CN111912378A - Method for measuring cable tower deformation based on tilt angle sensor and tilt angle measuring system - Google Patents
Method for measuring cable tower deformation based on tilt angle sensor and tilt angle measuring system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring cable tower deformation based on an inclination angle sensor and an inclination angle measuring system, comprising the following steps: s1: establishing a cable-stayed bridge cable tower model; s2: calculating to obtain a quantity scheme of using the tilt angle sensors according to the cable-stayed bridge cable tower model; s3: arranging the inclination angle sensors on the cable tower according to the quantity scheme of the inclination angle sensors and the height of the cable tower; s4: and calculating the detection deformation value of the cable tower according to the inclination angle detected by the inclination angle sensor. The inclination angle sensors are arranged on the cable tower, the detection deformation value of the cable tower is calculated according to the detection inclination angle of the inclination angle sensors so as to obtain the deformation condition of the cable tower, the number of the inclination angle sensors is calculated according to a cable-stayed bridge cable tower model, and the cable tower has the advantage of high detection precision. The inclination angle sensor does not need to fix a datum point for detection, measures by taking the inclination angle sensor as a datum, enables measuring points to be flexibly arranged, avoids measuring data deviation caused by interference of a static reference point by external factors, and has the advantage of low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cable tower measurement, in particular to a cable tower deformation measuring method and system based on an inclination angle sensor.
Background
The cable tower is an important stressed component of the cable-stayed bridge, the cable tower is required to bear the coupling action of pressure, bending force and torsion, and the working performance of the whole cable-stayed bridge is directly influenced by the state of the cable tower. At the current stage, the bridge has large traffic flow and common overload phenomenon, the safety of the cable tower is greatly influenced, and the cable-stayed bridge can be seriously collapsed. Therefore, deformation monitoring of the cable tower is required.
In the prior art, the method for monitoring cable tower deformation mainly comprises the following steps: optical measurement method, GNSS measurement method. The optical measurement method applied to the cable tower deformation monitoring is a total station measurement method, and the total station is required to be used for measuring at each detection station so as to obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the detection points and further know the deformation condition of the cable tower. However, optical measurements suffer from (1) higher instrument cost; (2) the influence of weather environment is large; (3) a stable rearview reference point is needed, and the reference point is damaged or influenced by the outside to cause deviation of a measurement result; (4) each survey station needs good visibility, the flexibility of stationing is reduced and the like.
The GNSS measurement method combines four navigation systems, namely GPS, GLONASS, Beidou and Galileo, and has the advantages of wide coverage area and strong signal. The GNSS receiving instrument is arranged at the top of the cable tower to receive GNSS signals in real time, data are sent to the cloud control center in real time through a communication network, then the three-dimensional coordinates of each monitoring point are analyzed through data processing software of the control center, and finally the real-time three-dimensional coordinates of the monitoring points are obtained through data analysis software. And calculating the three-dimensional coordinate and the initial coordinate to obtain the displacement variation of the monitoring point. However, GNSS measurement methods suffer from (1) higher instrument cost; (2) the influence of weather environment is large; (3) the reference base station needs to be stable, and the disadvantage that the reference point is damaged or is influenced by the outside world to cause deviation of the measurement result may occur.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a method for measuring cable tower deformation based on an inclination angle sensor and an inclination angle measuring system.
The method for measuring the deformation of the cable tower based on the inclination angle sensor comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring the number of the inclination angle sensors and the height of the cable tower;
s2: segmenting the cable towers according to the number of the inclination angle sensors;
s3: and calculating the detection deformation value of the cable tower according to the inclination angle detected by the inclination angle sensor and the corresponding segment length.
The method for measuring cable tower deformation based on the inclination angle sensor and the inclination angle measuring system provided by the embodiment of the invention at least have the following beneficial effects: the cable tower is provided with the inclination angle sensor, and the detection deformation value of the cable tower is calculated according to the detection inclination angle of the inclination angle sensor and the height of the cable tower, so that the deformation condition of the cable tower is obtained. The inclination angle sensor does not need to fix a datum point for detection, measures by taking the inclination angle sensor as a datum, enables measuring points to be flexibly arranged, avoids measuring data deviation caused by interference of a static reference point by external factors, and has the advantage of low cost.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the step S2 includes the steps of:
s21: dividing the cable tower into N sections with the length of L/N according to the height L of the cable tower and the number N of the inclination angle sensors;
s22: the N inclination angle sensors are correspondingly arranged on the cable tower positions corresponding to the N segmented middle points one by one.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the step S3 includes the steps of:
s31: acquiring an inclination angle detected by each inclination angle sensor, and calculating the deflection value of each section according to the inclination angle detected by each inclination angle sensor and the length of the corresponding section;
s32: and accumulating the deflection values of each segment to obtain the detection deformation value of the cable tower.
