CN111916236A - Modular hydrogen explosion experiment research system and method with circulation loop - Google Patents
Modular hydrogen explosion experiment research system and method with circulation loop Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a modular hydrogen explosion experiment research system and method with a circulation loop, wherein the system comprises a cylindrical test body and a data measurement subsystem, the test body comprises a plurality of modular pressure-bearing cylinders, and the modular pressure-bearing cylinders are sequentially connected in series and communicated; a plurality of measuring points are arranged in each modular pressure-bearing cylinder body, and each measuring point is electrically connected with the data measuring subsystem; an ignition device is arranged at one end in the test body, and a plurality of annular orifice plate turbulence arrays are arranged in each modular pressure bearing cylinder; the device also comprises a gas injection subsystem, a vacuumizing subsystem and a gas circulation subsystem, wherein the gas injection subsystem is communicated with one side of the test body, and the other side of the test body is communicated with the vacuumizing subsystem; the gas circulation subsystem is communicated with the test body to form a gas closed circulation loop. The system design of the invention has the characteristics of modular design, simple assembly and high flame combustion speed measurement precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pressurized water reactor severe accident hydrogen blasting experiment, in particular to a modular hydrogen blasting experiment research system and method with a circulation loop.
Background
Under the condition of a serious accident, hydrogen enters the containment vessel and is mixed with air to form a combustible mixture, the combustible mixture is subjected to combustion and explosion under a certain condition, and the generated pressure load directly threatens the structural integrity of the containment vessel. The measures such as the hydrogen recombiner, the igniter and the like adopted at present can reduce the volume and the duration of the combustible gas cloud cluster, but cannot exclude the possibility of flame acceleration in the combustion process. In accidents of the Sanli island and the Fudao, the integrity of the containment vessel and the internal structures thereof is seriously damaged by the generated pressure shock wave due to the explosion of the hydrogen mixed gas in the containment vessel.
At present, a series of combustion analysis tools developed in the nuclear industry have low prediction accuracy on a flame propagation process, and due to the lack of high-accuracy turbulent flame combustion speed experimental data on a hydrogen flame acceleration process, the verification requirements of a flame acceleration mechanism model are difficult to meet. In the aspect of experimental research, a nuclear energy research institution establishes a hydrogen flame acceleration experimental research device internationally, for example, a german THAI device, the device body of the device is a cylinder body with the height of about 9.0m and the inner diameter of 3.2m, and a spoiler is not arranged in the device body, so that the device is only suitable for the experimental research requirement of the hydrogen slow burning stage; for a hydrogen deflagration stage research device, such as an ENACEF device in France, an experiment body main body is a vertical pipeline, a spoiler is arranged inside the experiment body and used for enhancing airflow disturbance in a flame propagation process so as to induce a flame acceleration process, and the device mainly focuses on a flame acceleration phenomenon under a gas concentration layering condition in a height direction, but not a flame acceleration process under a uniform premixed concentration condition; for example, the hydrogen flame accelerating device of aachen university, germany, the experiment body adopts a horizontal tube design, a turbulent hole plate is arranged inside the experiment body, an interlayer is designed on the barrel wall of the experiment body, heatable fluid is injected into the interlayer and is used for research requirements of the combustion process of the premixed hydrogen flame under different initial gas temperature conditions, but the device is not provided with a gas circulation loop, so that the establishment time of the initial gas premixing condition is longer.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at least one defect in the background art, the invention provides a modular hydrogen explosion experiment research system and a modular hydrogen explosion experiment research method with a circulation loop, which solve the problems, and the system and the method are a mechanism research experiment device aiming at the hydrogen explosion process in a nuclear reactor safety barrier, and can simulate the whole process development process from ignition to explosion of a premixed hydrogen-air mixture until final explosion; the system is provided with the gas circulation loop, so that the initial experimental condition of full premixing of gas can be established in a short time; the system is provided with two sets of high-speed data acquisition subsystems, and the high-precision measurement of the turbulent combustion speed is realized by adopting a method of combining pressure load data and flame frontal surface temperature data.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a modular hydrogen explosion experiment research system with a circulation loop comprises a cylindrical test body and a data measurement subsystem, wherein the test body comprises a plurality of modular pressure-bearing cylinders, and the modular pressure-bearing cylinders are sequentially connected in series and communicated; a plurality of measuring points are arranged in each modular pressure-bearing cylinder body, and each measuring point is electrically connected with the data measuring subsystem; an ignition device is arranged at one end in the test body, and a plurality of annular orifice plate turbulence arrays are arranged in each modular pressure bearing cylinder;
the device also comprises a gas injection subsystem, a vacuumizing subsystem and a gas circulation subsystem, wherein the gas injection subsystem is communicated with one side of the test body, and the other side of the test body is communicated with the vacuumizing subsystem; the gas circulation subsystem is communicated with the test body to form a gas closed circulation loop;
the ignition device is used for triggering the hydrogen combustion process; the annular orifice plate turbulence array is used for enhancing the upstream airflow disturbance of the flame front surface so as to initiate a flame acceleration process; the data measurement subsystem is used for synchronously recording pressure and temperature change data at different measurement points through the data measurement subsystem after the ignition device is triggered; the gas injection subsystem is used for establishing the concentration of the premixed combustible hydrogen-air mixed gas required by the experiment; the vacuumizing subsystem is used for vacuumizing impurity gases possibly existing in the system in the process of establishing the gas concentration and maintaining the negative pressure condition required by injecting the hydrogen-air mixed gas into the experimental system; the gas circulation subsystem is used for fully mixing the hydrogen-air mixed gas, so that the hydrogen concentration of each part in the test body is the same.
