CN111924845A - System and method for preparing activated carbon material by using quick activation method without carbon emission - Google Patents

System and method for preparing activated carbon material by using quick activation method without carbon emission Download PDF

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CN111924845A
CN111924845A CN202010681892.1A CN202010681892A CN111924845A CN 111924845 A CN111924845 A CN 111924845A CN 202010681892 A CN202010681892 A CN 202010681892A CN 111924845 A CN111924845 A CN 111924845A
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carbon
activated carbon
carbon dioxide
flue gas
preparing
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金春江
王鲁元
孙荣峰
程星星
陈惠敏
耿文广
姜建国
员冬玲
赵改菊
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Energy Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences
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    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/30Active carbon
    • C01B32/39Apparatus for the preparation thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/30Active carbon
    • C01B32/312Preparation
    • C01B32/318Preparation characterised by the starting materials
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/30Active carbon
    • C01B32/312Preparation
    • C01B32/336Preparation characterised by gaseous activating agents

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Abstract

The invention relates to a system and a method for preparing an activated carbon material by a quick activation method without carbon emission. The method comprises the following steps: mixing and atomizing coal slurry or biomass slurry with carbon dioxide and compressed gas, and reacting to obtain activated carbon and flue gas; the coal slurry is a mixed slurry of coal powder and water, and the biomass slurry is a mixed slurry of biomass powder and water. The carbon dioxide is used as an activating agent, so that the good surface structure of the activated carbon is ensured, the activated carbon has certain mechanical strength, the growth and development of the surface pore structure of the activated carbon can be promoted through the activating action, excellent different types of activated carbon products are obtained, and the recycling of the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is realized through subsequent purification treatment and conversion treatment of the flue gas.

Description

System and method for preparing activated carbon material by using quick activation method without carbon emission
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical fields of water treatment, air purification, harmful gas removal, catalysts, catalyst carriers and the like, and particularly relates to a system and a method for preparing coal and biomass activated carbon materials by a zero-carbon-emission rapid activation method.
Background
The information in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Activated carbon (activated carbon) is a functional carbon material, and has advantages of large specific surface area, developed pore structure, high adsorption efficiency, good chemical stability, etc., so that it is widely used in various aspects of production, such as sewage treatment, gas purification, solvent recovery, etc. The raw materials for preparing the activated carbon are rich in sources, and at present, because coal is cheap and easy to obtain, and the process for preparing the biomass carbon is simple, the activated carbon plays an increasingly important role in the preparation of the activated carbon, and is one of the current research hotspots.
The traditional preparation of the activated carbon is divided into two steps: charring and activating, wherein charring is a preparation stage of activating, and activating is a core stage of activated carbon preparation. However, the existing two-step method has the defects of complex preparation process and long time, and the smoke generated in the carbon making process can not be effectively treated and utilized.
The biomass or coal is used as a raw material, and the reaction is carried out at a slow heating rate, so that the production time is prolonged.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a system and a method for preparing an activated carbon material by a zero-carbon-emission rapid activation method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, a method for preparing an activated carbon material by a rapid activation method with zero carbon emission is provided, which comprises the following steps:
mixing and atomizing the biomass suspension or coal slurry with carbon dioxide and compressed gas, and reacting to obtain activated carbon and flue gas;
the slurry is coal slurry or a mixed liquid of the coal slurry and a biomass suspension liquid, the coal slurry is a mixed liquid of coal powder and water, and the biomass suspension liquid is a mixed liquid of the biomass powder and the water.
The invention selects biomass or coal as raw material, and has low price and low input cost. In the invention, carbon dioxide is selected as an activating agent, so that carbonization and activation are simultaneously carried out, and the one-step preparation of the activated carbon is realized. The reaction principle is as follows: the pulverized coal or biomass powder can be prepared into slurry to be directly sprayed into the settling furnace, so that water vapor is saved, water is heated into water vapor in the spraying process and reacts with the pulverized coal or biomass powder and carbon dioxide, the pulverized coal or biomass prepared into slurry can effectively disperse powder particles, the contact with an activating atmosphere is enlarged, the activating efficiency is greatly improved, the feeding amount and the particle size of the activated carbon can be effectively controlled, the particle sizes of the formed activated carbon are different due to different spraying rates; the method has the advantages that the method has different atmospheres, a large amount of carbon monoxide is generated in flue gas in the preparation process of the coal or biomass activated carbon, the carbon monoxide can be oxidized into carbon dioxide by adopting an oxidant and is introduced into the settling furnace to be used as an activating atmosphere, the recycling of waste gas is realized, and for the preparation of the coal or biomass activated carbon, the adopted activating agent mainly emphasizes on the effective utilization of tail gas by adopting the carbon dioxide.
