CN111926364B - Preparation method of self-lubricating composite ceramic layer on surface of aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Preparation method of self-lubricating composite ceramic layer on surface of aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN111926364B CN111926364B CN202010802930.4A CN202010802930A CN111926364B CN 111926364 B CN111926364 B CN 111926364B CN 202010802930 A CN202010802930 A CN 202010802930A CN 111926364 B CN111926364 B CN 111926364B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/026—Anodisation with spark discharge
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/022—Anodisation on selected surface areas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/06—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used
- C25D11/08—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used containing inorganic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/18—After-treatment, e.g. pore-sealing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a self-lubricating composite ceramic layer on the surface of an aluminum alloy, which relates to the technical field of micro-arc oxidation and comprises the following steps: s1, preparing electrolyte, putting the electrolyte into an electrolyte tank, adding solid functional particles into the electrolyte, wherein the solid functional particles comprise W particles and Pb particles; s2, connecting a high-pressure pump in the electrolyte tank through a pipeline, wherein the high-pressure pump is connected with an electrolyte sprayer; s3, electrically connecting the part to be subjected to micro-arc oxidation with an output anode of a pulse power supply, and electrically connecting an electrolyte spray head with an output cathode of the pulse power supply; s4, adjusting the electrolyte spray head to enable the electrolyte spray head to always face the part to be subjected to micro-arc oxidation, and performing maintenance oxidation treatment to finally form a micro-arc oxidation metal ceramic layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy, wherein the micro-arc oxidation metal ceramic layer contains PbW04A surface layer. The invention has the advantages of preventing energy waste, improving mechanical property and fatigue strength and forming a composite structure layer with self-lubricating property.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of micro-arc oxidation, in particular to a preparation method of a self-lubricating composite ceramic layer on the surface of an aluminum alloy.
Background
The formation of the ceramic layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy needs micro-arc oxidation treatment, which is also called micro-plasma surface ceramic technology, is a new high-voltage plasma-assisted anodic oxidation process, and is characterized in that on the basis of common anodic oxidation, arc discharge is utilized to enhance and activate the reaction generated on an anode, and the interaction between metal on the surface of a section and electrolyte solution is realized, so that a stable strengthened ceramic film layer is formed in situ under the action of factors such as high temperature, electric field and the like by micro-arc discharge on the surface of valve metal such as aluminum, magnesium, titanium and the like and alloy materials thereof. Compared with the common anodic oxidation technology, the micro-arc oxidation treatment technology has simple process, easy control and high treatment efficiency, and the surface oxide film prepared by the technology has compact structure, good combination with a matrix and excellent comprehensive mechanical property. Although the micro-arc oxidation technology on the surface of the aluminum alloy has the advantages, the technical disadvantage of the micro-arc oxidation greatly limits the further application of the micro-arc oxidation technology: firstly, the arc discharge in the micro-arc oxidation process needs larger current and voltage, so that the energy consumption of the micro-arc oxidation in unit area is large, and huge energy is consumed when the integral micro-arc oxidation treatment of the surface of a large-size workpiece is realized; secondly, because the metal surface after micro-arc oxidation has residual tensile stress, the residual tensile stress can cause microcosmic geometric discontinuity of an oxidized part, a fatigue crack source is easy to form and stress corrosion is caused, so that the fatigue reliability and the fatigue life of the aluminum alloy surface are reduced, the stress corrosion resistance is poor, and the fatigue strength and the structural bearing capacity are reduced; and thirdly, the micro-arc oxidation only generates a single-component oxide ceramic layer on the basis of the original matrix material, and the function is single.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of an aluminum alloy surface self-lubricating composite ceramic layer, which is characterized in that when micro-arc oxidation is carried out, solid functional particles with W particles and Pb particles are ejected, so that on one hand, compressive stress is formed on the surface of a base material, the mechanical property and the fatigue strength of a finally formed composite structure layer are effectively improved, on the other hand, various solid functional particles are added into the micro-arc oxidation ceramic layer, and the surface of the base material forms complicated PbW 0-containing composite ceramic layer4The composite structure layer of the surface layer has a self-lubricating function, the whole method is greatly improved for the corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the surface of a workpiece made of a common material and the remanufacturing technology, and the application range of the micro-arc oxidation technology is greatly expanded.
