CN111917537B - Base station-based mobile communication terminal quantum communication method and system - Google Patents
Base station-based mobile communication terminal quantum communication method and system Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
- H04L9/0858—Details about key distillation or coding, e.g. reconciliation, error correction, privacy amplification, polarisation coding or phase coding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
- H04B10/075—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
- H04B10/079—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
- H04B10/0795—Performance monitoring; Measurement of transmission parameters
- H04B10/07953—Monitoring or measuring OSNR, BER or Q
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
- H04L9/0855—Quantum cryptography involving additional nodes, e.g. quantum relays, repeaters, intermediate nodes or remote nodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L2209/00—Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
- H04L2209/80—Wireless
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0861—Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0869—Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords involving random numbers or seeds
Abstract
The invention provides a quantum communication method and a quantum communication system of a mobile communication terminal based on a base station, which adopt the base station as the relay of the mobile communication terminal, so that two mobile communication terminals without quantum key distribution equipment can realize quantum communication based on BB84 through the base station. The invention provides a mobile communication scheme based on the base station aiming at different application scenes, and greatly improves the communication safety between mobile terminals such as mobile phones and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of quantum communication, in particular to a mobile communication terminal quantum communication method and system based on a base station.
Background
The Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is based on the basic principle of quantum mechanics, the transmitted quantum key cannot be cracked, the unconditional safety is realized, and the safety is far higher than that of the cryptosystems such as RSA and the like constructed based on the numerical theory difficult understanding problem at present. In the prior art, a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) technology is used to implement quantum communication in many scenarios, but the Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) technology is implemented based on the installation of QKD devices on both sides of communication. However, for some mobile communication terminals with smaller size, such as mobile phones, etc., because the QKD device has larger size and higher price, the QKD device cannot be integrated into such small-sized communication terminals at present, and therefore, information transmitted between small-sized mobile communication terminal devices such as mobile phones still faces a greater security threat.
How to access a quantum communication secure network to a small mobile communication terminal such as a mobile phone without integrating a QKD device is a technical problem in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a mobile communication terminal quantum communication method and system based on a base station.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention takes the base station as the relay of two mobile communication terminals without QKD equipment, so as to realize quantum communication between the two mobile communication terminals. The invention provides the following technical scheme aiming at three different application scenes:
application scenario 1: quantum communication between two mobile communication terminals accessed to the internet through the same base station is realized.
Aiming at an application scene 1, the invention provides a mobile communication terminal quantum communication method based on a base station, which comprises the following steps:
(1) The method comprises the steps that a true random number generator is arranged on a mobile communication terminal, and a quantum key distribution device is arranged on a base station and comprises a single photon emission module and a single photon detection module;
(2) Two mobile communication terminals perform quantum key distribution based on the BB84 protocol by taking a base station as a relay:
the method comprises the steps that a mobile communication terminal of a sender generates a first true random number sequence for selecting a photon polarization state through a corresponding true random number generator and sends the first true random number sequence to a single photon emission module; the single photon emission module sends photons in a corresponding polarization state to the single photon detection module according to the first true random number sequence;
the mobile communication terminal of the receiving party generates a second true random number sequence for selecting a measuring base through a corresponding true random number generator and sends the second true random number sequence to the single photon detection module; the single photon detection module selects a corresponding measurement base according to the second true random number sequence to measure the received photons, and feeds back the obtained photon polarization state information to the mobile communication terminal of the receiver;
(3) The mobile communication terminal of the receiving party tells the mobile communication terminal of the sending party through the classical channel, the mobile communication terminal of the sending party tells the mobile communication terminal of the receiving party through the classical channel which is the correct measuring base sequence, and the two mobile communication terminals can obtain a first quantum key obtained according to a BB84 protocol after negotiation; then, the two mobile communication terminals randomly and publicly compare some key sequences in the first quantum key, when the error rate is less than the threshold value, the two terminals continue to carry out bit error correction and privacy amplification, and then the unconditional safe quantum key is obtained between the remote server and the mobile communication terminal.
Further, in the method implemented between two mobile communication terminals accessing the internet through the same base station, the mobile communication terminal and the base station are configured with the same key pool, and the mobile communication terminal and the base station select a corresponding random number sequence from the key pool as a symmetric key of the current communication according to a predetermined manner to perform secret communication each time the mobile communication terminal and the base station communicate.
Aiming at the application scene 1, the invention also provides a mobile communication terminal quantum communication system based on the base station, which comprises the base station with the quantum key distribution equipment and at least two mobile communication terminals with true random number generators, wherein the mobile communication terminals are accessed to the Internet through the base station; any two mobile communication terminals within the coverage range of the base station carry out quantum communication through the method.
Application scenario 2: in the scene, a plurality of quantum repeaters are connected in series between the two base stations through optical fibers to form a quantum channel between the two base stations.
