CN111923781B - Power distribution method for composite power supply system of electric automobile - Google Patents
Power distribution method for composite power supply system of electric automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN111923781B CN111923781B CN202010691672.7A CN202010691672A CN111923781B CN 111923781 B CN111923781 B CN 111923781B CN 202010691672 A CN202010691672 A CN 202010691672A CN 111923781 B CN111923781 B CN 111923781B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a power distribution method of a composite power supply system of an electric automobile, which makes up for the defect of a single fuzzy controller. According to the target difference value delta I of the current of the storage batterybatAnd the initial distribution coefficient alpha of the output power of the storage battery0The second-layer fuzzy controller used as the input quantity can correct the initial distribution coefficient of the output power of the storage battery of the first-layer fuzzy controller in real time according to different running conditions of the electric automobile, so that the optimal distribution effect of the power between the storage battery and the super capacitor is achieved, and the charging and discharging current of the storage battery is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of composite power supply systems of electric automobiles, and particularly relates to a power distribution method of a composite power supply system of an electric automobile.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of the automobile industry, the global holding amount of automobiles is increasing, and environmental problems and energy problems become hot spots of global concern. Electric vehicles are a major development trend in the automotive industry today. In a pure electric vehicle, numerous scholars at home and abroad put forward a solution of forming a composite power supply by connecting a storage battery and a super capacitor in parallel, and the advantages of high power density and high energy density of the super capacitor are fully exerted, so that the comprehensive performance of a vehicle-mounted energy source is improved. At present, a storage battery-super capacitor electric vehicle composite power supply system cannot meet dual requirements of energy and power of an electric vehicle to the maximum extent, and the optimal design of a power distribution strategy between two energy source devices is the key difficult problem of scholars. Common methods of the composite power supply system of the electric automobile comprise a genetic algorithm, a particle swarm algorithm, a simulated annealing algorithm and the like, but the power distribution of the composite energy system of the electric automobile belongs to the multi-objective optimization problem, and the methods have the technical problem of low precision.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a power distribution method of a composite power supply system of an electric automobile, aiming at the defects of the power distribution control method of the existing composite power supply system of the electric automobile. The method can select the optimal power distribution according to different operation conditions of the electric automobile, reduce the charging and discharging current of the storage battery, prolong the service life of the storage battery and improve the endurance mileage of the electric automobile.
The power distribution method of the composite power supply system of the electric automobile comprises a storage battery, a super capacitor, a bidirectional DC/DC converter, a fuzzy controller and a driving system. The storage battery is directly connected with the fuzzy controller, and the super capacitor is connected with the fuzzy controller through the bidirectional DC/DC converter. The energy management fuzzy controller controls the charge and discharge power of the storage battery and the super capacitor. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting related data of automobile composite power supply
And acquiring the charge state of a storage battery and the charge state of a super capacitor in the automobile in real time, and the current of the storage battery and the required power of a load of the electric automobile in the running process.
Step two: determining inputs and outputs of hierarchical fuzzy controllers
The first layer of fuzzy controller in the hierarchical fuzzy controller adopts a three-input and single-output structure, wherein the three inputs are respectively the required power P of the vehiclereqAnd the state of charge SOC of the storage batterybatSOC of super capacitorucThe output is the initial distribution coefficient alpha of the output power of the storage battery0。
The second layer fuzzy controller in the layered fuzzy controller adopts a two-input and single-output structure, wherein the two inputs are respectively the initial distribution coefficient alpha of the output power of the storage battery0Target difference of battery current Δ IbatAnd the output is the final output power coefficient alpha of the storage battery. Wherein Δ IbatIs the current I of the accumulatorbatAnd its discharge rate is k1The difference in current.
Step three: hierarchical fuzzy controller for formulating parameter fuzzification
In the hierarchical fuzzy controller, the first layer fuzzy controller is used for controlling the vehicle required power PreqSOC of the storage batterybatSOC of super capacitorucAs input and primary distribution coefficient alpha of output power of storage battery0Parameter fuzzification is performed as output.
In the hierarchical fuzzy controller, the output power of the storage battery of the second-level fuzzy controller is primarily distributed with the coefficientα0Target difference of battery current Δ IbatAnd performing parameter fuzzification by taking the final output power coefficient alpha of the storage battery as an input and taking the final output power coefficient alpha of the storage battery as an output.
Step four: according to different driving actual conditions of the electric automobile, a fuzzy logic control strategy is formulated
The running condition of the electric automobile is determined by the required power P of the automobilereqThe driving working condition can be divided into a driving working condition and a braking working condition. And determining a fuzzy logic control strategy according to the running condition so as to determine the charge and discharge power of the storage battery and the super capacitor.