A preparation method of an aluminum alloy surface self-lubricating composite ceramic layer comprises the following steps: s1, preparing electrolyte, putting the electrolyte into an electrolyte tank, adding solid functional particles into the electrolyte, wherein the solid functional particles comprise W particles and Pb particles; s2, connecting a high-pressure pump in the electrolyte tank through a pipeline, wherein the high-pressure pump is connected with an electrolyte sprayer and can discharge the electrolyte containing the solid functional particles from the electrolyte sprayer; s3, electrically connecting the part to be subjected to micro-arc oxidation with an output anode of a pulse power supply, and electrically connecting an electrolyte spray head with an output cathode of the pulse power supply; s4, adjusting an electrolyte spray head to enable the electrolyte spray head to face a part to be subjected to micro-arc oxidation all the time, adjusting parameters of a high-pressure pump parameter pulse power supply, switching on the power supply, performing maintenance oxidation treatment, and finally forming a micro-arc oxidation metal ceramic layer containing PbW0 on the surface of the aluminum alloy4A surface layer. Entire micro-arcThe oxidation process is as follows: micro-arc oxidation can not directly form a film on the surface of carbon steel, so an aluminum-based film (aluminum or aluminum alloy film) is required to be prepared on the surface of the carbon steel firstly, then a reinforced ceramic film is prepared on the surface of the aluminum-based film by micro-arc oxidation, electrolyte is sprayed out through a spray head, solid functional particles directly hit the surface of the aluminum alloy, then the aluminum alloy is electrically connected with an output anode of a pulse power supply through a part to be subjected to micro-arc oxidation, the electrolyte spray head is electrically connected with an output cathode of the pulse power supply, the electrolyte can be ensured to realize local maintenance oxidation, when forward current flows, the aluminum alloy reacts with oxygen generated by water electrolysis to form a thin amorphous aluminum oxide layer on the surface of a workpiece, as the formed aluminum oxide is non-conductive, the surface resistance of the workpiece is increased, the formed aluminum oxide film is required to be punctured continuously by increasing voltage, the corresponding current density can be maintained, and the reaction is promoted to be continuously carried out, along with the continuous thickening of the alumina layer on the surface of the workpiece, the surface resistance is continuously increased, and the voltage is also required to be correspondingly and continuously increased so as to continuously break through the alumina film to maintain the reaction. When the forward voltage reaches a certain value, spark discharge is generated at the moment of breaking through the aluminum oxide film, along with the continuous rise of the voltage, electric sparks are distributed on the whole surface of the workpiece, the temperature of the spark discharge position can reach thousands of degrees instantly, aluminum or aluminum alloy on the surface layer of the workpiece and an amorphous aluminum oxide thin layer formed in the early stage are rapidly melted at high temperature and simultaneously undergo violent reaction with oxygen generated by water electrolysis to form molten aluminum oxide, the molten aluminum oxide is rapidly solidified on the surface of the workpiece under the chilling of the solution, Pb particles and W particles rapidly undergo oxidation reaction with water, and PbW0 is formed on the surface of the workpiece4Surface layer for blocking discharge channel to interrupt discharge and extinguish spark, and crystalline alumina ceramic layer formed by cooling and solidifying to cover the whole workpiece surface and PbW04The surface layer is wrapped with a ceramic layer to form a composite structure layer with a self-lubricating function.