Aiming at an application scene 2, the invention provides a mobile communication terminal quantum communication method based on a base station, which comprises the following steps:
(1) The method comprises the steps that a true random number generator is arranged on a mobile communication terminal, a quantum key distribution device is arranged on a base station, and the quantum key distribution device comprises a single photon emission module and a single photon detection module;
(2) The two mobile communication terminals perform quantum key distribution based on BB84 protocol through quantum channels between the two base stations, and the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that a mobile communication terminal of a sender generates a first true random number sequence for selecting a photon polarization state through a corresponding true random number generator and sends the first true random number sequence to a single photon emission module of a base station of the sender; the single photon emission module of the sender base station sends photons in a corresponding polarization state to the single photon detection module of the receiver base station through a quantum channel according to the first true random number sequence;
the mobile communication terminal of the receiving party generates a second true random number sequence for selecting a measuring base through a corresponding true random number generator and sends the second true random number sequence to a single photon detection module of the base station of the receiving party; the single photon detection module of the receiver base station selects a corresponding measurement base according to the second true random number sequence to measure the received photons, and feeds back the obtained photon polarization state information to the receiver mobile communication terminal;
(3) The mobile communication terminal of the receiving party tells the mobile communication terminal of the sending party through the classical channel, the mobile communication terminal of the sending party tells the mobile communication terminal of the receiving party through the classical channel which is the correct measuring base sequence, and the two mobile communication terminals can obtain a first quantum key obtained according to a BB84 protocol after negotiation; then, the two mobile communication terminals randomly and publicly compare some key sequences in the first quantum key, when the error rate is less than the threshold value, the two terminals continue to carry out bit error correction and privacy amplification, and then the unconditional safe quantum key is obtained between the remote server and the mobile communication terminal.
Further, the two mobile communication terminals configure the same key pool with their corresponding base stations, and when any one of the mobile communication terminals communicates with its corresponding base station, a corresponding random number sequence is selected from the key pool as a symmetric key for this communication in a pre-agreed manner to perform secret communication.
Aiming at the application scene 2, the invention also provides a mobile communication terminal quantum communication system based on the base station, which comprises the following steps: the system comprises a first base station, a second base station, a first mobile communication terminal, a second mobile communication terminal and a plurality of quantum repeaters, wherein the first base station and the second base station are provided with quantum key distribution equipment; the quantum key distribution equipment comprises a single photon emission module and a single photon detection module; a first mobile communication terminal accesses the internet through a first base station, and a second mobile communication terminal accesses the internet through a second base station; the first base station and the second base station are connected with a plurality of quantum repeaters in series through optical fibers to form a quantum channel between the two base stations; the first and second mobile communication terminals carry out quantum communication by the method.
Application scenario 3: in the scene, a plurality of repeaters with quantum key distribution devices are connected in series between the two base stations through optical fibers to form a quantum channel between the two base stations.
Aiming at an application scene 3, the invention provides a mobile communication terminal quantum communication method based on a base station, which comprises the following steps:
(1) The method comprises the steps that a true random number generator is arranged on a mobile communication terminal, a quantum key distribution device is arranged on a base station, and the quantum key distribution device comprises a single photon emission module and a single photon detection module;
(2) The method comprises the steps that a mobile communication terminal of a sender generates a first true random number sequence for selecting a photon polarization state through a corresponding true random number generator and sends the first true random number sequence to a single photon emission module of a base station of the sender; a single photon emission module of a sender base station generates photons in a corresponding polarization state according to a first true random number sequence, then quantum key negotiation is carried out on the photons and a first repeater based on a BB84 protocol, and a key obtained through negotiation is used as a relay key;
(3) Quantum communication is carried out between the first repeater and the second repeater based on a BB84 protocol, the relay key is transmitted to the second repeater, and the like, and the repeaters transmit the relay key to the last repeater step by step;
(4) The last repeater carries out quantum communication with the receiving mobile communication terminal through the receiving base station based on BB84 protocol: the last repeater sends random polarization state photons to a receiving end base station, the receiving end base station is communicated with a receiving end mobile communication terminal, corresponding measuring bases are selected according to a true random number sequence which is sent by the receiving end mobile communication terminal and used for selecting the measuring bases to measure the received photons, and the obtained photon polarization state information is fed back to the receiving end mobile communication terminal; the receiving mobile communication terminal and the last repeater confirm the correct measuring base through the classical channel, and then the quantum key of the two parties is obtained; the last relay encrypts a relay key by using a quantum key between the last relay and the mobile communication terminal of the receiving party and transmits the relay key to the mobile communication terminal of the receiving party, and the mobile communication terminal of the receiving party decrypts the relay key to obtain the relay key consistent with the mobile communication terminal of the sending party;
(5) And the sender mobile communication terminal and the receiver mobile communication terminal carry out quantum communication through the relay key.