The working principle is as follows:
a series of combustion analysis tools developed in the nuclear industry have low prediction accuracy on a flame propagation process, and due to the lack of high-accuracy turbulence flame combustion speed experimental data on a hydrogen flame acceleration process, the verification requirements of a flame acceleration mechanism model are difficult to meet. In the aspect of experimental research, a nuclear energy research institution establishes a hydrogen flame acceleration experimental research device internationally, for example, a german THAI device, the device body of the device is a cylinder body with the height of about 9.0m and the inner diameter of 3.2m, and a spoiler is not arranged in the device body, so that the device is only suitable for the experimental research requirement of the hydrogen slow burning stage; for a hydrogen deflagration stage research device, such as an ENACEF device in France, an experiment body main body is a vertical pipeline, a spoiler is arranged inside the experiment body and used for enhancing airflow disturbance in a flame propagation process so as to induce a flame acceleration process, and the device mainly focuses on a flame acceleration phenomenon under a gas concentration layering condition in a height direction, but not a flame acceleration process under a uniform premixed concentration condition; for example, the hydrogen flame accelerating device of aachen university, germany, the experiment body adopts a horizontal tube design, a turbulent hole plate is arranged inside the experiment body, an interlayer is designed on the barrel wall of the experiment body, heatable fluid is injected into the interlayer and is used for research requirements of the combustion process of the premixed hydrogen flame under different initial gas temperature conditions, but the device is not provided with a gas circulation loop, so that the establishment time of the initial gas premixing condition is longer.
Therefore, the invention belongs to a flame acceleration process experimental research system designed to meet the research requirement of hydrogen explosion mechanism under the severe accident condition of a pressurized water nuclear reactor containment, and the important parameter of high-precision turbulent combustion, namely flame turbulent combustion speed, can be obtained through a hydrogen flame acceleration experiment carried out on the device; the invention provides a mechanism experimental research system which meets the research requirements of the occurrence and development processes of hydrogen explosion in a containment vessel under the serious accident of a pressurized water reactor and is designed for accurately obtaining the key parameters of turbulent combustion speed of flame frontal surface. The test body and the internal obstacles (namely the annular orifice plate turbulence array) of the system are in modular detachable design, the assembly is convenient, and the number of the modules of the test body can be increased or decreased and the space between the obstacles can be changed to meet the requirements of experimental measurement in different development stages of the hydrogen flame acceleration process; meanwhile, a method of combining pressure measurement data and temperature measurement data is adopted to realize high-precision measurement of the turbulent combustion speed, the pressure and temperature change data are synchronously recorded by means of a data measurement subsystem, and the hydrogen turbulent flame propagation speed is calculated by comparing the pressure and temperature data; compared with the turbulent flame propagation speed which is calculated by only depending on pressure data or temperature data, the reliability is higher. In addition, the system is additionally provided with a gas circulation subsystem, the gas circulation subsystem is communicated with the test body to form a circulation loop, and the initial uniform premixing of the combustible gas mixture in the tube of the test body is ensured through closed gas circulation.
The system design of the invention has the characteristics of modular design, simple assembly and high flame combustion speed measurement precision; the method can completely realize the whole combustion process of the hydrogen-air combustible mixture, can provide high-precision experimental data for the research on the hydrogen flame acceleration mechanism under the serious accident condition of the pressurized water reactor containment, and is suitable for the mechanism research on the combustion and explosion process of the hydrogen-air combustible mixture of the pressurized water reactor containment.