According to some embodiments of the invention, before step S1, the method further comprises the steps of:
s0: and establishing a cable-stayed bridge model, and calculating an implementation scheme of the tilt angle sensor required to be used for meeting the engineering precision requirement according to the cable-stayed bridge model.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the step S0 includes the steps of:
s01: acquiring basic parameters of the cable-stayed bridge and establishing a cable-stayed bridge model according to the basic parameters of the bridge;
s02: simulating operation under a load working condition based on a cable-stayed bridge model to obtain a cable tower deformation curve function through fitting;
s03: obtaining a corner curve function through conversion according to the cable tower deformation curve function, wherein the corner curve function can reflect the inclination angle information at different positions;
s04: setting the number of the inclination angle sensors, and simulating the detection of the inclination angle sensors according to a corner curve function to obtain a predicted deformation value;
s05: and obtaining a theoretical deformation value according to the cable tower deformation curve function, comparing the predicted deformation value with the theoretical deformation value, determining the minimum quantity value of the tilt angle sensors meeting the engineering precision requirement according to the comparison result, or changing the quantity of the tilt angle sensors to execute the steps S04 to S05 again.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the step S04 includes the steps of:
s041: setting the number N of the inclination angle sensors, setting the height L of the cable tower, and dividing the height L of the cable tower into N sections;
s042: substituting the intermediate value of each segment into a corner curve function, and calculating to obtain the inclination angle of the intermediate point of each segment;
s043: calculating to obtain the deflection value of each section according to the length L/N and the inclination angle of each section;
s044: and accumulating the deflection values of each segment to obtain an expected deformation value.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the step S05 includes the steps of:
s051: calculating the relative error of the predicted deformation value and the theoretical value;
s052: when the relative error is smaller than a threshold value required by engineering precision, selecting the number of the current tilt sensors as the minimum number value of the tilt sensors; and when the relative error is larger than the engineering precision requirement threshold value, changing the number of the inclination angle sensors and re-executing the steps S04 and S05.
According to some embodiments of the invention, after step S05, the method further comprises the steps of:
s06: setting the detection precision of the inclination angle sensors and the number of the inclination angle sensors, and performing analog measurement according to the detection precision of the inclination angle sensors, the number of the inclination angle sensors and a corner curve function to obtain an analog deformation value sample group;
s07: calculating uncertainty according to the simulated deformation value sample group and the theoretical deformation value, comparing the uncertainty with an engineering precision requirement threshold, determining the detection precision of the tilt sensors and the number of the corresponding tilt sensors according to a comparison result as an implementation scheme, or changing the detection precision of the tilt sensors or increasing the number of the set tilt sensors and re-executing the steps S06 to S07.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the step S06 includes the steps of:
s061: setting the detection precision of the tilt sensors and the number N of the tilt sensors;
s062: and according to the detection precision, the number N of the inclination sensors and the corner curve function, carrying out analog measurement by a Monte Carlo method to obtain an analog deformation value sample group.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the step S07 includes the steps of:
s071: calculating a mean value and a standard deviation according to the simulation deformation value sample group;
s072: calculating a relative error under a preset confidence probability according to the mean value, the standard deviation and the theoretical deformation value;
s073: when the relative error under the preset confidence probability is smaller than the threshold value required by the engineering precision, determining the detection precision of the current tilt angle sensor and the number of the tilt angle sensors as implementation schemes; and when the relative error under the preset confidence probability condition is larger than the engineering precision requirement threshold value, changing the detection precision of the tilt angle sensors or increasing the set number of the tilt angle sensors and executing the steps S06 to S07 again.
An inclination measuring system according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention includes: the cable tower deformation measuring method comprises a plurality of inclination angle sensors and a processing and calculating module, wherein the inclination angle sensors are arranged on an external cable tower and are electrically connected with the processing and calculating module, and the processing and calculating module can operate the cable tower deformation measuring method based on the inclination angle sensors.