The distinction and principle of using carbon dioxide as an active agent: flue gas (the main component is CO)2) As an activator, the catalyst is activated by oxidation-reduction reaction at high temperature in contact with carbon to generate carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and other carbonThe hydrogen compound gas serves to form pores in the carbon particles by the gasification reaction ("burn-out") of the carbon.
The main chemical reaction formula is as follows:
C+2H2O 2H2+CO2—18kcal ①
C+H2O H2+CO—31kcal
CO2+C 2CO—41kcal
the three chemical reactions are all endothermic reactions, namely, the temperature of an activation reaction area of the activation furnace is gradually reduced along with the progress of the activation reaction, if the temperature of the activation area is lower than 800 ℃, the activation reaction can not be normally carried out, the activation reaction belongs to a multiphase reaction of a gas-solid phase system, the activation process comprises a physical process and a chemical process, the whole process comprises the diffusion of an activating agent in a gas phase to the outer surface of a carbonized material, the diffusion of the activating agent to the inner surface of the carbonized material, the adsorption of the activating agent by the inner and outer surfaces of the carbonized material, the gasification reaction of the surface of the carbonized material to generate an intermediate product (a surface complex), the decomposition of the intermediate product to a reaction product, the desorption of the reaction product, the diffusion of the desorbed reaction product from the inner surface of the carbonized material to the outer. The main operation conditions for controlling the activation process comprise activation temperature, activation time, flow and temperature of the activating agent, feeding speed and the like.
In a second aspect, the system and the method for preparing the activated carbon material by the quick activation method with zero carbon emission comprise a sedimentation furnace, a gas supply device and a spraying device, wherein the gas supply device is connected with the spraying device, the spraying device is connected with the sedimentation furnace, the spraying device is provided with a coal slurry inlet, and the gas supply device comprises a carbon dioxide gas supply device and a compressed gas supply device.
The slurry, the compressed gas and the carbon dioxide are atomized and then enter a settling furnace to react at a certain temperature to obtain the activated carbon, and the compressed gas and the carbon dioxide provide a reaction atmosphere together.
One or more technical schemes of the invention have the following beneficial effects:
1) the process flow for preparing the coal or biomass activated carbon is simplified. The coal or biomass activated carbon is carbonized and activated in one step in the settling furnace, two steps of carbonization and activation are not needed, and the process flow and the time are greatly shortened.
2) Using coal or biomass powder as raw material, higher temperature rise rates (100-125K s) can be used-1) The carbonization and activation time is short in the furnace, and the production time is reduced compared with the traditional two-step method.
3) The carbon dioxide is used as an activating agent, so that the good surface structure of the activated carbon is ensured, the activated carbon has certain mechanical strength, the growth and development of the surface pore structure of the activated carbon can be promoted through the activating effect, the excellent coal-based activated carbon product is obtained, and the recycling of the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is realized.
4) The prepared powdered activated carbon has excellent surface structure characteristics, and the powdered activated carbon has the characteristics of larger contact area with polluted gas, convenient storage and transportation, good adsorption effect and practical value.
5) According to the invention, through the subsequent purification treatment step and the subsequent conversion treatment step, the prepared activated carbon has zero emission, is pollution-free, clean and environment-friendly, and realizes the recycling of some harmful gases in the flue gas.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the process for preparing coal-based activated carbon by a rapid activation method with zero carbon emission;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for preparing an activated carbon material by a zero-carbon-emission rapid activation method according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1. the device comprises a settling furnace, 2, a carbon dioxide gas supply device, 3, a compressed gas supply device, 4, a spraying device, 5, a particulate matter dust remover, 6, a tar absorption liquid device, 7, a tubular furnace, 8, a heating device, 9, a fluidized bed and 10, and a feeding device.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In a first aspect, a method for preparing an activated carbon material by a rapid activation method with zero carbon emission is provided, which comprises the following steps:
mixing and atomizing the slurry with carbon dioxide and compressed gas, and reacting to obtain activated carbon and flue gas;
the slurry is coal slurry or a mixed liquid of the coal slurry and a biomass suspension liquid, the coal slurry is a mixed liquid of coal powder and water, and the biomass suspension liquid is a mixed liquid of the biomass powder and the water.