Further, the two mobile communication terminals configure the same key pool with their corresponding base stations, and when any one of the mobile communication terminals communicates with its corresponding base station, a corresponding random number sequence is selected from the key pool as a symmetric key for this communication in a pre-agreed manner to perform secret communication.
Aiming at the application scene 3, the invention also provides a mobile communication terminal quantum communication system based on the base station, which comprises the following components: the system comprises a first base station, a second base station, a first mobile communication terminal, a second mobile communication terminal and a plurality of repeaters, wherein the first base station and the second base station are provided with quantum key distribution equipment; the quantum key distribution equipment comprises a single photon emission module and a single photon detection module; a first mobile communication terminal accesses the internet through a first base station, and a second mobile communication terminal accesses the internet through a second base station; the first base station and the second base station are connected in series through optical fibers with a plurality of repeaters configured with quantum key distribution equipment to form a quantum channel between the two base stations; the first and second mobile communication terminals carry out quantum communication by the method.
Further, the BB84 protocol is a spoof-based BB84 protocol.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
by the technical scheme provided by the invention, quantum communication can be carried out between small mobile communication terminals such as mobile phones and the like through the base station integrated with the QKD equipment, so that the communication safety between the mobile terminals such as the mobile phones and the like is greatly improved, and one base station integrated with the QKD equipment can provide a quantum secret communication network for a plurality of mobile communication terminals at the same time, so that the cost is low.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system configuration diagram relating to embodiment 1;
FIG. 2 is a system configuration diagram relating to embodiment 2;
fig. 3 is a system configuration diagram according to embodiment 3.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples. It is to be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms, and that there is no intention to limit the invention to the specific embodiments illustrated, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover some exemplary and non-limiting embodiments shown in the attached drawings and described below.
It is to be understood that the features listed above for the different embodiments may be combined with each other to form further embodiments within the scope of the invention, where technically feasible. Furthermore, the particular examples and embodiments of the invention described are non-limiting, and various modifications may be made in the structure, steps, and sequence set forth above without departing from the scope of the invention.
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of how to enable small-sized mobile communication terminals such as mobile phones to access a quantum communication secure network under the condition that the small-sized mobile communication terminal devices such as mobile phones do not integrate QKD devices.
In order to solve the technical problem, the base station is adopted as the relay, the QKD equipment is arranged on the base station, and the base station is used as the relay of the two mobile communication terminals, so that the two mobile communication terminals can carry out quantum communication based on the BB84 protocol.
The working principle of the invention under three different scenes is illustrated by 3 embodiments.
Example 1: quantum communication between two mobile communication terminals accessing internet through same base station
Fig. 1 shows a mobile communication terminal quantum communication system based on a base station, which mainly comprises a mobile communication terminal A, a mobile communication terminal B and a base station, wherein the mobile communication terminals A and B are both provided with a true random number generator. The base station in the system comprises main function modules of the cell base station under the existing wireless network, and additionally needs to comprise a single photon emission module and a single photon detection module. The single photon emission module can modulate the polarization state of photons according to the control signal and sequentially send the modulated photon strings to a receiver according to a certain time interval; the single photon detection module can detect the polarization state of the received photon under the measurement base and can send the detected single photon polarization state information to the mobile terminal. The mobile terminal and the base station are connected through wireless communication.
The flow of the communication method implemented by the system shown in fig. 1 is as follows:
when a mobile terminal at a sending end needs to perform secret communication with another mobile terminal in the coverage of the same base station, the two parties can perform corresponding quantum key agreement through the base station, for the convenience of description, an active party is a mobile communication terminal at the sending end, and the other party is a mobile communication terminal at the receiving end, wherein the key agreement flow of the mobile communication terminal at the sending end and the mobile communication terminal at the receiving end is as follows:
firstly, a mobile communication terminal of a sender generates two true random number sequences Sa (bit sequences) and ma (sending base sequences), and the polarization state sequence x of photons emitted by a single photon emission module can be determined according to the two sequences. Specifically, according to the following rule, when the sa sequence is bit 0 and the ma sequence is also 0, the polarization state is H; when the sa sequence is bit 0 and the ma sequence is 1, the polarization state is +; when the sa sequence is bit 1 and the ma sequence is 0, the polarization state is V; when the sa sequence is bit 1, the ma sequence is also 1, the polarization states are-, "H, +, V, -" are the four polarization states of the photon.
Then, the mobile communication terminal of the sender sends the generated polarization state sequence x to the base station, the base station obtains the polarization state information of the single photon to be emitted, and then the single photon emission module in the base station sends the single photon in the corresponding polarization state to the single photon detection module in the base station.
