CN111927429B - Detection and early warning device and method for carbon dioxide stored in oil and gas field exploitation layer - Google Patents
Detection and early warning device and method for carbon dioxide stored in oil and gas field exploitation layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN111927429B CN111927429B CN202010746179.0A CN202010746179A CN111927429B CN 111927429 B CN111927429 B CN 111927429B CN 202010746179 A CN202010746179 A CN 202010746179A CN 111927429 B CN111927429 B CN 111927429B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/164—Injecting CO2 or carbonated water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/04—Measuring depth or liquid level
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/70—Combining sequestration of CO2 and exploitation of hydrocarbons by injecting CO2 or carbonated water in oil wells
Abstract
The invention discloses a detection and early warning device and a method for storing carbon dioxide in an oil-gas field exploitation layer, wherein the device comprises a retraction device, a pipe length measuring device, an exhaust pipe, an air inlet device, a carbon dioxide sensor, a temperature sensor and a monitoring cabinet; during detection, the winding and unwinding device drives the exhaust pipe and the air inlet device to enter the monitoring well, and meanwhile, the length of the exhaust pipe is obtained by the pipe length measuring device and is displayed by the monitoring cabinet; the exhaust pipe extracts carbon dioxide at a height to be monitored, the concentration is detected through the carbon dioxide sensor, the temperature is detected through the temperature sensor, the concentration and the temperature are displayed by the monitoring cabinet, and the monitoring cabinet gives an early warning when a set threshold value is exceeded; when the air inlet reaches the bottom of the monitoring well or the ground level, the air inlet is closed. The invention can monitor the concentration and temperature of carbon dioxide in different underground depths in real time and perform early warning in the standard of carbon dioxide super concentration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy and environment, in particular to a device and a method for detecting and early warning carbon dioxide stored in an oil and gas field exploitation layer.
Background
At present, for the exploitation of underground oil and natural gas at home and abroad, gas such as water or carbon dioxide is often input from part of drilling wells, oil or natural gas is exploited from other drilling wells, and the purpose of storing gas such as carbon dioxide is achieved. In order to prevent the gas such as carbon dioxide stored underground from leaking, a monitoring well and a monitoring device are arranged for monitoring, and good ecology and environment are ensured. The existing monitoring device generally adopts underground monitoring, the underground working condition is complex, the industrial grade and standard are high, the required monitoring device is relatively precise, and the maintenance and cost are also high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a device and a method for detecting and early warning carbon dioxide stored in an oil and gas field exploitation layer, which can monitor the concentration and temperature of carbon dioxide in different underground depths in real time and perform early warning on the standard of the concentration of carbon dioxide.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a detection and early warning device for storing carbon dioxide in an oil and gas field exploitation layer comprises a retraction device, a pipe length measuring device, an exhaust pipe, an air inlet device, a carbon dioxide sensor, a temperature sensor and a monitoring cabinet;
the winding and unwinding device and the pipe length measuring device are both arranged on a wellhead of the monitoring well, the winding and unwinding device is communicated with the exhaust pipe, and the end part of the exhaust pipe is communicated with the air inlet device; the monitoring cabinet is arranged on the ground beside the monitoring well, the carbon dioxide sensor and the temperature sensor are arranged on the monitoring cabinet, and the winding and unwinding device and the pipe length measuring device are electrically connected with the monitoring cabinet;
during detection, the winding and unwinding device drives the exhaust pipe and the air inlet device to enter a monitoring well, and meanwhile, the length of the exhaust pipe is obtained by the pipe length measuring device and is displayed by the monitoring cabinet; the exhaust pipe extracts carbon dioxide at a height to be monitored, the concentration is detected through the carbon dioxide sensor, the temperature is detected through the temperature sensor, the concentration and the temperature are displayed by the monitoring cabinet, and the monitoring cabinet gives an early warning when a set threshold value is exceeded;
when the air inlet reaches the bottom of the monitoring well or the ground level, the air inlet is closed.
Furthermore, the retraction device comprises an air exhaust pipe disc, a support, two magnetic sensors I, a magnet I, a pipe dredger, a speed reducer and a motor;
the air exhaust pipe disc is arranged on the support, the motor main shaft is connected with the input shaft of the speed reducer, and the output shaft of the speed reducer drives the air exhaust pipe disc to rotate; the magnet I is fixed on the exhaust pipe disc, the two magnetic sensors I are arranged on the support side by side and located at the running track of the magnet I when the exhaust pipe disc rotates, and a gap is reserved between the two magnetic sensors I and the magnet I; the pipe dredging device is installed on the support, the exhaust pipe is wound on the exhaust pipe disc, the descending and recovery states of the exhaust pipe are judged according to the sequence of the I signals of the two magnetic sensors I for detecting the magnet, and meanwhile, the pipe dredging device synchronously acts according to the signals detected by the magnetic sensors I to enable the exhaust pipe to be regularly arranged.
Furthermore, the pipe dredging device comprises a stepping motor, a guide block, a slide rod, a screw shaft, a microswitch a and a microswitch b;
the two ends of the sliding rod and the screw shaft are supported on the bracket, and the sliding rod is parallel to the screw shaft; the dredging block is sleeved on the sliding rod and is in threaded fit with the screw shaft, and the exhaust pipe penetrates through the dredging block and then is wound on the exhaust pipe disc; the stepping motor is arranged on the outer side surface of the bracket, and a main shaft of the stepping motor is fixedly connected with the screw shaft; the micro switch a and the micro switch b are respectively arranged on the inner wall surfaces of two sides of the bracket fixedly connected with the screw shaft, and the stepping motor drives the screw shaft to rotate forward and backward to drive the dredging block to move back and forth along the sliding rod so as to respectively trigger the micro switch a and the micro switch b.
