CN111916912B - Low-profile three-dimensional distributed conformal large-range scanning array antenna - Google Patents
Low-profile three-dimensional distributed conformal large-range scanning array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN111916912B CN111916912B CN202010614453.9A CN202010614453A CN111916912B CN 111916912 B CN111916912 B CN 111916912B CN 202010614453 A CN202010614453 A CN 202010614453A CN 111916912 B CN111916912 B CN 111916912B
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Abstract
The invention provides a low-profile three-dimensional distributed conformal large-range scanning array antenna, wherein antenna unit positions in the topology of the array antenna are uniformly distributed on a rotating curved surface carrier formed by rotating a reference line around a specific axis according to an annular shape; the datum line is formed by connecting one smooth convex curve with another smooth concave curve, and the vertical direction of the right end point of the concave curve is a rotating shaft; the number of rings in the antenna topology is determined according to uniform point taking on a rotating reference line, and antenna units on the curved surface carrier after rotation are distributed according to equal arc intervals; the direction of the unit on the rotating curved surface is the normal direction of the tangent plane corresponding to the position of the antenna unit. The invention is based on the three-dimensional distributed virtual caliber synthesis principle, realizes the scanning range of the hemispherical airspace beam under the low profile by combining with the specially designed conformal curved surface carrier, and overcomes the problem that the scanning range of the array antenna is limited on the premise of the low profile.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of conformal antenna arrays, and particularly relates to a low-profile three-dimensional distributed conformal large-range scanning array antenna.
Background
With the wide application of scanning antenna arrays in numerous military and civil fields such as satellite communication, radar and the like, higher and higher requirements are put forward on the scanning range, physical size and performance of the scanning antenna arrays, and it is desired to realize an ultra-large scanning range above a hemispherical airspace at a section as low as possible. Existing scanning antenna arrays can be mainly classified into two categories: planar scanning antenna arrays and conformal scanning antenna arrays. The planar scanning antenna array is widely used due to the excellent characteristics of thin section, small volume, light weight, easy integration and the like. However, the scanning range of the planar scanning antenna array is generally limited to about ± 60 °, and the gain decreases violently with the increase of the scanning angle in the scanning process, so that the planar scanning antenna array cannot realize a wider-range scanning. Different from a planar scanning antenna array, antenna units in the conformal scanning antenna array are not distributed on the same plane any more, but are conformal on the surface of a three-dimensional carrier, so that the beam scanning range can easily realize coverage above a hemispherical area, and the fluctuation of antenna gain is small in the scanning process. However, the conformal scanning antenna array is usually redundant in volume and high in overall profile, which results in poor assembly stability and high space size requirement. Achieving a larger angular scan range with as low a profile as possible is a major challenge.
The prior art scheme for realizing hemispherical airspace ultra-large range scanning adopts a conformal antenna array such as a spherical conformal antenna array (see [1] - [2 ]: 1. b.p.kumar, c.kumar, v.s.kumar and v.v.srinivasan, "Active spatial array for satellite payload data transmission-division," IEEE trans.antenna processing, vol.63, No.11, pp.4783-4791, No. 2. y.f.wu and y.j.chemical, "S-substrate pulsed spatial coherent spatial array for satellite payload antenna array antenna, and" 2016IEEE International beam antenna on observation: application and spatial array antenna), but the problem of difficulty in realizing the hemispherical airspace scanning, global beam scanning, high spatial beam scanning, and high spatial beam scanning is caused by the problems of the conformal array antenna (see [1] - [2] y.f.wu and y.j.g., "S-substrate pulsed spatial array antenna), and the problem of global spatial scanning is solved, and the problem of high spatial scanning is caused by the overall high spatial scanning of the requirements of the hemisphere scanning.