The inclination angle measuring system provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects: the inclination angle detected by the plurality of inclination angle sensors transmits a plurality of detected inclination angle data to the processing and calculating module, and the processing and calculating module calculates the detection deformation value of the cable tower according to the detected inclination angle data and the cable tower height. The purpose of measuring the deformation of the cable tower through the inclination angle sensor is achieved, the inclination angle sensor is used, a datum point does not need to be fixed, the inclination angle sensor measures by taking the inclination angle sensor as a datum point, measuring points are flexibly arranged, and the measuring data deviation caused by the fact that a static reference point is interfered by external factors is avoided.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the processing and computing module comprises a data base station and a cloud platform, the tilt angle sensors are electrically connected with the data base station, the data base station is used for synchronously acquiring tilt angles detected by the tilt angle sensors, the data base station is in communication connection with the cloud platform so as to upload the tilt angles detected by the tilt angle sensors, the cloud platform can calculate a detection deformation value of the cable tower according to the tilt angles detected by the tilt angle sensors and the height of the cable tower, and the cloud platform can be in communication connection with an external terminal.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a first partial flow diagram of one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second partial flow diagram of one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the architecture of one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a cable tower deformation curve obtained by fitting in one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the calculation of the deflection value of the analysis point according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship referred to in the description of the orientation, such as the upper, lower, front, rear, left, right, etc., is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, if there are first and second described only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, it is not understood that relative importance is indicated or implied or that the number of indicated technical features or the precedence of the indicated technical features is implicitly indicated or implied.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly limited, terms such as arrangement, installation, connection and the like should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in combination with the specific contents of the technical solutions.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for measuring cable tower deformation based on a tilt sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of:
s1: acquiring the number of the inclination angle sensors and the height of the cable tower;
s2: segmenting the cable towers according to the number of the inclination angle sensors;
s3: and calculating the detection deformation value of the cable tower according to the inclination angle detected by the inclination angle sensor and the corresponding segment length.
The cable tower is provided with the inclination angle sensor, and the detection deformation value of the cable tower is calculated according to the detection inclination angle of the inclination angle sensor and the height of the cable tower, so that the deformation condition of the cable tower is obtained. The inclination angle sensor does not need to fix a datum point for detection, measures by taking the inclination angle sensor as a datum, enables measuring points to be flexibly arranged, avoids measuring data deviation caused by interference of a static reference point by external factors, and has the advantage of low cost.
Referring to fig. 1 and 5, in some embodiments of the invention, the step S2 includes the steps of:
s21: dividing the cable tower into N sections with the length of L/N according to the height L of the cable tower and the number N of the inclination angle sensors;
s22: the N inclination angle sensors are correspondingly arranged on the cable tower positions corresponding to the N segmented middle points one by one.
The step S3 includes the steps of:
s31: acquiring an inclination angle detected by each inclination angle sensor, and calculating the deflection value of each section according to the inclination angle detected by each inclination angle sensor and the length of the corresponding section;
s32: and accumulating the deflection values of each segment to obtain the detection deformation value of the cable tower.
Referring to fig. 5, the tilt angle sensor is disposed at the middle point of each segment, so that the tilt angle sensor monitors the tilt angle of the segment, that is, the size of the included angle between the length direction of the segment and the vertical direction after the cable tower is deformed, the deflection value of each segment can be calculated according to the length of each segment and the corresponding tilt angle, and then the deflection value of each segment is accumulated, that is, by the formula:
calculating a detection deformation value V of the cable tower, wherein V is the detection deformation value of the cable tower, and thetaiFor the tilt angle detected by the i-th tilt sensor, LiThe ith segment length, and
l is the height of the cable tower, and N is the number of the inclination angle sensors. The detection deformation value V can reflect the horizontal displacement distance of the top of the cable tower, so that the deformation condition of the cable tower is known, and the purpose of measuring the cable tower deformation through the inclination angle sensor is achieved.
Referring to fig. 2, in some embodiments of the present invention, before step S1, the method further includes the steps of: s0: and establishing a cable-stayed bridge model, and calculating an implementation scheme of the tilt angle sensor required to be used for meeting the engineering precision requirement according to the cable-stayed bridge model.
Since the number of the used tilt angle sensors is related to the accuracy of the finally obtained cable tower deformation detection value, the more accurate cable tower deformation detection value can be detected by using the tilt angle sensors with the larger number. In order to balance the precision and the cost, before implementation, a cable-stayed bridge model is established, and the implementation scheme of the tilt angle sensor is calculated according to the cable-stayed bridge model, namely the tilt angle sensor is minimum in number while the engineering precision requirement is met.
Referring to fig. 2, in some embodiments of the present invention, the step S0 includes the steps of:
s01: acquiring basic parameters of the cable-stayed bridge and establishing a cable-stayed bridge model according to the basic parameters of the bridge;
s02: simulating operation under a load working condition based on a cable-stayed bridge model to obtain a cable tower deformation curve function through fitting;
s03: obtaining a corner curve function through conversion according to the cable tower deformation curve function, wherein the corner curve function can reflect the inclination angle information at different positions;
s04: setting the number of the inclination angle sensors, and simulating the detection of the inclination angle sensors according to a corner curve function to obtain a predicted deformation value;
s05: and obtaining a theoretical deformation value according to the cable tower deformation curve function, comparing the predicted deformation value with the theoretical deformation value, determining the minimum quantity value of the tilt angle sensors meeting the engineering precision requirement according to the comparison result, or changing the quantity of the tilt angle sensors to execute the steps S04 to S05 again.
