CN111927324A

CN111927324A - Squeezing and expanding drilling tool, squeezing and expanding pile machine and squeezing and expanding pile forming construction method

Info

Publication number: CN111927324A
Application number: CN202010970957.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曹少东; 于正礼; 于建池
Original assignee: Weihai Haitai Hoisting Machinery Co ltd
Current assignee: Weihai Haitai Hoisting Machinery Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-09-16
Filing date: 2020-09-16
Publication date: 2020-11-13

Abstract

The invention discloses an extrusion-expansion drilling tool, an extrusion-expansion pile machine and an extrusion-expansion pile-forming construction method, which comprises a drill bit, an extrusion-expansion body, a connecting rod and a pin shaft, and is characterized in that the extrusion-expansion body consists of a cylindrical retainer and a special-shaped thread extrusion-expansion body, the special-shaped thread extrusion-expansion body comprises a core pipe, blades and an Archimedes spiral surface, the upper end of the core pipe is fixedly connected with the lower end of the connecting rod through an extrusion-expansion upper joint and the pin shaft arranged on the upper end of the core pipe, the lower end of the core pipe is fixedly connected with the drill bit, the cylindrical retainer is connected with the upper part of the core pipe; the invention relates to an extrusion-expansion pile machine, which comprises an extrusion-expansion drilling tool and a pile-forming construction method, wherein the extrusion-expansion pile machine utilizes the pile-forming construction method of an Archimedes spiral surface which is gradually enlarged in the synchronous drilling process to realize in-situ extrusion-expansion so that a soil body is not sheared and is not conveyed upwards.

Description

Squeezing and expanding drilling tool, squeezing and expanding pile machine and squeezing and expanding pile forming construction method

Technical Field

The invention relates to foundation construction equipment, in particular to an extruding and expanding drilling tool, an extruding and expanding pile machine and an extruding and expanding pile construction method.

Background

In the field of foundation engineering, the spiral drilling machine plays a great role in modern pile foundation construction. Especially, the PLC controlled variable frequency pile machine can complete the foundation construction of cast-in-situ bored piles, threaded piles, screw piles, continuous walls, extruded piles, soft foundation treatment and the like according to different requirements of the foundation construction. The existing pile expanding construction method and drilling tool patent technology are infinite. The application is more, and the comparison is typical:

1 a bidirectional screw extruding-expanding pile construction method and a bidirectional screw closed extruding-expanding drill bit with patent number CN200710063983.3,

2 patent No. CN 201714304U-extendable bidirectional screw extrusion drill bit,

3 patent No. CN 201020133115.5-bidirectional spiral extruding and expanding drill bit with soil guide groove,

4 patent No. CN200710051598.7 rotary extrusion cast-in-place pile and a pile forming method thereof,

the four patents respectively describe a bidirectional spiral extruding and expanding pile construction method and a bidirectional spiral closed extruding and expanding drill bit; a lengthened bidirectional spiral extruding and expanding drill bit; a bidirectional spiral extrusion-expansion drill bit with a soil guide groove, a rotary extrusion cast-in-place pile and a pile-forming construction method thereof.

The above patents suffer from the following drawbacks and problems, which are now separately described:

1. CN200710063983.3 bidirectional screw extruding-expanding pile construction method and bidirectional screw closed extruding-expanding drill bit,

the construction method comprises the following steps:

starting a piling drilling machine to apply clockwise torque and downward axial pressure, drilling, extruding and expanding to form a hole by using a bidirectional spiral closed extruding and expanding drill bit, wherein in the downward rotary drilling, extruding and expanding to form a hole, the soil body drilled out by the rotary drilling can do spiral motion from bottom to top and is gradually extruded into the side wall of the pile hole, so that the diameter of the extruded and expanded pile hole meets the design requirement, and the mechanical extruding and expanding process of the pile hole continues until the pile hole reaches the design depth;

the method is insufficient:

the soil body that is bored out by the rotary drilling is done spiral motion from bottom to top and is progressively crowded into stake hole lateral wall, and whole drilling tool can produce very big resistance: resistance 1: the soil body drilled out by the rotary drilling is to cut off the soil body which is adhered together, and the shearing resistance moving from bottom to top is formed. Resistance 2: the soil body moves from bottom to top and generates friction with the drill rod to form friction resistance, the soil body and the soil body are stirred mutually to form friction resistance, and the soil body is lifted to generate gravity resistance. Resistance 3: the soil body is gradually squeezed into the squeezing resistance of the side wall of the pile hole. The soil body is rotated out by adopting a spiral conveying principle and is conveyed into the extruding and expanding body in a spiral propelling movement, the plugging and the extrusion of the extruding and expanding body at the upper part of the bidirectional spiral closed extruding and expanding drill bit are realized, the soil body at the lower part moves upwards and is extruded to form a local compact soil body, so that the resistance is increased, when the resistance is equal to the spiral lifting force of the soil body, a balance state is reached, the soil extruding effect tends to zero, and the extruding and expanding cannot be realized. And the superposition of a plurality of resistances consumes a great deal of energy, which is an inherent defect of using the principle of spiral motion.

A squeezing and expanding drill bit comprises:

the bidirectional spiral closed squeezing and expanding drill bit comprises a hollow connecting rod, a connecting flange disc is arranged at the top end of the connecting rod, a drill point is arranged at the bottom end of the connecting rod, a lower spiral squeezing and expanding body, a closed squeezing and expanding body and a dynamic sealing squeezing and expanding body are sequentially coaxially sleeved or integrally manufactured from bottom to top at the lower part of the connecting rod, the dynamic sealing squeezing and expanding body is a circular table body with a gradually reduced cross section from bottom to top, a left-handed dynamic sealing spiral squeezing and expanding blade is arranged on the outer side wall of the dynamic sealing squeezing and expanding body, the closed squeezing and expanding body is a cylinder, the lower spiral squeezing and expanding body is a circular table body with a gradually increased cross section from bottom to top, and a right-handed lower spiral squeezing and expanding blade is arranged on the outer side wall of the lower spiral squeezing and expanding body.

The extrusion and expansion drill bit is insufficient:

the lower spiral extruding-expanding body, the closed extruding-expanding body and the dynamic seal extruding-expanding body are integrally manufactured, and the lower spiral extruding-expanding body, the closed extruding-expanding body and the dynamic seal extruding-expanding body are huge in structure, inconvenient to replace and maintain and high in replacement cost. The dynamic sealing extruding and expanding body is a circular table body with a gradually-reduced cross section from bottom to top, and the spiral extruding and expanding body is a circular table body structure with a gradually-increased cross section from bottom to top, so that the upper circular table generates upward thrust to a downward soil body, and the lower circular table generates downward thrust to an upward soil body. The soil body is cut off and pushed upwards under the action of helical blades (or threads), and the helical extruding and expanding body is formed by that an upper large platform body and a lower small platform body generate a hole wall pushing force and a downward pushing force on the upward soil body, the downward pushing force obstructs the downward movement of the drilling tool, and the drilling tool needs to be pressed by the self gravity of the drilling tool and the pile machine when going downward. Because the extruding and expanding body adopts the round platform structure, the section of the extruding and expanding body on the cross section vertical to the axial lead of the drilling tool is round, the extruding and expanding body of the round platform structure has no extruding and expanding effect when the drilling tool does the rotary motion, and only when the drilling tool goes down, the inclined plane of the extruding and expanding body of the round platform structure generates extruding and expanding component force towards the hole side and the hole bottom, thereby achieving the extruding and expanding effect. The force of extruding and expanding to the bottom of the hole makes the soil under the extruding and expanding body more compact and the drilling resistance is larger and larger, so the structure has large resistance, large power consumption and low soil extruding efficiency, which is the inherent defect of the circular truncated cone structure.

2. CN 201714304U-extendable bidirectional helical reamer,

the substantive deficiency of the drill bit structure is as follows:

the patent is based on a patent ' CN200710063983.3 bidirectional spiral extruding-expanding pile construction method and bidirectional spiral closed extruding-expanding drill bit ', the two-way spiral extruding-expanding pile construction method and the two-way spiral closed extruding-expanding drill bit ' are connected after being segmented, the lower part of an extruding-expanding body can be arbitrarily lengthened, and the resistance is reduced by reducing the extruding-expanding amount so that the drilling depth is increased. The structure of the extruding and expanding body is not substantially changed, the defects of the CN200710063983.3 bidirectional spiral extruding and expanding pile construction method and the bidirectional spiral closed extruding and expanding drill bit (1) are overcome, and simultaneously, the soil body of the lengthened spiral drilling body is not extruded and expanded by the extruding and expanding body, and the extruding and expanding effect is reduced.

3. CN201020133115.5 bidirectional spiral squeezing and expanding drill bit with soil guide groove,

it has the following disadvantages:

although the patent also explains the problem of practical use of the bidirectional screw closed squeezing and expanding drill bit (CN 200710063983.3) 'because the bidirectional screw closed squeezing and expanding drill bit is used to squeeze and expand the soil in the original pile hole into the side wall of the pile hole in two directions during drilling and lifting, in the actual drilling construction, it is found that the friction resistance from the side wall of the pile hole to which the drill bit part is subjected is very large, which not only increases the power consumption, but also reduces the drilling efficiency'. However, the scheme adopted by the patent is that the frictional resistance of the drill bit part from the side wall of the pile hole is released through the soil guide groove, so that the drilling power consumption is low, the drilling efficiency is high, the soil squeezing effect is reduced, the squeezing is released in the drilling process, a large amount of power is consumed, and the substantial technical problem of no work is solved. The structure defects of the drill bit parts in the two patents of CN200710063983.3 bidirectional spiral compaction-expansion pile construction method and bidirectional spiral closed compaction-expansion drill bit and CN 201714304U-extendable bidirectional spiral compaction-expansion drill bit are the same.

4. CN200710051598.7 rotary extrusion cast-in-place pile and pile forming construction method thereof

The structure and the pile-forming construction method have the substantial defects that:

the soil body is extruded in the pile length range to form a straight rod nut-shaped soil body, then the drill rod rotates forward in situ asynchronously, no extrusion force is formed at the moment, the nut soil body is sheared, threads forming the nut-shaped soil body are sheared into a cylindrical pile hole, and the nut-shaped soil body in the whole threaded pile hole is sheared in a rotating mode, so that the power requirement of a power head motor is very high, a large amount of power is consumed, the motor is difficult to start, and the motor is easy to burn, block and bury. The nut-shaped soil body between the threads of the drilling tool is not extruded into the side wall, but is cut off and is retained in the thread space of the drilling rod, so that the soil extruding effect is poor, and the soil retained in the thread space of the drilling rod is brought out of the ground, which is the inherent defect of the drilling tool structure and the construction method.