The three-dimensional distributed conformal large-range scanning array antenna provides a new idea for solving the problem of realizing the beam scanning range above a hemispherical airspace under a low profile. Generally speaking, a traditional spherical conformal antenna array is designed by depending on a spherical carrier, and if the shape of the carrier is fully utilized to reduce the overall section, the beam scanning of a hemispherical airspace can be realized on the premise of ensuring a low section by combining a three-dimensional distributed aperture synthesis mechanism. Therefore, the method has high research significance for realizing low-profile lower hemispherical airspace scanning based on the three-dimensional distributed conformal scanning array antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problem that the overall volume redundancy section of a spherical conformal scanning antenna array is too high in the design of the scanning antenna array, provides a conformal antenna topology for realizing hemispherical airspace scanning under a low section based on a three-dimensional distributed conformal large-range scanning array antenna, and makes full use of the distributed aperture synthesis mechanism of the antenna to make up the performance loss after the overall section of the antenna is reduced by reasonably designing the shape of a conformal carrier, so that the problem of realizing hemispherical airspace large-range scanning under the premise of low section is solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a low-profile three-dimensional distributed conformal large-range scanning array antenna is provided, wherein a plurality of antenna units 4 distributed on a rotating curved surface carrier 3 exist in the antenna topology, and the rotating curved surface carrier 3 is formed by rotating a reference line for 360 degrees around a rotating shaft; the datum line is formed by connecting one smooth convex curve 1 with another smooth concave curve 2, and the vertical direction of the right end point of the smooth concave curve 2 is a rotating shaft; the starting points of the plurality of antenna units are arranged on the smooth convex curve 1 at equal linear intervals, the starting points of the plurality of antenna units are arranged on the smooth convex curve 2 at equal linear intervals, and the linear intervals are d1The starting point of each antenna unit rotates 360 degrees around the rotating shaft to form a corresponding ring 5, and the antenna units 4 on each layer of ring 5 are arranged at equal arc intervalsAre uniformly arranged, and the arc interval is d2And the direction of the unit on the rotating curved surface is the normal direction of the position of the antenna unit corresponding to the tangent plane.
Preferably, the reference line is located on the xoz plane, the starting point of the smooth convex curve 1 is located at the origin of coordinates, and the right end point of the concave curve 2 is located at a position a1The connecting point of the smooth convex curve 1 and the smooth concave curve 2 is positioned at a position a0The curve function equations of the smooth convex curve 1 and the smooth concave curve 2 corresponding to the xoz plane are respectively that z is f1(x)，z＝f2(x) And satisfies the equation set:
the rotating curved surface carrier 3 is wound around the rotating shaft x ═ a according to the reference line1And rotating 360 degrees.
Preferably, the starting points of the antenna units are arranged on the reference line at a linear distance d1Uniformly taking points, wherein the corresponding position of the starting point of the antenna unit of each layer of ring on the reference line is xnAnd the starting point of the first antenna element on the smooth convex curve 1 is located at the origin of coordinates, namely x1And (3) setting the curve function equation on the xoz plane corresponding to the reference line as z as g (x), and then the starting point position of the antenna unit of each layer of loop satisfies the equation:
[g(xn+1)-g(xn)]2+(xn+1-xn)2＝d1 2
the antenna units 4 in the antenna topology are at equal arc spacing d2Uniformly distributed on each layer of ring 5 on the rotating curved surface, and the distance between the nth layer of ring and the rotating shaft is a1-xn(ii) a The number of the antenna units uniformly arranged on the nth layer of ring is m ═ 2 pi (a)1-xn)/d2]And the final result takes the integer part of m.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention provides a three-dimensional low-profile distributed conformal array antenna topology. The antenna topology breaks through the design idea of the traditional conformal antenna, fully utilizes the shape of the conformal carrier to reduce the profile height of the whole antenna, realizes the scanning range of the hemispherical airspace beam on the premise of low profile, and overcomes the problem that the scanning range of the antenna is limited while the profile is reduced.
(2) The invention provides a method for synthesizing distributed apertures of antenna units in different areas, which can compensate the scanning performance of the antenna after the overall section of the antenna is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the rotation reference line.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the surface of revolution formed by the rotation of the reference line.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the location of a three-dimensional low-profile distributed conformal large-area scanning array antenna element.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional distributed virtual caliber synthesis mechanism.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a specific example design topology.