Meanwhile, the mobile communication terminal of the receiving party generates a true random number sequence which is used as a random measurement base sequence mb, the mobile communication terminal of the receiving party sends the random measurement base to the base station, the single photon detection module in the base station measures the quantum states of the received single photons one by one according to the random measurement base to obtain related polarization state information, and then the base station sends the measured photon polarization state information to the mobile communication terminal of the receiving party.
After receiving the measurement result sent by the base station, the mobile communication terminal at the receiving side converts the measurement result into a bit sequence according to a certain encoding rule, such as bit 0 corresponding to the horizontal polarization state and the 45-degree polarization state, and bit 1 corresponding to the vertical polarization state and the 135-degree polarization state.
And finally, the receiver mobile communication terminal informs the sender mobile communication terminal of the random measurement base sequence mb through the classical channel, the sender mobile communication terminal compares ma with mb, then informs the receiver mobile communication terminal of which the measurement base sequence is correct through the classical channel, and after negotiation, the receiver mobile communication terminal and the sender mobile communication terminal can obtain the quantum key K1 obtained according to the BB84 protocol. Then, the mobile communication terminal of the receiving party and the mobile communication terminal of the sending party randomly carry out public comparison on some key sequences, when the error rate is smaller than a threshold value (for example, 11%), the two parties continue to carry out bit error correction and privacy amplification operation, and finally the two parties obtain the unconditionally safe quantum key K. The quantum key K can be used for realizing safe communication between two parties.
Example 2: in the scene, a plurality of quantum repeaters are connected in series between the two base stations through optical fibers to form a quantum channel between the two base stations.
Fig. 2 shows a mobile communication terminal quantum communication system based on a base station, which mainly comprises a mobile communication terminal a, a mobile communication terminal B, a base station, and a plurality of quantum repeaters. The mobile communication terminals a and B are each provided with a true random number generator. The base station in the system comprises main function modules of the cell base station under the existing wireless network, and additionally needs to comprise a single photon emission module and a single photon detection module. The single photon emission module can modulate the polarization state of photons according to the control signal and sequentially send the modulated photon strings to a receiver according to a certain time interval; the single photon detection module can detect the polarization state of the received photons under the measurement base and can send the detected single photon polarization state information to the mobile terminal. The mobile terminal and the base station are connected through wireless communication, and the two base stations are connected through a plurality of quantum repeaters and are established with quantum channels.
The system can realize direct QKD key negotiation between mobile communication terminals (mobile phones and the like), the mobile communication terminals do not contain QKD sending equipment or QKD receiving equipment, and a plurality of peer mobile communication terminals can be covered under one base station. Quantum relay nodes are arranged between mobile communication terminals of two communication parties in the embodiment, and the quantum relay nodes belong to point-to-point direct communication.
The flow of the communication method implemented by the system shown in fig. 2 is as follows:
when a sender mobile communication terminal needs to perform secret communication with a receiver mobile communication terminal in the coverage of the same base station, the two parties can perform corresponding quantum key agreement through the base station, for the convenience of description, an active party is a sender mobile communication terminal A, and the other party is a receiver mobile communication terminal B, and the key agreement flow of the sender mobile communication terminal A and the receiver mobile communication terminal B is as follows:
firstly, a sending party mobile communication terminal A generates two true random number sequences Sa (bit sequences) and ma (sending base sequences), and the polarization state sequence x of photons emitted by a single photon emission module can be determined according to the two sequences. Specifically, according to the following rule, when the sa sequence is bit 0 and the ma sequence is also 0, the polarization state is H; when the sa sequence is bit 0 and the ma sequence is 1, the polarization state is +; when the sa sequence is bit 1 and the ma sequence is 0, the polarization state is V; when the sa sequence is a bit 1, the ma sequence is also a 1, the polarization states are-, "H, +, V, -" are the four polarization states of the photon.
Then, the mobile communication terminal a of the sending party sends the generated polarization state sequence x to the base station of the sending party, the base station of the sending party obtains the polarization state information of the single photon to be emitted, and then the single photon emitting module in the base station of the sending party modulates the corresponding polarization state photon and sends the corresponding single photon to the receiving party.
When the single photon sent by the base station of the sender reaches the quantum repeater, the quantum repeater amplifies the single photon quantum state signal and then continuously sends the signal to the next quantum repeater node, and finally the single photon quantum state reaches the base station of the receiver.
When the single photon emitted by the sender base station is transmitted to the receiver through the optical fiber, the receiver mobile communication terminal B generates a random measurement base sequence mb by using the true random number generator, the receiver mobile communication terminal B encrypts and transmits the random measurement base to the receiver base station, a single photon detection module in the receiver base station measures the received single photon quantum states one by one according to the random measurement base to obtain related polarization state information, and then the receiver base station transmits the measured polarization state information to the receiver mobile communication terminal B.