Preferably, the electrolyte is KOH or H3BO3And Na2Si03Is prepared by dissolving mixed electrolyte in distilled water, and adding W particles and Pb particles respectively according to the proportion of 200-250 g/L, wherein the concentration of KOH in the electrolyte is 5.5E6g/L、H3B03Has a concentration of 13 to 14g/L, Na2Si03The concentration of (b) is 3.5-4 g/L. Using KOH, H3B03And Na2Si03The mixed electrolyte is dissolved in distilled water to obtain slightly alkaline electrolyte, preferably with KOH concentration of 5.8g/L, H3B03Has a concentration of 13.5g/L, Na2Si03Was added in a ratio of 200g/L and 250g/L to the W particles and Pb particles, respectively.
Preferably, the solid functional particles are ceramic particles, metal particles, or a combination thereof. The solid functional particles can be selected manually according to requirements, and the finally formed composite structure layer has preset solid functional particles, so that the corresponding functions can be met.
Preferably, the voltage of the pulse power supply is 850-900V, the electrolytic current density is controlled to be 36-40A/dm 2, and the temperature of the electrolyte is controlled to be 35-45 ℃ in the reaction process. The most preferable pulse power supply has the voltage of 850V, the electrolytic current density is controlled at 38A/dm2, and the temperature of the electrolyte is controlled at 40 ℃ in the reaction process; meanwhile, the water pressure formed by the whole high-pressure pump is more than or equal to 35 MPa.
Preferably, the thickness of the micro-arc oxidation metal ceramic layer is between 90 and 100 mu m. Due to the presence of PbW04The thickness of the metal ceramic layer formed by micro-arc oxidation is more than 90 mu m.
Preferably, the electrolyte sprayer is connected with an automatic control device, the automatic control device is provided with adjusting parameters, and the adjusting parameters comprise the initial position, the advancing direction and each advancing distance in the advancing direction of the movable cathode sprayer. Through the automatic control device, the spray head can be moved intelligently, and the local micro-arc oxidation can be moved, so that the practicability and the reliability of the micro-arc oxidation processing on a large-size workpiece are improved.
Preferably, after the micro-arc oxidation processing is completed, the surface of the aluminum alloy is cleaned, and then is dried after the cleaning. And cleaning the whole large-size workpiece subjected to local micro-arc oxidation to thoroughly clean the residual electrolyte and the residual solid functional particles on the surface of the coating, and then drying or air-drying the workpiece.
Preferably, the cleaning step is: the ceramic layer part is immersed in the cleaning agent for 3-15min and then cleaned by water with the temperature of 55-65 ℃. And the residual electrolyte is fully removed by a cleaning agent, and then the cleaning agent is cleaned by warm water, so that the residual electrolyte and the residual solid functional particles are fully removed.
Preferably, after the surface of the aluminum alloy is cleaned, the aluminum alloy is placed in an environment of 80-105 ℃ for drying. It is not suitable for drying in high temperature environment, and the optimum temperature is 85 deg.C.
Preferably, the surface of the aluminum alloy after being cleaned and dried is subjected to grinding and polishing treatment according to preset requirements. After the aluminum alloy workpiece is cleaned and dried, according to the use requirement or the processing requirement, the micro-arc oxidation part on the surface of the aluminum alloy workpiece needs to be subjected to corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant treatment.
