromagnetic waves by using the medium, receiving and recording reflected waves from the underground by using a receiving antenna, performing data processing by using corresponding processing software, performing inference and explanation by combining engineering geology and geophysical characteristics according to a processed data image, and detecting the geological conditions (surrounding rock properties, geological structure, surrounding rock integrity, underground water, karst cave and the like) in front of the tunnel face. During geological radar detection, longitudinal wiring is mainly used, transverse wiring is used as an auxiliary, the longitudinal wiring positions are respectively arranged at the top of a tunnel vault, the left arch waist, the right arch waist, the left side wall and the right side wall of the tunnel, the transverse wiring positions can be respectively arranged at the bottom of the tunnel vault, the left arch waist, the right arch waist, the left side wall and the right side wall of the tunnel, the wire distance is generally 8-12 m, each section is not less than 6 points when point measurement is adopted, and measurement lines or measurement points are encrypted when unqualified sections.
Preferably, in the step (3), an advanced geological drilling machine is adopted to accurately measure and pay off according to the designed position of the hole position before drilling, the hole position of the hole is marked on the excavation working surface by red paint, after the hole position is distributed, the equipment is in place, and each power supply, air supply pipeline and water supply pipeline are connected. The front end of a drilling tool is aligned to a hole position on an excavation working surface, the direction of the drilling tool is adjusted, drilling is started, the drilling position of the drilling tool is not deviated when the drilling is carried out, the position of the drilling tool is unchanged after the drilling is finished, the loosening condition of a machine is periodically checked in the drilling process, the adjustment is carried out in time, a guide device of the drilling tool is lengthened as far as possible, and a drilling rod with high rigidity is selected, so that the rigidity of the drilling tool is improved, and the sinking amount of the drilling tool is reduced. And in the drilling process, the core and the rock powder are identified in time, the rock name is judged, and the representative core is selected for sorting and storing.
Preferably, in step (5), the transient electromagnetic method belongs to a time domain electromagnetic induction method, and the detection principle is as follows: the current pulse square wave is supplied on the sending back line, a primary magnetic field which is transmitted to the normal direction of the transmitting return line is generated at the moment that the back edge of the square wave descends, the geologic body generates an eddy current under the excitation of the primary magnetic field, the size of the eddy current depends on the electric conduction degree of the geologic body, the eddy current does not disappear immediately after the primary field disappears, the eddy current has a transition (attenuation) process, the transition process generates an attenuated secondary magnetic field to be transmitted to the geologic body, the receiving return line receives the secondary magnetic field, and the change of the secondary magnetic field reflects the electric distribution condition of the geologic body. The detection is carried out in a clockwise direction, and each measuring point can measure 7 directions, namely 45 degrees of a top plate, 30 degrees of the top plate, 15 degrees of the top plate, 0 degree of an in-layer, 45 degrees of a bottom plate, 30 degrees of the bottom plate and 15 degrees of the bottom plate. The measurement is changed from one point to the next point, one measurement ensures the continuity of the record, and the detection direction or sequence is not required to be changed arbitrarily in the middle. When the wide-range detection is carried out, the distance between the measuring points, namely the moving step distance of the wire frame in the transverse direction, is 5-10 m, the point distance between the measuring points can be 15m, and generally the distance between the measuring points is less than 15 m. The effective data points of the palm surface are not less than 8 when the palm surface is detected.
Preferably, in the step (5), the following points are followed when the three-arm drill jumbo is used for deepening the blast hole, wherein firstly, the uniform drilling speed is ensured, so that whether the rock stratum grade is uniform or not is judged; secondly, observing slurry in the drilling process in time and judging the surrounding rock condition; thirdly, judging whether water gushes in front of the hole site according to the water seepage quantity and the water seepage quantity after drilling; and fourthly, checking whether gas overflows or not, and judging whether harmful gas exists or not.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that multiple devices are linked, and systematization is enhanced: compared with the traditional advanced forecasting method, the advanced forecasting method has the advantages that equipment for advanced forecasting is organically combined, the equipment is linked with each other, a systematic solution is provided for solving the problem of advanced forecasting of the water burst of the karst tunnel, the advantages and disadvantages are complementary, the forecasting precision is improved, the advanced forecasting mechanism of the water burst of the karst tunnel is perfected, the popularization prospect is good, a whole set of systematic solution is provided for the water burst of the karst tunnel, the advanced forecasting effect is good through practical engineering application, and the method has a certain popularization value.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive labor.