After receiving the measurement result sent by the receiving-side base station, the receiving-side mobile communication terminal B converts the measurement result into a bit sequence according to a certain coding rule, for example, according to the following rule: the horizontal polarization state and the 45 degree polarization state correspond to bit 0, and the vertical polarization state and the 135 degree polarization state correspond to bit 1.
Finally, the receiver mobile communication terminal B informs the sender mobile communication terminal A of the random measurement base sequence mb through a classical channel, the sender mobile communication terminal A compares ma and mb and then informs the receiver mobile communication terminal B of which the random measurement base sequence is the correct measurement base sequence through the classical channel, and the quantum key K1 can be obtained between the sender mobile communication terminal A and the receiver mobile communication terminal B after negotiation. And then, randomly comparing some key sequences between the sender mobile communication terminal A and the receiver mobile communication terminal B, and when the error rate is smaller than a threshold value, continuing bit error correction and privacy amplification operations by the two parties, and finally obtaining an unconditionally safe quantum key K obtained according to a BB84 protocol between the sender mobile communication terminal A and the receiver mobile communication terminal B.
Example 3: in the scene, a plurality of repeaters with quantum key distribution devices are connected in series between the two base stations through optical fibers to form a quantum channel between the two base stations.
Fig. 3 shows a mobile communication terminal quantum communication system based on a base station, which mainly comprises a mobile communication terminal a, a mobile communication terminal B, a base station, and in addition, a plurality of trusted relays, wherein each trusted relay comprises a QKD receiving device and a QKD transmitting device. The mobile communication terminals a and B are each provided with a true random number generator. The base station in the system comprises main function modules of the cell base station under the existing wireless network, and additionally needs to comprise a single photon emission module and a single photon detection module. The single photon emission module can modulate the polarization state of photons according to the control signal and sequentially send the modulated photon strings to a receiver according to a certain time interval; the single photon detection module can detect the polarization state of the received photons under the measurement base and can send the detected single photon polarization state information to the mobile terminal. The mobile terminal and the base stations are connected through wireless communication, and the two base stations are connected through a plurality of credible repeaters through optical fibers and are established with quantum channels.
The flow of the communication method implemented by the system shown in fig. 3 is as follows:
when a sender mobile terminal needs to perform secret communication with another mobile terminal in the coverage of the same base station, the two parties can perform corresponding quantum key agreement through the base station, for the convenience of description, an active party is appointed to be a sender mobile communication terminal A, and the other party is appointed to be a receiver mobile communication terminal B, and the key agreement of the sender mobile communication terminal A and the receiver mobile communication terminal B specifically comprises the following procedures:
firstly, a mobile communication terminal A of a sender generates two true random number sequences Sa (bit sequences) and ma (sending base sequences), and the polarization state sequence x of photons emitted by a single photon emission module can be determined according to the two sequences. Specifically, according to the following rule, when the sa sequence is bit 0 and the ma sequence is also 0, the polarization state is H; when the sa sequence is bit 0 and the ma sequence is 1, the polarization state is +; when the sa sequence is bit 1 and the ma sequence is 0, the polarization state is V; when the sa sequence is a bit 1, the ma sequence is also a 1, the polarization states are-, "H, +, V, -" are the four polarization states of the photon.
Then, the mobile communication terminal a of the sending party sends the generated polarization state sequence x to the base station of the sending party, the base station of the sending party obtains the polarization state information of the single photon to be emitted, and then the single photon emitting module in the base station of the sending party modulates the corresponding polarization state photon and sends the corresponding single photon to the receiving party.
When a single photon emitted by a sender base station reaches a first trusted relay, the trusted relay comprises a QKD receiving device and a sending device, so that the trusted relay can generate a random measurement base sequence mb by using a true random number generator, a single photon detection module in the trusted relay measures received single photon quantum states one by one according to the random measurement base to obtain related polarization state information, and then the trusted relay converts a measured result into a bit sequence according to a certain coding rule, for example, according to the following rule: the horizontal polarization state and the 45 degree polarization state correspond to bit 0, and the vertical polarization state and the 135 degree polarization state correspond to bit 1. Then, the trusted relay tells the random measurement base sequence mb to the sender mobile communication terminal a through the classical channel, the sender mobile communication terminal a compares ma and mb and then tells the trusted relay which are the correct measurement base sequences through the classical channel, and the quantum key K1 can be obtained between the sender mobile communication terminal a and the first trusted relay after negotiation. And then, randomly comparing some key sequences between the mobile communication terminal A of the sender and the first trusted relay, when the error rate is smaller than a threshold value (for example, 11%), continuing bit error correction and privacy amplification operations by the mobile communication terminal A of the sender and the first trusted relay, and then obtaining an unconditionally safe quantum key K obtained according to a BB84 protocol by the mobile communication terminal A of the sender and the first trusted relay. This key acts as a relay key and is then passed through the trusted relay stage by stage.