In the invention, carbon dioxide is selected as an activating agent, so that carbonization and activation are simultaneously carried out, and the one-step preparation of the activated carbon is realized. The reaction principle is that firstly, pores which are formed during carbonization but are blocked are opened, namely, at high temperature, activated gas reacts with disordered carbon atoms first. Then the opened pores are continuously enlarged, communicated and developed to the depth, and carbon atoms at the edges of the pores are easy to react with water vapor and activated gas due to the unsaturated structure, so that the pores are continuously enlarged and developed to the depth. Finally, new pores are formed, and as the activation reaction continues, new unsaturated carbon atoms or active sites are exposed on the surface, so that the new active sites can be combined with CO2The reaction proceeds and this uneven burning of the activated carbon surface continuously leads to the formation of new pores.
Compared with the reaction of carbon dioxide and water vapor with coal powder or coal, the method has the advantages that the reaction of carbon dioxide and coal slurry is adopted, on one hand, the amount of the introduced proper water vapor does not need to be calculated deliberately, only the water-coal ratio in the coal slurry needs to be calculated, and the influence on the aperture development of the activated carbon caused by too much or too little introduced water vapor is avoided; in the second aspect, carbon dioxide reacts with coal slurry in a settling furnace at high temperature, so that coal is prevented from being burnt at the moment of high temperature contact in the water gasification process, the yield of activated carbon is improved to one third from one tenth of the yield of the prior art, and the investment cost is reduced.
In some embodiments of the invention, the mass fractions of coal and biomass in the slurry are 25% to 45%, respectively.
In some embodiments of the invention, the powder in the slurry has a particle size of 60 mesh to 80 mesh. The invention selects the grain diameter in the range to prepare the active carbon with larger specific surface area, developed void structure and high adsorption efficiency. The powder is obtained by crushing, grinding and screening coal or biomass.
The compressed gas mainly provides power for slurry atomization and provides an atmosphere for preparing activated carbon, and in some embodiments of the invention, the compressed gas is nitrogen or argon, the carbon dioxide accounts for 10-40% of the volume fraction of the mixed gas, and the mixed gas comprises the carbon dioxide and the compressed gas. Preferably, the flow rate of the nitrogen is 700-900mL/min, and the volume fraction of the carbon dioxide in the mixed gas is 15-35%.
In some embodiments of the invention, the reaction temperature for preparing the activated carbon is 700-1000 ℃, and the temperature rise rate is 100-125K s-1The reaction time is 8-15 s. Because the slurry stays in the settling furnace for about these times, if the reaction time is prolonged, the height of the settling furnace can be increased by a proper amount, or the settling furnace is changed into a graded and layered mode, so that the reaction time can be effectively increased; preferably, the reaction temperature is 850-. The method has the advantages of short reaction process and high heating rate, so the heating time is short, the reaction time is favorably prolonged, and the preparation process time is shortened.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the flue gas is sequentially subjected to purification treatment, oxidation treatment and purification treatment to obtain carbon dioxide, and the obtained carbon dioxide participates in the reaction of the activated carbon.
Preferably, the purification treatment is to sequentially perform particulate matter filtration and tar separation filtration on the flue gas. The particulate filter may be a device in which a filter mesh is provided. The tar separation and filtration device is a container filled with filler, and can be a tar separation filter tank and the like. The filler is activated carbon.
Preferably, the oxidation treatment is to subject the flue gas to oxidation reaction under the condition of an oxidation catalyst. Wherein carbon monoxide and methane react to form carbon dioxide. The oxidation catalyst may typically be alumina.
Preferably, the purification treatment is CO in the flue gas2Reacting with calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide, and heating the flue gas at 400 ℃ and 300 ℃ before the reaction, preferably 350 ℃. By preheating the flue gas, the flue gas enters the fluidized bed to react after encountering calcium oxide after the temperature of the flue gas is increased.