Therefore, the four patents respectively adopt a screw propulsion extrusion soil-squeezing principle, a synchronous self-tapping screw thread rotation soil-squeezing principle and an asynchronous rotation shearing principle, and have the problems of large power consumption of a drilling machine, low construction efficiency, poor soil-squeezing effect, poor pile-forming quality, easy drill jamming, drill burying and the like due to the inherent defects of the structure and the method.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provides a squeezing and expanding drilling tool, a squeezing and expanding pile machine and a squeezing and expanding pile forming construction method which have the advantages of reasonable structure and method, high construction efficiency, low power consumption, good soil squeezing effect, higher pile forming quality, difficult drill clamping and drill burying, and long service life.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:

an extrusion-expansion drilling tool comprises a drill bit (1), an extrusion-expansion body (2), a connecting rod (3) and a pin shaft (4), and is characterized in that the extrusion-expansion body (2) is composed of a cylindrical retainer (2-1) and a special-shaped thread extrusion-expansion body (2-2), the special-shaped thread extrusion-expansion body (2-2) comprises a core pipe (2-2-1), blades (2-2-2) and an Archimedes spiral surface (2-2-3), the upper end of the core pipe (2-2-1) is fixedly connected with the lower end of the connecting rod (3) through an extrusion-expansion upper connector (2-2-4) and the pin shaft (4) which are arranged, the lower end is fixedly connected with the drill bit (1), the cylindrical retainer (2-1) is connected in series with the upper part of the core pipe (2-2-1), and the lower part is spirally wound with equal-pitch blades (2-2-2), the lower end of the cylindrical retainer (2-1) is fixedly connected with the blades (2-2-2), the outer diameter of the cylindrical retainer (2-1) is the same as the diameter of the blades (2-2-2), the Archimedes spiral surface (2-2-3) starts from the position between the two blades at the lower end of the core pipe (2-2-1) and is wound between the two blades in an Archimedes spiral mode along the spiral track of the blades (2-2-2) to form a curved surface called the Archimedes spiral surface (2-2-3) by taking the radius of the core pipe (2-2-1) as the minimum starting polar diameter and the distance between the connecting points of the two adjacent blades (2-2-2) and the generatrix of the core pipe (2-2-1) as the starting width, and the axial generatrix on the Archimedes spiral surface (2-2-3) is level with the axial line of the core pipe (2-2-1) The upper end of the Archimedes spiral surface (2-2-3) is fixedly connected with the lower end face of the upper blade (2-2-2) of the adjacent blade all the time in the winding process, the lower end of the Archimedes spiral surface is fixedly connected with the upper end face of the lower blade (2-2-2) of the adjacent blade all the time, the polar diameter of the Archimedes spiral surface is from small to large until the maximum polar diameter of the Archimedes spiral surface is superposed with the outer diameter of the blade, and the Archimedes spiral surface rotates at least one circle along a spiral track by taking the maximum polar diameter as the radius after being superposed to form a cylindrical holding body (2-1), so that the Archimedes spiral surface (2-2-3) has the cam action when synchronously drilling and rotationally extruding soil, and simultaneously the cylindrical holding body has the functions of keeping the pore diameter and stabilizing the axial line of the drilling tool, the diameter of the connecting rod is not more than the diameter of, the pole diameter of the Archimedes spiral surface (2-2-3) on the rotary descending squeezing and expanding body (2) of the soil body thread drilled by the drill bit (1) is gradually increased in situ, which is equivalent to that the pole diameter of the cam is squeezed into the side wall of the pile hole from small to large in situ, so that the pile forming quality is obviously improved, and finally, when the cylindrical retaining body (2-1) on the squeezing and expanding drilling tool reaches the original position of the soil body, the diameter of the pile hole is further kept to meet the construction requirement, and because the diameter of the connecting rod is not larger than that of the cylindrical retaining body, the resistance of the squeezing and expanding drilling tool is further reduced in the rotary drilling process, and the squeezing and expanding drilling tool is sequentially and gradually drilled to the designed depth of the.

According to the invention, an upper connector plug (1-1) is arranged at the upper end of the drill bit (1), a lower connector (2-2-5) is arranged at the lower end of the core pipe (2-2-1) of the special-shaped thread extruding-expanding body (2-2), and the upper connector plug (1-1) is fixedly connected with the lower connector (2-2-5) of the core pipe (2-2-1) through a pin shaft (4), so that the effects of expanding the construction capacity and facilitating maintenance are achieved.

According to the invention, a drill bit core pipe (1-2) can be arranged between the drill bit (1) and the upper connector plug (1-1), drill bit blades (1-3) are wound on the drill bit core pipe (1-2) in a threaded manner, the outer diameter, the thickness and the lead of the drill bit blades (1-3) and the blades (2-2-2) on the extruding and expanding body (2) are the same, and the connecting parts are butted to form a coherent blade (2-2-2) with equal pitch, so that synchronous drilling and extruding and expanding are achieved, the soil extruding resistance is reduced, the length of the drill bit is increased, the requirement of a screw pile is met, and the drill bit can be used for extruding and expanding screw pile hole construction.

The outer walls of the cylindrical squeezing body and the blades of the squeezing body are provided with first ventilation grooves (15), the first ventilation grooves (15) are axially arranged, and at least 2 first ventilation grooves (15) are arrayed along the outer circumference of the squeezing body, so that the effect of discharging compressed gas sent to the bottom in the drilling process is facilitated.

The connecting rod (3) can be a polished rod, a long spiral drill rod and a threaded drill rod, so that the connecting rod can be suitable for different pile machines.

When partial soil layer in the pile hole is loose and soft, and the bottom of the pile hole is required to be a threaded hole, the invention can also coaxially connect an upward extruding-expanding body (22) between the extruding-expanding body (2) and the connecting rod (3), the upward extruding-expanding body (22) mainly comprises an upward core tube (22-2-1), an upward blade (22-2-2), an upward Archimedes spiral surface (22-2-3) and a cylindrical retainer (22-1), the upper end of the upward core tube (22-2-1) is fixedly connected with the connecting rod (3) through a second upper joint and a second upper pin shaft, the lower end of the upward core tube is fixedly connected with the upper joint of the extruding-expanding body (2) through a second lower joint and a second lower pin shaft, the upward core tube (22-2-1) is spirally wound with the upward blade (22-2-2), the lower part of the homodromous core pipe (22-2-1) is connected in series with a homodromous cylindrical retainer (22-1), the outer diameter of the homodromous cylindrical retainer (22-1) is the same as that of the cylindrical retainer (2-1), the homodromous Archimedes spiral surface (22-2-3) takes the radius of the homodromous core pipe (22-2-1) as the minimum starting pole diameter, the distance between the connecting points of the adjacent two homodromous blades (22-2-2) and the generatrix of the homodromous core pipe (22-2-1) as the starting width, a curved surface formed by starting from the position between the first group of two homodromous blades at the upper end of the homodromous core pipe (22-2-1) and winding between the two blades in an Archimedes spiral mode along the spiral track of the homodromous blades (22-2-2) is called a homodromous Arch, an axial bus on the same-direction Archimedes spiral surface (22-2-3) is parallel to the axis of the same-direction core pipe (22-2-1), the upper end of the same-direction Archimedes spiral surface (22-2-3) is always fixedly connected with the lower end surface of an upper blade (22-2-2) of an adjacent same-direction blade in the winding process, the lower end of the same-direction Archimedes spiral surface is always fixedly connected with the upper end surface of a lower blade (22-2-2) of the adjacent blade, the pole diameter of the same-direction Archimedes spiral surface is increased from small to large until the maximum pole diameter of the same-direction Archimedes spiral surface is superposed with the outer diameter of the same-direction blade, and the same-direction Archimedes spiral surface rotates at least one circle along a spiral track by taking the maximum pole diameter as the radius after the superposition to form a same-direction cylindrical retaining body (22-1), so that the same-direction Archimedes spiral surface (22-2-, synchronously stopping rotation and drilling, the control device instructs the winding mechanism and the power head to synchronously rotate reversely and lift the withdrawing thread, at the moment, the bottom of the pile hole forms a threaded hole due to synchronous withdrawing of the helical blade of the squeezing and expanding drilling tool, in the process of withdrawing the screw thread, when the loose soil body part of the side wall of the pile hole extruded and expanded at the upper part of the extruding and expanding body (22) in the same direction falls, under the action of the equidirectional blades (22-2-2) and the equidirectional Archimedes spiral surfaces (22-2-3) on the equidirectional upward extruding and expanding body (22), so that the same-direction Archimedes spiral surface (22-2-3) has a cam function when reversely rotating and extruding soil, and the dropped soil is radially extruded into the side wall of the pile hole again, and the pile hole is shaped and maintained through the same-direction cylindrical retaining body (22-1) and the cylindrical retaining body (2-1) until the squeezing and expanding drilling tool moves upwards and is lifted to the ground surface to form a screw rod pile hole. The resistance of the soil body to the drilling tool is reduced, the soil body falling from the side wall of the pile hole is prevented from falling and being brought out of the ground, and the pile forming quality of the pile hole is obviously improved.