The device has better function expansibility, meets the requirement of researching the mechanism of the hydrogen combustion and explosion process of the pressurized water reactor containment, has important significance for enhancing the basic research and development level of nuclear power technology in China and improving the safety characteristic under the serious accident of autonomous nuclear power in China, and has wide market prospect.
Furthermore, each annular pore plate turbulence array is arranged along the vertical surface direction of the modular pressure-bearing cylinder body.
Furthermore, the annular pore plate turbulence array comprises a plurality of rows of annular pore plates and support rods which are arranged at equal intervals, a plurality of small holes are uniformly formed in the axial direction of each annular pore plate, and the rod-shaped support rods are connected in series with the annular pore plates through the small holes to form the turbulence array. Annular pore plates (serving as turbulent pore plates) in the test body are connected through supporting rods, and the distance and the number of the annular pore plates are adjustable; the detachable design is convenient for quick installation and disassembly, and meets the research requirements of different barrier geometrical configurations on the hydrogen flame acceleration feedback mechanism.
Furthermore, the cross section geometric shapes of the modular pressure-bearing cylinder and the annular pore plate are centrosymmetric circles or round holes; and the calculation modeling of numerical simulation analysis is facilitated.
Furthermore, the measuring points are arranged on the side wall in the modular pressure bearing cylinder body, a plurality of openings are formed in the side wall in each modular pressure bearing cylinder body, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor are arranged in each opening, and the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are both electrically connected with the data measuring subsystem.
Furthermore, the pressure sensor is arranged at the top end of the modular pressure-bearing cylinder body, and the temperature sensor is arranged at the bottom end of the modular pressure-bearing cylinder body; and pressure sensors are arranged between the adjacent annular pore plate turbulence arrays.
Further, the gas injection subsystem comprises a positive pressure hydrogen gas storage tank, an air storage tank and a pipeline, the hydrogen gas storage tank is communicated with the injection end of the test body through the pipeline, and the air storage tank is communicated with the injection end of the test body through the pipeline; and a hydrogen flow regulating valve is arranged between the hydrogen storage tank and the injection end of the test body, and an air flow regulating valve is arranged between the air storage tank and the injection end of the test body.
Further, the vacuumizing subsystem comprises an exhaust gas recovery tank, a vacuum pump and a pipeline, wherein the exhaust gas recovery tank is connected with the vacuum pump through the pipeline, and the vacuum pump is communicated with the output end of the test body through the pipeline; and an exhaust gas discharge valve is arranged between the vacuum pump and the output end of the test body.
Further, the gas circulation subsystem comprises a circulating pump and a pipeline, one end of the circulating pump is communicated with the injection end of the test body through the pipeline, the other end of the circulating pump is communicated with the output end of the test body through the pipeline, and a circulating loop valve is arranged between the circulating pump and the output end of the test body.
In another aspect, the present invention further provides a method for using a modular hydrogen explosion experiment research system with a circulation loop, the method is applied to the modular hydrogen explosion experiment research system with the circulation loop, and the method includes the following steps:
s1: the experimental research system evacuation includes:
s11, before the experiment started, checking and confirming that the hydrogen flow rate adjustment valve a1, the air flow rate adjustment valve a2, the circulation loop valve B1, and the circulation pump P1 are closed, opening the exhaust gas discharge valve C1, and turning on the vacuum pump;
s12, checking and starting the data measurement subsystem, reading the pressure parameters of the system, and observing the continuous reduction of the readings of the pressure measurement points of the system until the vacuum degree of the system meets the experimental requirements;
s13, turning off the vacuum pump P2 and turning off the waste gas discharge valve C1;
s2: introducing combustible gas, including:
s21, opening the hydrogen flow regulating valve A1, reading the system pressure parameter, and closing the hydrogen flow regulating valve A1 when the system pressure value reaches the hydrogen partial pressure value corresponding to the required hydrogen concentration;
s22, opening the air flow regulating valve A2, reading system pressure parameters, and closing the air flow regulating valve A2 when the system pressure value reaches the initial set pressure of the experimental working condition;
s3: establishing sufficient premixing conditions, including:
