CN111917466B - Optical fiber fault point monitoring and identifying system and method - Google Patents
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002618 waking effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
- H04B10/075—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
- H04B10/079—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
- H04B10/0791—Fault location on the transmission path
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for monitoring and identifying a fault point of an optical fiber, wherein the system comprises the following steps: a pulsed light source; a circulator; 1 XN photoswitch; n communication optical fibers; the data acquisition units are sequentially arranged on the N communication optical fibers at intervals and are used for generating vibration frequency signals containing position data and unique identification information codes; a photodetector; and the main control module is respectively connected with the pulse light source, the 1 xN optical switch and the photoelectric detector and is used for controlling the output of the pulse light source, controlling the output switching of the 1 xN optical switch, controlling the receiving of the photoelectric detector and identifying the regularly-strained light wave signals and fault point identification. In the embodiment, a distributed sensing system is used for identifying the strain change of fixed position and fixed frequency, a 1 XN optical switch and a multi-optical fiber are combined to construct an optical fiber link matrix, and the vibration fault point is accurately positioned by continuously acquiring the non-vibration signals in the multi-optical fiber and comparing and analyzing the state information of a data acquisition unit of the optical fiber link matrix.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of optical fiber communication, in particular to a system and a method for monitoring and identifying an optical fiber fault point.
Background
The existing optical fiber depends on manual section-by-section point-by-point investigation after being damaged by external force, so that the efficiency is low, a lot of manpower is wasted, and the user experience is seriously influenced. Especially for military use, the optical cable is arranged together with the optical cable, so that the investigation is more difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides an optical fiber fault point monitoring and identifying system which can realize the quick and accurate positioning of the fault point damaged by external force; the invention also provides a method for monitoring and identifying the optical fiber fault point.
According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, an optical fiber fault point monitoring and identifying system comprises: the pulse light source is used for outputting pulse light waves; a circulator having a first port, a second port, and a third port; the first port of the circulator is connected with the output end of the pulse light source; the input end of the 1 xN optical switch is connected with the second port of the circulator; the N communication optical fibers are respectively connected with N output ends of the 1 xN optical switch; the data collectors are sequentially arranged on the N communication optical fibers at intervals and used for generating vibration frequency signals containing position data and unique identification information codes and acting on the outer layers of the communication optical fibers so as to enable the communication optical fibers at the positions to transmit back light wave signals which are strained according to a certain rule; the input end of the photoelectric detector is connected with the third port of the circulator and is used for receiving the regularly strained light wave signal returned by the communication optical fiber; and the main control module is respectively electrically connected with the pulse light source, the 1 xN optical switch and the photoelectric detector and is used for controlling the output of the pulse light source, controlling the output switching of the 1 xN optical switch, controlling the receiving of the photoelectric detector and identifying the optical wave signals and fault points which are strained according to rules.
The optical fiber fault point monitoring and identifying system according to the first embodiment of the invention has at least the following beneficial effects: in the embodiment, a distributed sensing system is used for identifying the strain change of fixed position and fixed frequency, a 1 XN optical switch and a multi-optical fiber are combined to construct an optical fiber link matrix, and the vibration fault point is accurately positioned by continuously acquiring the non-vibration signals in the multi-optical fiber and comparing and analyzing the state information of a data acquisition unit of the optical fiber link matrix.
According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the data collector includes a housing, and a power supply, a control chip, a strain gauge, a positioning chip, and a wake-up switch disposed in the housing, where the power supply supplies power to the control chip, the strain gauge, the positioning chip, and the wake-up switch, the positioning chip is configured to collect position data of the data collector to provide the position data to the control chip, the wake-up switch is configured to wake up the control chip in a standby state to a working state, the control chip is configured to combine and encode a unique identification information code and the position data of the data collector according to a certain rule and control the strain gauge to output a corresponding oscillation frequency signal, and the communication fiber is in contact with the strain gauge.