Referring to fig. 4, basic parameters of the cable-stayed bridge are obtained by measuring a solid cable-stayed bridge or according to a design structure diagram of the cable-stayed bridge, and then a cable-stayed bridge pylon model is established by using software. And obtaining displacement values of all nodes of the cable tower under the load condition according to the cable-stayed bridge cable tower model, and fitting according to the displacement values of all the nodes through curve fitting software to obtain a cable tower deformation curve function.
The cable tower deformation curve is a relation between the height of the cable tower and the horizontal displacement of the cable tower at the height when the cable tower load working condition under the theoretical condition is reflected. The cable tower deformation curve is derived to obtain a corner curve function, the included angle between the height of the cable tower and the vertical direction of the cable tower, namely the inclination angle, can be reflected, and the inclination angle detected by the inclination angle sensor in the actual use process can be simulated.
According to the inclination angle, the number of the inclination angle sensors and the height of the cable tower, a predicted deformation value can be calculated, namely the cable tower deformation value obtained by using the inclination angle sensors for detection theoretically. The theoretical deformation value is obtained by comparing the expected deformation value and according to the cable tower deformation curve function, the deviation value of the expected deformation value and the theoretical deformation value, namely the detection accuracy, is obtained, and the minimum number of the inclination angle sensors is determined according to the comparison result of the expected deformation value and the theoretical deformation value, so that the cable tower detection deformation value meeting the engineering precision requirement can be detected in the actual use process.
Referring to fig. 2 and 5, in some embodiments of the invention, the step S04 includes the steps of:
s041: setting the number N of the inclination angle sensors, setting the height L of the cable tower, and dividing the height L of the cable tower into N sections;
s042: substituting the intermediate value of each segment into a corner curve function, and calculating to obtain the inclination angle of the intermediate point of each segment;
s043: calculating to obtain the deflection value of each section according to the length L/N and the inclination angle of each section;
s044: and accumulating the deflection values of each segment to obtain an expected deformation value.
Referring to fig. 5, assuming that the total height of the pylon is L, the number of tilt sensors N is set, and the pylon is equally divided into N segments, the length L of each segmentiN tilt sensors are arranged at the middle point of each segment, and the coordinate value of the middle point of each segment is substituted into the rotation angle curve function, so that the slope tan θ of the point can be obtainediSlope tan θiCan reflect the inclination angle theta detected by the inclination angle sensor at the pointi. When the cable tower generates flexural deformation due to load, the elongation of each segment in the vertical direction is small, and the proportion of the length of each segment is small, so the influence is negligible. The deflection value generated by each segment deformation is as follows:
Δi＝Li sinθi≈Li tanθi
wherein Δ i is a horizontal displacement value of the ith segment, i.e. a deflection value. Horizontal displacement value V of ith segment endiThe point is the summation of all the segmental deflection values below, namely by the formula:
wherein，LiIs the segment length of the ith segment; thetaiThe change value of the inclination angle at the midpoint of the ith segment is the difference value of the measured value of the inclination angle detected by the ith inclination angle sensor and the initial value; viIs the horizontal displacement value of the ith segment end point, i.e. the expected deformation value.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the step S05 includes the steps of:
s051: calculating the relative error of the predicted deformation value and the theoretical value;
s052: when the relative error is smaller than a threshold value required by engineering precision, selecting the number of the current tilt sensors as the minimum number value of the tilt sensors; and when the relative error is larger than the engineering precision requirement threshold value, changing the number of the inclination angle sensors and re-executing the steps S04 and S05.
And substituting the coordinate value of the ith segmentation end point into a cable tower deformation curve function to obtain the theoretical deformation value of the cable tower. The estimated deformation value obtained in step S04 is compared with the theoretical deformation value, and a relative error between the estimated deformation value and the theoretical deformation value is calculated, which can reflect the detection accuracy corresponding to the number N of tilt sensors set at the start of step S04. And when the relative error is less than or equal to the threshold value of the engineering precision requirement, the engineering precision requirement of actual use can be met. Therefore, when the relative error is greater than the threshold value of the engineering accuracy requirement, the set number N of the tilt sensors needs to be changed, and steps S04 and S05 are executed again to determine the minimum number value of the tilt sensors meeting the engineering accuracy requirement, and the number of the tilt sensors in the embodiment must be greater than or equal to the minimum number value of the tilt sensors.
