CN111925154A - Wall surface insulation board based on ceramic fibers and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Wall surface insulation board based on ceramic fibers and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
- C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B26/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B26/16—Polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/62227—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products obtaining fibres
- C04B35/62231—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products obtaining fibres based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/6225—Fibres based on zirconium oxide, e.g. zirconates such as PZT
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00008—Obtaining or using nanotechnology related materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/30—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
- C04B2201/32—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
Abstract
The invention discloses a ceramic fiber-based wall surface insulation board which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of zirconia ceramic fiber, 10-20 parts of nano silicon dioxide, 30-45 parts of perlite, 10-20 parts of polyurethane glue, 5-10 parts of cross-linking agent and 5-8 parts of dispersing agent; the invention also discloses a preparation method of the wall surface insulation board based on the ceramic fiber; according to the invention, zirconia ceramic fiber and nano-silica are used as raw materials, the zirconia ceramic fiber can endow the insulation board with excellent insulation and fire resistance performance, zirconium carbonate is insoluble in water in the preparation process, the zirconium carbonate reacts with acetic acid and then is dissolved in water, and the acetic acid is used as a reaction reagent to react with the zirconium carbonate on one hand and can be used as a complexing agent to enable molecules in sol to form linear molecules on the other hand; the weight ratio of zirconium carbonate to acetic acid is controlled to be 1: 1, and spinning solution with good performance can be formed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat insulation materials, and particularly relates to a wall surface heat insulation plate based on ceramic fibers and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The popular and easy to understand of the heat insulation plate is the plate for heat insulation of the building. The heat-insulating board is a hard foamed plastic board made up by using polystyrene resin as raw material, adding other raw auxiliary materials and polymer, heating, mixing and simultaneously injecting catalyst, then extruding and forming, and has the functions of resisting moisture and resisting water, and can reduce the thickness of exterior enclosure structure of building so as to increase indoor use area.
Heated board among the prior art generally includes planking and inner panel, and the inner panel is protected by the planking, because the heated board can set up in the wall, moisture is bigger, but because current heated board does not have the dry layer, so moisture gets into the inner panel easily, makes the heated board damage easily.
The Chinese invention patent CN106499072A discloses a waterproof insulation board, which is characterized in that the insulation board comprises a first insulation board and a second insulation board, the first insulation board further comprises a first joint, the first joint and the first insulation board form an L-shaped step, the second insulation board further comprises a second joint, and the second joint and the second insulation board form an L-shaped step; the first heat-insulation plate and the second heat-insulation plate are composed of an outer plate and an inner plate, the outer plate wraps the inner plate, the outer plate comprises a hydrophobic layer, an outer protection plate, a vacuum layer and a drying layer, and the vacuum layer is located between the outer protection plate and the drying layer; the hydrophobic layer is located above the outer protective plate.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical problems, the invention provides a wall surface insulation board based on ceramic fibers and a preparation method thereof.
According to the invention, the weight ratio of zirconium carbonate to acetic acid is controlled to be 1: 1, so that a spinning solution with good performance can be formed, the situation that the content of acetic acid is too high, the content of organic matters in fibers after spinning is too high, the organic matters are eliminated to generate defects in the heat treatment process, the strength of the fibers is reduced, the situation that the content of zirconium is too high, the molecular chains of polymers are aggregated, the density of colloidal particles is increased, collision is easy to occur between the colloidal particles, the cross-linking probability is increased, and the viscosity of sol can be increased and the colloidal particles are promoted to be uniformly dispersed by adding polyvinylpyrrolidone.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a wall insulation board based on ceramic fibers is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of zirconia ceramic fiber, 10-20 parts of nano silicon dioxide, 30-45 parts of perlite, 10-20 parts of polyurethane glue, 5-10 parts of cross-linking agent and 5-8 parts of dispersing agent;
the wall surface heat-insulation board based on the ceramic fiber is prepared by the following method:
firstly, mixing and grinding zirconia ceramic fiber, perlite and nano silicon dioxide, sieving by a 100-mesh sieve, then adding a dispersing agent and a cross-linking agent, uniformly mixing, adding polyurethane glue, heating in a water bath at 45 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, adding deionized water, and stirring at the rotating speed of 120r/min for 45 minutes to prepare mixed slurry;
and step two, pouring the mixed slurry obtained in the step S2 into a mold, controlling the temperature of the mold to be 110-125 ℃, pouring the mixed slurry into blocks by using the mold, then placing the blocks into a curing field, preserving heat and curing for 3 days at the temperature of 30 ℃, demolding, and foaming and shaping to obtain the wall surface heat-insulating plate with the thickness of 15-25 mm.