According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the housing includes an upper cover and a lower cover that are fastened to each other, the upper cover and the lower cover form a channel through which the communication optical fiber passes when fastened, the inner side of the channel has an annular groove, and a flexible circuit board is disposed in the annular groove and used for mounting the power supply, the control chip, the strain gauge, the positioning chip, and the wake-up switch.
According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the strain gauge is an electromagnetic vibrator, the switching time difference of the electromagnetic vibrator is one basic signal element, the duration of the basic signal element is T0, and the waiting time of two adjacent basic signal elements is n × T0, where n is a positive integer.
According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, a trigger switch is provided on the housing to control the power supply of the power source.
According to a second aspect of the invention, an optical fiber fault point monitoring and identifying method includes the following steps: s1, controlling the pulse light source to send pulse light waves; s2, allowing the pulse light waves to enter a communication optical fiber which is sequentially provided with a plurality of data collectors at intervals for segmentation through a circulator; s3, the data collectors respectively generate vibration frequency signals containing position data and unique identification information code combination codes, and the vibration frequency signals act on the outer layer of the communication optical fiber at the position of the data collector, so that light wave signals returned by the communication optical fiber are strained according to a certain rule; s4, controlling the photoelectric detector to receive the light wave signal returned by the circulator in the communication optical fiber to generate a regularly-strained light wave signal; s5, the photoelectric detector transmits the received regularly-strained light wave signals to the main control module, and the main control module identifies the regularly-strained light wave signals to decode the position data, the unique identification information code, the length and the light wave energy intensity of the data collectors; s6, recording the position data, the unique identification information code, the length and the light wave energy intensity of the data collectors as the initial link state information of the current communication optical fiber; s7, controlling the 1 XN optical switch to access N communication optical fibers in turn, and repeating the steps from S1 to S6 to obtain the initial link state information of the N communication optical fibers; s8, controlling the 1 XN optical switches to be uninterruptedly and alternately connected with N communication optical fibers, repeating the steps from S1 to S6, comparing the detected vibration frequency signal with the initial link state information of the communication optical fiber where the current communication optical fiber is located, if the vibration frequency signal is the vibration frequency signal of a non-data collector, calling the state information of the data collector of the communication optical fiber where the current communication optical fiber is located, identifying the optical fiber section where the fault point is located according to the state information of the data collector, and collecting the state information of the data collector with the maximum vibration signal intensity in the adjacent communication optical fibers; and S9, performing three-point positioning calculation by using the positions of the vibration communication optical fibers and the data acquisition devices with the maximum vibration signal intensity corresponding to the adjacent communication optical fibers and the light wave energy to obtain the accurate positions and intensities of the fault points.
The method for monitoring and identifying the optical fiber fault point according to the second embodiment of the invention has at least the following beneficial effects: in the embodiment, a distributed sensing system is used for identifying the strain change of fixed position and fixed frequency, a 1 XN optical switch and a multi-optical fiber are combined to construct an optical fiber link matrix, and the vibration fault point is accurately positioned by continuously acquiring the non-vibration signals in the multi-optical fiber and comparing and analyzing the state information of a data acquisition unit of the optical fiber link matrix.
According to some embodiments of the second aspect of the present invention, a length of the data collector from the starting point is calculated, where L is t12 c r/2, where t12 is a difference between a time of sending the pulsed light source and a time of receiving the photo detector, c is a speed of light, and r is a group refractive index.