s31, opening a circulation loop valve B1, and starting a circulation pump P1, so that the gas in the experimental device is fully mixed through circulation, the consistency of the hydrogen concentration at each position in the experimental body is met, and the full premixing condition is established;
s32, closing the circulating loop valve B1 valve and the circulating pump P1, and standing to enable the flow rate of the mixed gas to be basically zero;
s4: ignition and experimental data synchronous measurement, including:
the ignition device arranged at one end of the test body is loaded with voltage, gas is ignited in an electric ignition mode, an ignition voltage pulse signal simultaneously triggers the high-speed data acquisition subsystem to work, and pressure and temperature data of different positions in the test body are obtained through measurement.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the test body of the invention adopts a modular design, the number of the test body can be increased or reduced according to the requirements of experimental research, and the requirements of experimental measurement in different development stages of the hydrogen flame acceleration process are met;
2. annular pore plates in the test body are connected through the support rods, and the distance and the number of the annular pore plates are adjustable; the detachable design is convenient for quick installation and disassembly, and meets the research requirements of different barrier geometrical configurations on the hydrogen flame acceleration feedback mechanism;
3. the geometric shapes of the cross sections of the test body and the annular pore plate are centrosymmetric circles or circular holes, so that the numerical simulation analysis is convenient to calculate and model;
4. the test data measurement subsystem is provided with a pressure and temperature measurement device, synchronously records pressure and temperature change data, and calculates the propagation speed of hydrogen turbulent flame by comparing the pressure and temperature data; compared with the turbulent flame propagation speed calculated by only depending on pressure data or temperature data, the reliability is higher;
5. the experimental measurement device is provided with a gas circulation loop, and the initial uniform premixing of combustible mixed gas in the tube is ensured through closed gas circulation;
6. the system design of the invention has the characteristics of modular design, simple assembly and high flame combustion speed measurement precision; the whole combustion process of the hydrogen-air combustible mixture can be completely realized, high-precision experimental data can be provided for the research on the hydrogen flame acceleration mechanism under the serious accident condition of the pressurized water reactor containment, and the method is suitable for the mechanism research on the combustion and explosion process of the hydrogen-air combustible mixture in the pressurized water reactor containment;
7. the system design has better function expansibility, meets the requirement of mechanism research of the hydrogen burning and explosion process of the pressurized water reactor containment, has important significance for enhancing the basic research and development level of nuclear power technology in China and improving the safety characteristic under the serious accident of autonomous nuclear power in China, and has wide market prospect.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a modular hydrogen explosion experiment research system with a circulation loop.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a modular pressure-bearing cylinder in the invention.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line a-a of fig. 2 according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a front view of a spoiler array of an annular aperture plate according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an annular aperture plate structure in the annular aperture plate spoiler array according to the present invention.
Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings:
1-an ignition device, 2-a hydrogen flow regulating valve, 3-an air flow regulating valve, 4-a pressure sensor, 5-a temperature sensor, 6-a hydrogen storage tank, 7-an air storage tank, 8-a test body, 9-a circulating pump, 10-a waste gas recovery tank, 11-a data measurement subsystem, 12-a vacuum pump, 13-a circulating loop valve, 14-a waste gas discharge valve, 15-an annular orifice plate turbulence array, 15 a-an annular orifice plate, 15 b-a support rod and 15 c-small holes.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the system for researching modular hydrogen explosion experiments provided with a circulation loop comprises a cylindrical test body 8 and a data measurement subsystem 11, wherein the test body 8 comprises a plurality of modular pressure-bearing cylinders, the structural schematic diagram of one modular pressure-bearing cylinder is shown in fig. 2 and 3, the modular pressure-bearing cylinders are sequentially connected in series, and the modular pressure-bearing cylinders are connected through flanges to communicate the modular pressure-bearing cylinders; the number of the modular pressure-bearing cylinders can be connected with a plurality of test modules in series according to research requirements.