Further, the cross-linking agent is one or two of KH550 and KH 560.
Further, the dispersing agent is one or more of triethyl hexyl phosphoric acid, sodium dodecyl sulfate and methyl amyl alcohol.
Further, the zirconia ceramic fiber is prepared by the following method:
(1) adding zirconium carbonate and acetic acid into deionized water, stirring at constant speed for 10min to obtain a mixed solution A, adding yttrium nitrate, heating in a water bath at 50 ℃, stirring at a rotating speed of 120r/min for 30min, adding polyvinylpyrrolidone, heating to 65 ℃, stirring at constant speed until the polyvinylpyrrolidone is completely dissolved, and distilling at reduced pressure at the temperature to obtain a spinning solution;
(2) and (2) carrying out electrostatic spinning on the prepared spinning solution, controlling the spinning voltage to be 22-25kV, the curing distance to be 8-10cm, the advancing speed to be 0.5-1.0mL/h and the spinning temperature to be 35-50 ℃ to prepare precursor fiber, carrying out heat treatment on the precursor fiber, controlling the temperature to rise to 350 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, then rising to 550 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min, then rising to 780 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 2h at the temperature, then rising to 1200 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 1h to prepare the zirconium oxide ceramic fiber.
In the step (1), zirconium carbonate is insoluble in water, zirconium carbonate reacts with acetic acid and then is dissolved in water, and the acetic acid is used as a reaction reagent to react with the zirconium carbonate on one hand and can be used as a complexing agent to enable molecules in the sol to form linear molecules on the other hand; the weight ratio of zirconium carbonate to acetic acid is controlled to be 1: 1, so that a spinning solution with good performance can be formed, the situation that the content of acetic acid is too high, the content of organic matters in fibers after spinning is too high, the elimination of the organic matters generates defects in the heat treatment process, the strength of the fibers is reduced, the situation that the content of zirconium is too high, molecular chains of polymers are aggregated can be prevented, the density of colloidal particles is increased, collision is easy to occur between the colloidal particles, the cross-linking probability is increased, the viscosity of colloidal sol can be increased by adding polyvinylpyrrolidone, the colloidal particles are promoted to be uniformly dispersed, the aggregation of the colloidal particles is further inhibited, and the stability of a system is improved; and (3) controlling the spinning voltage to be 22-25kV in the step (2), because part of the bead strings are collapsed and form a sac-like structure in the spinning process, the bead string structure can be reduced by enhancing the spinning voltage, and the stability of the zirconia ceramic fiber is enhanced.
Further, in the step (1), the weight ratio of the zirconium carbonate, the acetic acid, the deionized water, the yttrium nitrate and the polyvinylpyrrolidone is controlled to be 1: 10: 0.6: 0.1.