Furthermore, the pipe length measuring device comprises a driving wheel, a gear accelerator, a transition wheel, a magnet II, an installation frame, a bottom plate and two magnetic sensors II;
the driving wheel and the transition wheel are arranged on the mounting frame, and the exhaust tube drives the driving wheel and the transition wheel; an input shaft of the gear accelerator is connected with a shaft of the transmission wheel, an outward extending shaft of an output shaft of the gear accelerator is provided with a modulation wheel, and the modulation wheel is provided with a magnet II; the two magnetic sensors II are arranged on the bottom plate side by side and are positioned at the running track of the magnet II when the modulation wheel rotates, and a gap is reserved between the two magnetic sensors II and the magnet II; and (4) according to the sequence of the two magnetic sensors II for detecting the signals of the magnet II and the number of turns of the modulation wheel, obtaining the length of the released or recovered exhaust pipe, and recording and displaying the length by the monitoring cabinet.
Further, the detection and early warning device further comprises an exhaust pipe length error corrector, wherein the exhaust pipe length error corrector comprises a magnetic sensor III and a plurality of magnetic film rings;
a plurality of magnetic film rings are arranged on the exhaust pipe at equal intervals, the magnetic sensor III is arranged at the wellhead of the monitoring well, the length of the exhaust pipe which is placed or recovered is obtained according to the number and the interval distance of the magnetic film rings induced by the magnetic sensor III, and the length of the exhaust pipe measured by the pipe length measuring device is corrected.
Further, the air inlet device comprises a shell, a sliding block, a connecting rod, a water stop ring and a floater plug;
the top of the shell is communicated with the exhaust pipe, the bottom of the shell is open, the open end is fixedly connected with a water stop ring, and a conical ring hole is formed in the middle of the water stop ring;
the upper part of the float plug is conical and is fixedly connected with one end of a connecting rod, the connecting rod penetrates through a conical ring hole of the water stop ring, the float plug is positioned outside the shell, the other end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with a sliding block, the sliding block is positioned in the shell, and the sliding block is provided with an air vent;
when the air suction pipe is suspended on the air inlet device for air suction detection, the float plug falls, the bottom surface of the sliding block is abutted against the top surface of the water stop ring, and gas in the monitoring well enters the air suction pipe through the air vent of the sliding block and the inner cavity of the shell along the gap between the connecting rod and the water stop ring; when the air inlet device reaches the bottom of the monitoring well or the ground surface, the floater plug rises, and the conical surface of the floater plug abuts against the inner wall of the conical ring hole of the water stop ring to prevent the gas in the monitoring well from entering the air inlet device.
Furthermore, the monitoring cabinet comprises an air extractor, an electromagnetic air inlet valve a, an electromagnetic air inlet valve b, an electromagnetic air outlet valve, a pressure sensor, a control panel and a plurality of detection tanks;
the air extractor is installed at the bottom of the monitoring cabinet, the plurality of detection tanks are vertically placed on a transverse shelf in the middle of the monitoring cabinet, and a carbon dioxide sensor and a temperature sensor are arranged at the top of each detection tank; the top of the detection tank is communicated with the atmosphere through an electromagnetic air inlet valve a, the top of the detection tank is also provided with an electromagnetic air inlet valve b, all the electromagnetic air inlet valves b are communicated with an air exhaust pipe through a pressure sensor after being connected in parallel, the bottom of each detection tank is provided with an electromagnetic air outlet valve, and all the electromagnetic air outlet valves are communicated with an air extractor after being connected in parallel; the winding and unwinding device, the pipe length measuring device, the air extractor, the carbon dioxide sensor and the temperature sensor are all electrically connected with the control panel.
A detection and early warning method for carbon dioxide stored in an oil and gas field exploitation layer adopts the detection and early warning device, and comprises the following steps:
step one, mounting the detection and early warning device on a wellhead of a monitoring well, and placing an air inlet device in the wellhead of the monitoring well;
opening all the electromagnetic air inlet valves a, the electromagnetic air inlet valves b and the electromagnetic air outlet valves, starting an air extractor to replace air in all the detection tanks and the air extraction pipes, and then closing all the electromagnetic air inlet valves a, the electromagnetic air inlet valves b, the electromagnetic air outlet valves and the air extractor;
inputting the monitoring height in the monitoring well and the corresponding carbon dioxide concentration threshold value on a control panel, starting a retracting device to drive an exhaust pipe and an air inlet device to descend in the monitoring well, and simultaneously obtaining the length of the exhaust pipe by a pipe length measuring device and displaying the length on a display screen of a monitoring cabinet;
step four, the air inlet device is lowered to the height of the 1 st monitoring carbon dioxide concentration and temperature, the control panel automatically opens the electromagnetic air inlet valve b and the electromagnetic air outlet valve of the 1 st detection tank, the air extractor is started to extract air, air in the 1 st monitoring height monitoring well is pumped into the 1 st detection tank, then the electromagnetic air inlet valve b and the electromagnetic air outlet valve of the 1 st detection tank are closed to test the carbon dioxide concentration and temperature, and test data are transmitted to the display screen of the monitoring cabinet in real time to be displayed; the air inlet device is lowered to the height of the 2 nd monitoring carbon dioxide concentration and temperature, the control panel automatically opens the electromagnetic air inlet valve b and the electromagnetic air outlet valve of the 2 nd detection tank until the carbon dioxide concentrations and temperatures of all the set monitoring heights in the monitoring well are detected, and if the carbon dioxide concentrations and temperatures exceed the set threshold values, the monitoring cabinet gives an early warning;
when the air inlet reaches the bottom of the monitoring well or the ground surface, the air inlet is closed, and the display screen of the monitoring cabinet displays the pressure value, the underground depth and the temperature at the position;
and step five, after monitoring is finished, the air inlet device is recovered to a wellhead of the monitoring well by using the retraction device, all the electromagnetic air inlet valves a and b and the electromagnetic air outlet valves are opened, the air pump is started to replace all the detection tanks and the air exhaust pipes with fresh air, and then the monitoring cabinet is closed.