When the bottom of the pile hole is required to be a unthreaded hole, a reverse upward extruding-expanding body (23) can be coaxially connected between the extruding-expanding body (2) and the connecting rod (3), the reverse upward extruding-expanding body (23) mainly comprises a reverse core tube (23-2-1), a reverse blade (23-2-2), a reverse Archimedes spiral surface (23-2-3) and a reverse cylindrical retaining body (23-1), the upper end of the reverse core tube (23-2-1) is fixedly connected with the connecting rod (3) through a third upper joint and a third upper pin shaft, the lower end of the reverse core tube (23-2-1) is fixedly connected with the upper joint at the upper end of the extruding-expanding body (2) through a third lower joint and a third lower pin shaft, the reverse blade (23-2-2) is axially and spirally wound on the reverse core tube (23-2-1), the reverse cylindrical retaining body (23-1) is connected in series with the lower part of the reverse core tube (, the outer diameter of the reverse cylindrical holding body (23-1) is the same as that of the cylindrical holding body (2-1), the reverse Archimedes spiral surface (23-2-3) takes the radius of the reverse core pipe (23-2-1) as the minimum starting polar diameter, the distance between the connecting points of the adjacent two reverse blades (23-2-2) and the bus of the reverse core pipe (23-2-1) is taken as the starting width, a curved surface formed by starting between a first group of two reverse blades at the upper end of the reverse core pipe (23-2-1) and winding between the two blades in an Archimedes spiral mode along the spiral track of the reverse blades (23-2-2) is called as a reverse Archimedes spiral surface (23-2-3), the axial bus on the reverse Archimedes spiral surface (23-2-3) is parallel to the axis of the reverse core pipe (23-2-1), and the upper end of the reverse Archimedes spiral surface (23-2-3) is always fixedly connected with the lower end surface of the upper blade (23-2-2) of the adjacent reverse blade in the winding process, the lower end of the reverse Archimedes spiral surface is always fixedly connected with the upper end surface of the lower blade (23-2-2) of the adjacent reverse blade, the polar diameter of the reverse Archimedes spiral surface is increased from small to large until the maximum polar diameter of the reverse Archimedes spiral surface is superposed with the outer diameter of the same-direction blade, and the reverse Archimedes spiral surface rotates at least one circle along a spiral track by taking the maximum polar diameter as the radius after superposition to form a reverse cylindrical retaining body (23-1), so that the reverse Archimedes spiral surface (23-2-3) has a cam effect when lifting and rotating and extruding soil in the forward direction, after the extruding and expanding reaches a set depth, the control device instructs to stop the drilling head, the drilling tool continues to rotate in the same direction as the drilling, at the moment, after the squeezing and expanding drilling tool rotates for at least one circle, the drilling tool is lifted upwards, the power head continues to rotate in the same direction as the drilling tool, in the process of lifting upwards, when loose soil on the side wall of the pile hole after the upper part of the reverse upper squeezing and expanding body (23) is squeezed and expanded falls, the fallen soil is radially squeezed into the side wall of the pile hole again under the action of a reverse blade (23-2-2) and a reverse Archimedes spiral surface (23-2-3) on the reverse upper squeezing and expanding body (23), and the pile hole is shaped and maintained through a reverse cylindrical maintaining body (23-1) and a cylindrical maintaining body (2-1) until the squeezing and expanding drilling tool moves upwards to the ground surface to form a squeezing and expanding pile unthreaded hole, so that the squeezing and expanding rate is improved, the resistance of the soil to the drilling tool is reduced, and the pile hole forming quality is obviously improved.

According to the invention, the two ventilation grooves (16) are arranged on the outer walls of the equidirectional cylindrical extruding and expanding body and the equidirectional blades of the equidirectional extruding and expanding body, the two ventilation grooves (16) are axially arranged, and the two ventilation grooves (16) are butted with the first ventilation groove to form the same air outlet groove, so that air is discharged along the first ventilation groove (15) and the second ventilation groove (16).

According to the invention, the outer walls of the reverse cylindrical squeezing body and the reverse blades of the reverse squeezing body are provided with the third ventilation grooves (17), the third ventilation grooves (17) are axially arranged, and the third ventilation grooves (17) and the first ventilation grooves (15) are butted to form the same air outlet groove, so that air is discharged along the first ventilation grooves (15) and the third ventilation grooves (17).

When the threaded hole needs to be lengthened, the drill bit (1) can be replaced, or a threaded drill rod section (31) which has the same thread pitch and forms an integral thread is added between the lower joint of a core tube (2-2-1) of the extruding and expanding drilling tool and the drill bit (1), the shape and the diameter of the core tube of the threaded drill rod section (31) are the same as those of the drill bit core tube on the drill bit, the outer diameter, the thickness and the lead of a helical blade on the threaded drill rod section (31) are the same as those of a drill bit blade (1-3) on the drill bit, after connection, a blade on the threaded drill rod section (31) is butted with a special-shaped threaded extruding and expanding body and the drill bit to form a coherent blade (2-2-2), a ventilation groove III arranged on the outer wall of the blade of the threaded drill rod section (31) is butted with a ventilation groove I and a ventilation groove II to form a same ventilation, or the requirement of the screw pile is met to form the extruding and expanding screw pile hole.

In the synchronous drilling process, the gradually increased Archimedes spiral surface (2-2-3) is utilized to extrude and expand in situ, so that the soil body is not sheared and conveyed upwards, and the circular truncated cone body is not adopted to extrude to generate upward resistance and radially extrude in situ, so that the resistance applied to the drilling tool by the drilling tool in the drilling process is greatly reduced, and the substantial technical problems that the section of the extruding and expanding body of the circular truncated cone structure is circular on the cross section vertical to the axial lead of the drilling tool, the extruding and expanding body of the circular truncated cone structure does not have the extruding and expanding effect when the drilling tool rotates, the inclined plane of the circular truncated cone body generates component force to extrude the soil body downwards to cause the lower soil body to be compact, the resistance is large, the drilling tool is difficult to drill downwards and the extruding and expanding efficiency is low; meanwhile, the substantial defect that a large amount of power is consumed because the helical blades rotate the soil out and then reversely do helical propelling movement to be sent into the extruding and expanding body is overcome; the substantial defects of a large amount of power consumed by extruding the soil body by the pile length range to form the straight rod nut-shaped soil body and then extruding the nut soil body by the drill rod through in-situ asynchronous forward rotation are overcome.

The utility model provides an crowded expanding pile machine, includes pile frame (5) and unit head (6), is equipped with stand (7), bracing (11), platform (12), chassis (13), counter weight (19), assembly pulley (14) and running gear (15), hoist mechanism (8), rotation mechanism (9), hydraulic system on pile frame (5), operation panel and controlling means, stand (7), bracing (11), platform (12), chassis (13), counter weight (19), assembly pulley (14), running gear (15), unit head (6), hoist mechanism (8), rotation mechanism (9), hydraulic system, power, operation panel and controlling means's relation of connection is prior art, and this is not repeated, its characterized in that still includes as above in arbitrary one crowded expanding drilling tool.

A pile-forming construction method for an extruded and expanded pile is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) the pile extruding and expanding machine is in place,

a squeezing and expanding drilling tool consisting of a connecting rod (3), a squeezing and expanding body (2), a drilling bit (1) and a pin shaft (4) is fixed at the lower joint of the power head of the squeezing and expanding pile;

2) synchronous drilling, drilling the front soil into a soil threaded hole, extruding and expanding the rear soil into a unthreaded hole in situ,

after the pile extruding and expanding machine is installed in place, the control device simultaneously starts the power head (6) and the hoisting mechanism (8) to start synchronous drilling, namely, when the power head (6) rotates for one circle, the hoisting mechanism (8) lowers the power head (6) and the extrusion and expansion drilling tool to move downwards for synchronous drilling with a lead, in the synchronous drilling process of the squeezing and expanding drilling tool, a drill bit (1) part of the squeezing and expanding drilling tool drills a soil body into a threaded hole, the special-shaped thread extruding and expanding body (2-2) of the extruding and expanding drilling tool gradually extrudes the thread formed by soil mass into the side wall of the pile hole in the synchronous drilling process by the Archimedes spiral surface (2-2-3) on the special-shaped thread extruding and expanding body (2-2) which rotates downwards in situ, the cylindrical retainer (2-1) on the special-shaped thread extruding-expanding body (2-2) continuously keeps the formed pile hole to meet the construction requirement; in the synchronous drilling process, the polar diameter of the Archimedes spiral surface (2-2-3) on the extruding and expanding body (2) is gradually increased, which is equivalent to that the polar diameter of the cam extrudes soil into the side wall of the pile hole from small to large in situ, so that the resistance of the power head (6) is only the resistance generated by the friction between the extruding and expanding body and the soil on the wall of the pile hole and the extrusion to the wall of the pile hole, the resistance generated by conveying the soil after the soil is not sheared, the construction resistance is reduced, the construction efficiency is greatly improved, the effects of no drill jamming and no drill burying are simultaneously achieved, and the construction efficiency and the pile forming quality are obviously improved;

repeating the actions in the above way to synchronously drill down until the design depth of the pile hole is reached;

3) the soil body thread at the bottom is cut and then the drill is lifted,

forming a smooth hole of the extruded and expanded pile after lifting and drilling,

when the pile machine continuously drills to the designed depth of a pile hole, the control device controls the hoisting mechanism (8) to stop lowering the squeezing and expanding drilling tool, meanwhile, the power head (6) continuously rotates and applies torque in the same direction to the squeezing and expanding drilling tool when the squeezing and expanding drilling tool drills downwards, so that the squeezing and expanding drilling tool rotates in situ, the bottom soil body threads which are not reached by the cylindrical retainer (2-1) are sheared, and after the squeezing and expanding drilling tool rotates for at least one circle, the control device controls the hoisting mechanism (8) to lift the squeezing and expanding drilling tool of the power head (6) to move upwards until the ground surface;

the construction method has the advantages that an integral threaded hole is not formed during construction, the soil body threaded hole is formed by drilling and extruding in situ of the soil body, the soil body thread is extruded and expanded into a unthreaded hole, only the soil body part which does not reach the cylindrical retainer (2-1) is not extruded and expanded after the soil body is drilled to the designed depth, and the soil body is sheared at the moment, so that shearing torque is greatly reduced, the construction efficiency is improved, compared with the prior art, the construction method greatly reduces energy consumption and carbon emission, and is a green, energy-saving, environment-friendly and efficient construction method.

4) Pile-forming

Starting a concrete pump when the squeezing and expanding drilling tool starts to lift upwards, and pouring concrete into the pile hole to a designed elevation to form a concrete pile;

or, after the squeezing and expanding drilling tool moves upwards and is lifted to the ground surface, a reinforcement cage and a grouting pipe are arranged, and grouting is carried out to form a pile; or, after the squeezing and expanding drilling tool moves upwards and is lifted to the ground surface, the filling material is filled into the hole, and the pile is tamped and expanded.

When the construction that the bottom of the pile hole is the unthreaded hole in the step 3) is carried out, a reverse upward extruding and expanding body (23) is coaxially connected between the extruding and expanding body (2) and the connecting rod (3), the extruding and expanding drilling tool keeps the rotating direction of the downward drilling to continue rotating in the upward lifting process, when the loose soil body part of the extruded and expanded pile hole side wall falls down, the falling soil body is radially extruded into the pile hole side wall again under the action of a reverse blade (23-2-2) and a reverse Archimedes spiral surface (23-2-3) on the reverse upward extruding and expanding body (23), the pile hole is shaped and maintained through the reverse cylindrical retaining body (23-1) and the cylindrical retaining body (2-1) until the extruding and expanding body moves upwards to the ground surface to form the extruding and expanding pile drilling tool unthreaded hole, because the reverse upward extruding and expanding body (23) adopts a cam structure with the Archimedes spiral surface, the soil is radially squeezed, upward thrust is not generated on the soil body, the soil body is not extruded by the circular truncated cone by conveying the soil body downwards, space is extruded for the soil body falling downwards, the falling soil body is continuously squeezed and expanded by the reverse upward squeezing and expanding body (23) upwards, and a good squeezing and expanding effect is achieved. The resistance of the soil body to the drilling tool is reduced, the soil body falling from the side wall of the pile hole is prevented from falling and being brought out of the ground, and the squeezing and expanding efficiency and the pile forming quality are obviously improved.