A plurality of measuring points are arranged in each modular pressure-bearing cylinder body, the measuring points are arranged on the side wall in the modular pressure-bearing cylinder body, a plurality of openings are formed in the side wall in each modular pressure-bearing cylinder body, a pressure sensor 4 and a temperature sensor 5 are arranged in each opening, and the pressure sensor 4 and the temperature sensor 5 are electrically connected with a data measuring subsystem 11; an ignition device 1 is arranged at one end in the test body 8, and a plurality of annular orifice plate turbulence arrays 15 are arranged in each modular pressure bearing cylinder;
the device also comprises a gas injection subsystem, a vacuumizing subsystem and a gas circulation subsystem, wherein the gas injection subsystem is communicated with one side of the test body 8, and the other side of the test body 8 is communicated with the vacuumizing subsystem; the gas circulation subsystem is communicated with the test body 8 to form a gas closed circulation loop;
the ignition device 1 is used for triggering a hydrogen combustion process;
the annular orifice plate turbulence array 15 is used for enhancing the upstream airflow disturbance of the flame front surface so as to initiate a flame acceleration process;
the data measurement subsystem 11 is used for synchronously recording pressure and temperature change data at different measurement points through the data measurement subsystem 11 after the ignition device 1 is triggered;
the gas injection subsystem is used for establishing the concentration of the premixed combustible hydrogen-air mixed gas required by the experiment;
the vacuumizing subsystem is used for vacuumizing impurity gases possibly existing in the system in the process of establishing the gas concentration and maintaining the negative pressure condition required by injecting the hydrogen-air mixed gas into the experimental system;
the gas circulation subsystem is used for fully mixing the hydrogen-air mixed gas, so that the hydrogen concentration at each position in the test body 8 is the same.
Specifically, the ignition device 1 is designed as an electric igniter, which is disposed at one end (hydrogen, air injection end) of the test body 8 for initiating the hydrogen combustion process.
Specifically, based on the test body being cylindrical, i.e., the test body being circular in cross section, the pressure sensor 4 and the temperature sensor 5 can be provided at every position on the circumference to ensure consistency of the measurement data in the test body. In implementation, the pressure sensor 4 can be arranged at the top end of the modular pressure-bearing cylinder, and the temperature sensor 5 is arranged at the bottom end of the modular pressure-bearing cylinder; based on hydrogen combustion, the propagation speed of pressure waves generated by flame spreading from left to right in the test body is very high, so that the pressure sensors 4 are arranged between the adjacent annular pore plate turbulence arrays 15, and the pressure around each annular pore plate turbulence array 15 in the modular pressure-bearing cylinder is ensured to be accurate; the temperature is sensitive to less pressure waves, namely the temperature has delay, and meanwhile, the bearing of the test body 8 is increased due to the fact that more temperature sensors 5 are installed, so that the temperature sensors 5 can be arranged without corresponding to the pressure sensors 4, and one temperature sensor 5 can be arranged at intervals of a plurality of annular orifice plate turbulence arrays 15.
Specifically, each annular orifice plate turbulence array 15 is arranged along the vertical plane direction of the modular pressure-bearing cylinder. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the annular aperture plate turbulence array 15 includes a plurality of rows of equally spaced annular aperture plates 15a and support rods 15b, each annular aperture plate 15a is axially and uniformly provided with a plurality of small holes 15c, and the rod-shaped support rods 15b are connected in series with the annular aperture plates 15a through the small holes 15c to form a turbulence array; annular pore plates 15a (serving as turbulent pore plates) in a test body 8 are connected through supporting rods 15b, and the distance and the number of the annular pore plates 15a are adjustable; the detachable design is convenient for quick installation and disassembly, and meets the research requirements of different barrier geometrical configurations on the hydrogen flame acceleration feedback mechanism. In the embodiment, an annular pore plate design is adopted, and the annular pore plates 15a are connected by four support rods 15b, so that the structural strength is ensured; meanwhile, the thickness of the annular pore plate 15a and the distance between the annular pore plates 15a can be adjusted, and the requirement of researching the combustion speed of turbulent flame under different obstacle configurations can be met.
Specifically, the cross-sectional geometric shapes of the modular pressure-bearing cylinder and the annular pore plate 15a are centrosymmetric circles or circular holes, so that the calculation modeling of numerical simulation analysis is facilitated.
Specifically, the gas injection subsystem comprises a positive pressure hydrogen gas storage tank 6, an air storage tank 7 and a pipeline, wherein the hydrogen gas storage tank 6 is communicated with the injection end of the test body 8 through the pipeline, and the air storage tank 7 is communicated with the injection end of the test body 8 through the pipeline; and a hydrogen flow regulating valve 2 is arranged between the hydrogen gas storage tank 6 and the injection end of the test body 8, and an air flow regulating valve 3 is arranged between the air gas storage tank 7 and the injection end of the test body 8.
Specifically, the vacuumizing subsystem comprises an exhaust gas recovery tank 10, a vacuum pump 12 and a pipeline, wherein the exhaust gas recovery tank 10 is connected with the vacuum pump 12 through the pipeline, and the vacuum pump 12 is communicated with the output end of the test body 8 through the pipeline; and an exhaust gas discharge valve 14 is arranged between the vacuum pump 12 and the output end of the test body 8.