Further, the method for measuring the length of the extraction pipe comprises the following steps: the pipe length measuring device of claim 4 is adopted to judge the descending and recovering state of the exhaust pipe according to the sequence of the two magnetic sensors II for detecting the signals of the magnets II, and the descending or recovering length of the exhaust pipe is obtained according to the number of turns of the modulation wheel.
Further, the method for measuring the length of the extraction pipe further comprises the following steps: meanwhile, the length error corrector of the exhaust tube according to claim 5 is adopted to correct the length of the exhaust tube on the display screen of the monitoring cabinet once when the magnetic film ring is sensed by the magnetic sensor III.
Has the advantages that:
1. the device can monitor the concentration, temperature and underground water level of carbon dioxide in different underground depths on the ground of a gas area for storing carbon dioxide and the like in an oil and gas field exploitation layer, can alarm when the concentration of the carbon dioxide exceeds the standard value, has the characteristics of reasonable arrangement, compact structure, reliable work, intelligent control and the like, and is an ideal monitoring and early warning device for storing the carbon dioxide in the oil and gas field exploitation layer.
2. The pipe dredging device automatically arranges and winds the exhaust pipes on the exhaust pipe disc in order and in layers, thereby saving space.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the installation position of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the air intake;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a monitoring cabinet;
wherein, 1-ground, 2-underground water surface, 3-oil gas field exploitation layer, 4-monitoring well, 5-carbon dioxide monitor, 6-base, 7-dirt cleaner, 8-extraction pipe, 9-magnetic film ring, 10-bracket, 11-reducer, 12-motor, 13-extraction pipe disc, 14-baffle a, 15-baffle b, 16-ventilation shaft, 17-ventilation interface, 18-magnet a, 19-magnetic sensor a, 20-magnetic sensor b, 21-stepping motor, 22-screw shaft, 23-slide rod, 24-dredging block, 25-microswitch a, 26-microswitch b, 27-pipe length measuring device, 28-riser a, 29-riser b, 30-driving wheel, 31-gear accelerator, 32-transition wheel, 33-magnet b, 34-magnetic sensor c, 35-magnetic sensor d, 36-air exhaust pipe length error corrector, 37-vertical plate b, 38-pulley, 39-magnetic sensor e, 40-air inlet device, 41-shell, 42-water stop ring, 43-guide edge, 44-float plug, 45-connecting rod, 46-slide block, 47-carbon dioxide monitoring cabinet, 48-air extractor, 49-transverse shelf, 50-carbon dioxide detection tank, 51-carbon dioxide sensor, 52-temperature sensor and 53-control panel.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment provides a detection and early warning device of oil and gas field exploitation layer storage carbon dioxide, as shown in fig. 1, this detection and early warning device installs on 3 monitoring wells 4 of storage carbon dioxide region in oil and gas field exploitation layer, including carbon dioxide detector 5 and carbon dioxide monitoring cabinet 47, carbon dioxide monitor 5 installs in 4 wellheads of monitoring wells, and carbon dioxide monitoring cabinet 47 installs on 4 other ground 1 of monitoring wells.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the carbon dioxide detector 5 includes a storage device, a pipe length measuring device 27, a trash remover 7, an exhaust pipe length error corrector 36, an exhaust pipe 8, an air intake device 40, a carbon dioxide sensor 51, and a temperature sensor 52.
The retraction device comprises an air exhaust pipe disc 13, a vent shaft 16, a baffle a14, a baffle b15, a bracket 10, two magnetic sensors I, a magnet a18, a pipe dredger, a speed reducer 11 and a motor 12; the two magnetic sensors I are a magnetic sensor a19 and a magnetic sensor b 20.
The two ends of the ventilation shaft 16 are supported on the bracket 10, the exhaust pipe disc 13 is installed on the bracket 10 through the ventilation shaft 16, one end of the ventilation shaft 16 is closed, the other end is open, the open end extends out of the bracket 10, and the opening is used as a ventilation interface 17. The speed reducer 11 and the motor 12 are arranged on the outer side surface of the support 10, the main shaft of the motor 12 is connected with the input shaft of the speed reducer 11, and the output shaft of the speed reducer 11 is connected with the ventilation shaft 16 of the air exhaust pipe disc 13 to drive the air exhaust pipe disc to rotate. The two ends of the ventilation shaft 16 are fixedly connected with a baffle a14 and a baffle b15, and gaps are reserved between the baffles a14 and b15 and the inner wall surface of the bracket 10. The outer side surface of the baffle b15 is provided with a magnet a18, the inner wall surface of the bracket 10 is provided with a magnetic sensor a19 and a magnetic sensor b20 in parallel, the magnetic sensor a is positioned at the running track of the magnet a18 when the exhaust pipe disc 13 rotates, and a gap is reserved between the magnet a18 and the magnetic sensor a19 as well as between the magnet a 20 and the magnetic sensor b 20.