1) the pile extruding and expanding machine is in place,

the lower joint of the power head of the pile extruding and expanding is sequentially connected with an extruding and expanding drilling tool formed by a connecting rod (3), an extruding and expanding body (2), a drill bit (1) and a pin shaft (4);

2) synchronously drilling the front soil body into a soil body threaded hole, extruding and expanding the rear soil body threaded hole into a unthreaded hole in situ,

after the pile extruding and expanding machine is installed in place, the control device simultaneously starts the power head (6) and the hoisting mechanism (8) to start synchronous drilling, namely, when the power head (6) rotates for one circle, the hoisting mechanism (8) lowers the power head (6) and the extrusion and expansion drilling tool to move downwards for synchronous drilling with a lead, in the synchronous drilling process of the squeezing and expanding drilling tool, a drill bit (1) part of the squeezing and expanding drilling tool drills a soil body into a threaded hole, the special-shaped thread extruding and expanding body (2-2) of the extruding and expanding drilling tool gradually extrudes the thread formed by soil mass into the side wall of the pile hole in the synchronous drilling process by the Archimedes spiral surface (2-2-3) on the special-shaped thread extruding and expanding body (2-2) which rotates downwards in situ, the cylindrical retainer (2-1) on the special-shaped thread extruding-expanding body (2-2) continuously keeps the formed pile hole to meet the construction requirement;

3) the drill bit is lifted after synchronously withdrawing the soil body thread at the bottom,

forming a pile-expanding unthreaded hole at the upper part of the threaded hole at the bottom after lifting the drill,

when the pile machine continuously drills to the designed depth of a pile hole, the control device controls the power head (6) and the hoisting mechanism (8) to synchronously stop drilling downwards, meanwhile, the control device simultaneously reversely starts the power head (6) and the hoisting mechanism (8), so that the hoisting mechanism (8) lifts the power head (6) and the squeezing and expanding drilling tool by a lead every time the power head (6) rotates in a reverse direction for one circle, the squeezing and expanding drilling tool synchronously withdraws from the soil body thread at the bottom after continuous operation, and the squeezing and expanding drilling tool synchronously withdraws from the thread section after moving upwards and then lifts to the ground surface; forming a threaded extruded and expanded pile hole at the bottom of the pile hole and an extruded and expanded pile unthreaded hole at the upper part; the side that the screw thread can improve the stake is left to stake hole bottom and is touched the resistance, effectively improves the bearing capacity of stake, and the construction of screw rod stake can be accomplished to extension drill bit or increase the screw rod section.

4) The pile is formed by piling the piles,

when the squeezing and expanding drilling tool starts to lift upwards, a concrete pump is started, concrete is poured into the pile hole to a designed elevation to form a friction pile, and the threaded squeezing and expanding pile at the bottom of the concrete pile forms holding force on a soil body due to the fact that the bottom of the pile hole is a threaded hole, so that the stability of the pile is greatly improved, and the bearing capacity is improved;

or, after the squeezing and expanding drilling tool moves upwards and is lifted to the ground surface, a reinforcement cage and a grouting pipe are arranged, and grouting is carried out to form a pile;

or when the squeezing and expanding drilling tool moves upwards and is lifted to the ground surface, filling materials into the hole, and tamping and expanding the hole to form the pile.

When the screw pile construction is needed, the drill bit (1) can be replaced, or equidistant threaded drill rod sections (31) are added between the lower joint of the core pipe (2-2-1) of the extruding and expanding drilling tool and the drill bit (1) to increase the length of the bottom thread so as to meet the requirements of the screw pile, and the screw pile construction can be carried out to form the screw extruding and expanding pile.

When the invention carries out the pile return with the threaded hole at the bottom of the pile hole in the step 3), in the reverse synchronous lifting process, the threaded section is gradually withdrawn, the extruding and expanding drilling tool keeps the rotating direction of the withdrawn threaded section to rotate continuously, when the loose soil body on the side wall of the pile hole at the upper part of the extruded and expanded equidirectional upward extruding and expanding body (22) falls, the falling soil body is radially extruded into the side wall of the pile hole again under the action of the equidirectional blade (22-2-2) and the equidirectional Archimedes spiral surface (22-2-3) on the equidirectional upward extruding and expanding body (22) and the cylindrical retaining body (2-1), and the pile hole is shaped and maintained until the extruding and expanding drilling tool moves upward to be lifted to the ground surface to form the screw rod pile hole, thereby having good extruding and expanding effect, reducing the resistance of the drilling tool to the soil body and avoiding the falling soil body on the side wall of the pile hole from being taken out, the pile forming quality of the pile hole is obviously improved.

By adopting the structure and the construction method, the drilling and the extrusion are synchronous in the drilling process, and the soil body does not need to be extruded in the pile length range to form the straight-bar nut-shaped soil body, so that the resistance is greatly reduced, the construction effect is obviously improved, and the pile forming quality is high; the soil body does not need to be rotated out, and the soil body does not need to make spiral motion from bottom to top; the soil body is gradually squeezed into the side wall of the pile hole in situ under the synchronous action of drilling and rotation only through the Archimedes spiral surface, and the method has the advantages of high construction efficiency, low power consumption, good soil squeezing effect, higher pile forming quality, no drill jamming, drill burying, long service life and the like.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a squeezing and expanding drill according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an exploded schematic view of fig. 1.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a second embodiment of a squeezing and expanding tool according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is an exploded view of fig. 3.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a third embodiment of a companding tool of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is an exploded view of fig. 5.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a screw pile drilling tool

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the pile extruding-expanding machine of the present invention.

Fig. 9 shows the pile-expanding machine in place according to the method of the present invention.

FIG. 10 shows a synchronous drilling operation in the squeezing and expanding method of the present invention.

FIG. 11 shows that the soil body at the front end is drilled into a soil body threaded hole and the soil body at the rear end is in-situ reamed into a unthreaded hole.

FIG. 12 shows the bottom soil body thread of the squeezing and expanding method of the present invention being cut and then the drill is lifted.

FIG. 13 is a pile formed by the squeezing and expanding method of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a back drill of soil body screw thread synchronously retreating from the bottom of the squeezing and expanding method.

FIG. 15 shows a bottom screw hole and an upper extruded pile unthreaded hole in accordance with the extruding and enlarging method of the present invention.

FIG. 16 shows a pile formed by the squeezing and expanding method of the present invention.

Reference numerals: a drill bit (1), an upper joint plug (1-1), a drill bit core pipe (1-2), drill bit blades (1-3), a conical drill gate (1-4),

The device comprises an extruding and expanding body (2), a cylindrical holding body (2-1), a special-shaped thread extruding and expanding body (2-2), a core pipe (2-2-1), blades (2-2-2), an Archimedes spiral surface (2-2-3), an upper joint (2-2-4), a pin shaft (4), a lower joint (2-2-5), a co-directional upward extruding and expanding body (22), a co-directional cylindrical holding body (22-1), a co-directional core pipe (22-2-1), co-directional blades (22-2-2), a co-directional Archimedes spiral surface (22-2-3),

A reverse upward extrusion body (23), a reverse cylindrical holding body (23-1), a reverse core tube (23-2-1), a reverse blade (23-2-2), a reverse Archimedes spiral surface (23-2-3),

The device comprises a connecting rod (3), a pin shaft (4), a pile frame (5), a power head (6), an upright post (7), a hoisting mechanism (8), a slewing mechanism (9), an inclined strut (11), a platform (12), a chassis (13), a pulley block (14), a walking mechanism (15) and a balance weight (19).

Detailed Description

The invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

As shown in attached figures 1 and 2, the squeezing and expanding drilling tool comprises a drill bit (1), a squeezing and expanding body (2), a connecting rod (3) and a pin shaft (4), and is characterized in that the squeezing and expanding body (2) consists of a cylindrical retainer (2-1) and a special-shaped thread squeezing and expanding body (2-2), the special-shaped thread squeezing and expanding body (2-2) comprises a core pipe (2-2-1), blades (2-2-2) and an Archimedes spiral surface (2-2-3), the upper end of the core pipe (2-2-1) is fixedly connected with the lower end of the connecting rod (3) through a squeezing and expanding upper connector (2-2-4) and the pin shaft (4) which are arranged, the lower end is fixedly connected with the drill bit (1), the cylindrical retainer (2-1) is connected in series with the upper part of the core pipe (2-2-1), the lower part is spirally wound with equal-pitch blades (2-2-2) along the axial line upwards, the lower end of the cylindrical retainer (2-1) is fixedly connected with the blades (2-2-2), the outer diameter of the cylindrical retainer (2-1) is the same as the diameter of the blades (2-2-2), the Archimedes spiral surface (2-2-3) starts from the position between two blades at the lower end of the core pipe (2-2-1) by taking the radius of the core pipe (2-2-1) as the minimum starting pole diameter and taking the distance between the connecting points of the adjacent two blades (2-2-2) and the generatrix of the core pipe (2-2-1) as the starting width, and a curved surface formed by winding the two blades in an Archimedes spiral mode along the spiral track of the blades (2-2-2) is called as the Archimedes spiral surface (2-2-3), an axial bus on the Archimedes spiral surface (2-2-3) is parallel to the axis of the core tube (2-2-1), the upper end of the Archimedes spiral surface (2-2-3) is always fixedly connected with the lower end surface of the upper blade (2-2-2) of the adjacent blade in the winding process, the lower end of the Archimedes spiral surface is always fixedly connected with the upper end surface of the lower blade (2-2-2) of the adjacent blade, the polar diameter of the Archimedes spiral surface is increased from small to large until the maximum polar diameter of the Archimedes spiral surface is superposed with the outer diameter of the blade, and the Archimedes spiral surface rotates at least one circle along a spiral track by taking the maximum polar diameter as the radius after superposition to form a cylindrical retaining body (2-1), so that the Archimedes spiral surface (2-2-3) has a cam effect when synchronously drilling and rotationally extruding soil, and simultaneously the cylindrical retaining body, stabilizing the axial action of a drilling tool, wherein the diameter of the connecting rod is not more than that of the cylindrical retainer, so that the resistance of the squeezing and expanding drilling tool is reduced in the rotating drilling process, the outer diameters, the thicknesses and the leads of the blades (2-2-2) on the drill bit blades (1-3) and the squeezing and expanding body (2) are the same, the connecting parts are butted to form a coherent blade (2-2-2) with the same pitch, synchronous drilling is adopted during drilling, so that a soil body thread is formed after the drill bit (1) drills, the pole diameter of the Archimedes spiral surface (2-2-3) on the squeezing and expanding body (2) which synchronously rotates downwards in situ is gradually increased, which is equivalent to that the pole diameter of a cam is gradually increased to squeeze the soil body into the side wall of a pile hole in situ, the pile forming quality is obviously improved, and finally when the cylindrical retainer (2-1) on the squeezing and expanding drilling tool reaches, further make stake hole diameter kept to accord with the construction requirement, because the diameter of connecting rod is not more than the cylinder holder, make crowded expanding drilling tool further reduce the resistance at rotatory drilling in-process, so step by step drilling down to stake hole design depth gradually.

