CN111911124B - Ball-throwing type energy-gathering fracturing tool - Google Patents
Ball-throwing type energy-gathering fracturing tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN111911124B CN111911124B CN202010868260.6A CN202010868260A CN111911124B CN 111911124 B CN111911124 B CN 111911124B CN 202010868260 A CN202010868260 A CN 202010868260A CN 111911124 B CN111911124 B CN 111911124B
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- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 14
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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Abstract
This specification provides a ball-throwing type energy gathering fracturing tool, including: a housing having a cavity with a ball seat disposed therein; a ball clamp for receiving a plurality of balls, the ball clamp having an opening; the fixing seat is arranged between the opening and the ball seat and is provided with a first channel; the sliding seat is arranged between the first channel and the opening and is provided with a second channel; the sliding seat has a first position allowing the ball to enter the second passage and a second position preventing the ball from entering the second passage; the first elastic piece can apply force to the sliding seat; when the sliding seat is at the first position, the ball enters the second channel from the opening, and the first elastic member accumulates elastic potential energy; when the sliding seat is located at the second position, the first elastic piece releases accumulated elastic potential energy, and the ball falls into the ball seat along the second channel and the first channel in sequence. The pitching type energy-gathering fracturing tool provided by the specification can automatically pitch balls to the ball seat, so that the whole fracturing flow is simplified, and the fracturing operation time is shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underground fracturing construction of petroleum and natural gas, in particular to a ball-throwing type energy-gathering fracturing tool.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
The low-permeability oil and gas reserves and shale oil and gas resources in China are rich, but the low-permeability characteristic of the reservoir brings great difficulty to the development of the oil reservoir, and the permeability of the reservoir is usually improved by adopting a fracturing technology at present. The fracturing technology is that fracturing fluid is injected into stratum during oil or gas production to artificially crack the stratum, so as to improve the flow condition at the bottom of an oil well and increase the yield of the oil well. Certain development effects can be achieved by adopting conventional hydraulic fracturing, but the defects still exist.
In the prior art, energy-gathering fracturing methods have been proposed by injecting supercritical CO into a fracturing string2The fluid achieves better yield-increasing effect than the conventional fracturing method. The method is usually adopted in a multi-stage ball throwing mode, and a sealing ball is manually thrown into the fracturing string every time of fracturing, so that the sealing ball is seated in a ball seat to block a cavity of a fracturing section for energy collection, the whole fracturing process is complicated, and the construction efficiency is reduced.
It should be noted that the above background description is only for the sake of clarity and complete description of the technical solutions of the present invention and for the understanding of those skilled in the art. Such solutions are not considered to be known to the person skilled in the art merely because they have been set forth in the background section of the invention.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the specification provides a ball throwing type energy gathering fracturing tool which can automatically throw balls to a ball seat, simplify the whole fracturing process, reduce the fracturing operation time and achieve the purposes of cost reduction and efficiency improvement.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solutions provided in the present specification are as follows:
a ball-throwing focused fracturing tool comprising:
a housing having a cavity with a ball seat disposed therein;
a ball clamp for receiving a plurality of balls, the ball clamp having an opening;
a fixed seat arranged between the opening and the ball seat, wherein the fixed seat is provided with a first channel;
a sliding seat disposed between the first channel and the opening, the sliding seat having a second channel;
the slide shoe having a first position to allow the ball to enter the second channel and a second position to block the ball from entering the second channel;
the first elastic piece can apply force to the sliding seat;
when the sliding seat is at a first position, the ball enters the second channel from the opening, and the first elastic member accumulates elastic potential energy; when the sliding seat is located at the second position, the first elastic piece releases accumulated elastic potential energy, and the ball falls into the ball seat along the second channel and the first channel in sequence.
As a preferred embodiment, the ball-throwing power-gathering fracturing tool further comprises: the ball seat is provided with a second elastic piece which acts on the ball seat with a force in the opposite direction of the ball seat with a fracturing medium, when the fracturing medium pushes the ball seat to move, the ball and the fracturing medium can flow out from a through hole on the ball seat, the cavity is in a through state, and when the second elastic piece drives the ball seat to move, the ball seat is matched with another ball so that the cavity is in a blocking state.
As a preferred embodiment, the method further comprises: the base is fixed on the inner wall of the shell, one end of the second elastic piece is fixed with the base, the other end of the second elastic piece is fixed with a sliding sleeve, and the second elastic piece can push the sliding sleeve to abut against the ball seat.
In a preferred embodiment, the ball seat has a fixed end connected to the housing and a movable end contacting the sliding sleeve, and the size of the through hole increases or decreases when the movable end moves relative to the housing.
In a preferred embodiment, the ball seat is formed by a plurality of resilient steel plates having a fan shape.
In a preferred embodiment, the fixed seat and the first elastic member are fixed to an inner wall of the housing, the opening is offset from the first passage, and the second passage is alternately offset from the first passage and the opening when the sliding seat moves between the first position and the second position.