Specifically, the gas circulation subsystem includes circulating pump 9 and pipeline, circulating pump 9 one end passes through the pipeline intercommunication the injection end of experimental body 8, the circulating pump 9 other end pass through the pipeline intercommunication the output of experimental body 8, circulating pump 9 with be equipped with circulation return circuit valve 13 between the output of experimental body 8.
When in use:
first, the experimental study system was evacuated: before the experiment begins, the closing of the hydrogen flow regulating valve 2, the air flow regulating valve 3, the circulating loop valve 13 and the circulating pump 9 is checked and confirmed, the waste gas discharge valve 14 is opened, and the vacuum pump is started;
checking and starting a data measurement subsystem, reading system pressure parameters, and observing the continuous reduction of the readings of each pressure measurement point of the system until the vacuum degree of the system meets the experiment requirement; the vacuum pump 12 is turned off and the exhaust gas-discharge valve 14 is closed.
Secondly, combustible gas is introduced into the test body: opening the hydrogen flow regulating valve 2, reading a system pressure parameter, and closing the hydrogen flow regulating valve 2 when a system pressure value reaches a hydrogen partial pressure value corresponding to the required hydrogen concentration; and opening the air flow regulating valve 3, reading system pressure parameters, and closing the air flow regulating valve 3 when the system pressure value reaches the initial set pressure of the experimental working condition.
Then, full premixing conditions were established: starting a circulating loop valve 13, starting a circulating pump 9, so that the gas in the experimental device is fully mixed through circulation, and the consistency of the hydrogen concentration at each position in the experimental body is met, namely, a full premixing condition is established; the recirculation loop valve 13 and the circulation pump 9 are closed again, and left at rest so that the mixed gas flow rate is substantially zero.
And finally, synchronously measuring ignition and experimental data: the ignition device arranged at one end of the test body is loaded with voltage, gas is ignited in an electric ignition mode, ignition starts to spread from left to right in the test body, an ignition voltage pulse signal simultaneously triggers the high-speed data acquisition subsystem to work, and pressure and temperature data of different positions in the test body are obtained through measurement.
The working principle is as follows: the invention belongs to a flame acceleration process experimental research system designed to meet the research requirement of a hydrogen explosion mechanism under the severe accident condition of a pressurized water nuclear reactor containment, and the important parameter of high-precision turbulent combustion, namely flame turbulent combustion speed, can be obtained through a hydrogen flame acceleration experiment carried out on the device; the invention provides a mechanism experimental research system which meets the research requirements of the occurrence and development processes of hydrogen explosion in a containment vessel under the serious accident of a pressurized water reactor and is designed for accurately obtaining the key parameters of turbulent combustion speed of flame frontal surface. The test body 8 and the internal obstacles (namely the annular orifice plate turbulence array 15) of the system are in modular detachable design, the assembly is convenient, the number of modules of the test body 8 can be increased or decreased, and the distance between the obstacles can be changed to meet the requirements of experimental measurement in different development stages of the hydrogen flame acceleration process; meanwhile, a method of combining pressure measurement data and temperature measurement data is adopted to realize high-precision measurement of the turbulent combustion speed, the pressure and temperature change data are synchronously recorded by means of the data measurement subsystem 11, and the hydrogen turbulent flame propagation speed is calculated by comparing the pressure and temperature data; compared with the turbulent flame propagation speed which is calculated by only depending on pressure data or temperature data, the reliability is higher. In addition, the system is additionally provided with a gas circulation subsystem, the gas circulation subsystem is communicated with the test body to form a circulation loop, and the initial uniform premixing of the combustible gas mixture in the tube of the test body 8 is ensured through closed gas circulation.
The system design of the invention has the characteristics of modular design, simple assembly and high flame combustion speed measurement precision; the method can completely realize the whole combustion process of the hydrogen-air combustible mixture, can provide high-precision experimental data for the research on the hydrogen flame acceleration mechanism under the serious accident condition of the pressurized water reactor containment, and is suitable for the mechanism research on the combustion and explosion process of the hydrogen-air combustible mixture of the pressurized water reactor containment.