The bracket 10 is also provided with a pipe dredging device, and the pipe dredging device comprises a stepping motor 21, a dredging block 24, a slide rod 23, a screw shaft 22, a microswitch a25 and a microswitch b 26.
The two ends of the slide rod 23 and the screw shaft 22 are supported on the bracket 10, and the slide rod 23 and the screw shaft 22 are arranged in parallel up and down; the upper part of the dredging block 24 is provided with a sliding hole for penetrating the sliding rod 23, the middle part of the dredging block 24 is provided with a dredging hole for penetrating the exhaust pipe 8, and the lower part of the dredging block 24 is provided with a threaded hole for penetrating the screw shaft 22. The guide block 24 is sleeved on the slide rod 23 and is in threaded fit with the screw shaft 22; the stepping motor 21 is arranged on the outer side surface of the bracket 10, the main shaft of the stepping motor 21 is fixedly connected with a screw shaft 22, and the screw pitch on the screw shaft 22 is equal to the outer diameter of the exhaust tube 8; the microswitch a25 and the microswitch b26 are respectively arranged on the inner wall surfaces of two sides of the bracket 10 fixedly connected with the screw shaft 22, the stepping motor 21 and the air exhaust pipe disc 13 synchronously rotate to drive the screw shaft 22 to rotate positively and negatively to drive the dredging block 24 to reciprocate along the slide rod 23, and the microswitch a25 and the microswitch b26 are respectively triggered. The exhaust tube 8 is wound on the exhaust tube disc 13, and the lowering and recovery state of the exhaust tube 8 is judged according to the sequence of detecting the magnet a18 signals by the magnetic sensor a19 and the magnetic sensor b 20. When the air exhaust pipe disc 13 rotates anticlockwise, the magnet a18 approaches the magnetic sensor b20 firstly and then approaches the magnetic sensor a19, and a signal of the air exhaust pipe disc 13 discharging the air exhaust pipe 8 is output; when the air exhaust pipe disc 13 rotates clockwise, the magnet a18 approaches the magnetic sensor a19 and then approaches the magnetic sensor b20, a signal of the air exhaust pipe disc 13 for recovering the air exhaust pipe 8 is output, and at the moment, the stepping motor 21 synchronously rotates the screw shaft 22 to move the guide block 24. Thus, the tube dredging device automatically winds the exhaust tubes 8 on the exhaust tube disc 13 in order and in layers.
The support 10 is installed at base 6 one end, and the base 6 other end is equipped with the breach that supplies exhaust tube 8 to alternate, and it has trash remover 7 to settle in the base 6 bottom surface of this breach department. The base 6 is provided with a cover. One end of the extraction tube 8 wound on the extraction tube disc 13 is communicated with the ventilation interface 17 of the ventilation shaft 16, and the other end of the extraction tube 8 passes through the dredging hole in the middle of the dredging block 24, passes through the tube length measuring device 27 and the extraction tube length error corrector 36, then passes through the notch at the end part of the base 6, and is communicated with the air inlet device 40 in the monitoring well 4 through the dirt cleaner 7.
The pipe length measuring device 27 comprises a transition wheel 32, a transmission wheel 30, a base plate a, a base plate b, a vertical plate a28, a vertical plate b29, a gear accelerator 31, a modulation wheel, a magnet b33 and two magnetic sensors II. The two magnetosensitive sensors II are a magnetosensitive sensor c34 and a magnetosensitive sensor d35 respectively.
The vertical plate a28 and the vertical plate b29 are vertically arranged on a base plate a which is fixed on the base 6, and a transmission wheel 30 and a transition wheel 32 are arranged between the vertical plate a28 and the vertical plate b 29. A gear accelerator 31 is arranged on the outer side surface of a vertical plate a28, an input shaft of the gear accelerator 31 is connected with a shaft of a transmission wheel 30, a modulation wheel is arranged on an outward extending shaft of an output shaft of the gear accelerator 31, and a magnet b33 is arranged on the modulation wheel. A magnetosensitive sensor c34 and a magnetosensitive sensor d35 are arranged on the bottom plate a side by side, the magnetosensitive sensors c34 and d35 are positioned at the running track of the magnet b33 when the modulation wheel rotates, and gaps are reserved between the magnetosensitive sensors c34 and d35 and the magnet b 33. The groove bottom width of the transition wheel 32 is equal to the outer diameter of the exhaust pipe 8, and the two inner groove walls of the transition wheel 32 are straight surfaces. When the air inlet device 40 descends, the air exhaust pipe disc 13 discharges the air exhaust pipe 8, the driving wheel 30 rotates clockwise, the magnet b33 on the modulation wheel approaches the magnetic sensor c34 firstly and then approaches the magnetic sensor d35, and the pipe length measuring device 27 outputs a signal for increasing the length count of the air exhaust pipe 8; when the air inlet device 40 ascends, the air exhaust pipe disc 13 recovers the air exhaust pipe 8, the driving wheel 30 rotates anticlockwise, the magnet b33 on the modulation wheel firstly approaches the magnetic sensor d35 and then approaches the magnetic sensor c34, the air exhaust pipe length sensor 27 outputs a signal for reducing the length count of the air exhaust pipe 8, and the length of the air exhaust pipe which is placed or recovered is obtained according to the number of turns of rotation of the modulation wheel and is recorded and displayed by the monitoring cabinet.