According to some embodiments of the second aspect of the present invention, the switching time difference of the vibration signals is one basic signal element, the duration of the basic signal element is T0, and the waiting time of two adjacent basic signal elements is n × T0, where n is a positive integer.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fiber fault point monitoring and identifying system according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a data collector according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a data collector housing according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of a method for monitoring and identifying a failure point of an optical fiber according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
a pulse light source 100, a circulator 200, a 1 XN optical switch 300, and a communication fiber 400;
the device comprises a data acquisition unit 500, a shell 510, an upper cover 511, a lower cover 512, a channel 513, an annular groove 514, a flexible circuit board 515, a power supply 520, a control chip 530, a strain gauge 540, a positioning chip 550, a wake-up switch 560 and a trigger switch 570;
the photoelectric detector 600 and the main control module 700.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship referred to in the description of the orientation, such as the upper, lower, front, rear, left, right, etc., is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly limited, terms such as arrangement, installation, connection and the like should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in combination with the specific contents of the technical solutions.
Referring to fig. 1, a fiber fault point monitoring and identifying system according to an embodiment of a first aspect of the present disclosure includes: a pulsed light source 100 for outputting pulsed light waves; a circulator 200, the circulator 200 having a first port, a second port, and a third port; a first port of the circulator 200 is connected with an output end of the pulse light source 100; a 1 xn optical switch 300, wherein an input terminal of the 1 xn optical switch 300 is connected to the second port of the circulator 200; n communication optical fibers 400, wherein the N communication optical fibers 400 are respectively connected with N output ends of the 1 × N optical switch 300; the data collectors 500 are sequentially arranged on the N communication optical fibers 400 at intervals, and the data collectors 500 are used for generating vibration frequency signals containing position data and unique identification information codes and acting on the outer layers of the communication optical fibers 400 so as to enable the communication optical fibers 400 at the positions to return light wave signals which are strained according to a certain rule; the input end of the photodetector 600 is connected to the third port of the circulator 200, and is configured to receive the regularly strained light wave signal returned by the communication optical fiber 400; the main control module 700 is electrically connected to the pulsed light source 100, the 1 × N optical switch 300, and the photodetector 600 respectively, and is used for controlling the output of the pulsed light source 100, controlling the output switching of the 1 × N optical switch 300, controlling the receiving of the photodetector 500, and identifying the regularly strained lightwave signal and the fault point.
The circulator 200 is configured to implement coupling of light waves, output pulse light waves to the communication optical fiber 400, and output backward reflected and scattered light waves in the communication optical fiber 400 to the photodetector, the data collector 500 is configured to generate a strain frequency sequence containing position data and a unique identification information code according to a certain rule, when strain occurs, a wavelength of a light wave signal reflected and scattered by the communication optical fiber 400 changes along with the strain frequency, and the main control module 600 controls the receiving of the photodetector 500 and identifies the light wave signal strained according to the rule, and compares the identified light wave signal with a subsequently acquired light wave signal to implement fault diagnosis.
In the embodiment, a distributed sensing system is used for identifying the strain change of fixed position and fixed frequency, a 1 XN optical switch and a multi-optical fiber are combined to construct an optical fiber link matrix, and the vibration fault point is accurately positioned by continuously acquiring the non-vibration signals in the multi-optical fiber and comparing and analyzing the state information of a data acquisition unit of the optical fiber link matrix.
In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the data collector 500 includes a housing 510, and a power supply 520, a control chip 530, an emergency device 540, a positioning chip 550, and a wake-up switch 560 that are disposed in the housing 510, where the power supply 520 supplies power to the control chip 530, the emergency device 540, the positioning chip 550, and the wake-up switch 560, the positioning chip 550 is configured to collect position data of the data collector 500 to be provided to the control chip 540, the wake-up switch 560 is configured to wake up the control chip 540 in a standby state to an operating state, the control chip 540 is configured to encode a unique identification information code with the position data of the data collector 500 according to a certain rule combination and control the emergency device 540 to output a corresponding vibration frequency signal, and the communication fiber 400 is in contact with the emergency device 540. The control chip 530 controls the strain gauge 500 to strain according to a certain rule, strains according to a certain time rule, converts the rule into a corresponding long short message number or 0, 1 signal, and finally preferably selects the 0, 1 signal to convert the binary code into a strain signal in combination with the operability and convenience of the system.