According to the invention, through the subsequent treatment of the flue gas, impurities and tar are removed, carbon monoxide in the flue gas is converted into carbon dioxide, and then the obtained carbon dioxide can be used for preparing activated carbon again.
In a second aspect, a zero-carbon-emission system for preparing an activated carbon material by a rapid activation method comprises a sedimentation furnace 1, a gas supply device and a spraying device 4, wherein the gas supply device is connected with the spraying device 4, the spraying device 4 is connected with the sedimentation furnace 1, the gas supply device comprises a carbon dioxide gas supply device 2 and a compressed gas supply device 3, the spraying device 4 is provided with a coal slurry inlet, and the coal slurry inlet is filled with coal slurry.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the system further comprises a flue gas treatment device and a carbon dioxide purification device, wherein the settling furnace 1 is connected with the flue gas treatment device, the flue gas treatment device is connected with the carbon dioxide purification device, and the carbon dioxide purification device is connected with the settling furnace 1.
In some embodiments of the invention, the flue gas treatment device comprises a particulate matter dust remover 5, a tar absorption liquid device 6 and a tubular furnace 7 which are connected in sequence, and the outlet of the settling furnace 1 is connected with the particulate matter dust remover 5. The particulate matter dust remover 5 removes particulate matters in the flue gas, the tar absorption liquid device 6 is used for removing tar contained in the flue gas, the catalytic treatment of the flue gas is carried out in the tubular furnace 7, and gases such as carbon monoxide and methane contained in the flue gas are oxidized to obtain carbon dioxide.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the carbon dioxide purification device comprises a heating device 8, a fluidized bed 9 and a feeding device 10 which are connected in sequence, wherein the heating device 8 is connected with the tube furnace 7, the fluidized bed 9 is connected with the sedimentation furnace 1, and the fluidized bed 9 is connected with the feeding device 10. The heating device 8 is used for heating the gas obtained by the tube furnace 7, and then the flue gas enters the fluidized bed 9, and the heating device 8 can be a high-pressure heater. The feeding device 10 is used for inputting calcium oxide materials or calcium hydroxide materials into the fluidized bed 9, and the feeding device 10 can be a star-shaped feeding machine. In the fluidized bed 9, carbon dioxide in the gas reacts with calcium oxide. Along with the reaction, carbon monoxide in the flue gas is more and more, and carbon dioxide generated by oxidation is more and more, if calcium oxide is not adopted to absorb a part of carbon dioxide gas, the concentration of carbon dioxide in a circulating system is higher, and the preparation of the activated carbon is influenced.
An oxidation catalyst is disposed in the tube furnace.
The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples
Example 1
Crushing, grinding and screening coal raw materials to obtain dried coal powder with the particle size of 60-80 meshes, and then washing to prepare suspension to obtain coal slurry;
after the nitrogen, the carbon dioxide and the coal slurry are mixed and atomized, the volume fraction of the carbon dioxide in the mixed gas is 15 percent, and the heating rate is 100K s-1Reacting at 850 ℃ to obtain activated carbon and flue gas;
and after the activated carbon is collected, drying the activated carbon at 105 ℃ for 1h to obtain the final product.
The flue gas is subjected to purification treatment, oxidation treatment and purification treatment in sequence to obtain carbon dioxide, and the obtained carbon dioxide participates in the reaction of the active carbon. After impurities and tar are removed, carbon monoxide in the flue gas is converted into carbon dioxide, and then the obtained carbon dioxide can be used for preparing the activated carbon again.
Example 2
Crushing, grinding and screening coal raw materials to obtain dried coal powder with the particle size of 60-80 meshes, and then washing to prepare suspension to obtain coal slurry;
after the nitrogen, the carbon dioxide and the coal slurry are mixed and atomized, the volume fraction of the carbon dioxide in the mixed gas is 25 percent, and the heating rate is 110K s-1Reacting at 950 ℃ to obtain activated carbon and smoke;
and after the activated carbon is collected, drying the activated carbon at 105 ℃ for 1h to obtain the final product.
The flue gas is subjected to purification treatment, oxidation treatment and purification treatment in sequence to obtain carbon dioxide, and the obtained carbon dioxide participates in the reaction of the active carbon. After impurities and tar are removed, carbon monoxide in the flue gas is converted into carbon dioxide, and then the obtained carbon dioxide can be used for preparing the activated carbon again.