The length error corrector 36 of the exhaust pipe comprises a magnetic sensor III and a plurality of magnetic film rings 9; the magnetic film rings 9 are arranged on the air exhaust pipe 8 at equal intervals, the length from the bottom end of the air inlet device 40, namely the bottom end of the floater plug 44 to the magnetic film ring 9 at the bottommost part of the air exhaust pipe 8 is equal to the interval length between the adjacent magnetic film rings 9 on the air exhaust pipe 8, the magnetic sensor III is a magnetic sensor e39, the magnetic sensor e39 is arranged on the bottom plate b, and a gap is reserved between the magnetic film ring 9 and the magnetic sensor e 39. The length of the air exhaust pipe 8 which is put down or recovered is obtained according to the number of the magnetic film rings 9 and the interval length which are sensed by the magnetic sensor e39, and when the magnetic sensor e39 senses the magnetic film rings 9, data of the length count of the air exhaust pipe 8 on the display screen of the carbon dioxide monitoring cabinet 47 is corrected once.
The bottom plate b is arranged at the wellhead of the monitoring well, the pulley 38 is further arranged on the bottom plate b, and the exhaust pipe 8 passes through the dredging block 24 of the pipe dredging device, the transition wheel 32 of the pipe length measuring device 27 and the transmission wheel 30 and then enters the monitoring well 4 through the pulley 38.
As shown in fig. 4, the air intake device 40 includes a housing 41, a slider 46, a connecting rod 45, a water stop ring 42, and a float plug 44; the outer shell 41 is cylindrical, a plurality of equally-spaced vertical raised guide ribs 43 are arranged on the outer wall of the outer shell 41, the air suction pipe 8 is communicated with an interface at the top of the outer shell 41, the bottom of the outer shell 41 is open, a water stop ring 42 is fixedly connected with the open end, and a conical ring hole is formed in the middle of the water stop ring 42.
The upper portion of the float plug 44 is conical, the bottom end of the float plug 44 is arc-shaped, the upper portion of the float plug 44 is fixedly connected with one end of a connecting rod 45, the connecting rod 45 penetrates through a conical ring hole of the water stop ring 42, the float plug 44 is located outside the shell 41, the other end of the connecting rod 45 is fixedly connected with a sliding block 46, the sliding block 46 is located inside the shell 41, a vent hole is formed in the sliding block 46, and the sliding block 46 can vertically move inside the shell 41.
When the air suction pipe 8 is hung on the air inlet device 40 for air suction detection, the float plug 44 falls, the bottom surface of the sliding block 46 is abutted against the top surface of the water stop ring 42, and the gas in the monitoring well 4 enters the air suction pipe 8 through the air vent of the sliding block 46 and the inner cavity of the shell 41 along the gap between the connecting rod 45 and the water stop ring 43; when the air inlet device 40 reaches the bottom of the monitoring well 4 or the underground water surface 2, the float plug 44 rises, the top surface of the float plug 44 is abutted against the water stop ring 42, the gas in the monitoring well 4 is prevented from entering the air inlet device 40, the gas in the monitoring well 4 cannot be pumped by the pumping pipe 8, or the underground water is prevented from entering the pumping pipe 8. At that time, the pressure sensor in the carbon dioxide monitoring cabinet 47 outputs the pressure or negative pressure lower than the normal gas extraction in the extraction pipe 8, and the length of the extraction pipe 8 output by the pipe length measuring device 27 is the bottom depth of the monitoring well 4 or the position of the underground water surface 2 in the monitoring well 4.
As shown in fig. 5, the carbon dioxide monitoring cabinet 47 includes an air extractor 48, an electromagnetic air inlet valve a, an electromagnetic air inlet valve b, an electromagnetic air outlet valve, a pressure sensor, a control panel, and a plurality of carbon dioxide detection tanks;
the air pump 48 is arranged at the bottom of the carbon dioxide monitoring cabinet 47, the plurality of carbon dioxide detection tanks 50 are vertically arranged on a transverse shelf in the middle of the carbon dioxide monitoring cabinet 47, and the top of each carbon dioxide detection tank 50 is provided with a carbon dioxide sensor 51 and a temperature sensor 52; the top of the carbon dioxide detection tank 50 is communicated with the atmosphere through an electromagnetic air inlet valve a, meanwhile, an electromagnetic air inlet valve b is further mounted on the top of the carbon dioxide detection tank, all the electromagnetic air inlet valves b are communicated with an air inlet port 17 on an air shaft 16 through a pressure sensor and an air supply pipe after being connected in parallel, namely are communicated with the air extraction pipe 8, an electromagnetic air outlet valve is arranged at the bottom of each carbon dioxide detection tank 50, and all the electromagnetic air outlet valves are communicated with the air extractor 48 after being connected in parallel; the cables of the carbon dioxide sensor 51, the temperature sensor 52, the pressure sensor, the microswitch a25, the microswitch b26, the magnetic sensor a19, the magnetic sensor b20, the magnetic sensor c34, the magnetic sensor d35, the magnetic sensor e39, the electromagnetic air inlet valve a, the electromagnetic air inlet valve b, the electromagnetic air outlet valve, the motor 12, the stepping motor 21 and the air extractor 48 are connected with the control panel 53 of the carbon dioxide monitoring cabinet 47.