The positioning chip 550 is a small-sized and low-power positioning chip, and is compatible with GPS and Beidou satellite positioning. The wake-up switch 560 is a vibration switch, and when the data collector is shaken artificially, the vibration switch is started to wake up the main control module 600 to work.
In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the housing 510 includes an upper cover 511 and a lower cover 512 that are fastened to each other, the upper cover 511 and the lower cover 512 are fastened to form a channel 513 for the communication optical fiber 400 to pass through, an annular groove 514 is formed inside the channel 513, a flexible circuit board 515 is disposed inside the annular groove 514, and the flexible circuit board 515 is used for mounting the power supply 520, the control chip 530, the strain gauge 540, the positioning chip 550, and the wake-up switch 560. The power supply 520 is a flexible battery, and a relatively thin flexible battery can be used in consideration that the system is in a standby state for a long time and the service life required by an actual user is not long.
In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the housing 510 is provided with a trigger switch 570 for controlling the power supply of the power source 520. The trigger switch 570 is pressed by a pressing strip, power supply of the power supply is turned off when the pressing strip is pressed, the pressing strip needs to be pulled out when the intelligent connector box is used, the power supply starts to supply power after the pressing strip is pulled out, and the system works normally. A trigger switch 570 is needed for energy conservation, and the data acquisition unit 500 is started only when the upper cover and the lower cover are fixed on the optical cable and the optical cable contacts the trigger switch 570; the start frequency of the positioning chip 550 is started once at a long time interval; the vibration signal transmission is started for a long time, so that the energy consumption is saved.
In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the strain gauge 540 is an electromagnetic vibrator, a heater, or a stress generator. However, considering factors such as time control and energy consumption control (for example, the heater is not beneficial to heat dissipation control), and finally considering the use of an electromagnetic control vibrator; the single vibration has certain characteristics of the vibration waveform, but because the single vibration is influenced by factors such as interference, distance and the like, the accuracy rate is risky when an accurate characteristic point needs to be identified, but the scheme only identifies the vibration and continuous vibration time, and the method is easy to realize.
In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the strain gauge 540 is an electromagnetic vibrator, the switching time difference of the electromagnetic vibrator is one basic signal element, the duration of the basic signal element is T0, and the waiting time of two adjacent basic signal elements is n × T0, where n is a positive integer. The wake-up switch 560 adopts a vibration switch, the starting force of the vibration switch is larger than that of the electromagnetic vibrator, and the vibration switch is prevented from being interfered when the electromagnetic vibrator vibrates; when a fault point is searched on site, the data acquisition unit can be shaken vigorously, the shaking force triggers the vibration switch, the vibration switch is started, and the data information of the duration of the vibration response of the optical cable is obtained.
As shown in fig. 4, a method for monitoring and identifying a fault point of an optical fiber according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention includes the following steps:
s1, controlling the pulse light source to send pulse light waves;
s2, allowing the pulse light waves to enter a communication optical fiber which is sequentially provided with a plurality of data collectors at intervals for segmentation through a circulator;
s3, the data collectors respectively generate vibration frequency signals containing position data (such as longitude and latitude) and unique identification information code combination codes (according to a certain binary marshalling rule, forming a combination of strain time and interval time), and the vibration frequency signals act on the outer layer of the communication optical fiber at the position of the data collector, so that the light wave signals returned by the communication optical fiber are strained according to a certain rule;
s4, controlling the photoelectric detector to receive the light wave signal returned by the circulator in the communication optical fiber to generate a regularly-strained light wave signal;
s5, the photoelectric detector transmits the received regularly-strained light wave signals to the main control module, and the main control module identifies the regularly-strained light wave signals to decode the position data, the unique identification information code, the length and the light wave energy intensity of the data collectors;
s6, recording the position data, the unique identification information code, the length and the light wave energy intensity of the data collectors as the initial link state information of the current communication optical fiber;
s7, controlling the 1 XN optical switch to access N communication optical fibers in turn, and repeating the steps from S1 to S6 to obtain the initial link state information of the N communication optical fibers;
s8, controlling the 1 XN optical switches to be uninterruptedly and alternately connected with N communication optical fibers, repeating the steps from S1 to S6, comparing the detected vibration frequency signal with the initial link state information of the communication optical fiber where the current communication optical fiber is located, if the vibration frequency signal is the vibration frequency signal of a non-data collector, calling the state information of the data collector of the communication optical fiber where the current communication optical fiber is located, identifying the optical fiber section where the fault point is located according to the state information of the data collector, and collecting the state information of the data collector with the maximum vibration signal intensity in the adjacent communication optical fibers;
and S9, performing three-point positioning calculation by using the positions of the vibration communication optical fibers and the data acquisition devices with the maximum vibration signal intensity corresponding to the adjacent communication optical fibers and the light wave energy to obtain the accurate positions and intensities of the fault points.