A preparation method of a wall insulation board based on ceramic fibers comprises the following steps:
firstly, mixing and grinding zirconia ceramic fiber, perlite and nano silicon dioxide, sieving by a 100-mesh sieve, then adding a dispersing agent and a cross-linking agent, uniformly mixing, adding polyurethane glue, heating in a water bath at 45 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, adding deionized water, and stirring at the rotating speed of 120r/min for 45 minutes to prepare mixed slurry;
and step two, pouring the mixed slurry obtained in the step S2 into a mold, controlling the temperature of the mold to be 110-125 ℃, pouring the mixed slurry into blocks by using the mold, then placing the blocks into a curing field, preserving heat and curing for 3 days at the temperature of 30 ℃, demolding, and foaming and shaping to obtain the wall surface heat-insulating plate with the thickness of 15-25 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the wall insulation board based on the ceramic fibers, the zirconia ceramic fibers and the nano-silica are used as raw materials, the zirconia ceramic fibers can endow the insulation board with excellent insulation and fire resistance performance, in the preparation process, in the step (1), the zirconium carbonate is insoluble in water, the zirconium carbonate reacts with acetic acid and then is dissolved in water, and the acetic acid is used as a reaction reagent to react with the zirconium carbonate on one hand and can be used as a complexing agent to enable molecules in sol to form linear molecules on the other hand; the weight ratio of zirconium carbonate to acetic acid is controlled to be 1: 1, so that a spinning solution with good performance can be formed, the situation that the content of acetic acid is too high, the content of organic matters in fibers after spinning is too high, the elimination of the organic matters generates defects in the heat treatment process, the strength of the fibers is reduced, the situation that the content of zirconium is too high, molecular chains of polymers are aggregated can be prevented, the density of colloidal particles is increased, collision is easy to occur between the colloidal particles, the cross-linking probability is increased, the viscosity of colloidal sol can be increased by adding polyvinylpyrrolidone, the colloidal particles are promoted to be uniformly dispersed, the aggregation of the colloidal particles is further inhibited, and the stability of a system is improved; and (3) controlling the spinning voltage to be 22-25kV in the step (2), because part of the bead strings are collapsed and form a bag-shaped structure in the spinning process, the bead string structure can be reduced by enhancing the spinning voltage, the stability of the zirconia ceramic fiber is enhanced, and the insulation board can be endowed with excellent stability.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A wall insulation board based on ceramic fibers is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of zirconia ceramic fiber, 10 parts of nano silicon dioxide, 30 parts of perlite, 10 parts of polyurethane adhesive, 5 parts of KH550 and 5 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfate;
the wall surface heat-insulation board based on the ceramic fiber is prepared by the following method:
firstly, mixing and grinding zirconia ceramic fiber, perlite and nano silicon dioxide, sieving by a 100-mesh sieve, then adding sodium dodecyl sulfate and KH550, uniformly mixing, adding polyurethane glue, heating in a water bath at 45 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, adding deionized water, and stirring at the rotating speed of 120r/min for 45 minutes to prepare mixed slurry;
and step two, pouring the mixed slurry obtained in the step S2 into a mold, controlling the temperature of the mold to be 110 ℃, pouring the mixed slurry into blocks by using the mold, putting the blocks into a curing field, preserving heat for curing for 3 days at the temperature of 30 ℃, demolding, and foaming and shaping to obtain the wall surface heat-insulating plate with the thickness of 20 mm.
The zirconia ceramic fiber is prepared by the following method:
(1) adding zirconium carbonate and acetic acid into deionized water, stirring at a constant speed for 10min to prepare a mixed solution A, adding yttrium nitrate, heating in a water bath at 50 ℃, stirring at a rotating speed of 120r/min for 30min, adding polyvinylpyrrolidone, heating to 65 ℃, stirring at a constant speed until the polyvinylpyrrolidone is completely dissolved, distilling at the temperature under reduced pressure to prepare a spinning solution, and controlling the weight ratio of the zirconium carbonate to the acetic acid to the deionized water to the yttrium nitrate to the polyvinylpyrrolidone to be 1: 10: 0.6: 0.1;
(2) and (2) carrying out electrostatic spinning on the prepared spinning solution, controlling the spinning voltage to be 22kV, the curing distance to be 8cm, the advancing speed to be 0.5mL/h and the spinning temperature to be 35 ℃, preparing precursor fiber, carrying out heat treatment on the precursor fiber, controlling the temperature to rise to 350 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, then raising the temperature to 550 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min, then raising the temperature to 780 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 2h at the temperature, then raising the temperature to 1200 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 1h to prepare the zirconium oxide ceramic fiber.