Fig. 1 is a process flow chart of a systematic construction method for advanced prediction of water inrush in a karst tunnel according to this embodiment;
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and thus the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments of the present disclosure.
In the embodiment, as can be seen from the attached drawing 1 of the specification, the systematic construction method for the advance forecasting of the water burst of the karst tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) researching the existing data to make a forecasting scheme: detecting a tunnel face to be detected by using a TSP303 tunnel seismic detector, aiming at detecting the conditions of a dangerous fault area, a karst cave and a water-bearing rock stratum within 200 meters in front of the tunnel face and achieving the aim of detecting the front approximate geological condition at medium and long distances;
(2) and the process for detecting the palm surface comprises the following steps: verifying the geological condition detected by the TSP303 by using a geological radar, and comprehensively judging whether a cavern exists in front of the tunnel face according to the TSP303 and the geological radar;
(3) and a drilling machine determination process: the multifunctional advanced geological drilling machine is used for horizontal drilling, the position distance of the solution cavity is further determined, the distance between the water burst position and the tunnel face is judged according to the drilling depth of the multifunctional advanced geological drilling machine when a large amount of water burst occurs in the drilled hole, and the purpose of short-distance linear detection is achieved;
(4) and a water burst position determination process: then, a transient electromagnetic instrument is used for determining the specific direction of a water source at the water inrush position, so that the purpose of short-distance and large-section advanced prediction is achieved;
(5) and rock drilling verification process: adopting a three-arm rock drilling trolley, drilling 5 deepened blast holes with the depth of 10 meters around the drill holes of the multifunctional advanced geological drilling machine before blasting and drilling the tunnel face, systematically analyzing and verifying the forecast results of the transient electromagnetic instrument by utilizing the deepened blast holes, if the forecast results do not meet the requirements, measuring by utilizing the step (4) again, if the forecast results meet the requirements, generating a karst tunnel water burst advanced forecast report, reporting the forecast results to a master worker, and after a construction scheme is formulated, continuing construction.
As can be seen from the attached drawing 1 of the specification, in the step (2), before detection is performed, a lateral line is arranged on the wall side of the tunnel, a plurality of shot points (about 24 shot points) are arranged along the direction of the lateral line, so as to excite a small artificial seismic source, data acquisition can be performed on any side wall in general, if a fault appears on the right side of the tunnel at first, the shot points are arranged on the right side of the tunnel, when a seismic wave meets a rock wave impedance difference interface (such as faults, broken zones, lithological changes and the like), a part of seismic signals are reflected back, a part of signals are transmitted into a front medium, the reflected seismic signals are received by a high-sensitivity seismic detector, and the received data are processed by tspwin software, so that the properties (soft rock zones, broken zones, faults, water-bearing rock strata and the like) and the positions and the scales of the geological body in front of the working face of the tunnel can be known, the resolution ratio of TSP detection is a geologic body with the volume of more than or equal to 1m3, and for a water-rich section, TSP can not quantitatively forecast the water inflow of underground water as with all other geophysical prospecting means, but can only semiquantitatively forecast no water, little water, much water or rich water. Through evaluation of a TSP software processing result, if S wave reflection is found to be stronger than P wave, the rock stratum is full of water, a geological radar is needed to be used for carrying out advanced prediction on the front rock stratum, and the two are verified mutually to judge whether a front karst cavity exists.