In the embodiment, a distributed sensing system is used for identifying the strain change of fixed position and fixed frequency, a 1 XN optical switch and a multi-optical fiber are combined to construct an optical fiber link matrix, and the vibration fault point is accurately positioned by continuously acquiring the non-vibration signals in the multi-optical fiber and comparing and analyzing the state information of a data acquisition unit of the optical fiber link matrix.
In some embodiments of the second aspect of the present invention, the vibration frequency signal is a vibration signal, a temperature signal or a stress signal. When the optical fiber is affected by external environment (such as temperature, pressure, vibration, etc.), parameters such as intensity, phase, frequency, polarization state, etc. of the transmitted light in the optical fiber will change correspondingly.
In some embodiments of the second aspect of the present invention, the length of the data collector from the starting point is calculated, where L is t12 c r/2, where t12 is the difference between the time the pulsed light source is sent and the time the photodetector is received, c is the speed of light, and r is the refractive index of the cluster.
In some embodiments of the second aspect of the present invention, the dither signal is a vibration signal, the switching time difference of the vibration signal is a basic signal element, the duration of the basic signal element is T0, and the waiting time of two adjacent basic signal elements is n × T0, where n is a positive integer.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. An optical fiber fault point monitoring and identifying system, comprising:
a pulsed light source (100) for outputting a pulsed light wave;
a circulator (200), the circulator (200) having a first port, a second port, a third port; the first port of the circulator (200) is connected with the output end of the pulse light source (100);
a 1 xN optical switch (300), an input end of the 1 xN optical switch (300) is connected with a second port of the circulator (200);
n communication optical fibers (400), wherein the N communication optical fibers (400) are respectively connected with N output ends of the 1 xN optical switch (300);
the data collectors (500) are sequentially arranged on the N communication optical fibers (400) at intervals, and the data collectors (500) are used for generating vibration frequency signals containing position data and unique identification information codes and acting on the outer layers of the communication optical fibers (400) so that the communication optical fibers (400) at the positions return light wave signals which are strained according to a certain rule;
the input end of the photoelectric detector (600) is connected with the third port of the circulator (200) and is used for receiving the regularly strained light wave signal returned by the communication optical fiber (400);
the main control module (700) is respectively and electrically connected with the pulse light source (100), the 1 xN optical switch (300) and the photoelectric detector (600) and is used for controlling the output of the pulse light source (100), controlling the output switching of the 1 xN optical switch (300), controlling the receiving of the photoelectric detector (500) and identifying the regularly strained light wave signals and fault points;
the data collector (500) comprises a shell (510), and a power supply (520), a control chip (530), a strain gauge (540), a positioning chip (550) and a wake-up switch (560) which are arranged in the shell (510), the power supply (520) supplies power to the control chip (530), the strain gauge (540), the positioning chip (550) and the wake-up switch (560), the positioning chip (550) is used for collecting the position data of the data collector (500) to be provided for the control chip (530), the wake-up switch (560) is used for waking up the control chip (530) in a standby state to a working state, the control chip (530) is used for encoding the unique identification information code and the position data of the data collector (500) in a combined mode according to a certain rule and controlling the strain gauge (540) to output a corresponding vibration frequency signal, and the communication optical fiber (400) is in contact with the strain gauge (540).