The detection and early warning method comprises the following steps:
(1) in the monitoring area of the carbon dioxide stored in the oil and gas field exploitation layer 3, drilling or using the oil and gas well which does not produce oil and gas as the monitoring well 4, installing the carbon dioxide monitor 5 of the carbon dioxide monitoring and early warning device at the wellhead of each monitoring well 4, and installing the carbon dioxide monitoring cabinet 47 of the carbon dioxide monitoring and early warning device on the ground 1 beside each carbon dioxide monitor 5.
(2) A gap at the front end of a base 6 of a carbon dioxide monitor 5 is aligned with the center of a wellhead of a monitoring well 4, and the base 6 is horizontally arranged. The exhaust pipe 8 is discharged from the exhaust pipe disc 13, the exhaust pipe 8 passes through the dredging hole of the dredging block 24, the transition wheel 32 wound on the pipe length measuring device 27, the transmission wheel 30 and the pulley 38 and is communicated with the interface at the top end of the air inlet device 40, and then the air inlet device 40 is placed into the monitoring well 4 through the gap at the front end of the base 6 and the dirt cleaner 7.
(3) Cables of the magnetic sensor a19, the magnetic sensor b20, the magnetic sensor c34, the magnetic sensor d35, the magnetic sensor e39, the microswitch a25, the microswitch b26, the pressure sensor, the electromagnetic air inlet valve a, the electromagnetic air inlet valve b, the electromagnetic air outlet valve, the stepping motor 21, the motor 12 and the air extractor 48 are connected with the carbon dioxide monitoring cabinet 47. And (3) turning on the power supply of the carbon dioxide monitoring cabinet 47, operating the control panel 53 of the carbon dioxide monitoring cabinet 47 to open all the electromagnetic air inlet valves a, the electromagnetic air inlet valves b and the electromagnetic air outlet valves, starting the air extractor 48 to replace the air in all the carbon dioxide detection tanks 50 and the air extraction pipe 8 with fresh air, and then turning off all the electromagnetic air inlet valves a, the electromagnetic air inlet valves b, the electromagnetic air outlet valves and the air extractor 48 to stop.
(4) The monitoring height and the carbon dioxide concentration alarm value in the monitoring well 4 are input on the control panel 53 of the carbon dioxide monitoring cabinet 47, and the control panel 53 is operated to monitor the carbon dioxide concentration and the temperature. Starting the motor 12, rotating the exhaust pipe disc 13 counterclockwise to discharge the exhaust pipe 8, descending the air inlet device 40 in the monitoring well 4, enabling the magnet b33 on the modulation wheel to approach the magnetic sensor c34 firstly and then approach the magnetic sensor d35, and outputting a signal for increasing the length count of the exhaust pipe 8 by the pipe length measuring device 27; the air inlet device 40 continues to descend in the monitoring well 4, and when the magnetic film ring 9 on the exhaust pipe 8 passes through the magnetic sensor e39, data of the length count of the exhaust pipe 8 on the display screen of the carbon dioxide monitoring cabinet 47 is corrected once.
(5) The air inlet device 40 is lowered to the height of the 1 st carbon dioxide concentration and temperature monitoring, the control panel 53 automatically opens the electromagnetic air inlet valve b and the electromagnetic air outlet valve of the 1 st carbon dioxide detection tank 50, the air extractor 48 is started to extract air, the air in the 1 st monitoring height monitoring well 4 is extracted into the 1 st carbon dioxide detection tank 50, then the electromagnetic air inlet valve b and the electromagnetic air outlet valve of the 1 st carbon dioxide detection tank 50 are closed to test the carbon dioxide concentration and temperature, and the test data are transmitted to the display screen of the carbon dioxide detection cabinet 47 for display in real time; the air inlet device 40 descends to the height of the 2 nd carbon dioxide concentration and temperature monitoring, and the control panel 53 automatically opens the electromagnetic air inlet valve b and the electromagnetic air outlet valve … … of the 2 nd carbon dioxide detection tank 50; by analogy, the carbon dioxide concentration and the temperature of all the designed monitoring heights in the monitoring well 4 are tested. When the concentration and the temperature of the carbon dioxide are found to exceed specified values in the test, the display screen of the carbon dioxide detection cabinet 47 immediately displays and alarms.
In the monitoring process, if the air inlet device 40 contacts the bottom of the monitoring well 4 or the underground water surface 2, the float plug 44 rises, the top surface of the float plug 44 is abutted against the water stop ring 42, the gas in the monitoring well 4 is prevented from entering the air inlet device 40, the gas in the monitoring well 4 cannot be pumped out by the pumping pipe 8, and the pressure or the negative pressure lower than the normal pumped gas in the pumping pipe 8 is output by the pressure sensor to be displayed on a display screen of the carbon dioxide detection cabinet 47. Then, the pipe length measuring device 27 outputs the data of the bottom depth of the monitoring well 4 or the position of the underground water surface 2 in the monitoring well 4; the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 52 is displayed by the display screen.