As shown in the attached figure 2, the upper end of the drill bit (1) can be provided with an upper connector plug (1-1), the lower end of the core tube (2-2-1) of the special-shaped thread extruding and expanding body (2-2) is provided with a lower connector (2-2-5), and the upper connector plug (1-1) is fixedly connected with the lower connector (2-2-5) of the core tube (2-2-1) through a pin shaft (4) so as to achieve the effects of expanding the construction capacity and facilitating maintenance.

As shown in the attached figure 2, a drill bit core pipe (1-2) can be arranged between the drill bit (1) and the upper connector plug (1-1), drill bit blades (1-3) are wound on the drill bit core pipe (1-2) in a threaded mode, the outer diameter, the thickness and the lead of the drill bit blades (1-3) and the blades (2-2-2) on the extruding and expanding body (2) are the same, and the connecting parts are butted to form a continuous blade (2-2-2) with the same pitch, so that soil body threads and soil body threads are synchronously drilled and expanded in situ, the soil body extruding resistance is reduced, the length of the drill bit is increased, and the requirement of a screw pile is met, so that the drill bit can be used for extruding and expanding screw pile hole construction.

As shown in the attached figure 3, the outer walls of the cylindrical companding body and the blades of the companding body are provided with first ventilation grooves (15), the first ventilation grooves (15) are axially arranged, and at least 2 first ventilation grooves (15) are arrayed along the outer circumference of the companding body, so that the compressed gas sent to the bottom is discharged in the drilling process.

As shown in attached figures 3 and 4, when part of soil layers in the pile hole are soft and the bottom of the pile hole is required to be a threaded hole, the invention can also be characterized in that a co-upward extruding and expanding body (22) is coaxially connected between the extruding and expanding body (2) and the connecting rod (3), the co-upward extruding and expanding body (22) mainly comprises a co-directional core pipe (22-2-1), co-directional blades (22-2-2), a co-directional Archimedes spiral surface (22-2-3) and a co-directional cylindrical retaining body (22-1), the upper end of the co-directional core pipe (22-2-1) is fixedly connected with the connecting rod (3) through a second upper connector and a second upper pin shaft, the lower end of the co-directional core pipe (22-2-1) is fixedly connected with the upper connector at the upper end of the extruding and expanding body (2) through a second lower connector and a second lower pin shaft, the co-directional blades (22-2-2-1), the lower part of the homodromous core pipe (22-2-1) is connected in series with a homodromous cylindrical retainer (22-1), the outer diameter of the homodromous cylindrical retainer (22-1) is the same as that of the cylindrical retainer (2-1), the homodromous Archimedes spiral surface (22-2-3) takes the radius of the homodromous core pipe (22-2-1) as the minimum starting pole diameter, the distance between the connecting points of the adjacent two homodromous blades (22-2-2) and the generatrix of the homodromous core pipe (22-2-1) as the starting width, a curved surface formed by starting from the position between the first group of two homodromous blades at the upper end of the homodromous core pipe (22-2-1) and winding between the two blades in an Archimedes spiral mode along the spiral track of the homodromous blades (22-2-2) is called a homodromous Arch, an axial bus on the same-direction Archimedes spiral surface (22-2-3) is parallel to the axis of the same-direction core pipe (22-2-1), the upper end of the same-direction Archimedes spiral surface (22-2-3) is always fixedly connected with the lower end surface of an upper blade (22-2-2) of an adjacent same-direction blade in the winding process, the lower end of the same-direction Archimedes spiral surface is always fixedly connected with the upper end surface of a lower blade (22-2-2) of the adjacent blade, the pole diameter of the same-direction Archimedes spiral surface is increased from small to large until the maximum pole diameter of the same-direction Archimedes spiral surface is superposed with the outer diameter of the same-direction blade, and the same-direction Archimedes spiral surface rotates at least one circle along a spiral track by taking the maximum pole diameter as the radius after the superposition to form a same-direction cylindrical retaining body (22-1), so that the same-direction Archimedes spiral surface (22-2-, synchronously stopping rotation and drilling, the control device instructs the winding mechanism and the power head to synchronously rotate reversely and lift the withdrawing thread, at the moment, the bottom of the pile hole forms a threaded hole due to synchronous withdrawing of the helical blade of the squeezing and expanding drilling tool, in the process of withdrawing the screw thread, when the loose soil body part of the side wall of the pile hole extruded and expanded at the upper part of the extruding and expanding body (22) in the same direction falls, under the action of the equidirectional blades (22-2-2) and the equidirectional Archimedes spiral surfaces (22-2-3) on the equidirectional upward extruding and expanding body (22), so that the same-direction Archimedes spiral surface (22-2-3) has a cam function when reversely rotating and extruding soil, and the dropped soil is radially extruded into the side wall of the pile hole again, and the pile hole is shaped and maintained through the same-direction cylindrical retaining body (22-1) and the cylindrical retaining body (2-1) until the squeezing and expanding drilling tool moves upwards and is lifted to the ground surface to form a screw rod pile hole. The resistance of the soil body to the drilling tool is reduced, the soil body falling from the side wall of the pile hole is prevented from falling and being brought out of the ground, and the pile forming quality of the pile hole is obviously improved.

As shown in attached drawings 5 and 6, when the bottom of the pile hole is required to be a unthreaded hole, the invention can also be characterized in that a reverse upward extruding-expanding body (23) is coaxially connected between the extruding-expanding body (2) and the connecting rod (3), the reverse upward extruding-expanding body (23) mainly comprises a reverse core tube (23-2-1), a reverse blade (23-2-2), a reverse Archimedes spiral surface (23-2-3) and a reverse cylindrical retaining body (23-1), the upper end of the reverse core tube (23-2-1) is fixedly connected with the connecting rod (3) through a third upper joint and a third upper pin shaft, the lower end of the reverse core tube (23-2-1) is fixedly connected with the upper joint at the upper end of the extruding-expanding body (2) through a third lower joint and a third lower pin shaft, and the reverse blade (23-2-2) is axially and spirally wound on the reverse core tube (, the lower part of the reverse core pipe (23-2-1) is connected in series with a reverse cylindrical retaining body (23-1), the outer diameter of the reverse cylindrical retaining body (23-1) is the same as that of the cylindrical retaining body (2-1), the reverse Archimedes spiral surface (23-2-3) takes the radius of the reverse core pipe (23-2-1) as the minimum initial pole diameter, takes the distance between the connecting points of the two adjacent reverse blades (23-2-2) and the bus of the reverse core pipe (23-2-1) as the initial width, and the curved surface formed by winding the reverse blades between the two blades in an Archimedes spiral mode along the spiral track of the reverse blades (23-2-2) from the first group of the upper end of the reverse core pipe (23-2-1) is called as a reverse Archimedes spiral surface (23-2-3), the axial generatrix on the reverse Archimedes spiral surface (23-2-3) is parallel to the axial line of the reverse core tube (23-2-1), the upper end of the reverse Archimedes spiral surface (23-2-3) is always fixedly connected with the lower end surface of the upper blade (23-2-2) of the adjacent reverse blade in the winding process, the lower end of the reverse Archimedes spiral surface is always fixedly connected with the upper end surface of the lower blade (23-2-2) of the adjacent reverse blade, the polar diameter of the reverse Archimedes spiral surface is increased from small to large until the maximum polar diameter is coincided with the outer diameter of the same-direction blade, and the reverse Archimedes spiral surface rotates at least one circle along a spiral track by taking the maximum polar diameter as the radius after the coincidence to form a reverse cylindrical retaining body (23-1), so that the reverse Archimedes spiral surface (23-2-3) has a cam function when the reverse, so that after the squeezing and expanding drilling tool reaches a set depth, the control device instructs to stop drilling, the power head continues to rotate in the same direction as the drilling, at the moment, soil body threads at the bottom of a pile hole are cut off in situ to form a unthreaded hole, after the squeezing and expanding drilling tool rotates for at least one circle, the drilling tool is lifted upwards, the power head continues to rotate in the same direction as the drilling, in the process of lifting upwards, when loose soil bodies on the side wall of the pile hole extruded and expanded on the upper part of the reverse upward squeezing and expanding body (23) fall, the fallen soil bodies are squeezed into the side wall of the pile hole again in the radial direction under the action of a reverse blade (23-2-2) and a reverse Archimedes spiral surface (23-2-3) on the reverse upward squeezing and expanding body (23), and the pile hole is shaped and maintained through a reverse cylindrical retaining body (23-1) and a cylindrical retaining body (2-1) until the squeezing and expanding drilling tool moves upwards to the ground surface to form a, not only improves the squeezing and expanding rate, but also reduces the resistance of the soil body to a drilling tool, and also obviously improves the pile-forming quality of the pile hole.

As shown in the attached figure 3, a second ventilation groove (16) is formed in the outer walls of the equidirectional cylindrical extruding body and the equidirectional blades of the equidirectional extruding body, the second ventilation groove (16) is axially arranged, and the second ventilation groove (16) is butted with the first ventilation groove to form a same air outlet groove, so that air is exhausted along the first ventilation groove (15) and the second ventilation groove (16).

As shown in fig. 5, the present invention may be configured with a third vent groove (17) on the outer wall of the reverse cylindrical expanding body and the reverse vane of the reverse expanding body, the third vent groove (17) is axially disposed, and the third vent groove (17) and the first vent groove (15) are butted to form a same gas outlet groove, so that the gas is discharged along the first vent groove (15) and the third vent groove (17).

As shown in attached figures 2 and 7, when the threaded hole needs to be lengthened, the drill bit (1) can be replaced, or a threaded drill rod section (31) which has the same thread pitch and forms an integral thread is added between a lower joint of a core tube (2-2-1) of the extrusion-expansion drilling tool and the drill bit (1), the shape and the diameter of the core tube of the threaded drill rod section (31) are the same as those of the core tube of the drill bit on the drill bit, the outer diameter, the thickness and the lead of a helical blade on the threaded drill rod section (31) are the same as those of drill blades (1-3) on the drill bit, after connection, a blade on the threaded drill rod section (31) is butted with a special-shaped thread extrusion-expansion body and the drill bit to form a coherent blade (2-2-2), a ventilation groove III arranged on the outer wall of the blade of the threaded drill rod section (31) is butted with a ventilation groove I and a ventilation groove, And increasing the length of the bottom threaded hole, or meeting the requirement of the screw pile to form an extruding and expanding screw pile hole.