2. The fiber fault point monitoring and identification system of claim 1, wherein: casing (510) are including upper cover (511), lower cover (512) that mutual lock connects, constitute when upper cover (511), lower cover (512) lock and have passageway (513) that supply communication optical fiber (400) to wear to establish, passageway (513) inboard has annular groove (514), be provided with flexible circuit board (515) in annular groove (514), flexible circuit board (515) are used for the installation power (520), control chip (530), strainers (540), location chip (550), awaken switch (560).
3. The fiber fault point monitoring and identification system of claim 1, wherein: the strain gauge (540) is an electromagnetic vibrator, the switching time difference of the electromagnetic vibrator is a basic signal element, the duration of the basic signal element is T0, and the waiting time of two adjacent basic signal elements is n T0, wherein n is a positive integer.
4. The fiber fault point monitoring and identification system of claim 1, wherein: and a trigger switch (570) for controlling the power supply of the power supply (520) is arranged on the shell (510).
5. An optical fiber fault point monitoring and identifying method applied to the optical fiber fault point monitoring and identifying system of any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: comprises the following steps
S1, controlling the pulse light source to send pulse light waves;
s2, allowing the pulse light waves to enter a communication optical fiber which is sequentially provided with a plurality of data collectors at intervals for segmentation through a circulator;
s3, the data collectors respectively generate vibration frequency signals containing position data and unique identification information code combination codes, and the vibration frequency signals act on the outer layer of the communication optical fiber at the position of the data collector, so that light wave signals returned by the communication optical fiber are strained according to a certain rule;
s4, controlling the photoelectric detector to receive the light wave signal returned by the circulator in the communication optical fiber to generate a regularly-strained light wave signal;
s5, the photoelectric detector transmits the received regularly-strained light wave signals to the main control module, and the main control module identifies the regularly-strained light wave signals to decode the position data, the unique identification information code, the length and the light wave energy intensity of the data collectors;
s6, recording the position data, the unique identification information code, the length and the light wave energy intensity of the data collectors as the initial link state information of the current communication optical fiber;
s7, controlling the 1 XN optical switch to access N communication optical fibers in turn, and repeating the steps from S1 to S6 to obtain the initial link state information of the N communication optical fibers;
s8, controlling the 1 XN optical switches to be uninterruptedly and alternately connected with N communication optical fibers, repeating the steps from S1 to S6, comparing the detected vibration frequency signal with the initial link state information of the communication optical fiber where the current communication optical fiber is located, if the vibration frequency signal is the vibration frequency signal of a non-data collector, calling the state information of the data collector of the communication optical fiber where the current communication optical fiber is located, identifying the optical fiber section where the fault point is located according to the state information of the data collector, and collecting the state information of the data collector with the maximum vibration signal intensity in the adjacent communication optical fibers;
and S9, performing three-point positioning calculation by using the positions of the vibration communication optical fibers and the data acquisition devices with the maximum vibration signal intensity corresponding to the adjacent communication optical fibers and the light wave energy to obtain the accurate positions and intensities of the fault points.
6. The method for monitoring and identifying the optical fiber fault point as claimed in claim 5, wherein: and calculating the length of the data acquisition unit from the starting point, wherein the length L is t12 c r/2, t12 is the difference between the sending time of the pulse light source and the receiving time of the photoelectric detector, c is the light speed, and r is the group refractive index.
7. The method for monitoring and identifying the optical fiber fault point as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the switching time difference of the vibration signals is one basic signal element, the duration of the basic signal element is T0, and the waiting time of two adjacent basic signal elements is n T0, wherein n is a positive integer.
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