(6) After the monitoring is finished, the air inlet device 40 is hung to the wellhead of the monitoring well 4, all the electromagnetic air inlet valves a, the electromagnetic air inlet valves b and the electromagnetic air outlet valves are opened, the air pump 48 is started to replace all the carbon dioxide detection tanks 50 and the air extraction pipes 8 with fresh air, and then the power supply of the carbon dioxide monitoring cabinet 47 is closed, so that the carbon dioxide monitoring and early warning device is used.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A detection and early warning device for storing carbon dioxide in an oil and gas field exploitation layer is characterized by comprising a retraction device, a pipe length measuring device, an exhaust pipe, an air inlet device, a carbon dioxide sensor, a temperature sensor, a monitoring cabinet and an exhaust pipe length error corrector;
the length error corrector of the exhaust pipe comprises a magnetic sensor III and a plurality of magnetic film rings, the magnetic film rings are arranged on the exhaust pipe at equal intervals, the magnetic sensor III is arranged at the wellhead of the monitoring well, the length of the exhaust pipe which is placed or recovered is obtained according to the number of the magnetic film rings and the interval distance which are induced by the magnetic sensor III, and the length of the exhaust pipe measured by the pipe length measuring device is corrected;
the winding and unwinding device and the pipe length measuring device are both arranged on a wellhead of the monitoring well, the winding and unwinding device is communicated with the exhaust pipe, and the end part of the exhaust pipe is communicated with the air inlet device; the monitoring cabinet is arranged on the ground beside the monitoring well, the carbon dioxide sensor and the temperature sensor are arranged on the monitoring cabinet, and the winding and unwinding device and the pipe length measuring device are electrically connected with the monitoring cabinet;
during detection, the winding and unwinding device drives the exhaust pipe and the air inlet device to enter a monitoring well, and meanwhile, the length of the exhaust pipe is obtained by the pipe length measuring device and is displayed by the monitoring cabinet; the exhaust pipe extracts carbon dioxide at a height to be monitored, the concentration is detected through the carbon dioxide sensor, the temperature is detected through the temperature sensor, the concentration and the temperature are displayed by the monitoring cabinet, and the monitoring cabinet gives an early warning when a set threshold value is exceeded;
when the air inlet reaches the bottom of the monitoring well or the ground level, the air inlet is closed.
2. The device for detecting and warning carbon dioxide stored in an oil and gas field exploitation layer according to claim 1, wherein the deploying and retracting device comprises an air pumping pipe disc, a support, two magnetic sensors I, a magnet I, a pipe dredging device, a speed reducer and a motor;
the air exhaust pipe disc is arranged on the support, a main shaft of the motor is connected with an input shaft of the speed reducer, and an output shaft of the speed reducer drives the air exhaust pipe disc to rotate; the magnet I is fixed on the exhaust pipe disc, the two magnetic sensors I are arranged on the support side by side and located at the running track of the magnet I when the exhaust pipe disc rotates, and a gap is reserved between the two magnetic sensors I and the magnet I; the pipe dredging device is installed on the support, the exhaust pipe is wound on the exhaust pipe disc, the descending and recovery states of the exhaust pipe are judged according to the sequence of the I signals of the two magnetic sensors I for detecting the magnet, and meanwhile, the pipe dredging device synchronously acts according to the signals detected by the magnetic sensors I to enable the exhaust pipe to be regularly arranged.
3. The device for detecting and warning carbon dioxide stored in an oil and gas field exploitation layer according to claim 2, wherein the pipe dredger comprises a stepping motor, a dredging guide block, a slide rod, a screw shaft, a micro switch a and a micro switch b;
the two ends of the sliding rod and the screw shaft are supported on the bracket, and the sliding rod is parallel to the screw shaft; the dredging block is sleeved on the sliding rod and is in threaded fit with the screw shaft, and the exhaust pipe penetrates through the dredging block and then is wound on the exhaust pipe disc; the stepping motor is arranged on the outer side surface of the bracket, and a main shaft of the stepping motor is fixedly connected with the screw shaft; the micro switch a and the micro switch b are respectively arranged on the inner wall surfaces of two sides of the bracket fixedly connected with the screw shaft, and the stepping motor drives the screw shaft to rotate forward and backward to drive the dredging block to move back and forth along the sliding rod so as to respectively trigger the micro switch a and the micro switch b.
4. The device for detecting and warning carbon dioxide stored in an oil and gas field exploitation layer according to claim 2, wherein the pipe length measuring device comprises a transmission wheel, a gear accelerator, a transition wheel, a magnet II, a mounting rack, a bottom plate and two magnetic sensors II;
the driving wheel and the transition wheel are arranged on the mounting frame, and the exhaust tube drives the driving wheel and the transition wheel; an input shaft of the gear accelerator is connected with a shaft of the transmission wheel, an outward extending shaft of an output shaft of the gear accelerator is provided with a modulation wheel, and the modulation wheel is provided with a magnet II; the two magnetic sensors II are arranged on the bottom plate side by side and are positioned at the running track of the magnet II when the modulation wheel rotates, and a gap is reserved between the two magnetic sensors II and the magnet II; and (4) according to the sequence of the two magnetic sensors II for detecting the signals of the magnet II and the number of turns of the modulation wheel, obtaining the length of the released or recovered exhaust pipe, and recording and displaying the length by the monitoring cabinet.