When the last trusted relay is reached (the last trusted relay is the trusted relay directly connected with the base station of the receiving party), the QKD sending device of the last trusted relay generates two true random number sequences Sa-n (bit sequence) and ma-n (sending base sequence), and the polarization state sequence x-n of the photons emitted by the classical QKD sending device can be determined according to the two sequences. Specifically, according to the following rule, when the sa-n sequence is bit 0 and the ma-n sequence is also 0, the polarization state is H; when the sa-n sequence is bit 0 and the ma-n sequence is 1, the polarization state is +; when the sa-n sequence is bit 1 and the ma-n sequence is 0, the polarization state is V; when the sa-n sequence is a bit 1, the ma-n sequence is also a 1, the polarization states are-, "H, +, V, -" are the four polarization states of the photon. And then a single photon emission module in the credible relay sends the single photon with corresponding polarization to a base station of a receiving party. When the single photon emitted by the credible relay is transmitted to the receiving end through the optical fiber, the receiving-end mobile communication terminal B generates a random measurement base sequence mb-n by using the true random number generator, the receiving-end mobile communication terminal B encrypts and transmits the random measurement base to the receiving-end base station, the single photon detection module in the base station measures the received single photon quantum states one by one according to the random measurement base to obtain related polarization state information, and then the receiving-end base station transmits the measured polarization state information to the receiving-end mobile communication terminal B. After receiving the measurement result, the receiving mobile communication terminal B converts the measurement result into a bit sequence according to a certain coding rule, for example, according to the following rule: the horizontal polarization state and the 45 degree polarization state correspond to bit 0, and the vertical polarization state and the 135 degree polarization state correspond to bit 1. Then, the receiver mobile communication terminal B informs the last credible relay of the random measurement base sequence mb-n through a classical channel, the credible relays compare ma-n with mb-n, then informs the receiver mobile communication terminal B through the classical channel which is the correct measurement base sequence, and the quantum key K1-n can be obtained between the credible relay and the receiver mobile communication terminal B after negotiation. And randomly comparing some key sequences between the last trusted relay and the receiver mobile communication terminal B, when the error rate is less than a threshold value, continuing bit error correction and privacy amplification operations between the two parties, and obtaining an unconditionally safe quantum key K-n obtained according to a BB84 protocol between the last trusted relay and the receiver mobile communication terminal B. And the last trusted repeater encrypts the relay key K by using the quantum key K-n and transmits the encrypted relay key K to the receiver mobile communication terminal B, and the receiver mobile communication terminal B can obtain the quantum key K shared with the sender mobile communication terminal A after decryption.
The above three embodiments illustrate the specific application modes of the present invention in three different scenarios in detail. By the base station-based wireless quantum communication method and system for the mobile communication terminal, quantum communication problem among small mobile communication devices which never have QKD can be solved under a plurality of scenes.
In the above embodiment, the single photon emission module is an ideal single photon source device, and in reality, a weak laser pulse may be used to replace the single photon module, for example, a laser, an attenuator, a polarizer and a polarization controller may be used to form a realistic single photon module.
In addition, a decoy state thought can be added into the BB84 protocol, the decoy state can overcome photon number separation attack, the method has strong practical significance, the method becomes a mainstream scheme of quantum key distribution at present, and the BB84 scheme based on the decoy state is mostly applied in a real scene. In the above embodiment, a spoofing state may also be added, the single-photon module randomly generates a signal state and a spoofing state according to a certain probability, and both sides negotiating the quantum key may obtain an unconditionally secure quantum key according to the BB84 scheme based on the spoofing state.
As a further optimization of the above embodiment, an encryption method is further set between the mobile terminal and the corresponding base station, specifically as follows:
the secret information transmission between the mobile communication terminal and the base station is based on a pre-generated shared quantum key KG as a seed key for both sides of encrypted communication. The specific operation is as follows: firstly, a mobile communication terminal is directly connected with a corresponding QKD device in a network access registration center when in network access registration, and the QKD device is connected with a remote management center through a quantum channel, so that the mobile communication terminal and the remote management center can negotiate out a shared quantum key, the negotiated shared quantum key is respectively stored by the mobile communication terminal and the remote management center, each bit of the shared quantum key is subjected to sequential serial number coding operation according to the position, and the maximum position serial number is marked as N; when confidential information communication is needed, one party such as a mobile communication terminal generates a random integer sequence XG between 1 and N according to the needed key length, a corresponding real-time key KS can be extracted from a shared quantum key KG according to the random integer sequence XG, and then the mobile communication terminal encrypts information by using the real-time key KS and transmits the information to a base station; the mobile communication terminal transmits the random integer sequence XG to the base station, the base station provides a key request to the remote management center and transmits the random integer sequence XG to the remote management center, a quantum line is established between the remote management center and the base station, then the remote management center extracts a real-time key KS from a shared quantum key KG according to the sequence XG, then the remote management center transmits the real-time key KS to the base station in a quantum secret communication mode, and the base station can decrypt information transmitted by the mobile communication terminal by using the real-time key KS. For example, the shared quantum key KG between the mobile communication terminal and the remote management center may have a length of 1Gbit, and when the real-time key length required for communication is greater than the shared quantum key, a random integer sequence with repetition may be generated. The shared quantum key between the mobile communication terminal and the remote management center can be updated periodically by the user according to the need, the update of the shared quantum key can go to the registration center which is provided by the network operator and contains the QKD equipment, and more preferably, the mobile communication terminal carries out quantum key negotiation through the base station and the remote management center according to the invention concept of the invention so as to generate a new shared quantum key KG (the remote management center contains the QKD equipment, so the mobile terminal can carry out QKD key negotiation with the remote management center in combination with the base station).