Example 2
A wall insulation board based on ceramic fibers is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 28 parts of zirconia ceramic fiber, 14 parts of nano silicon dioxide, 35 parts of perlite, 12 parts of polyurethane adhesive, 6 parts of KH550 and 6 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfate;
the wall surface heat-insulation board based on the ceramic fiber is prepared by the following method:
firstly, mixing and grinding zirconia ceramic fiber, perlite and nano silicon dioxide, sieving by a 100-mesh sieve, then adding sodium dodecyl sulfate and KH550, uniformly mixing, adding polyurethane glue, heating in a water bath at 45 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, adding deionized water, and stirring at the rotating speed of 120r/min for 45 minutes to prepare mixed slurry;
and step two, pouring the mixed slurry obtained in the step S2 into a mold, controlling the temperature of the mold to be 110 ℃, pouring the mixed slurry into blocks by using the mold, putting the blocks into a curing field, preserving heat for curing for 3 days at the temperature of 30 ℃, demolding, and foaming and shaping to obtain the wall surface heat-insulating plate with the thickness of 20 mm.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Example 3
A wall insulation board based on ceramic fibers is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of zirconia ceramic fiber, 16 parts of nano silicon dioxide, 40 parts of perlite, 16 parts of polyurethane adhesive, 8 parts of KH550 and 8 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfate;
the wall surface heat-insulation board based on the ceramic fiber is prepared by the following method:
firstly, mixing and grinding zirconia ceramic fiber, perlite and nano silicon dioxide, sieving by a 100-mesh sieve, then adding sodium dodecyl sulfate and KH550, uniformly mixing, adding polyurethane glue, heating in a water bath at 45 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, adding deionized water, and stirring at the rotating speed of 120r/min for 45 minutes to prepare mixed slurry;
and step two, pouring the mixed slurry obtained in the step S2 into a mold, controlling the temperature of the mold to be 110 ℃, pouring the mixed slurry into blocks by using the mold, putting the blocks into a curing field, preserving heat for curing for 3 days at the temperature of 30 ℃, demolding, and foaming and shaping to obtain the wall surface heat-insulating plate with the thickness of 20 mm.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Example 4
A wall insulation board based on ceramic fibers is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of zirconia ceramic fiber, 20 parts of nano silicon dioxide, 45 parts of perlite, 20 parts of polyurethane adhesive, 10 parts of KH550 and 8 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfate;
the wall surface heat-insulation board based on the ceramic fiber is prepared by the following method:
firstly, mixing and grinding zirconia ceramic fiber, perlite and nano silicon dioxide, sieving by a 100-mesh sieve, then adding sodium dodecyl sulfate and KH550, uniformly mixing, adding polyurethane glue, heating in a water bath at 45 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, adding deionized water, and stirring at the rotating speed of 120r/min for 45 minutes to prepare mixed slurry;
and step two, pouring the mixed slurry obtained in the step S2 into a mold, controlling the temperature of the mold to be 110 ℃, pouring the mixed slurry into blocks by using the mold, putting the blocks into a curing field, preserving heat for curing for 3 days at the temperature of 30 ℃, demolding, and foaming and shaping to obtain the wall surface heat-insulating plate with the thickness of 20 mm.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 1
In comparison with example 1, the comparative example was prepared without adding zirconia ceramic fibers as follows:
firstly, mixing and grinding perlite and nano silicon dioxide, sieving the mixture by a 100-mesh sieve, then adding sodium dodecyl sulfate and KH550, uniformly mixing, adding polyurethane glue, heating the mixture in a water bath at 45 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, adding deionized water, and stirring the mixture for 45 minutes at the rotating speed of 120r/min to prepare mixed slurry;
and step two, pouring the mixed slurry obtained in the step S2 into a mold, controlling the temperature of the mold to be 110 ℃, pouring the mixed slurry into blocks by using the mold, putting the blocks into a curing field, preserving heat for curing for 3 days at the temperature of 30 ℃, demolding, and foaming and shaping to obtain the wall surface heat-insulating plate with the thickness of 20 mm.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example is a wall heated board in the market.