Has the advantages that: in a composite energy control system of an electric automobile, the defect of a single fuzzy controller is made up. According to the target difference value delta I of the current of the storage batterybatAnd the initial distribution coefficient alpha of the output power of the storage battery0The second-layer fuzzy controller used as the input quantity can correct the initial distribution coefficient of the output power of the storage battery of the first-layer fuzzy controller in real time according to different running conditions of the electric automobile, so that the optimal distribution effect of the power between the storage battery and the super capacitor is achieved, and the charging and discharging current of the storage battery is reduced.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a control strategy diagram of the composite fuzzy controller of the present invention
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is now described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
as shown in the attached figure 1, the invention provides a layered fuzzy control method for a composite power system of an electric automobile, which specifically comprises a super capacitor, a storage battery, a bidirectional DC/DC converter, an energy management fuzzy controller and a driving system. The implementation steps are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting relevant data inside automobile
As shown in fig. 1, during the operation of the electric vehicle, the state of charge of the battery and the state of charge of the super capacitor inside the vehicle, and the current of the battery and the required power of the load connected to the driving system during the operation of the electric vehicle are obtained.
According to the battery current of the electric automobile, the target difference value delta I of the battery currentbatThere is a relationship shown by the following formula:
△Ibat＝Ibat-k1.Cbat (1)
in the formula, k1The discharge rate of the storage battery;
Cbatis the nominal capacity of the storage battery;
step two: determining inputs and outputs of hierarchical fuzzy controllers
As shown in fig. 2: the hierarchical fuzzy controller comprises a first-layer fuzzy controller and a second-layer fuzzy controller. The input of the first layer of fuzzy controller is vehicle required power, super capacitor charge state and storage battery charge state, and the output is storage battery primary distribution coefficient. The input of the second layer fuzzy controller is a storage battery current target difference value, a storage battery primary distribution coefficient and the output is a storage battery final output power coefficient.
Step three: hierarchical fuzzy controller for formulating parameter fuzzification
And fuzzifying the input and the output of the first-layer fuzzy controller. Power demand P of vehiclereqThe actual value range is normalized, namely the required power of the vehicle is divided by the maximum output power to obtain the required power P of the vehiclereqHas a discourse field of [ -1,1]The quantization factor of the required power of the vehicle is 1/Preq. Power demand P of vehiclereqThe fuzzy subset can be divided into { negative large, negative medium, negative small, zero, positive small, positive medium, positive large }, i.e., { NB, NM, NS, ZE, PS, PM, PB }. Super capacitor state of charge SOCucCan be divided into { just small, just in the middle, just large }, i.e., { PS, PM, PB }. State of charge SOC of storage batterybatCan be divided into { just small, just in the middle, just large }, i.e., { PS, PM, PB }. Initial distribution coefficient alpha of accumulator0The fuzzy subset can be divided into { small, medium, large }, i.e., { LE, ML, ME, MB, GE }.
And fuzzifying the input and the output of the second-layer fuzzy controller. Target difference value delta I of battery currentbatAnd a storage batteryThe final output power coefficient alpha fuzzy domain is the same as the actual domain, so the fuzzification quantization factors are all 1. The fuzzy subsets of the two can be divided into { negative large, negative small, zero, positive small, positive large }, i.e., { NB, NS, ZE, PS, PB } and { small, medium, large }, i.e., { LE, ML, ME, MB, GE }.
Step four: according to different driving actual conditions of the electric automobile, a fuzzy logic control strategy is formulated
When the current I of the storage batterybatIf the current deviates from the current at the discharge rate of 1C, the initial distribution coefficient of the battery output power needs to be further appropriately corrected. If the battery current target difference is delta IbatIf the absolute value of the final output power coefficient alpha of the storage battery is larger than 0, the initial distribution coefficient of the output power of the storage battery should be properly increased, namely the absolute value of the final output power coefficient alpha of the storage battery is in alpha0Properly increasing the size of the base; if the battery current target difference is delta IbatWhen the power is equal to 0, the initial distribution coefficient of the output power of the storage battery is kept unchanged, and the final output power coefficient alpha of the storage battery is equal to alpha0(ii) a If the battery current target difference is delta IbatLess than 0, the initial distribution coefficient of the output power of the storage battery should be properly reduced, namely the absolute value of the final output power coefficient alpha of the storage battery is alpha0And then appropriately reduced on the basis.