The device has better function expansibility, meets the requirement of researching the mechanism of the hydrogen combustion and explosion process of the pressurized water reactor containment, has important significance for enhancing the basic research and development level of nuclear power technology in China and improving the safety characteristic under the serious accident of autonomous nuclear power in China, and has wide market prospect.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that the present embodiment provides a method for using a modular hydrogen explosion experiment research system with a circulation loop, which is applied to the modular hydrogen explosion experiment research system with a circulation loop described in embodiment 1, and the method includes the following steps:
s1: the experimental research system evacuation includes:
s11, before the experiment started, checking and confirming that the hydrogen flow rate adjustment valve a1, the air flow rate adjustment valve a2, the circulation loop valve B1, and the circulation pump P1 are closed, opening the exhaust gas discharge valve C1, and turning on the vacuum pump;
s12, checking and starting the data measurement subsystem, reading the pressure parameters of the system, and observing the continuous reduction of the readings of the pressure measurement points of the system until the vacuum degree of the system meets the experimental requirements;
s13, turning off the vacuum pump P2 and turning off the waste gas discharge valve C1;
s2: introducing combustible gas, including:
s21, opening the hydrogen flow regulating valve A1, reading the system pressure parameter, and closing the hydrogen flow regulating valve A1 when the system pressure value reaches the hydrogen partial pressure value corresponding to the required hydrogen concentration;
s22, opening the air flow regulating valve A2, reading system pressure parameters, and closing the air flow regulating valve A2 when the system pressure value reaches the initial set pressure of the experimental working condition;
s3: establishing sufficient premixing conditions, including:
s31, opening a circulation loop valve B1, and starting a circulation pump P1, so that the gas in the experimental device is fully mixed through circulation, the consistency of the hydrogen concentration at each position in the experimental body is met, and the full premixing condition is established;
s32, closing the circulating loop valve B1 valve and the circulating pump P1, and standing to enable the flow rate of the mixed gas to be basically zero;
s4: ignition and experimental data synchronous measurement, including:
the ignition device arranged at one end of the test body is loaded with voltage, gas is ignited in an electric ignition mode, ignition starts to spread from left to right in the test body, an ignition voltage pulse signal simultaneously triggers the high-speed data acquisition subsystem to work, and pressure and temperature data of different positions in the test body are obtained through measurement.
The method can simulate the whole process development process from ignition to deflagration of the premixed hydrogen-air mixture until explosion finally occurs; in the method, the initial experimental condition of fully and uniformly premixing the gas can be established in a short time by assembling the gas circulation loop; the method combines pressure load data and flame frontal surface temperature data to realize high-precision measurement of turbulent combustion speed.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The modular hydrogen explosion experiment research system with the circulation loop is characterized by comprising a cylindrical test body (8) and a data measurement subsystem (11), wherein the test body (8) comprises a plurality of modular pressure-bearing cylinders which are sequentially connected in series and communicated with one another; a plurality of measuring points are arranged in each modular pressure-bearing cylinder body, and each measuring point is electrically connected with the data measuring subsystem (11); an ignition device (1) is arranged at one end in the test body (8), and a plurality of annular orifice plate turbulence arrays (15) are arranged in each modular pressure bearing cylinder;
the device is characterized by also comprising a gas injection subsystem, a vacuumizing subsystem and a gas circulation subsystem, wherein the gas injection subsystem is communicated with one side of the test body (8), and the other side of the test body (8) is communicated with the vacuumizing subsystem; the gas circulation subsystem is communicated with the test body (8) to form a gas closed circulation loop;
the ignition device (1) is used for triggering a hydrogen combustion process; the annular orifice plate turbulence array (15) is used for enhancing airflow disturbance upstream of the flame front so as to initiate a flame acceleration process; the data measurement subsystem (11) is used for synchronously recording pressure and temperature change data at different measurement points through the data measurement subsystem (11) after the ignition device (1) is triggered; the gas injection subsystem is used for establishing the concentration of the premixed combustible hydrogen-air mixed gas required by the experiment; the vacuumizing subsystem is used for vacuumizing impurity gases existing in the system in the process of establishing the gas concentration and maintaining the negative pressure condition required by injecting the hydrogen-air mixed gas into the experimental system; and the gas circulation subsystem is used for fully mixing the hydrogen-air mixed gas, so that the hydrogen concentration at each position in the test body (8) is the same.
2. The modular hydrogen explosion experimental research system with the circulation loop is characterized in that each annular orifice plate turbulence array (15) is arranged along the vertical plane of the modular pressure-bearing cylinder body.
3. The modular hydrogen explosion experiment research system with the circulation loop is characterized in that the annular orifice turbulence array (15) comprises a plurality of rows of equally-spaced annular orifices (15a) and support rods (15b), each annular orifice (15a) is axially and uniformly provided with a plurality of small holes (15c), and the rod-shaped support rods (15b) are connected with the annular orifices (15a) in series to form the turbulence array by penetrating through the small holes (15 c).