As can be seen from fig. 1 in the specification, in the above geological radar verification process, which is required between step (2) and step (3), a transmitting antenna is used to transmit broad-spectrum and high-frequency electromagnetic waves to an underground medium, when the electromagnetic waves encounter an electrical property (dielectric constant, conductivity) difference interface, transmission, refraction and reflection phenomena occur, meanwhile, the medium can also generate absorption, filtering and scattering effects on the transmitted electromagnetic waves, a receiving antenna is used to receive and record the reflected waves from the underground, corresponding processing software is used to perform data processing, then, inference and explanation are performed according to the processed data image and the engineering geology and geophysical characteristics, and the engineering geology conditions (the properties of surrounding rocks, the geological structure, the integrity of the surrounding rocks, the underground water, the karst caves and the like) in front of the tunnel face are detected. During geological radar detection, longitudinal wiring is mainly used, transverse wiring is used as an auxiliary, the longitudinal wiring positions are respectively arranged at the top of a tunnel vault, the left arch waist, the right arch waist, the left side wall and the right side wall of the tunnel, the transverse wiring positions can be respectively arranged at the bottom of the tunnel vault, the left arch waist, the right arch waist, the left side wall and the right side wall of the tunnel, the wire distance is generally 8-12 m, each section is not less than 6 points when point measurement is adopted, and measurement lines or measurement points are encrypted when unqualified sections.
As can be seen from the attached drawing 1 of the specification, in the step (3), a leading geological drilling machine is adopted to accurately measure and pay off according to the designed position of the hole position before drilling, the hole position of the hole is marked on the excavation working surface by red paint, after the hole position is distributed, the equipment is in place, and all power supplies, air supply pipelines and water supply pipelines are connected. The front end of a drilling tool is aligned to a hole position on an excavation working surface, the direction of the drilling tool is adjusted, drilling is started, the drilling position of the drilling tool is not deviated when the drilling is carried out, the position of the drilling tool is unchanged after the drilling is finished, the loosening condition of a machine is periodically checked in the drilling process, the adjustment is carried out in time, a guide device of the drilling tool is lengthened as far as possible, and a drilling rod with high rigidity is selected, so that the rigidity of the drilling tool is improved, and the sinking amount of the drilling tool is reduced. And in the drilling process, the core and the rock powder are identified in time, the rock name is judged, and the representative core is selected for sorting and storing.
As can be seen from the attached fig. 1 of the specification, in the step (5), the transient electromagnetic method belongs to a time domain electromagnetic induction method, and the detection principle is as follows: the current pulse square wave is supplied on the sending back line, a primary magnetic field which is transmitted to the normal direction of the transmitting return line is generated at the moment that the back edge of the square wave descends, the geologic body generates an eddy current under the excitation of the primary magnetic field, the size of the eddy current depends on the electric conduction degree of the geologic body, the eddy current does not disappear immediately after the primary field disappears, the eddy current has a transition (attenuation) process, the transition process generates an attenuated secondary magnetic field to be transmitted to the geologic body, the receiving return line receives the secondary magnetic field, and the change of the secondary magnetic field reflects the electric distribution condition of the geologic body. The detection is carried out in a clockwise direction, and each measuring point can measure 7 directions, namely 45 degrees of a top plate, 30 degrees of the top plate, 15 degrees of the top plate, 0 degree of an in-layer, 45 degrees of a bottom plate, 30 degrees of the bottom plate and 15 degrees of the bottom plate. The measurement is changed from one point to the next point, one measurement ensures the continuity of the record, and the detection direction or sequence is not required to be changed arbitrarily in the middle. When the wide-range detection is carried out, the distance between the measuring points, namely the moving step distance of the wire frame in the transverse direction, is 5-10 m, the point distance between the measuring points can be 15m, and generally the distance between the measuring points is less than 15 m. The effective data points of the palm surface are not less than 8 when the palm surface is detected.