FIG. 6 is a specific example test simulation contrast pattern.
Fig. 7 is a normalized directional diagram for different scan angles simulated by the specific example.
1 is a smooth convex curve, 2 is a smooth concave curve, 3 is a rotating curved surface carrier, 4 is an antenna unit, and 5 is a ring.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
In this embodiment, a three-dimensional low-profile distributed conformal large-area scanning array antenna is provided.
A low-profile three-dimensional distributed conformal large-range scanning array antenna is characterized in that a plurality of antenna units 4 distributed on a rotating curved surface carrier 3 exist in the antenna topology, and the rotating curved surface carrier 3 is wound by a reference lineThe rotating shaft rotates 360 degrees; the datum line is formed by connecting one smooth convex curve 1 with another smooth concave curve 2, and the vertical direction of the right end point of the smooth concave curve 2 is a rotating shaft; the starting points of the plurality of antenna units are arranged on the smooth convex curve 1 at equal linear intervals, the starting points of the plurality of antenna units are arranged on the smooth convex curve 2 at equal linear intervals, and the linear intervals are d1The starting point of each antenna unit rotates 360 degrees around the rotating shaft to form a corresponding ring 5, the antenna units 4 on each layer of ring 5 are uniformly distributed at equal arc intervals, and the arc intervals are d2And the direction of the unit on the rotating curved surface is the normal direction of the position of the antenna unit corresponding to the tangent plane.
The datum line is positioned on the xoz plane, the starting point of the smooth convex curve 1 is positioned at the origin of coordinates, and the right end point of the concave curve 2 is positioned at a1The connecting point of the smooth convex curve 1 and the smooth concave curve 2 is positioned at a position a0The curve function equations of the smooth convex curve 1 and the smooth concave curve 2 corresponding to the xoz plane are respectively that z is f1(x)，z＝f2(x) And satisfies the equation set:
the rotating curved surface carrier 3 is wound around the rotating shaft x ═ a according to the reference line1And rotating 360 degrees.
The starting points of the antenna units are arranged on the reference line according to a straight line distance d1Uniformly taking points, wherein the corresponding position of the starting point of the antenna unit of each layer of ring on the reference line is xnAnd the starting point of the first antenna element on the smooth convex curve 1 is located at the origin of coordinates, namely x1And (3) setting the curve function equation on the xoz plane corresponding to the reference line as z as g (x), and then the starting point position of the antenna unit of each layer of loop satisfies the equation:
[g(xn+1)-g(xn)]2+(xn+1-xn)2＝d1 2
the antenna units 4 in the antenna topology are at equal arc spacing d2Is evenly dividedArranged on each layer of ring 5 on the rotating curved surface, the n-th layer of ring is a distance a from the rotating shaft1-xn(ii) a The number of the antenna units uniformly arranged on the nth layer of ring is m ═ 2 pi (a)1-xn)/d2]And the final result takes the integer part of m.
The overall position of the antenna unit is schematically shown in fig. 3.
The units located at different regions on the conformal carrier cooperate to achieve distributed virtual aperture synthesis, thereby making up for the low profile down-scan performance, as shown in fig. 4. The antenna unit is a circularly polarized omnidirectional radiation unit, which radiates electric field
Can be given by (3):
the radiated electric field at the far field point P (R, theta, phi)
Can be given by (4):
wherein:
ζnm＝±υnm±φnm atθ＝θ0,φ＝φ0 (7)
E0is a constant number of times, and is,
in order to correspond to the unit coordinates theta,
a unit vector of directions; deltanmIndicating the operating state of the antenna element, delta nm1 represents that the unit works, otherwise, the unit does not work;
is the coordinate theta under the global coordinate system,
a unit vector of directions;
a vector with an origin pointing to the mth antenna element on the nth loop,
is a unit vector in the r direction; k 2 pi/λ is the propagation constant;
is the normal vector of the mth antenna unit on the nth ring; omega is angular frequency; alpha's'nIs directed at an angle, β ', to the z-axis of the m-th antenna element on the n-th ring'nmThe direction of the mth antenna unit on the nth ring forms a positive included angle with the x axis;
in order to simplify the design difficulty, in this embodiment, the curve function equations corresponding to the smooth convex curve 1 and the smooth concave curve 2 are respectively shown in (11) and (12):
f1(x)＝(x2+400x)1/2 (11)
f2(x)＝242-(x2+400x)1/2 (12)
the rotating surface carrier 3 contains a total of 5 rings, the number of the corresponding units on each ring is 16, 14, 11, 6 and 1, and the whole structure is shown in fig. 5.