The invention provides a preparation method of an aluminum alloy surface self-lubricating composite ceramic layer, which can realize targeted local micro-arc oxidation and avoid energy waste, and utilizes a high-pressure pump to spray solid functional particles containing Pb particles and W particles along with electrolyte, on one hand, the solid functional particles can directly hit the surface layer of a part to be micro-arc oxidized, and plastic strengthening treatment can be effectively carried out along with the micro-arc oxidation process on the local metal surface, so that positive pressure is improved, partial tensile stress generated by micro-arc oxidation is counteracted through the compressive stress generated by plastic strengthening in the formation of a composite layer, even all the tensile stress can be counteracted, the compressive stress still remains on the surface of a workpiece under the composite layer formed after the composite treatment, the mechanical property and the fatigue strength are effectively improved, on the other hand, in the micro-arc oxidation formation process, the solid functional particles can participate in micro-arc oxidation and form a new reinforced particle containing PbW04The micro-arc oxidation ceramic layer on the surface layer forms a composite structure layer with a self-lubricating function, the whole method greatly improves the corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the surface of a workpiece made of common materials and the remanufacturing technology, and the application range of the micro-arc oxidation technology is greatly expanded.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention presented herein is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters refer to like items below, and thus once an item is defined, it need not be further defined and explained later. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish one description from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "inside", "outside", "upper", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the illustrated orientations or positional relationships, or orientations or positional relationships that are conventionally placed when the products of the present invention are used, and are only used for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements that are referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
A preparation method of an aluminum alloy surface self-lubricating composite ceramic layer comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing electrolyte, putting the electrolyte into an electrolyte tank, adding solid functional particles into the electrolyte, wherein the solid functional particles comprise W particles and Pb particles;
s2, connecting a high-pressure pump in the electrolyte tank through a pipeline, wherein the high-pressure pump is connected with an electrolyte sprayer and can discharge the electrolyte containing the solid functional particles from the electrolyte sprayer;
s3, electrically connecting the part to be subjected to micro-arc oxidation with an output anode of a pulse power supply, and electrically connecting an electrolyte spray head with an output cathode of the pulse power supply;
s4, adjusting an electrolyte spray head to enable the electrolyte spray head to face a part to be subjected to micro-arc oxidation all the time, adjusting parameters of a high-pressure pump parameter pulse power supply, switching on the power supply, performing maintenance oxidation treatment, and finally forming a micro-arc oxidation metal ceramic layer containing PbW0 on the surface of the aluminum alloy4A surface layer.
In the embodiment, it should be noted that, in the entire micro-arc oxidation process, the targeted local micro-arc oxidation can be realized, the energy waste is avoided, the high-pressure pump is used to eject the solid functional particles containing Pb particles and W particles along with the electrolyte, on the one hand, the solid functional particles can directly hit the surface layer of the part to be micro-arc oxidized, the plastic strengthening treatment during the micro-arc oxidation process of the local metal surface can be effectively realized, and thus the positive pressure is increased, the tensile stress generated by micro-arc oxidation is offset by the compressive stress generated by plastic strengthening in the formed composite layer, even the whole tensile stress can be offset, so that the compressive stress is still left on the surface of the workpiece below the composite layer formed after the composite treatment, the mechanical property and the fatigue strength are effectively improved, on the other hand, during the formation of micro-arc oxidation, the solid functional particles can participate in micro-arc oxidation and form a new strengthened and PbW 0-containing material.4The micro-arc oxidation ceramic layer on the surface layer forms a composite structure layer with a self-lubricating function, the whole method greatly improves the corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the surface of a workpiece made of common materials and the remanufacturing technology, and the application range of the micro-arc oxidation technology is greatly expanded.