Comparative example 1
Coal is pyrolyzed at 900 ℃, then carbon dioxide and water vapor are used for activation in sequence, and 20% of carbon dioxide and 6% of water vapor are introduced.
Test examples
Examples 1 to 3, comparative example 1 the obtained activated carbon was tested for mechanical strength, surface structure (pore diameter, pore volume, porous structure, etc.).
The test method is ball milling, BET.
The test result is strength
Figure BDA0002586156910000081
m2Test article, g, remaining on the sieve layer after ball milling. m is1Mass of sample before ball milling, g, results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 test results for activated carbon
Strength of Specific surface area m2/g Pore volume cm3/g
Example 1 70.65% 415.85 0.175
Example 2 60.87% 410.65 0.182
Comparative example 1 53.35% 354.21 0.123
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for preparing an activated carbon material by a quick activation method with zero carbon emission is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
mixing and atomizing the slurry with carbon dioxide and compressed gas, and reacting to obtain activated carbon and flue gas;
the slurry is coal slurry or a mixed liquid of the coal slurry and a biomass suspension liquid, the coal slurry is a mixed liquid of coal powder and water, and the biomass suspension liquid is a mixed liquid of the biomass powder and the water.
2. The method for preparing activated carbon material by using zero-carbon-emission rapid activation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the mass fractions of coal and biomass in the slurry are respectively 25-45%;
or the particle size of the coal powder in the coal slurry is 60-80 meshes.
3. The method for preparing activated carbon material by using zero-carbon-emission rapid activation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the compressed gas is nitrogen or argon, the carbon dioxide accounts for 10-40% of the volume fraction of the mixed gas, and the mixed gas comprises carbon dioxide and the compressed gas.
4. The method for preparing activated carbon material by using zero-carbon-emission rapid activation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the reaction temperature for preparing the active carbon is 700-1000 ℃, and the temperature rising rate is 100-125K s-1The reaction time is 8-15 s; preferably, the reaction temperature for preparing the activated carbon is 850-950 ℃.
5. The method for preparing activated carbon material by using zero-carbon-emission rapid activation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the flue gas is subjected to purification treatment, oxidation treatment and purification treatment in sequence to obtain carbon dioxide, and the obtained carbon dioxide participates in the reaction of the active carbon;
preferably, the purification treatment is to sequentially perform particulate matter filtration and tar separation filtration on the flue gas;
preferably, the oxidation treatment is to subject the flue gas to oxidation reaction under the condition of an oxidation catalyst.
6. The method for preparing activated carbon material by using zero-carbon-emission rapid activation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the purification treatment is that the carbon dioxide in the flue gas reacts with calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide, and the flue gas is heated before the reaction, wherein the heating temperature is 300-400 ℃, and is preferably 350 ℃.
7. A zero-carbon-emission system for preparing an activated carbon material by a rapid activation method is characterized in that: the device comprises a settling furnace, a gas supply device and a spraying device, wherein the gas supply device is connected with the spraying device, the spraying device is connected with the settling furnace, and the gas supply device comprises a carbon dioxide gas supply device and a compressed gas supply device.
8. The system for preparing activated carbon material by using zero-carbon-emission rapid activation method according to claim 7, wherein: still include flue gas processing apparatus, carbon dioxide purification device, the setting furnace is connected with flue gas processing apparatus, and flue gas processing apparatus is connected with carbon dioxide purification device, and carbon dioxide purification device is connected with the setting furnace.
9. The system for preparing activated carbon material by using zero-carbon-emission rapid activation method according to claim 8, wherein: the smoke treatment device comprises a particulate matter dust remover, a tar absorption liquid device and a tubular furnace which are sequentially connected, and an outlet of the settling furnace is connected with the particulate matter dust remover.
10. The system for preparing activated carbon material by using zero-carbon-emission rapid activation method according to claim 8, wherein: the carbon dioxide purification device comprises a heating device, a fluidized bed and a feeding device which are sequentially connected, wherein the heating device is connected with the tubular furnace, the fluidized bed is connected with the sedimentation furnace, and the fluidized bed is connected with the feeding device.
CN202010681892.1A 2020-07-15 2020-07-15 System and method for preparing activated carbon material by using quick activation method without carbon emission Pending CN111924845A (en)

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