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and modifications are all within the scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A quantum communication method of a mobile communication terminal based on a base station is characterized in that the method is implemented between two mobile communication terminals which access the Internet through the same base station, and comprises the following steps:
(1) The method comprises the steps that a true random number generator is arranged on a mobile communication terminal, a quantum key distribution device is arranged on a base station, and the quantum key distribution device comprises a single photon emission module and a single photon detection module;
(2) Two mobile communication terminals perform quantum key distribution based on the BB84 protocol by taking a base station as a relay:
the method comprises the steps that a mobile communication terminal of a sender generates a first true random number sequence for selecting a photon polarization state through a corresponding true random number generator and sends the first true random number sequence to a single photon emission module; the single photon emission module sends photons in a corresponding polarization state to the single photon detection module according to the first true random number sequence;
the mobile communication terminal of the receiving party generates a second true random number sequence for selecting a measuring base through a corresponding true random number generator and sends the second true random number sequence to the single photon detection module; the single photon detection module selects a corresponding measurement base according to the second true random number sequence to measure the received photons, and feeds back the obtained photon polarization state information to the mobile communication terminal of the receiver;
(3) The mobile communication terminal of the receiving party tells the mobile communication terminal of the sending party through the classical channel, the mobile communication terminal of the sending party tells the mobile communication terminal of the receiving party through the classical channel which is the correct measuring base sequence, and the two mobile communication terminals can obtain a first quantum key obtained according to a BB84 protocol after negotiation; then, the two mobile communication terminals randomly and publicly compare some key sequences in the first quantum key, when the error rate is smaller than the threshold value, the two terminals continue to carry out bit error correction and privacy amplification, and then the unconditional safe quantum key is obtained between the mobile communication terminal of the sender and the mobile communication terminal of the receiver.
2. The quantum communication method of the mobile communication terminal based on the base station as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mobile communication terminal and the base station are configured with the same key pool, and the mobile communication terminal and the base station select the corresponding random number sequence from the key pool as the symmetric key of the current communication according to a predetermined manner for secret communication each time of communication.
3. A mobile communication terminal quantum communication system based on a base station is characterized by comprising the base station with quantum key distribution equipment and at least two mobile communication terminals with true random number generators, wherein the at least two mobile communication terminals are connected to the Internet through the base station; any two mobile communication terminals within the coverage area of the base station carry out quantum communication by the method of any one of claims 1 to 2.
4. A mobile communication terminal quantum communication method based on base station, characterized by that, the said method is implemented between two mobile communication terminals which access the Internet through different base stations, and connect several quantum repeaters in series through the optic fibre between two base stations in order to form the quantum channel between said two base stations; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) The method comprises the steps that a true random number generator is arranged on a mobile communication terminal, and a quantum key distribution device is arranged on a base station and comprises a single photon emission module and a single photon detection module;
(2) The two mobile communication terminals perform quantum key distribution based on BB84 protocol through quantum channels between the two base stations, and the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that a mobile communication terminal of a sender generates a first true random number sequence for selecting a photon polarization state through a corresponding true random number generator and sends the first true random number sequence to a single photon emission module of a base station of the sender; the single photon emission module of the sender base station sends photons in a corresponding polarization state to the single photon detection module of the receiver base station through a quantum channel according to the first true random number sequence;
the mobile communication terminal of the receiving party generates a second true random number sequence for selecting a measuring base through a corresponding true random number generator and sends the second true random number sequence to a single photon detection module of the base station of the receiving party; the single photon detection module of the receiving party base station selects a corresponding measurement base according to the second true random number sequence to measure the received photons, and the obtained photon polarization state information is fed back to the receiving party mobile communication terminal;
(3) The mobile communication terminal of the receiving party tells the mobile communication terminal of the sending party through the classical channel, the mobile communication terminal of the sending party tells the mobile communication terminal of the receiving party through the classical channel which is the correct measuring base sequence, and the two mobile communication terminals can obtain a first quantum key obtained according to a BB84 protocol after negotiation; then, the two mobile communication terminals randomly and publicly compare some key sequences in the first quantum key, when the error rate is smaller than the threshold value, the two terminals continue to carry out bit error correction and privacy amplification, and then the unconditional safe quantum key is obtained between the mobile communication terminal of the sender and the mobile communication terminal of the receiver.