The whole micro-arc oxidation process is as follows: the micro-arc oxidation can not directly form a film on the surface of the carbon steel, so that an aluminum-based film (aluminum or aluminum alloy film) is prepared on the surface of the carbon steel firstly, then a reinforced ceramic film is prepared on the surface of the aluminum-based film by utilizing the micro-arc oxidation, electrolyte is sprayed out through a spray head, and a solid state is formedFunctional particles directly impact the surface of the aluminum alloy, then the part to be subjected to micro-arc oxidation is electrically connected with an output anode of a pulse power supply, an electrolyte spray head is electrically connected with an output cathode of the pulse power supply, so that the electrolyte can realize local maintenance oxidation, when a forward current flows, the aluminum alloy reacts with oxygen generated by water electrolysis to form a thin amorphous aluminum oxide layer on the surface of a workpiece, the surface resistance of the workpiece is increased due to the fact that the formed aluminum oxide is non-conductive, the formed aluminum oxide film is required to be punctured by continuously increasing voltage, the corresponding current density can be maintained, the reaction is promoted to continue to be carried out, along with the continuous thickening of the aluminum oxide layer on the surface of the workpiece, the surface resistance is continuously increased, the voltage is also required to be correspondingly and continuously increased, and the aluminum oxide film is continuously punctured to maintain the reaction. When the forward voltage reaches a certain value, spark discharge is generated at the moment of breaking through the aluminum oxide film, along with the continuous rise of the voltage, electric sparks are distributed on the whole surface of the workpiece, the temperature of the spark discharge position can reach thousands of degrees instantly, aluminum or aluminum alloy on the surface layer of the workpiece and an amorphous aluminum oxide thin layer formed in the early stage are rapidly melted at high temperature and simultaneously undergo violent reaction with oxygen generated by water electrolysis to form molten aluminum oxide, the molten aluminum oxide is rapidly solidified on the surface of the workpiece under the chilling of the solution, Pb particles and W particles rapidly undergo oxidation reaction with water, and PbW0 is formed on the surface of the workpiece4Surface layer for blocking discharge channel to interrupt discharge and extinguish spark, and crystalline alumina ceramic layer formed by cooling and solidifying to cover the whole workpiece surface and PbW04The surface layer is wrapped with a ceramic layer to form a composite structure layer with a self-lubricating function.
Specifically, the electrolyte is KOH or H3B03And Na2Si03Is prepared by dissolving the mixed electrolyte in distilled water, and respectively adding W particles and Pb particles according to the proportion of 200g to 250g/L, wherein the concentration of KOH in the electrolyte is 5.5 to 6g/L, H3B03Has a concentration of 13 to 14g/L, Na2Si03The concentration of (b) is 3.5-4 g/L.
In the present embodiment, KOH and H are used3B03And Na2Si03The mixed electrolyte is dissolved in distilled water to obtain slightly alkaline electrolyte, preferably with KOH concentration of 5.8g/L, H3B03Has a concentration of 13.5g/L, Na2Si03Was added in a ratio of 200g/L and 250g/L to the W particles and Pb particles, respectively.
Specifically, the solid functional particles are ceramic particles, metal particles or a combination of the ceramic particles and the metal particles.
In this embodiment, it should be noted that the solid functional particles may be added by human selection according to the requirement, and the finally formed composite structure layer has the preset solid functional particles, so as to satisfy the corresponding functions.
Specifically, the voltage of the pulse power supply is 850-900V, the electrolytic current density is controlled to be 36-40A/dm 2, and the temperature of the electrolyte is controlled to be 35-45 ℃ in the reaction process.
In this embodiment, it should be noted that the most preferable pulse power supply has a voltage of 850V, an electrolytic current density of 38A/dm2, and an electrolyte temperature of 40 ℃ during the reaction; meanwhile, the water pressure formed by the whole high-pressure pump is more than or equal to 35MPa
Specifically, the thickness of the micro-arc oxidation metal ceramic layer is between 90 and 100 mu m.
In the present embodiment, the thickness of the cermet layer formed by micro-arc oxidation is 90 μm or more because of the presence of the solid functional particles.
Specifically, the electrolyte sprayer is connected with an automatic control device, and the automatic control device is provided with adjusting parameters, wherein the adjusting parameters comprise the initial position, the advancing direction and the advancing distance of the mobile cathode sprayer in the advancing direction.
In this embodiment, it should be noted that, by using the automatic control device, the nozzle can be moved intelligently, and the local micro-arc oxidation can be moved, so as to improve the practicability and reliability of the micro-arc oxidation processing on the large-sized workpiece.
Specifically, after the micro-arc oxidation processing is completed, the surface of the aluminum alloy is cleaned, and then is dried.