As a specific example, f (x) ═ x5+x4+x3+x2+x，x∈[0,15]Error analysis was performed for the cable tower deformation curve function, taking x as 15 as the analysis point. And f (x) carrying out error study according to a segmentation scheme with the number n of segments being 1-10. Taking the case of segment number n being 2 as an example, the segment length is 7.5, and the midpoint of each segment is x being 3.75 and x being 11.25, respectively. Derivation is carried out on the cable tower deformation curve function f (x) to obtain a corner curve function f' (x) being 5x4+4x3+3x2+2x +1, relative error of the schemeThe difference is:
yk＝f(x)＝813615
Yk＝7.5×[f’(3.75)+f’(11.25)]＝655794.2
wherein, ykIs a theoretical deformation value; y iskThe estimated deformation value is the integral deflection value; a is the relative error. According to the calculation process, the relative errors of the number schemes of the tilt sensors are respectively calculated and summarized, as shown in table 1:
table 1: summary table of relative errors of each subsection scheme (inclination sensor number scheme)
As can be seen from table 1, if the number of segments is 1 to 3, the deviation between the calculation result and the theoretical result will not satisfy the engineering precision requirement (the relative error is less than or equal to the requirement threshold value of 5%), and if the segment error is not considered, the number of segments is 1 to 3, that is, when the scheme of three tilt sensors is used for detection, a large deviation occurs in the actual measurement. Therefore, a segmentation error analysis must be performed before implementation. With the increase of the number of the segments, namely the number of the tilt sensors, the deflection value is calculated, namely the relative error between the first predicted deformation value and the theoretical deformation value is gradually reduced, which means that the detection accuracy is continuously improved.
The calculation process is based on the fact that the tilt angle can be accurately detected by the tilt sensor, that is, there is no detection error, but since the tilt angle detected by the tilt sensor has an error when the tilt sensor is actually used, the detection accuracy of the tilt sensor needs to be taken into account.
Referring to fig. 2, in some embodiments of the invention, after step S05, the method further includes the steps of:
s06: setting the detection precision of the inclination angle sensors and the number of the inclination angle sensors, and performing analog measurement according to the detection precision of the inclination angle sensors, the number of the inclination angle sensors and a corner curve function to obtain an analog deformation value sample group;
s07: calculating uncertainty according to the simulated deformation value sample group and the theoretical deformation value, comparing the uncertainty with an engineering precision requirement threshold, determining the detection precision of the tilt sensors and the number of the corresponding tilt sensors according to a comparison result as an implementation scheme, or changing the detection precision of the tilt sensors or increasing the number of the set tilt sensors and re-executing the steps S06 to S07.
And (3) taking the detection precision of the tilt sensors into consideration, setting the detection precision of the tilt sensors and the number of the tilt sensors, simulating the tilt sensors by using software to carry out measurement, and obtaining a simulated deformation value sample group after repeated simulation measurement for sufficient times. Calculating according to the simulated deformation value sample group to obtain statistical values such as the mean value, the standard deviation and the like of the deformation value sample group, calculating by combining a theoretical deformation value to obtain the uncertainty under the conditions of the detection precision and the quantity of the current tilt sensors, comparing the uncertainty with the threshold value required by the engineering precision, changing the detection precision of the tilt sensors or the quantity of the tilt sensors when the uncertainty cannot meet the requirement of the engineering precision, and executing the steps S06 to S07 again to obtain the detection precision of the tilt sensors and the quantity of the tilt sensors meeting the engineering detection precision as a sensor implementation scheme.
Referring to fig. 2, in some embodiments of the invention, the step S06 includes the steps of:
s061: setting the detection precision of the tilt sensors and the number N of the tilt sensors;
s062: and according to the detection precision, the number N of the inclination sensors and the corner curve function, carrying out analog measurement by a Monte Carlo method to obtain an analog deformation value sample group.
Firstly, establishing a model Y (f) (X) of a measured Y and an input quantity X, and setting a probability density function for the input quantity; then X is passed through the modeliObtaining a probability density function of Y;and finally obtaining the expectation, the standard deviation and the confidence interval of the Y according to the probability density function of the Y.