As can be seen from the attached drawing 1 of the specification, in the step (5), when the three-arm drill jumbo is used for deepening the blast hole, the following points are followed, wherein firstly, the uniform drilling speed is ensured, so that whether the rock stratum grade is uniform or not is judged; secondly, observing slurry in the drilling process in time and judging the surrounding rock condition; thirdly, judging whether water gushes in front of the hole site according to the water seepage quantity and the water seepage quantity after drilling; fourthly, checking whether gas overflows or not, and judging whether harmful gas exists or not; the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention in other forms, and any person skilled in the art may apply the above modifications or changes to the equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention, and any simple modification, equivalent change and change made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A systematic construction method for advanced prediction of water burst of a karst tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) researching the existing data to make a forecasting scheme: detecting a tunnel face to be detected by using a TSP303 tunnel seismic detector, aiming at detecting the conditions of a dangerous fault area, a karst cave and a water-bearing rock stratum within 200 meters in front of the tunnel face and achieving the aim of detecting the front approximate geological condition at medium and long distances;
(2) and the process for detecting the palm surface comprises the following steps: verifying the geological condition detected by the TSP303 by using a geological radar, and comprehensively judging whether a cavern exists in front of the tunnel face according to the TSP303 and the geological radar;
(3) and a drilling machine determination process: the multifunctional advanced geological drilling machine is used for horizontal drilling, the position distance of the solution cavity is further determined, the distance between the water burst position and the tunnel face is judged according to the drilling depth of the multifunctional advanced geological drilling machine when a large amount of water burst occurs in the drilled hole, and the purpose of short-distance linear detection is achieved;
(4) and a water burst position determination process: then, a transient electromagnetic instrument is used for determining the specific direction of a water source at the water inrush position, so that the purpose of short-distance and large-section advanced prediction is achieved;
(5) and rock drilling verification process: adopting a three-arm rock drilling trolley, drilling 5 deepened blast holes with the depth of 10 meters around the drill holes of the multifunctional advanced geological drilling machine before blasting and drilling the tunnel face, systematically analyzing and verifying the forecast results of the transient electromagnetic instrument by utilizing the deepened blast holes, if the forecast results do not meet the requirements, measuring by utilizing the step (4) again, if the forecast results meet the requirements, generating a karst tunnel water burst advanced forecast report, reporting the forecast results to a master worker, and after a construction scheme is formulated, continuing construction.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (2), before the detection, a lateral line is laid on the wall of the tunnel, and shot points (about 24) are arranged along the direction of the lateral line, so as to excite a small artificial seismic source, and data acquisition can be performed on any wall in normal cases, if the fault appears on the right side of the tunnel first, the shot points are arranged on the right side of the tunnel, when the seismic waves encounter a rock wave impedance difference interface (such as fault, broken zone, lithology change and the like), a part of the seismic signals are reflected back, a part of the signals are transmitted into the front medium, the reflected seismic signals are received by a high-sensitivity seismic detector, and the received data are processed by TSP win software, so that the properties (soft lithologic zone, soft lithology change and the like) of the geological body in front of the working face of the tunnel can be known Broken zone, fault, hydrous rock stratum, etc.) and position and scale, the resolution ratio of TSP detection is geologic body whose volume is greater than or equal to 1m3, for the rich water section, TSP can not quantitatively forecast the water inflow of underground water, but can only semiquantitatively forecast no water, little water, much water or rich water, as with other geophysical prospecting means. Through evaluation of a TSP software processing result, if S wave reflection is found to be stronger than P wave, the rock stratum is full of water, a geological radar is needed to be used for carrying out advanced prediction on the front rock stratum, and the two are verified mutually to judge whether a front karst cavity exists.