In this embodiment, it should be noted that the whole large-sized workpiece after the partial micro-arc oxidation is cleaned, the residual electrolyte and the residual solid functional particles on the surface of the plating layer are thoroughly cleaned, and then the plating layer is dried or air-dried.
Specifically, the cleaning steps are as follows: the ceramic layer part is immersed in the cleaning agent for 3-15min and then cleaned by water with the temperature of 55-65 ℃.
In this embodiment, the residual electrolyte is sufficiently removed by a cleaning agent, and then, the cleaning is performed with warm water, so that the residual electrolyte and the residual solid functional particles are sufficiently removed.
Specifically, after the surface of the aluminum alloy is cleaned, the aluminum alloy is placed in an environment of 80-105 ℃ for drying.
In this embodiment, it is not preferable to dry the substrate in an environment with a high temperature, and the optimum temperature is 85 ℃.
Specifically, the surface of the cleaned and dried aluminum alloy is polished according to preset requirements.
In this embodiment, after the aluminum alloy workpiece is cleaned and dried, the micro-arc oxidized part of the surface of the aluminum alloy workpiece needs to be subjected to corrosion resistance and wear resistance treatment according to the use requirement or the processing requirement.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included in the following claims and description.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy surface self-lubricating composite ceramic layer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, preparing electrolyte, putting the electrolyte into an electrolyte tank, adding solid functional particles into the electrolyte, wherein the solid functional particles comprise W particles and Pb particles, and the electrolyte is KOH or H3BO3And Na2SiO3Is prepared by dissolving the mixed electrolyte in distilled water, and respectively adding W particles and Pb particles according to the proportion of 200g to 250g/L, wherein the concentration of KOH in the electrolyte is 5.5 to 6g/L, H3BO3Has a concentration of 13 to 14g/L, Na2SiO3The concentration of (A) is 3.5-4 g/L;
s2, connecting a high-pressure pump in the electrolyte tank through a pipeline, wherein the high-pressure pump is connected with an electrolyte sprayer and can discharge the electrolyte containing the solid functional particles from the electrolyte sprayer;
s3, electrically connecting the part to be subjected to micro-arc oxidation with an output anode of a pulse power supply, and electrically connecting an electrolyte spray head with an output cathode of the pulse power supply;
s4, adjusting an electrolyte spray head to enable the electrolyte spray head to face a part to be subjected to micro-arc oxidation all the time, adjusting parameters of a high-pressure pump parameter pulse power supply, switching on the power supply, performing maintenance oxidation treatment, and finally forming a micro-arc oxidation metal ceramic layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy, wherein the micro-arc oxidation metal ceramic layer contains PbWO4The voltage of the pulse power supply is 850-900V, and the electrolytic current density is controlled to be 36-40A/dm2And controlling the temperature of the electrolyte at 35-45 ℃ in the reaction process.
2. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy surface self-lubricating composite ceramic layer according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the micro-arc oxidized metal ceramic layer is between 90 and 100 μm.
3. The method for preparing the self-lubricating composite ceramic layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte spray head is connected with an automatic control device, and the automatic control device is provided with adjusting parameters, wherein the adjusting parameters comprise an initial position, a traveling direction and a traveling distance of each time in the traveling direction of the movable cathode spray head.
4. The method for preparing the self-lubricating composite ceramic layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the surface of the aluminum alloy is cleaned after the micro-arc oxidation processing is completed, and is dried after the cleaning.
5. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy surface self-lubricating composite ceramic layer according to claim 4, wherein the cleaning step is as follows: the ceramic layer part is immersed in the cleaning agent for 3-15min and then cleaned by water with the temperature of 55-65 ℃.
6. The method for preparing the self-lubricating composite ceramic layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy according to claim 5, wherein the aluminum alloy surface is dried at 80-105 ℃ after being cleaned.
7. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy surface self-lubricating composite ceramic layer according to claim 4, wherein the aluminum alloy surface after being cleaned and dried is subjected to grinding and polishing treatment according to preset requirements.
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