5. The quantum communication method of mobile communication terminal based on base station as claimed in claim 4, wherein said two mobile communication terminals configure the same key pool with their corresponding base station respectively, and when any one of said mobile communication terminals communicates with its corresponding base station, it selects the corresponding random number sequence from the key pool as the symmetric key of this communication according to the pre-agreed mode to perform the secret communication.
6. A mobile communication terminal quantum communication system based on a base station is characterized by comprising: the system comprises a first base station, a second base station, a first mobile communication terminal, a second mobile communication terminal and a plurality of quantum repeaters, wherein the first base station and the second base station are provided with quantum key distribution equipment; the quantum key distribution equipment comprises a single photon emission module and a single photon detection module;
a first mobile communication terminal accesses the internet through a first base station, and a second mobile communication terminal accesses the internet through a second base station; the first base station and the second base station are connected with a plurality of quantum repeaters in series through optical fibers to form a quantum channel between the two base stations; the first and second mobile communication terminals perform quantum communication by the method of any one of claims 4 to 5.
7. A mobile communication terminal quantum communication method based on base station, characterized by that, the method is implemented between two mobile communication terminals which access the Internet through different base stations, and several repeaters with quantum key distribution device are connected in series through optical fiber between two base stations to form quantum channel between the two base stations; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) The method comprises the steps that a true random number generator is arranged on a mobile communication terminal, and a quantum key distribution device is arranged on a base station and comprises a single photon emission module and a single photon detection module;
(2) The method comprises the steps that a mobile communication terminal of a sender generates a first true random number sequence for selecting a photon polarization state through a corresponding true random number generator and sends the first true random number sequence to a single photon emission module of a base station of the sender; a single photon emission module of a sender base station generates photons in a corresponding polarization state according to a first true random number sequence, then carries out quantum key negotiation with a first repeater based on a BB84 protocol, and takes a key obtained by the negotiation as a relay key;
(3) Quantum communication is carried out between the first repeater and the second repeater based on a BB84 protocol, the relay key is transmitted to the second repeater, and the like, and the repeaters transmit the relay key to the last repeater step by step;
(4) The last repeater carries out quantum communication with the receiving mobile communication terminal through the receiving base station based on BB84 protocol: the last repeater sends random polarization state photons to a receiving end base station, the receiving end base station is communicated with a receiving end mobile communication terminal, corresponding measuring bases are selected according to a true random number sequence which is sent by the receiving end mobile communication terminal and used for selecting the measuring bases to measure the received photons, and the obtained photon polarization state information is fed back to the receiving end mobile communication terminal; the receiving mobile communication terminal and the last repeater confirm the correct measuring base through the classical channel, and then the quantum key of the two parties is obtained; the last relay encrypts a relay key by using a quantum key between the last relay and the mobile communication terminal of the receiving party and transmits the relay key to the mobile communication terminal of the receiving party, and the mobile communication terminal of the receiving party decrypts the relay key to obtain the relay key consistent with the mobile communication terminal of the sending party;
(5) And the sender mobile communication terminal and the receiver mobile communication terminal carry out quantum communication through the relay key.
8. The quantum communication method of mobile communication terminal based on base station as claimed in claim 7, wherein said two mobile communication terminals configure the same key pool with their corresponding base station respectively, and when any one of the mobile communication terminals communicates with its corresponding base station, it selects the corresponding random number sequence from the key pool as the symmetric key of this communication according to the pre-agreed mode to perform secret communication.
9. The method of any one of claims 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, and 8, wherein the BB84 protocol is a spoof-based BB84 protocol.
10. A mobile communication terminal quantum communication system based on a base station is characterized by comprising: the system comprises a first base station, a second base station, a first mobile communication terminal, a second mobile communication terminal and a plurality of repeaters, wherein the first base station and the second base station are provided with quantum key distribution equipment; the quantum key distribution equipment comprises a single photon emission module and a single photon detection module; a first mobile communication terminal accesses the internet through a first base station, and a second mobile communication terminal accesses the internet through a second base station; the first base station and the second base station are connected in series through optical fibers with a plurality of repeaters configured with quantum key distribution equipment to form a quantum channel between the two base stations; the first and second mobile communication terminals perform quantum communication by the method of any one of claims 7 to 8.
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