3. The systematic construction method for advanced prediction of water inrush of karst tunnels according to claim 1, it is characterized in that a geological radar verification process is required between the step (2) and the step (3), the process utilizes the transmitting antenna to transmit broad-spectrum and high-frequency electromagnetic waves to the underground medium, and when the electromagnetic waves encounter an electrical property (dielectric constant and conductivity) difference interface, transmission, refraction and reflection phenomena occur, meanwhile, the medium can also generate absorption filtering and scattering effects on the transmitted electromagnetic waves, the receiving antenna is used for receiving and recording the reflected waves from the underground, corresponding processing software is adopted for data processing, and then, deducing and explaining according to the processed data image in combination with engineering geology and geophysical characteristics, and detecting the engineering geology conditions (such as the properties of surrounding rocks, the geological structure, the integrity of the surrounding rocks, underground water, karst caves and the like) in front of the tunnel face. During geological radar detection, longitudinal wiring is mainly used, transverse wiring is used as an auxiliary, the longitudinal wiring positions are respectively arranged at the top of a tunnel vault, the left arch waist, the right arch waist, the left side wall and the right side wall of the tunnel, the transverse wiring positions can be respectively arranged at the bottom of the tunnel vault, the left arch waist, the right arch waist, the left side wall and the right side wall of the tunnel, the wire distance is generally 8-12 m, each section is not less than 6 points when point measurement is adopted, and measurement lines or measurement points are encrypted when unqualified sections.
4. The systematic construction method for the advance forecasting of the water inrush of the karst tunnel according to the claim 1, wherein in the step (3), an advanced geological drilling machine is adopted to accurately measure and pay off the water according to the designed position of the hole position before drilling, the hole position of the hole is marked on the excavation working surface by red paint, after the hole position is distributed, the equipment is in place, and each power supply, air supply pipeline and water supply pipeline are connected. The front end of a drilling tool is aligned to a hole position on an excavation working surface, the direction of the drilling tool is adjusted, drilling is started, the drilling position of the drilling tool is not deviated when the drilling is carried out, the position of the drilling tool is unchanged after the drilling is finished, the loosening condition of a machine is periodically checked in the drilling process, the adjustment is carried out in time, a guide device of the drilling tool is lengthened as far as possible, and a drilling rod with high rigidity is selected, so that the rigidity of the drilling tool is improved, and the sinking amount of the drilling tool is reduced. And in the drilling process, the core and the rock powder are identified in time, the rock name is judged, and the representative core is selected for sorting and storing.
5. The systematic construction method for advanced prediction of water inrush in karst tunnels according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the transient electromagnetic method belongs to a time domain electromagnetic induction method, and the detection principle is as follows: the current pulse square wave is supplied on the sending back line, a primary magnetic field which is transmitted to the normal direction of the transmitting return line is generated at the moment that the back edge of the square wave descends, the geologic body generates an eddy current under the excitation of the primary magnetic field, the size of the eddy current depends on the electric conduction degree of the geologic body, the eddy current does not disappear immediately after the primary field disappears, the eddy current has a transition (attenuation) process, the transition process generates an attenuated secondary magnetic field to be transmitted to the geologic body, the receiving return line receives the secondary magnetic field, and the change of the secondary magnetic field reflects the electric distribution condition of the geologic body. The detection is carried out in a clockwise direction, and each measuring point can measure 7 directions, namely 45 degrees of a top plate, 30 degrees of the top plate, 15 degrees of the top plate, 0 degree of an in-layer, 45 degrees of a bottom plate, 30 degrees of the bottom plate and 15 degrees of the bottom plate. The measurement is changed from one point to the next point, one measurement ensures the continuity of the record, and the detection direction or sequence is not required to be changed arbitrarily in the middle. When the wide-range detection is carried out, the distance between the measuring points, namely the moving step distance of the wire frame in the transverse direction, is 5-10 m, the point distance between the measuring points can be 15m, and generally the distance between the measuring points is less than 15 m. The effective data points of the palm surface are not less than 8 when the palm surface is detected.
6. The systematic construction method for advance forecasting of water inrush of the karst tunnel according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), when the deepening of the blast hole is performed by using the three-arm drill jumbo, the following points are followed, wherein firstly, the uniform drilling speed is ensured, and thus whether the rock stratum grade is uniform is judged; secondly, observing slurry in the drilling process in time and judging the surrounding rock condition; thirdly, judging whether water gushes in front of the hole site according to the water seepage quantity and the water seepage quantity after drilling; and fourthly, checking whether gas overflows or not, and judging whether harmful gas exists or not.
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