In the synchronous drilling process, the gradually increased Archimedes spiral surface (2-2-3) is utilized to extrude and expand in situ, so that the soil body is not sheared and conveyed upwards, and the upward resistance is not generated by extruding the circular truncated cone body, and the radial in-situ extrusion is performed, so that the resistance applied to the drilling tool by the drilling tool in the drilling process is greatly reduced, and the substantial technical problems that the section of the extruding and expanding body of the circular truncated cone structure on the cross section vertical to the axial lead of the drilling tool is circular, the extruding and expanding body of the circular truncated cone structure does not have the extruding and expanding effect when the drilling tool rotates, the inclined plane of the circular truncated cone body generates component force to extrude the soil body downwards, so that the lower soil body is compact, the resistance is large, the drilling tool is difficult to drill downwards, and the; meanwhile, the substantial defect that a large amount of power is consumed because the helical blades rotate the soil out and then reversely do helical propelling movement to be sent into the extruding and expanding body is overcome; the substantial defects of a large amount of power consumed by extruding the soil body by the pile length range to form the straight rod nut-shaped soil body and then extruding the nut soil body by the drill rod through in-situ asynchronous forward rotation are overcome.

As shown in fig. 8, an extrusion-expansion pile machine includes a pile frame (5) and a power head (6), wherein a column (7), an inclined strut (11), a platform (12), a chassis (13), a counterweight (19), a pulley block (14), a traveling mechanism (15), a hoisting mechanism (8), a swing mechanism (9), a hydraulic system, an operation console and a control device are arranged on the pile frame (5), and the connection relationship among the column (7), the inclined strut (11), the platform (12), the chassis (13), the counterweight (19), the pulley block (14), the traveling mechanism (15), the power head (6), the hoisting mechanism (8), the swing mechanism (9), the hydraulic system, a power supply, the operation console and the control device is the prior art, which is not described herein, and is characterized by further including any one of the extrusion-expansion drilling tools.

The control device of the invention can comprise a PLC synchronous controller, a drilling tool frequency converter and a winch frequency converter, wherein the connection structure of the PLC synchronous controller, the drilling tool frequency converter and the winch frequency converter has the following patent numbers: 2010105514658, the patent names: the PLC controls the same of the frequency conversion pile machine, and the details are omitted.

The control device may also adopt a hydraulic synchronous control system, which is the prior art and is not described herein.

The control device may also adopt a dc motor synchronous control system, which is the prior art and is not described herein.

The control device can also adopt any hybrid synchronous control system of alternating current, direct current and hydraulic pressure, and the hybrid synchronous control system is the prior art and is not described any more.

1) with the machine in place as shown in figure 9,

2) as shown in the attached drawings 10 and 11, the front soil body is drilled into a soil body threaded hole, the rear soil body threaded hole is extruded and expanded into a unthreaded hole in situ,

after the pile extruding and expanding machine is installed in place, the control device simultaneously starts the power head (6) and the hoisting mechanism (8) to start synchronous drilling, namely, when the power head (6) rotates for one circle, the hoisting mechanism (8) lowers the power head (6) and the extrusion and expansion drilling tool to move downwards for synchronous drilling with a lead, in the synchronous drilling process of the squeezing and expanding drilling tool, a drill bit (1) part of the squeezing and expanding drilling tool drills a soil body into a threaded hole, the special-shaped thread extruding and expanding body (2-2) of the extruding and expanding drilling tool gradually extrudes the thread formed by soil mass into the side wall of the pile hole in the synchronous drilling process by the Archimedes spiral surface (2-2-3) on the special-shaped thread extruding and expanding body (2-2) which rotates downwards in situ, the cylindrical retainer (2-1) on the special-shaped thread extruding-expanding body (2-2) continuously keeps the formed pile hole to meet the construction requirement; in the synchronous drilling process, the polar diameter of the Archimedes spiral surface (2-2-3) on the extruding and expanding body (2) is gradually increased and is equivalent to that of a cam, soil is extruded into the side wall of a pile hole in situ from small to large, so that the resistance of a power head (6) is only the resistance generated by the friction between the extruding and expanding body and the soil on the wall of the pile hole and the extrusion to the wall of the pile hole, the resistance of the soil is conveyed after the soil is not sheared, the construction resistance is reduced, the construction efficiency is greatly improved, because the polar diameter of the Archimedes spiral surface (2-2-3) on the extruding and expanding body (2) is gradually increased and is equivalent to that the cam, the soil is extruded into the side wall of the pile hole in situ from small to large, the extruding and expanding space at the front end of the extruding and expanding body (2) is large, once a drill is stuck and buried, a drilling tool is reversed, so that the front end of the extruding and expanding body (2) is withdrawn from the position, the withdrawal resistance is small, the effects of no drill sticking and no drill burying are achieved, and the construction efficiency and the pile forming quality are obviously improved;

3) the earth threads at the bottom of figure 12 are sheared and the drill is then pulled,

4) The pile is formed as shown in figure 13,

When the lower joint of the power head of the pile extruding and expanding tool is fixed with the extrusion expanding tool as shown in figure 5 in the step 3) when the bottom of the pile hole is constructed as the unthreaded hole, a reverse upward extrusion expanding body (23) is coaxially connected between the extrusion expanding body (2) and a connecting rod (3), the extrusion expanding tool keeps the rotating direction of the downward drilling to continue rotating in the upward lifting process, when the loose soil body part of the extruded and expanded pile hole side wall falls, the falling soil body is radially extruded into the pile hole side wall again under the action of a reverse blade (23-2-2) and a reverse Archimedes spiral surface (23-2-3) on the reverse upward extrusion expanding body (23), and the pile hole is shaped and maintained through a reverse cylindrical retaining body (23-1) and a cylindrical retaining body (2-1) until the extrusion expanding tool moves upward to the ground surface to form the extrusion expanding pile unthreaded hole, because the reverse upward squeezing and expanding body (23) adopts a cam structure with an Archimedes spiral surface, the soil is squeezed radially, upward thrust is not generated on the soil body, the downward soil body is not extruded by the round table by the downward conveying body, space is extruded for the downward falling soil body, the falling soil body is continuously squeezed and expanded gradually by the reverse upward squeezing and expanding body (23), and a good squeezing and expanding effect is achieved. The resistance of the soil body to the drilling tool is reduced, the soil body falling from the side wall of the pile hole is prevented from falling and being brought out of the ground, and the squeezing and expanding efficiency and the pile forming quality are obviously improved.

1) with the machine in place as shown in figure 9,

a squeezing and expanding drilling tool shown in figure 1 is fixed on a lower joint of a power head of the squeezing and expanding pile;

3) as shown in the attached drawings 10 and 11, the front soil body is synchronously drilled to form a soil body threaded hole, the rear soil body threaded hole is extruded and expanded to form a unthreaded hole in situ,

3) the soil body thread back drill at the bottom is synchronously withdrawn as shown in figures 14 and 15,

when the pile machine continuously drills to the designed depth of a pile hole, the control device controls the power head (6) and the hoisting mechanism (8) to synchronously stop drilling downwards, meanwhile, the control device simultaneously reversely starts the power head (6) and the hoisting mechanism (8), so that the hoisting mechanism (8) lifts the power head (6) and the squeezing and expanding drilling tool by a lead every time the power head (6) rotates in a reverse direction for one circle, the squeezing and expanding drilling tool synchronously withdraws from the soil body thread at the bottom after continuous operation, and the squeezing and expanding drilling tool synchronously withdraws from the thread section after moving upwards and then lifts to the ground surface; forming a threaded extruded and expanded pile hole at the bottom of the pile hole and an extruded and expanded pile unthreaded hole at the upper part; the bottom of the pile hole is provided with the threads, so that the side-touch resistance of the pile can be improved, the bearing capacity of the pile is effectively improved, and the construction of the screw pile can be completed;

4) the pile is formed as shown in figure 16,

When the invention carries out the step 3) of pile returning with a threaded hole at the bottom of the pile hole, the invention gradually withdraws the threaded section in the reverse synchronous lifting process, the extruding and expanding drilling tool keeps the rotating direction of the withdrawing and expanding threaded section to rotate continuously, when the loose soil body on the upper pile hole side wall of the extruded and expanded equidirectional upward extruding and expanding body (22) falls, the fallen soil body is radially extruded into the pile hole side wall again under the action of the equidirectional blade (22-2-2) and the equidirectional Archimedes spiral surface (22-2-3) on the equidirectional upward extruding and expanding body (22) and the cylindrical retaining body (2-1) to shape and retain the pile hole until the extruding and expanding drilling tool moves upward to be lifted to the ground surface to form a screw rod pile hole, thereby playing a remarkable extruding and expanding effect, reducing the resistance of the soil body to the drilling tool and avoiding the falling soil body on the pile hole side wall from being taken out, the pile forming quality of the pile hole is obviously improved.

Example 1: when the invention is used for the construction of the polished hole extruded pile,

1) with the machine in place as shown in figure 9,

the squeezing and expanding drilling tool fixed at the lower end of a power head (6) of the squeezing and expanding pile according to the construction required diameter is sequentially provided with a connecting rod (3), a squeezing and expanding body (2) and a drill bit (1), which are fixedly connected with each other by a pin shaft (4),

after the pile extruding and expanding machine is installed in place, the control device simultaneously starts the power head (6) and the hoisting mechanism (8) to start synchronous drilling, namely, when the power head (6) rotates for one circle, the hoisting mechanism (8) lowers the power head (6) and the extrusion and expansion drilling tool to move downwards for synchronous drilling with a lead, in the synchronous drilling process of the squeezing and expanding drilling tool, a drill bit (1) part of the squeezing and expanding drilling tool drills a soil body into a threaded hole, the special-shaped thread extruding and expanding body (2-2) of the extruding and expanding drilling tool gradually extrudes the thread formed by soil mass into the side wall of the pile hole in the synchronous drilling process by the Archimedes spiral surface (2-2-3) on the special-shaped thread extruding and expanding body (2-2) which rotates downwards in situ, the cylindrical retainer (2-1) on the special-shaped thread extruding-expanding body (2-2) continuously keeps the formed pile hole to meet the construction requirement; in the synchronous drilling process, the polar diameter of the Archimedes spiral surface (2-2-3) on the extruding and expanding body (2) is gradually increased, namely the polar diameter of the cam is gradually increased to extrude the soil body into the side wall of the pile hole in situ, and the actions are repeated to synchronously drill down until the designed depth of the pile hole is reached;

when the pile machine continuously drills to the designed depth of a pile hole, the control device controls the hoisting mechanism (8) to stop lowering the squeezing and expanding drilling tool, meanwhile, the rotary power head (6) continuously rotates and applies torque in the same direction to the squeezing and expanding drilling tool when the squeezing and expanding drilling tool drills downwards to enable the squeezing and expanding drilling tool to rotate in situ, soil body threads which are not reached by the cylindrical retainer (2-1) are sheared, and after the squeezing and expanding drilling tool rotates for at least one circle, the control device controls the hoisting mechanism (8) to lift the squeezing and expanding drilling tool of the power head (6) to move upwards until the ground surface;

4) the pile is formed as shown in figure 13,

starting a concrete pump when the squeezing and expanding drilling tool starts to lift upwards, and pouring concrete into the pile hole to a designed elevation to form a concrete pile; the bearing capacity of the pile is greatly increased;

or, after the squeezing and expanding drilling tool moves upwards and is lifted to the ground surface, a reinforcement cage and a grouting pipe are arranged, and grouting is carried out to form the pile.