In the measurement of cable-stayed bridge pylon deformations by tilt sensors, the aim is to obtain the horizontal displacement of the top of the pylon. When the angle is inclined by thetaiWhen the value is an input value, the conversion by a formula is needed to obtain the tower top horizontal displacement value V. Tilt angle theta detected by tilt sensoriAnd taking the horizontal displacement value V of the top of the cable-stayed bridge tower as an output quantity. According to the principle of the calculation process of the expected deformation value, the input quantity inclination angle thetaiThe relationship between the horizontal displacement value V and the tower top horizontal displacement value V of the cable tower is as follows:
in the cable tower deformation monitoring, the inclination angle belongs to small corner deformation, so that the horizontal displacement V of the cable tower top can be expressed as follows under the engineering application scene by adopting the inclination angle method:
wherein: v is horizontal displacement of the tower top of the cable tower; l isiIs the segment length of the ith segment; thetaiIs the tilt angle detected by the tilt sensor. According to the measurement principle, the distribution of the measurement values of the tilt sensor is the tilt angle thetaiFor mathematical expectation, a normal distribution with standard deviation of detection accuracy is shown as follows:
θmi～N(θi,2)
wherein: thetaiThe real measured value of the inclination angle at the ith inclination angle sensor is obtained; thetamiThe measured value of the inclination angle at the ith sensor is the standard deviation of the measured value of the inclination angle sensor, namely the detection precision of the inclination angle sensor. Because the measured value of each sensor is a normal random variable which is independent from each other, the horizontal displacement V and the deformation value of the tower top of the cable tower are known according to the normal distribution property and obey the normal distribution:
therefore, the transfer relation between the input quantity and the output quantity is established, then Monte Carlo tests can be carried out for set times (such as 10000 times) according to the distribution, namely, simulation measurement is carried out under the conditions of set detection precision of the tilt sensors and the number N of the tilt sensors, and then a simulation deformation value sample group is obtained, wherein the simulation deformation value sample group comprises simulation measurement sample value points the number of which is matched with the number of the Monte Carlo tests.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the step S07 includes the steps of:
s071: calculating a mean value and a standard deviation according to the simulation deformation value sample group;
s072: calculating a relative error under a preset confidence probability according to the mean value, the standard deviation and the theoretical deformation value;
s073: when the relative error under the preset confidence probability is smaller than the threshold value required by the engineering precision, determining the detection precision of the current tilt angle sensor and the number of the tilt angle sensors as implementation schemes; and when the relative error under the preset confidence probability condition is larger than the engineering precision requirement threshold value, changing the detection precision of the tilt angle sensors or increasing the set number of the tilt angle sensors and executing the steps S06 to S07 again.
Carrying out mathematical statistics according to a simulated deformation value sample group, namely a plurality of simulated measurement sample value points, calculating the mean value and the standard deviation of the simulated deformation value sample group, then combining a theoretical deformation value, calculating the deviation with the theoretical deformation value and the relative error under a preset confidence probability, comparing a project precision requirement threshold value according to the relative error under the confidence probability, and when the relative error under the confidence probability is less than or equal to the project precision requirement threshold value, meeting the project precision requirement according to the set detection precision of the tilt angle sensor and the number N of the tilt angle sensors during implementation. Therefore, when the relative error under the confidence probability is greater than the threshold value of the engineering precision requirement, it is necessary to change to improve the detection precision of the tilt sensors or increase the number N of the tilt sensors, and step S06 to 07 are executed again to finally obtain the detection precision of the tilt sensors and the number N of the tilt sensors meeting the engineering precision requirement as an implementation solution.
As a specific example, the function of the sota deformation curve is f (x) 3 × 10-8x4-3×10-6x3-9×10- 5x2-5×10-5x，x∈[0,10]The results of calculating the deflection values, which are the predicted deflection values of the analysis points, are shown in table 2, by taking x as 10 as the analysis points and analyzing the analysis points with the number of segments n as 3 to 5:
table 2: relative error analysis of each segmentation scheme
As can be seen from table 2, when the number of segments is 3, 4, and 5, the relative errors between the calculated deflection value (predicted deflection value) and the theoretical deflection value (theoretical deflection value) can satisfy the engineering accuracy requirement (within ± 5%). The uncertainty evaluation continues below for these three segmentation schemes. As can be seen from the calculation process of the horizontal displacement V of the tower top of the cable tower, the measured value V of the deformation amount at the analysis point (the calculation process takes the tower top of the cable tower as the analysis point) follows the normal distribution
Wherein n is the number of segments and is the detection accuracy of the tilt sensor. Now, it is considered that uncertainty analysis is performed by using two common tilt sensors with detection precision of 0.01 ° and 0.001 ° through a monte carlo method respectively.
Referring to table 2, taking an example where the detection accuracy is 0.01 °, when the number of stages n is 3, the inclination angle θ detected by each sensor is set to be 3m1、θm2、θm3The distribution law of (A) is as follows: thetam1～N(-0.0060,0.012)、θm2～N(-0.0201,0.012)、θm3～N(-0.0433,0.012). Similarly, other segmentation schemes can also obtain the distribution law.