The center operating frequency of the present embodiment is 2.45 GHz; in consideration of conformal design, the selected unit is a circular polarization patch antenna array. Fig. 6 is a graph of comparison results of the patterns at 3 typical angles of simulation and test, and it can be seen from the graph that the antenna has high coincidence degree of the test patterns and the simulation patterns at 3 different angles, and the effectiveness of distributed virtual aperture synthesis is proved. Fig. 7 is a graph of simulated normalized field intensity patterns at different angles, and it can be seen that the antenna can achieve a scanning range of ± 90 °.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise; all of the disclosed features, or all of the method or process steps, may be combined in any combination, except mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Claims (2)
1. A low-profile three-dimensional distributed conformal large-range scanning array antenna is characterized in that: the antenna topology is provided with a plurality of antenna units (4) distributed on a rotating curved surface carrier (3), and the rotating curved surface carrier (3) is formed by rotating 360 degrees around a rotating shaft by a reference line; the datum line is formed by connecting one smooth convex curve (1) with the other smooth concave curve (2), and the vertical direction of the right end point of the smooth concave curve (2) is a rotating shaft; the starting points of the antenna units are arranged on the smooth convex curve (1) at equal linear intervals, the starting points of the antenna units are arranged on the smooth concave curve (2) at equal linear intervals, and the linear intervals are d1The starting point of each antenna element is woundThe rotating shaft rotates for 360 degrees to form a corresponding ring (5), the antenna units (4) on each layer of ring (5) are uniformly arranged at equal arc intervals, and the arc intervals are d2The direction of the unit on the rotating curved surface is the normal direction of the tangent plane corresponding to the position of the antenna unit;
the datum line is positioned on the xoz plane, the starting point of the smooth convex curve (1) is positioned at the origin of coordinates, and the right end point of the smooth concave curve (2) is positioned at a position a1The position of the connecting point of the smooth convex curve (1) and the smooth concave curve (2) is a0The curve function equations of the smooth convex curve (1) and the smooth concave curve (2) corresponding to the xoz plane are respectively that z is f1(x)，z＝f2(x) And satisfies the equation set:
the rotating curved surface carrier (3) is wound around a rotating shaft x ═ a according to the reference line1And rotating 360 degrees.
2. The low profile three dimensional distributed conformal wide range scanning array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the starting points of the antenna units are arranged on the reference line according to a straight line distance d1Uniformly taking points, wherein the corresponding position of the starting point of the antenna unit of each layer of ring on the reference line is xnAnd the starting point of the first antenna unit on the smooth convex curve (1) is positioned at the origin of coordinates, namely x1And (3) setting the curve function equation on the xoz plane corresponding to the reference line as z as g (x), and then the starting point position of the antenna unit of each layer of loop satisfies the equation:
[g(xn+1)-g(xn)]2+(xn+1-xn)2＝d1 2
the antenna elements (4) in the antenna topology are equidistant d from each other2Uniformly distributed on each layer of ring (5) on the rotating curved surface, and the distance between the nth layer of ring and the rotating shaft is a1-xn(ii) a The number of the antenna units uniformly arranged on the nth layer of ring is m ═ 2 pi (a)1-xn)/d2]And the final result takes the integer part of m.
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