Example 2: when the pile extruding and expanding machine is used for extruding and expanding pile in the unthreaded hole at the upper part of the threaded hole at the bottom,

1) with the machine in place as shown in figure 9,

the squeezing and expanding drilling tool fixed at the lower end of a power head (6) of the squeezing and expanding pile according to the construction required diameter is sequentially provided with a connecting rod (3), a squeezing and expanding body (2) and a drill bit (1) which are fixedly connected with each other by a pin shaft (4),

when the pile machine continuously drills to the designed depth of a pile hole, the control device controls the power head (6) and the hoisting mechanism (8) to synchronously stop drilling downwards, meanwhile, the control device simultaneously reversely starts the power head (6) and the hoisting mechanism (8), so that the hoisting mechanism (8) lifts the power head (6) and the squeezing and expanding drilling tool by a lead every time the power head (6) rotates in a reverse direction for one circle, the squeezing and expanding drilling tool synchronously withdraws from the soil body thread at the bottom after continuous operation, and the squeezing and expanding drilling tool synchronously withdraws from the thread section after moving upwards and then lifts to the ground surface; forming a threaded extruded and expanded pile hole at the bottom of the pile hole and an extruded and expanded pile unthreaded hole at the upper part;

4) is made into a pile as shown in figure 16

When the squeezing and expanding drilling tool starts to lift upwards, a concrete pump is started, concrete is poured into the pile hole to a designed elevation, a friction pile is formed, the friction resistance of the pile is greatly increased, and the bearing capacity is improved;

or, after the squeezing and expanding drilling tool moves upwards and is lifted to the ground surface, filling the filler into the hole, and tamping and expanding the filler to form a pile; greatly improving the bearing capacity of the rammed pile.

When the threaded hole needs to be lengthened, the drill bit (1) can be replaced, or a threaded drill rod section (31) which has the same thread pitch and forms an integral thread is added between the lower joint of the core pipe (2-2-1) of the extruding and expanding drilling tool and the drill bit (1), so that the purposes of reducing resistance and extruding soil and increasing the length of the threaded hole at the bottom are achieved, or the requirement of a screw pile is met to form an extruding and expanding screw pile hole.

Example 3: when the pile reaming is carried out, the invention meets loose soil layers, the lower end of the power head of the pile reaming is fixedly connected with a connecting rod, a reverse upper reaming body, a reaming body and a drill bit in sequence, the connecting rod, the reverse upper reaming body, the reaming body and the drill bit are fixedly connected with each other through a pin shaft,

1) pile driver is in place and 2) synchronous drilling is carried out, which is the same as the embodiment 1 and is not described in detail,

3) pile returning and pile hole bottom unthreaded hole extruding and expanding are performed:

when the pile machine continuously drills into the designed depth of the pile hole, the controller controls the hoisting mechanism (8) to stop placing the squeezing and expanding drilling tool, meanwhile, the rotating power head (6) continues to rotate and applies torque in the same direction to the squeezing and expanding drilling tool when drilling downwards, the squeezing and expanding drilling tool rotates in situ, the part of the soil body which is not reached by the cylindrical retainer (2-1) is sheared, the squeezing and expanding drilling tool continues to rotate, the control device controls the hoisting mechanism (8) to lift the power head (6), the squeezing and expanding drilling tool keeps rotating continuously in the drilling downwards direction during upward lifting, when the loose soil body part of the side wall of the pile hole after squeezing and expanding falls, the falling soil body is radially squeezed into the side wall of the pile hole again under the action of the reverse blade (23-2-2) and the reverse Archimedes spiral surface (23-2-3) on the reverse squeezing and expanding body (23-1), and the cylindrical retainer (2-1) is used for fixing the pile hole The shape is kept until the squeezing and expanding drilling tool moves upwards to the ground surface to form a squeezing and expanding pile unthreaded hole, and because the reverse squeezing and expanding body (23) adopts a cam structure with an Archimedes spiral surface, the soil is squeezed radially, the soil body is not pushed upwards, the downward soil body is not extruded by the circular truncated cone without being conveyed downwards, the space is extruded for the downward soil body, the dropped soil body is continuously squeezed and expanded gradually by the reverse squeezing and expanding body (23) which moves upwards, and the remarkable squeezing and expanding effect is achieved.

4) The pile is formed, which is the same as the embodiment 1, and the description is omitted.

Example 4: when the invention carries out the extrusion and expansion of the threaded pile hole, in order to avoid loose soil layer from falling into the pile hole, the invention can be fixedly connected with a connecting rod, an upward extrusion and expansion body in the same direction, an extrusion and expansion body and a drill bit in sequence at the lower end of a power head of the extrusion and expansion pile, the connection of the connecting rod, the upward extrusion and expansion body, the extrusion and expansion body and the drill bit is fixedly connected through a pin shaft,

1) pile driver is in place and 2) synchronous drilling is carried out, which is the same as the embodiment 2 and is not described in detail,

3) formation of bottom threaded hole

When the pile machine continuously drills into the designed depth of the pile hole, the control device controls the power head (6) and the hoisting mechanism (8) to synchronously stop rotating and lower the squeezing and expanding drilling tool, simultaneously, the power head (6) and the hoisting mechanism (8) synchronously rotate reversely and reversely, the squeezing and expanding drilling tool gradually withdraws from the threaded section in the reverse synchronous hoisting process, the squeezing and expanding drilling tool keeps continuously rotating in the rotating direction of the withdrawn threaded section, when loose soil mass on the upper pile hole side wall of the squeezed and expanded equidirectional upward squeezing and expanding body (22) drops, the dropped soil mass is radially squeezed into the pile hole side wall again under the action of equidirectional blades (22-2-2) and equidirectional Archimedes spiral surfaces (22-2-3) on the squeezing and expanding body (22) in the same direction, and the pile hole is shaped and maintained through a equidirectional cylindrical retaining body (22-1) and a cylindrical retaining body (2-1), until the squeezing and expanding drilling tool moves upwards and is lifted to the ground surface to form the screw pile hole, the remarkable squeezing and expanding effect is achieved, the resistance of the soil body to the drilling tool is reduced, the soil body falling from the side wall of the pile hole is prevented from falling and being brought out of the ground, and the pile forming quality of the pile hole is remarkably improved.

4) The pile is formed, which is the same as the embodiment 2, and the description is omitted.

The invention refers to a same-direction cylindrical squeezed body, a same-direction core tube, a same-direction blade, a same-direction Archimedes spiral surface, a reverse core tube (23-2-1), a reverse blade (23-2-2), a reverse Archimedes spiral surface (23-2-3) and a reverse cylindrical holding body (23-1), wherein the 'reverse direction' and the 'same direction' are only used for distinguishing other parts and do not represent directions, and the explanation is given.

The definition of the axial bus of the invention is as follows: and connecting the outer end points with the same polar diameter on the Archimedes spiral surface.

Claims

1. An extrusion-expansion drilling tool comprises a drill bit (1), an extrusion-expansion body (2), a connecting rod (3) and a pin shaft (4), and is characterized in that the extrusion-expansion body (2) is composed of a cylindrical retainer (2-1) and a special-shaped thread extrusion-expansion body (2-2), the special-shaped thread extrusion-expansion body (2-2) comprises a core pipe (2-2-1), blades (2-2-2) and an Archimedes spiral surface (2-2-3), the upper end of the core pipe (2-2-1) is fixedly connected with the lower end of the connecting rod (3) through an extrusion-expansion upper connector (2-2-4) and the pin shaft (4) which are arranged, the lower end is fixedly connected with the drill bit (1), the cylindrical retainer (2-1) is connected in series with the upper part of the core pipe (2-2-1), and the lower part is spirally wound with equal-pitch blades (2-2-2), the lower end of the cylindrical retainer (2-1) is fixedly connected with the blades (2-2-2), the outer diameter of the cylindrical retainer (2-1) is the same as the diameter of the blades (2-2-2), the Archimedes spiral surface (2-2-3) starts from the position between the two blades at the lower end of the core pipe (2-2-1) and is wound between the two blades in an Archimedes spiral mode along the spiral track of the blades (2-2-2) to form a curved surface called the Archimedes spiral surface (2-2-3) by taking the radius of the core pipe (2-2-1) as the minimum starting polar diameter and the distance between the connecting points of the two adjacent blades (2-2-2) and the generatrix of the core pipe (2-2-1) as the starting width, and the axial generatrix on the Archimedes spiral surface (2-2-3) is level with the axial line of the core pipe (2-2-1) And the upper end of the Archimedes spiral surface (2-2-3) is fixedly connected with the lower end face of the upper blade (2-2-2) of the adjacent blade all the time in the winding process, the lower end of the Archimedes spiral surface is fixedly connected with the upper end face of the lower blade (2-2-2) of the adjacent blade all the time, the polar diameter of the Archimedes spiral surface is from small to large until the maximum polar diameter of the Archimedes spiral surface is coincided with the outer diameter of the blade, and the Archimedes spiral surface rotates at least one circle along a spiral track by taking the maximum polar diameter as the radius after the coincidence to form a cylindrical retainer (2-1), so that the Archimedes spiral surface (2-2-3) has a cam effect during synchronous drilling and rotary soil extrusion, and the diameter of the connecting rod is not.

2. The squeezing and expanding drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that an upper connector plug (1-1) is arranged at the upper end of the drill bit (1), a lower connector (2-2-5) is arranged at the lower end of the core tube (2-2-1) of the special-shaped threaded squeezing and expanding body (2-2), and the upper connector plug (1-1) is fixedly connected with the lower connector (2-2-5) of the core tube (2-2-1) through a pin shaft (4).