| Thermal conductivity W/(m.K) | Water absorption% | Compressive strength MPa | |
| Example 1 | 0.022 | 2.6 | 2.55 |
| Example 2 | 0.024 | 2.2 | 2.58 |
| Example 3 | 0.031 | 2.5 | 2.68 |
| Example 4 | 0.028 | 2.3 | 2.68 |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.180 | 3.8 | 1.23 |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.198 | 4.0 | 1.25 |
As can be seen from the above table, the thermal conductivity of examples 1 to 4 is 0.022 to 0.031W/(m.K), the water absorption is 2.2 to 2.6%, the compressive strength is 2.55 to 2.68MPa, the thermal conductivity of comparative examples 1 to 2 is 0.180 to 0.198W/(m.K), the water absorption is 3.8 to 4.0%, and the compressive strength is 1.23 to 1.25 MPa; therefore, the zirconia ceramic fiber and the nano-silica are used as raw materials, and the zirconia ceramic fiber can endow the heat-insulating board with excellent heat-insulating performance.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing is illustrative and explanatory only and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments described, and various modifications, additions, and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention or exceeding the scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A wall insulation board based on ceramic fibers is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of zirconia ceramic fiber, 10-20 parts of nano silicon dioxide, 30-45 parts of perlite, 10-20 parts of polyurethane glue, 5-10 parts of cross-linking agent and 5-8 parts of dispersing agent;
the wall surface heat-insulation board based on the ceramic fiber is prepared by the following method:
firstly, mixing and grinding zirconia ceramic fiber, perlite and nano silicon dioxide, sieving by a 100-mesh sieve, then adding a dispersing agent and a cross-linking agent, uniformly mixing, adding polyurethane glue, heating in a water bath at 45 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, adding deionized water, and stirring at the rotating speed of 120r/min for 45 minutes to prepare mixed slurry;
and step two, pouring the mixed slurry obtained in the step S2 into a mold, controlling the temperature of the mold to be 110-125 ℃, pouring the mixed slurry into blocks by using the mold, then placing the blocks into a curing field, preserving heat and curing for 3 days at the temperature of 30 ℃, demolding, and foaming and shaping to obtain the wall surface heat-insulating plate with the thickness of 15-25 mm.
2. The ceramic fiber-based wall insulation board according to claim 1, wherein the cross-linking agent is one or both of KH550 and KH 560.
3. The ceramic fiber-based wall insulation board according to claim 1, wherein the dispersant is one or more of triethylhexylphosphoric acid, sodium dodecyl sulfate and methylpentanol.
4. The ceramic fiber-based wall insulation board according to claim 1, wherein the zirconia ceramic fiber is prepared by the following method:
(1) adding zirconium carbonate and acetic acid into deionized water, stirring at constant speed for 10min to obtain a mixed solution A, adding yttrium nitrate, heating in a water bath at 50 ℃, stirring at a rotating speed of 120r/min for 30min, adding polyvinylpyrrolidone, heating to 65 ℃, stirring at constant speed until the polyvinylpyrrolidone is completely dissolved, and distilling at reduced pressure at the temperature to obtain a spinning solution;
(2) and (2) carrying out electrostatic spinning on the prepared spinning solution, controlling the spinning voltage to be 22-25kV, the curing distance to be 8-10cm, the advancing speed to be 0.5-1.0mL/h and the spinning temperature to be 35-50 ℃ to prepare precursor fiber, carrying out heat treatment on the precursor fiber, controlling the temperature to rise to 350 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, then rising to 550 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min, then rising to 780 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 2h at the temperature, then rising to 1200 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 1h to prepare the zirconium oxide ceramic fiber.
5. The ceramic fiber-based wall insulation board according to claim 4, wherein the weight ratio of zirconium carbonate, acetic acid, deionized water, yttrium nitrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone in step (1) is controlled to be 1: 10: 0.6: 0.1.
6. The preparation method of the ceramic fiber-based wall insulation board according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, mixing and grinding zirconia ceramic fiber, perlite and nano silicon dioxide, sieving by a 100-mesh sieve, then adding a dispersing agent and a cross-linking agent, uniformly mixing, adding polyurethane glue, heating in a water bath at 45 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, adding deionized water, and stirring at the rotating speed of 120r/min for 45 minutes to prepare mixed slurry;
and step two, pouring the mixed slurry obtained in the step S2 into a mold, controlling the temperature of the mold to be 110-125 ℃, pouring the mixed slurry into blocks by using the mold, then placing the blocks into a curing field, preserving heat and curing for 3 days at the temperature of 30 ℃, demolding, and foaming and shaping to obtain the wall surface heat-insulating plate with the thickness of 15-25 mm.
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