Taking Monte Carlo coefficient M as 10000, and measuring points thetamiPerforming 10000 times of normal distribution random values, namely performing analog measurement, obtaining 10000 analog measurement sample value points as an analog deformation value sample group, and then according to each analog measurement sample value point, namely the inclination angle thetaiAnd (4) carrying out formula transmission, carrying out mathematical statistics to obtain a mean value and a standard deviation of the simulated deformation value sample group, and calculating to obtain a 95% probability confidence interval and a relative error result under the 95% confidence probability by combining a theoretical deformation value. The measurement results with the final detection accuracy of 0.01 ° are shown in table 3, and the measurement results with the detection accuracy of 0.001 ° are shown in table 4:
table 1: simulation of the measurement results (═ 0.01 °)
Table 2: simulation of the measurement results (═ 0.001 °)
As can be seen from the results in tables 3 and 4, when the detection accuracy of the tilt sensor is 0.001 °, and only N is 5, the relative error at the 95% confidence probability is within ± 5%, and the engineering accuracy requirement is satisfied. Therefore, when the detection accuracy is 0.001 °, 5 tilt sensors with a detection accuracy of 0.001 ° are selected as an embodiment, that is, 5 tilt sensors with a detection accuracy of 5 tilt sensors are used.
The inclination angle sensor implementation scheme obtained by the method is high in measurement accuracy, and meanwhile, under the condition that the engineering accuracy requirement is met, the arrangement scheme of the least number of inclination angle sensors can be obtained through calculation, so that the cost is saved.
Referring to fig. 3, an inclination measuring system according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention includes: the cable tower deformation measuring method comprises a plurality of inclination angle sensors and a processing and calculating module, wherein the inclination angle sensors are arranged on an external cable tower and are electrically connected with the processing and calculating module, and the processing and calculating module can operate the cable tower deformation measuring method based on the inclination angle sensors.
The inclination angle detected by the plurality of inclination angle sensors transmits a plurality of detected inclination angle data to the processing and calculating module, and the processing and calculating module calculates the detection deformation value of the cable tower according to the detected inclination angle data and the cable tower height. The purpose of measuring the deformation of the cable tower through the inclination angle sensor is achieved, the inclination angle sensor is used, a datum point does not need to be fixed, the inclination angle sensor measures by taking the inclination angle sensor as a datum point, measuring points are flexibly arranged, and the measuring data deviation caused by the fact that a static reference point is interfered by external factors is avoided.
Referring to fig. 3, in some embodiments of the present invention, the processing and computing module includes a data base station and a cloud platform, the tilt sensor is electrically connected to the data base station, the data base station is configured to synchronously acquire an inclination angle detected by the tilt sensor, the data base station is in communication connection with the cloud platform to upload the inclination angle detected by the tilt sensor, the cloud platform can calculate a detected deformation value of the cable tower according to the inclination angle detected by the tilt sensor and a cable tower height, and the cloud platform can be in communication connection with an external display terminal.
The inclination angle detected by the plurality of inclination angle sensors is synchronously collected through the data base station, the data base station transmits a plurality of inclination angle data to be detected to the cloud platform through a 4G network, a 5G network or a communication cable and the like, the cloud platform can calculate the detection deformation value according to the calculation principle of the expected deformation value, the cloud platform is in communication connection with an external terminal so as to transmit the detection deformation value to the external terminal for displaying, and therefore the function of monitoring the cable tower can be achieved. The external terminal can be a computer, a mobile phone and other equipment.
The invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the invention, and such equivalent modifications or substitutions are included in the scope defined by the claims of the present application.
Claims (12)
1. The method for measuring the deformation of the cable tower based on the inclination angle sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: acquiring the number of the inclination angle sensors and the height of the cable tower;
s2: segmenting the cable tower according to the number of the inclination angle sensors;
s3: and calculating the detection deformation value of the cable tower according to the inclination angle detected by the inclination angle sensor and the corresponding segment length.
2. The method for measuring cable tower deformation based on tilt angle sensor of claim 1, wherein the step S2 comprises the steps of:
s21: dividing the cable tower into N sections with the length of L/N according to the height L of the cable tower and the number N of the inclination angle sensors;
s22: the N inclination angle sensors are correspondingly arranged on the cable tower positions corresponding to the N segmented middle points one by one.
3. The method for measuring cable tower deformation based on tilt angle sensor of claim 1, wherein the step S3 comprises the steps of:
s31: acquiring an inclination angle detected by each inclination angle sensor, and calculating the deflection value of each section according to the inclination angle detected by each inclination angle sensor and the length of the corresponding section;
s32: and accumulating the deflection values of each segment to obtain the detection deformation value of the cable tower.
4. The method for measuring cable tower deformation based on tilt angle sensor of claim 1, further comprising the step of, before step S1:
s0: and establishing a cable-stayed bridge model, and calculating an implementation scheme of the tilt angle sensor required to be used for meeting the engineering precision requirement according to the cable-stayed bridge model.