3. The squeezing and expanding drilling tool according to claim 2, characterized in that a drill bit core tube (1-2) is arranged between the drill bit (1) and the upper connector plug (1-1), drill bit blades (1-3) are wound on the drill bit core tube (1-2) in a threaded manner, the outer diameter, the thickness and the lead of the drill bit blades (1-3) and the blades (2-2-2) on the squeezing and expanding body (2) are the same, and the connecting parts are butted to form a continuous blade (2-2-2) with the same pitch.

4. A squeezing and expanding drill according to claim 3, characterized in that the outer walls of the cylindrical squeezing and expanding body and the blades of the squeezing and expanding body are provided with first ventilation grooves (15), and the first ventilation grooves (15) are axially arranged.

5. The squeezing and expanding drilling tool according to claim 4, characterized in that a co-upward squeezing and expanding body (22) is coaxially connected between the squeezing and expanding body (2) and the connecting rod (3), the co-upward squeezing and expanding body (22) mainly comprises a co-directional core tube (22-2-1), co-directional blades (22-2-2), a co-directional Archimedes spiral surface (22-2-3) and a co-directional cylindrical retainer body (22-1), the upper end of the co-directional core tube (22-2-1) is fixedly connected with the connecting rod (3) through a second upper joint and a second upper pin shaft, the lower end of the co-directional core tube (22-2-1) is fixedly connected with the upper joint at the upper end of the squeezing and expanding body (2) through a second lower joint and a second lower pin shaft, co-directional blades (22-2-2) are spirally wound on the co-directional core tube (22-2-1) in an axial direction, and co-directional cylindrical columns (22-1) are serially connected ) The outer diameter of the equidirectional Archimedes spiral surface (22-2-3) is the same as that of the cylindrical retainer (2-1), the equidirectional Archimedes spiral surface (22-2-3) takes the radius of the equidirectional core tube (22-2-1) as the minimum starting polar diameter, the distance between the connecting points of the adjacent two equidirectional blades (22-2-2) and the generatrix of the equidirectional core tube (22-2-1) is taken as the starting width, a curved surface formed by starting between the first group of two equidirectional blades at the upper end of the equidirectional core tube (22-2-1) and winding between the two blades along the spiral track of the equidirectional blades (22-2-2) in an Archimedes spiral mode is called the equidirectional Archimedes spiral surface (22-2-3), the axial generatrix on the equidirectional Archimedes surface (22-2-3) is parallel to the axis of the equidire, and the upper end of the same-direction Archimedes spiral surface (22-2-3) is fixedly connected with the lower end surface of the upper blade (22-2-2) of the adjacent same-direction blade all the time in the winding process, the lower end of the same-direction Archimedes spiral surface is fixedly connected with the upper end surface of the lower blade (22-2-2) of the adjacent blade all the time, the polar diameter of the same-direction Archimedes spiral surface is from small to large until the maximum polar diameter of the same-direction Archimedes spiral surface is coincided with the outer diameter of the same-direction blade, and the same-direction Archimedes spiral surface rotates at least one circle along a spiral track by taking the maximum polar diameter as the radius after the coincidence to form a same-direction cylindrical retainer (22-1), so that the same-direction Archime.

6. The squeezing and expanding drilling tool according to claim 4, characterized in that a reverse upward squeezing and expanding body (23) is coaxially connected between the squeezing and expanding body (2) and the connecting rod (3), the reverse upward squeezing and expanding body (23) mainly comprises a reverse core tube (23-2-1), a reverse blade (23-2-2), a reverse Archimedes spiral surface (23-2-3) and a reverse cylindrical retaining body (23-1), the upper end of the reverse core tube (23-2-1) is fixedly connected with the connecting rod (3) through a third upper joint and a third upper pin shaft, the lower end of the reverse core tube (23-2-1) is fixedly connected with the upper joint at the upper end of the squeezing and expanding body (2) through a third lower joint and a third lower pin shaft, the reverse blade (23-2-2) is spirally wound on the reverse core tube (23-2-1), and the reverse cylindrical retaining body (23-1) is serially connected to the lower part of the reverse core tube (23-2- ) The outer diameter of the reverse cylindrical retainer (23-1) is the same as that of the cylindrical retainer (2-1), the reverse Archimedes spiral surface (23-2-3) takes the radius of the reverse core pipe (23-2-1) as the minimum starting diameter, the distance between the connecting points of the two adjacent reverse blades (23-2-2) and the generatrix of the reverse core pipe (23-2-1) is taken as the starting width, a curved surface formed by starting between the first group of two reverse blades at the upper end of the reverse core pipe (23-2-1) and winding between the two blades in an Archimedes spiral mode along the spiral track of the reverse blades (23-2-2) is called as a reverse Archimedes spiral surface (23-2-3), the axial generatrix on the reverse Archimedes spiral surface (23-2-3) is parallel to the axial line of the reverse core pipe (23-2-1), and the upper end of the reverse Archimedes spiral surface (23-2-3) is always fixedly connected with the lower end surface of the upper blade (23-2-2) of the adjacent reverse blade in the winding process, the lower end of the reverse Archimedes spiral surface is always fixedly connected with the upper end surface of the lower blade (23-2-2) of the adjacent reverse blade, the polar diameter of the reverse Archimedes spiral surface is increased from small to large until the maximum polar diameter of the reverse Archimedes spiral surface is coincided with the outer diameter of the blade in the same direction, and the reverse Archimedes spiral surface rotates at least one circle along a spiral track by taking the maximum polar diameter as the radius after the coincidence to form a reverse cylindrical.

7. The squeezing and expanding drilling tool as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the outer walls of the co-directional cylindrical squeezing and expanding body and the co-directional blades of the co-directional squeezing and expanding body are provided with a second ventilation groove (16), the second ventilation groove (16) is axially arranged, and the second ventilation groove (16) and the first ventilation groove are butted to form a same air outlet groove.

8. The squeezing and expanding drilling tool as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the outer walls of the reverse cylindrical squeezing and expanding body and the reverse blades of the reverse squeezing and expanding body are provided with a third vent groove (17), the third vent groove (17) is axially arranged, and the third vent groove (17) and the first vent groove (15) are butted to form a same air outlet groove.

9. The squeezing and expanding drilling tool according to claim 7, characterized in that a threaded drill rod section (31) which has the same thread pitch and forms an integral thread is added between the lower joint of the core tube (2-2-1) of the squeezing and expanding drilling tool and the drill bit (1), the shape and the diameter of the core tube of the threaded drill rod section (31) are the same as those of the core tube of the drill bit, the outer diameter, the thickness and the lead of the helical blade on the threaded drill rod section (31) are the same as those of the drill bit blades (1-3) on the drill bit, and after connection, the blades on the threaded drill rod section (31) are butted with the special-shaped threaded squeezing and the drill bit to form a continuous blade (2-2-2) with the same thread pitch.

10. An extrusion-expansion pile machine, comprising a pile frame (5) and a power head (6), wherein the pile frame (5) is provided with a column (7), an inclined strut (11), a platform (12), a chassis (13), a counterweight (19), a pulley block (14), a traveling mechanism (15), a hoisting mechanism (8), a swing mechanism (9), a hydraulic system, an operation table and a control device, and is characterized by further comprising the extrusion-expansion drilling tool as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. A pile-forming construction method for an extruded and expanded pile is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) the pile extruding and expanding machine is in place,

a squeezing and expanding drilling tool as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 is fixed on a lower joint of a power head of a squeezing and expanding pile;

3) the soil body thread at the bottom is cut and then the drill is lifted,

when the pile machine continuously drills to the depth required by pile hole construction, the control device controls the hoisting mechanism (8) to stop lowering the squeezing and expanding drilling tool, meanwhile, the power head (6) continues to rotate and applies torque in the same direction to the squeezing and expanding drilling tool when drilling downwards, so that the squeezing and expanding drilling tool rotates in situ, the bottom soil body threads which are not reached by the cylindrical retainer (2-1) are sheared, and after the squeezing and expanding drilling tool rotates for at least one circle, the control device controls the hoisting mechanism (8) to lift the squeezing and expanding drilling tool of the power head (6) to move upwards until the ground surface;

4) pile-forming

or, after the squeezing and expanding drilling tool moves upwards and is lifted to the ground surface, a reinforcement cage and a grouting pipe are arranged, and grouting is carried out to form a pile; or, after the squeezing and expanding drilling tool moves upwards and is lifted to the ground surface, filling materials into the hole, and tamping and expanding the hole to form the pile.

12. The pile-forming method of claim 11, wherein the pile-expanding drill of claim 5 is fixed to the lower joint of the power head of the pile-expanding machine, and when the construction of step 3) is performed with the bottom of the pile hole being a smooth hole, a reverse upward expanding body (23) is coaxially connected between the expanding body (2) and the connecting rod (3), and during the upward lifting process, the expanding drill keeps the rotating direction of the downward drilling to continue rotating, and when the loose soil mass part of the pile hole sidewall after expanding falls, the fallen soil mass is radially extruded into the pile hole sidewall again under the action of the reverse blades (23-2-2) and the reverse Archimedes screw surface (23-2-3) on the reverse upward expanding body (23), and the pile hole is shaped and maintained by the reverse cylindrical retainer (23-1) and the cylindrical retainer (2-1), until the extruding and expanding drilling tool moves upwards to the ground surface to form an extruding and expanding pile unthreaded hole.

13. A pile-forming construction method for an extruded and expanded pile is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) the pile extruding and expanding machine is in place,

4) the pile is formed by piling the piles,

starting a concrete pump when the squeezing and expanding drilling tool starts to lift upwards, and pouring concrete into the pile hole to a designed elevation to form a friction pile;

14. The pile-forming method of claim 13, wherein a pile-expanding drilling tool as claimed in claim 9 is fixed to a lower joint of a power head of the pile-expanding machine, and screw pile construction can be performed.

15. The pile-forming method of claim 13 or 14, wherein the pile-expanding drill tool of claim 6 is fixed at the lower joint of the power head of the pile-expanding machine, and during the pile-returning process of step 3) with a threaded hole at the bottom of the pile hole, the thread section is gradually withdrawn in the reverse synchronous lifting process, the pile-expanding drill tool keeps the rotating direction of the thread section to continuously rotate, when the loose soil body part on the side wall of the pile hole at the upper part of the extruded and expanded body (22) in the same direction falls, the dropped soil body is radially extruded into the side wall of the pile hole again under the action of the blades (22-2-2) and the Archimedes spiral surfaces (22-2-3) on the extruded and expanded body (22) in the same direction, and the pile hole is shaped and maintained through the cylinders (22-1) and the cylinder retainers (2-1), until the squeezing and expanding drilling tool moves upwards and is lifted to the ground surface to form a screw pile hole.