4. The modular hydrogen explosion experimental research system with a circulation loop is characterized in that the cross-sectional geometries of the modular pressure-bearing cylinder and the annular orifice plate (15a) are centrosymmetric circles or circular holes.
5. The modular hydrogen explosion experiment research system with the circulation loop is characterized in that the measuring points are arranged on the side wall in the modular pressure bearing cylinder body, a plurality of openings are formed in the side wall in each modular pressure bearing cylinder body, a pressure sensor (4) and a temperature sensor (5) are arranged in each opening, and the pressure sensor (4) and the temperature sensor (5) are electrically connected with a data measuring subsystem (11).
6. The modular hydrogen explosion experiment research system with the circulation loop is characterized in that the pressure sensor (4) is arranged at the top end of the modular pressure-bearing cylinder, and the temperature sensor (5) is arranged at the bottom end of the modular pressure-bearing cylinder; pressure sensors (4) are arranged between the adjacent annular pore plate turbulence arrays (15).
7. The modular hydrogen explosion experiment research system with the circulation loop is characterized in that the gas injection subsystem comprises a hydrogen gas storage tank (6), an air storage tank (7) and a pipeline, wherein the hydrogen gas storage tank (6) is communicated with the injection end of the test body (8) through the pipeline, and the air storage tank (7) is communicated with the injection end of the test body (8) through the pipeline; and a hydrogen flow regulating valve (2) is arranged between the hydrogen storage tank (6) and the injection end of the test body (8), and an air flow regulating valve (3) is arranged between the air storage tank (7) and the injection end of the test body (8).
8. The modular hydrogen explosion experiment research system with the circulation loop is characterized in that the vacuumizing subsystem comprises an exhaust gas recovery tank (10), a vacuum pump (12) and a pipeline, the exhaust gas recovery tank (10) is connected with the vacuum pump (12) through the pipeline, and the vacuum pump (12) is communicated with the output end of the test body (8) through the pipeline; and an exhaust gas discharge valve (14) is arranged between the vacuum pump (12) and the output end of the test body (8).
9. The modular hydrogen explosion experiment research system with the circulation loop is characterized in that the gas circulation subsystem comprises a circulation pump (9) and a pipeline, one end of the circulation pump (9) is communicated with the injection end of the test body (8) through the pipeline, the other end of the circulation pump (9) is communicated with the output end of the test body (8) through the pipeline, and a circulation loop valve (13) is arranged between the circulation pump (9) and the output end of the test body (8).
10. Use method of modular hydrogen explosion experimental research system with circulation loop, characterized in that, the method is applied to modular hydrogen explosion experimental research system with circulation loop as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, the method includes the following steps:
s1: the experimental research system evacuation includes:
s11, before the experiment started, checking and confirming that the hydrogen flow rate adjustment valve a1, the air flow rate adjustment valve a2, the circulation loop valve B1, and the circulation pump P1 are closed, opening the exhaust gas discharge valve C1, and turning on the vacuum pump;
s12, checking and starting the data measurement subsystem, reading the pressure parameters of the system, and observing the continuous reduction of the readings of the pressure measurement points of the system until the vacuum degree of the system meets the experimental requirements;
s13, turning off the vacuum pump P2 and turning off the waste gas discharge valve C1;
s2: introducing combustible gas, including:
s21, opening the hydrogen flow regulating valve A1, reading the system pressure parameter, and closing the hydrogen flow regulating valve A1 when the system pressure value reaches the hydrogen partial pressure value corresponding to the required hydrogen concentration;
s22, opening the air flow regulating valve A2, reading system pressure parameters, and closing the air flow regulating valve A2 when the system pressure value reaches the initial set pressure of the experimental working condition;
s3: establishing sufficient premixing conditions, including:
s31, opening a circulation loop valve B1, and starting a circulation pump P1, so that the gas in the experimental device is fully mixed through circulation, the consistency of the hydrogen concentration at each position in the experimental body is met, and the full premixing condition is established;
s32, closing the circulating loop valve B1 valve and the circulating pump P1, and standing to enable the flow rate of the mixed gas to be basically zero;
s4: ignition and experimental data synchronous measurement, including:
the ignition device arranged at one end of the test body is loaded with voltage, gas is ignited in an electric ignition mode, an ignition voltage pulse signal simultaneously triggers the high-speed data acquisition subsystem to work, and pressure and temperature data of different positions in the test body are obtained through measurement.
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