Claims (4)
1. A power distribution method of a composite power supply system of an electric automobile is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting related data of automobile composite power supply
Acquiring the charge state of a storage battery and the charge state of a super capacitor in the automobile in real time, and the current of the storage battery and the required power of a load of the electric automobile in the running process;
step two: determining inputs and outputs of hierarchical fuzzy controllers
The first layer of fuzzy controller in the hierarchical fuzzy controller adopts a three-input and single-output structure, wherein the three inputs are respectively the required power P of the vehiclereqAnd the state of charge SOC of the storage batterybatSuper capacitor charge state SOCucThe output is the initial distribution coefficient alpha of the output power of the storage battery0；
The second layer fuzzy controller in the layered fuzzy controller adopts a two-input and single-output structure, wherein the two inputs are respectively the initial distribution coefficient alpha of the output power of the storage battery0Target difference of battery current Δ IbatThe output is the final output power coefficient alpha of the storage battery; wherein Δ IbatIs the current I of the accumulatorbatAnd its discharge rate is k1The difference in time current;
step three: hierarchical fuzzy controller for formulating parameter fuzzification
In the hierarchical fuzzy controller, the first layer fuzzy controller is used for controlling the vehicle required power PreqSOC of the storage batterybatSOC of super capacitorucAs input and primary distribution coefficient alpha of output power of storage battery0Performing parameter fuzzification as output;
in the hierarchical fuzzy controller, the output power of the storage battery of the second-level fuzzy controller is primarily distributed with a coefficient alpha0Target difference of battery current Δ IbatPerforming parameter fuzzification by taking the final output power coefficient alpha of the storage battery as input and taking the final output power coefficient alpha of the storage battery as output;
step four: according to different driving actual conditions of the electric automobile, a fuzzy logic control strategy is formulated
The running condition of the electric automobile is determined by the required power P of the automobilereqThe driving working condition is divided into a driving working condition and a braking working condition; and determining a fuzzy logic control strategy according to the running condition so as to determine the charge and discharge power of the storage battery and the super capacitor.
2. The power distribution method of the hybrid power supply system of the electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: the target difference value Delta I of the current of the storage batterybatComprises the following steps:
△Ibat＝Ibat-k1·Cbat (1)
in the formula, k1The discharge rate of the storage battery;
Cbatis the nominal capacity of the battery.
3. The power distribution method of the hybrid power supply system of the electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: the input and output fuzzification of the first-layer fuzzy controller specifically comprises the following steps: power demand P of vehiclereqThe actual value range is normalized, namely the required power of the vehicle is divided by the maximum output power to obtain the required power P of the vehiclereqHas a discourse field of [ -1,1]The quantization factor of the required power of the vehicle is 1/Preq(ii) a Power demand P of vehiclereqThe fuzzy subset is divided into { negative big, negative middle, negative small, zero, positive small, positive middle, positive big }, namely { NB, NM, NS, ZE, PS, PM, PB }; super capacitor state of charge SOCucThe fuzzy subset of (1) is divided into { positive small, positive center, positive large }, namely { PS, PM, PB }; state of charge SOC of storage batterybatThe fuzzy subset of (1) is divided into { positive small, positive center, positive large }, namely { PS, PM, PB }; initial distribution coefficient alpha of accumulator0The fuzzy subset is divided into { small, medium, large }, namely { LE, ML, ME, MB, GE };
fuzzifying the input and output of the second-layer fuzzy controller; target difference value delta I of battery currentbatThe fuzzy subset is divided into { negative large, negative small, zero, positive small, positive large }, namely { NB, NS, ZE, PS, PB } and { small, medium, large }, namely { LE, ML, ME, MB, GE }; the fuzzy domain of the final output power coefficient alpha of the storage battery is the same as the actual domain, the fuzzification quantization factor is 1, and the fuzzy subset is divided into { negative large, negative small, zero, positive small, positive large }, namely { NB, NS, ZE, PS, PB } and { small, medium, large }, namely { LE, ML, ME, MB, GE }.
4. The power distribution method of the hybrid power supply system of the electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: according to different driving actual conditions of the electric automobile, a fuzzy logic control strategy is formulated; the method specifically comprises the following steps: when the current I of the storage batterybatAnd its discharge rate is k1When the current of the battery deviates, the initial distribution coefficient of the output power of the battery needs to be further correctedPositive; if the battery current target difference is delta IbatIf the absolute value of the final output power coefficient alpha of the storage battery is larger than 0, the initial distribution coefficient of the output power of the storage battery should be properly increased, namely the absolute value of the final output power coefficient alpha of the storage battery is in alpha0Properly increasing the size of the base; if the battery current target difference is delta IbatWhen the power is equal to 0, the initial distribution coefficient of the output power of the storage battery is kept unchanged, and the final output power coefficient alpha of the storage battery is equal to alpha0(ii) a If the battery current target difference is delta IbatLess than 0, the initial distribution coefficient of the output power of the storage battery should be properly reduced, namely the absolute value of the final output power coefficient alpha of the storage battery is alpha0And then appropriately reduced on the basis.
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