5. The device for detecting and warning carbon dioxide stored in an oil and gas field exploitation layer according to claim 1, wherein the air intake device comprises a shell, a slide block, a connecting rod, a water stop ring and a float plug;
the top of the shell is communicated with the exhaust pipe, the bottom of the shell is open, the open end is fixedly connected with a water stop ring, and a conical ring hole is formed in the middle of the water stop ring;
the upper part of the float plug is conical and is fixedly connected with one end of a connecting rod, the connecting rod penetrates through a conical ring hole of the water stop ring, the float plug is positioned outside the shell, the other end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with a sliding block, the sliding block is positioned in the shell, and the sliding block is provided with an air vent;
when the air suction pipe is suspended on the air inlet device for air suction detection, the float plug falls, the bottom surface of the sliding block is abutted against the top surface of the water stop ring, and gas in the monitoring well enters the air suction pipe through the air vent of the sliding block and the inner cavity of the shell along the gap between the connecting rod and the water stop ring; when the air inlet device reaches the bottom of the monitoring well or the ground surface, the floater plug rises, and the conical surface of the floater plug abuts against the inner wall of the conical ring hole of the water stop ring to prevent the gas in the monitoring well from entering the air inlet device.
6. The device for detecting and warning carbon dioxide stored in an oil and gas field exploitation stratum according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring cabinet comprises an air extractor, an electromagnetic air inlet valve a, an electromagnetic air inlet valve b, an electromagnetic air outlet valve, a pressure sensor, a control panel and a plurality of detection tanks;
the air extractor is installed at the bottom of the monitoring cabinet, the plurality of detection tanks are vertically placed on a transverse shelf in the middle of the monitoring cabinet, and a carbon dioxide sensor and a temperature sensor are arranged at the top of each detection tank; the top of the detection tank is communicated with the atmosphere through an electromagnetic air inlet valve a, the top of the detection tank is also provided with an electromagnetic air inlet valve b, all the electromagnetic air inlet valves b are communicated with an air exhaust pipe through a pressure sensor after being connected in parallel, the bottom of each detection tank is provided with an electromagnetic air outlet valve, and all the electromagnetic air outlet valves are communicated with an air extractor after being connected in parallel; the winding and unwinding device, the pipe length measuring device, the air extractor, the carbon dioxide sensor and the temperature sensor are all electrically connected with the control panel.
7. A method for detecting and early warning carbon dioxide stored in an oil and gas field exploitation stratum, which is characterized in that the device for detecting and early warning carbon dioxide stored in the oil and gas field exploitation stratum as claimed in claim 1 is adopted, and the method comprises the following steps:
step one, mounting the detection and early warning device on a wellhead of a monitoring well, and placing an air inlet device in the wellhead of the monitoring well;
opening all the electromagnetic air inlet valves a, the electromagnetic air inlet valves b and the electromagnetic air outlet valves, starting an air extractor to replace air in all the detection tanks and the air extraction pipes, and then closing all the electromagnetic air inlet valves a, the electromagnetic air inlet valves b, the electromagnetic air outlet valves and the air extractor;
inputting the monitoring height in the monitoring well and the corresponding carbon dioxide concentration threshold value on a control panel, starting a retracting device to drive an exhaust pipe and an air inlet device to descend in the monitoring well, and simultaneously obtaining the length of the exhaust pipe by a pipe length measuring device and displaying the length on a display screen of a monitoring cabinet;
step four, the air inlet device is lowered to the height of the 1 st monitoring carbon dioxide concentration and temperature, the control panel automatically opens the electromagnetic air inlet valve b and the electromagnetic air outlet valve of the 1 st detection tank, the air extractor is started to extract air, air in the 1 st monitoring height monitoring well is pumped into the 1 st detection tank, then the electromagnetic air inlet valve b and the electromagnetic air outlet valve of the 1 st detection tank are closed to test the carbon dioxide concentration and temperature, and test data are transmitted to the display screen of the monitoring cabinet in real time to be displayed; the air inlet device is lowered to the height of the 2 nd monitoring carbon dioxide concentration and temperature, the control panel automatically opens the electromagnetic air inlet valve b and the electromagnetic air outlet valve of the 2 nd detection tank until the carbon dioxide concentrations and temperatures of all the set monitoring heights in the monitoring well are detected, and if the carbon dioxide concentrations and temperatures exceed the set threshold values, the monitoring cabinet gives an early warning;
when the air inlet reaches the bottom of the monitoring well or the ground surface, the air inlet is closed, and the display screen of the monitoring cabinet displays the pressure value, the underground depth and the temperature at the position;
and step five, after monitoring is finished, the air inlet device is recovered to a wellhead of the monitoring well by using the retraction device, all the electromagnetic air inlet valves a and b and the electromagnetic air outlet valves are opened, the air pump is started to replace all the detection tanks and the air exhaust pipes with fresh air, and then the monitoring cabinet is closed.
8. The method for detecting and warning carbon dioxide stored in an oil and gas field exploitation layer according to claim 7, wherein the method for measuring the length of the extraction pipe comprises the following steps: the pipe length measuring device in the device for detecting and early warning the carbon dioxide stored in the oil and gas field exploitation layer according to claim 4 is adopted, the descending and recovery states of the exhaust pipe are judged according to the sequence of the two magnetic sensors II for detecting the signals of the magnet II, and the length of the descending or recovered exhaust pipe is obtained according to the number of turns of the modulation wheel.
9. The method of detecting and warning of carbon dioxide stored in an oil and gas field producing formation as claimed in claim 8, wherein the method of measuring the length of the extraction pipe further comprises: when the magnetic film ring is sensed by the magnetic sensor III, the length of the exhaust tube on the display screen of the monitoring cabinet is corrected once.
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