5. The method for measuring cable tower deformation based on tilt angle sensor of claim 4, wherein the step S0 comprises the steps of:
s01: acquiring basic parameters of the cable-stayed bridge and establishing a cable-stayed bridge model according to the basic parameters of the bridge;
s02: simulating operation under a load working condition based on a cable-stayed bridge model to obtain a cable tower deformation curve function through fitting;
s03: obtaining a corner curve function through conversion according to the cable tower deformation curve function, wherein the corner curve function can reflect the inclination angle information at different positions;
s04: setting the number of the inclination angle sensors, and simulating the detection of the inclination angle sensors according to a corner curve function to obtain a predicted deformation value;
s05: and obtaining a theoretical deformation value according to the cable tower deformation curve function, comparing the predicted deformation value with the theoretical deformation value, determining the minimum quantity value of the tilt angle sensors meeting the engineering precision requirement according to the comparison result, or changing the quantity of the tilt angle sensors to execute the steps S04 to S05 again.
6. The method for measuring cable tower deformation based on tilt angle sensor of claim 5, wherein the step S04 comprises the steps of:
s041: setting the number N of the inclination angle sensors, setting the height L of the cable tower, and dividing the height L of the cable tower into N sections;
s042: substituting the intermediate value of each segment into a corner curve function, and calculating to obtain the inclination angle of the intermediate point of each segment;
s043: calculating to obtain the deflection value of each section according to the length L/N and the inclination angle of each section;
s044: and accumulating the deflection values of each segment to obtain an expected deformation value.
7. The method for measuring cable tower deformation based on tilt angle sensor of claim 6, wherein the step S05 comprises the steps of:
s051: calculating the relative error of the predicted deformation value and the theoretical value;
s052: when the relative error is smaller than a threshold value required by engineering precision, selecting the number of the current tilt sensors as the minimum number value of the tilt sensors; and when the relative error is larger than the engineering precision requirement threshold value, changing the number of the inclination angle sensors and re-executing the steps S04 and S05.
8. The method for measuring cable tower deformation based on tilt angle sensor according to any one of claims 5 to 7, further comprising the step after step S05 of:
s06: setting the detection precision of the inclination angle sensors and the number of the inclination angle sensors, and performing analog measurement according to the detection precision of the inclination angle sensors, the number of the inclination angle sensors and a corner curve function to obtain an analog deformation value sample group;
s07: calculating uncertainty according to the simulated deformation value sample group and the theoretical deformation value, comparing the uncertainty with an engineering precision requirement threshold, determining the detection precision of the tilt sensors and the number of the corresponding tilt sensors according to a comparison result as an implementation scheme, or changing the detection precision of the tilt sensors or increasing the number of the set tilt sensors and re-executing the steps S06 to S07.
9. The method for measuring cable tower deformation based on tilt angle sensor of claim 8, wherein the step S06 comprises the steps of:
s061: setting the detection precision of the tilt sensors and the number N of the tilt sensors;
s062: and according to the detection precision, the number N of the inclination sensors and the corner curve function, carrying out analog measurement by a Monte Carlo method to obtain an analog deformation value sample group.
10. The method for measuring cable tower deformation based on tilt angle sensor of claim 9, wherein the step S07 comprises the steps of:
s071: calculating a mean value and a standard deviation according to the simulation deformation value sample group;
s072: calculating a relative error under a preset confidence probability according to the mean value, the standard deviation and the theoretical deformation value;
s073: when the relative error under the preset confidence probability is smaller than the threshold value required by the engineering precision, determining the detection precision of the current tilt angle sensor and the number of the tilt angle sensors as implementation schemes; and when the relative error under the preset confidence probability condition is larger than the engineering precision requirement threshold value, changing the detection precision of the tilt angle sensors or increasing the set number of the tilt angle sensors and executing the steps S06 to S07 again.
11. An inclination measurement system, comprising: a plurality of inclination angle sensors and a processing and calculating module, wherein the inclination angle sensors are arranged on an external cable tower, the inclination angle sensors are all electrically connected with the processing and calculating module, and the processing and calculating module can operate the method for measuring cable tower deformation based on the inclination angle sensors according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
12. The tilt measurement system of claim 11, wherein: the processing and computing module comprises a data base station and a cloud platform, the inclination angle sensor is electrically connected with the data base station, the data base station is used for synchronously acquiring the inclination angle detected by the inclination angle sensor, the data base station is in communication connection with the cloud platform so as to upload the inclination angle detected by the inclination angle sensor, the cloud platform can calculate the detection deformation value of the cable tower according to the inclination angle detected by the inclination angle sensor and the cable tower height, and the cloud platform can be in communication connection with an external terminal.
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