As a preferred embodiment, the energy-gathering fracturing tool further comprises a sealing element arranged between the fixed seat and the ball clamp, the sealing element is formed with a sealing cavity for accommodating the first elastic element and a part of the sliding seat, and the sealing element is provided with a sealing hole for the sliding seat to penetrate through.
In a preferred embodiment, the ball clamp has a longitudinally extending receiving chamber, the receiving chamber has a first end and a second end opposite to each other in a longitudinal extension direction of the receiving chamber, the first end is provided with a flip for closing the receiving chamber, and the flip is provided with a third elastic member having elastic potential energy, and the third elastic member can push the ball to move towards the opening.
In a preferred embodiment, the opening is provided at the second end, the opening and the second passage being sized to match a diameter of a ball.
Has the advantages that:
the ball-throwing type energy-gathering fracturing tool provided by the embodiment of the specification is characterized in that a ball clamp and a ball seat are arranged in a shell, a fixed seat with a first passage is arranged between an opening of the ball clamp and the ball seat, a sliding seat with a second passage is arranged between the first passage and the opening, and the sliding seat has a first position allowing a ball to enter the second passage and a second position preventing the ball from entering the second passage. The sliding seat can be driven by the fracturing medium and the first elastic piece to move between a first position and a second position, so that the second channel of the sliding seat receives the ball falling from the opening and conveys the ball to the first channel, and the ball can fall into the ball seat along the first channel.
Therefore, the ball throwing type energy gathering fracturing tool provided by the embodiment of the specification can realize the transmission of the ball between the fixed seat and the ball clamp through the matching of the sliding seat and the first elastic piece in one fracturing cycle, and realize the automatic seating of the ball. Compared with the fracturing mode of multi-stage ball throwing in the prior art, the method simplifies the whole fracturing flow and reduces the fracturing operation time, thereby achieving the purposes of cost reduction and efficiency improvement.
Specific embodiments of the present specification are disclosed in detail with reference to the following description and the accompanying drawings, which specify the manner in which the principles of the specification may be employed. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present description are not so limited in scope.
Features that are described and/or illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be used in the same way or in a similar way in one or more other embodiments, in combination with or instead of the features of the other embodiments.
It should be emphasized that the term "comprises/comprising" when used herein, is taken to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps or components but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps or components.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present specification or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present specification, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive labor.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a ball-throwing type energy-gathering fracturing tool provided in an embodiment of the present specification;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a ball-throwing type energy-gathering fracturing tool provided by an embodiment of the present specification during energy gathering;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a shot-type energy-gathering fracturing tool at the end of energy gathering provided by an embodiment of the present specification.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a ball throwing part; 11. a ball clamp; 111. a cover is turned; 112. a third elastic member; 12. a sliding seat; 121. a second channel; 13. a first elastic member; 14. a fixed seat; 141. a first channel; 3. a housing; 4. a ball; 2. an energy concentrating portion; 21. a cavity; 22. a ball seat; 23. a sliding sleeve; 24. a base; 25. a second elastic member.
Detailed Description
While the invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of and not restrictive on the broad invention, and that various equivalent modifications can be effected therein by those skilled in the art upon reading the disclosure.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not denote a unique embodiment.
In recent years, with the advance of shale gas development, hydraulic fracturing increasingly presents inherent disadvantages, and with the development of novel fracturing technologies, such as liquid nitrogen fracturing and supercritical CO2Fracturing and the like are becoming more and more popular in oilfield development because of their unique superiority. Supercritical CO2Means when CO is present2Above 31.1 ℃ and corresponding supercritical pressure above 7.39 MPa. Supercritical CO2The fracturing fluid has the density close to that of liquid, the viscosity close to that of gas and extremely strong diffusivity, and has obvious effect in fracturing construction.
Supercritical CO2Energy-gathering fracturing capable of utilizing supercritical CO2The special properties, combined with the energy-gathering effect, can produce obvious technical advantages in the fracturing process: (1) CO 22The source is wide and easy to obtain, and the material is not flammable or explosive and is easy to control and transport; (2) supercritical CO2The viscosity of the lubricating oil is low and close to gas, the surface tension is low and close to zero, the friction coefficient is low, and the lubricating oil is easy to flow; (3) supercritical CO2The fluid can not cause clay expansion in the reservoir, thereby fundamentally avoiding the occurrence of hazards such as water lock effect, rock wettability reversal and the like and effectively protecting the reservoir from being damaged; (4) by supercritical CO2The fracturing fluid is quick and thorough in flowback, is a clean fracturing fluid with low damage, and can shorten the production period; (5) supercritical CO compared with conventional fracturing fluid2The fracturing fluid has strong diffusion capacity and permeability, can easily permeate into pores and microcracks in a reservoir, and is beneficial to generating a large amount of microcrack networks.
This is thatThe ball-throwing type energy-gathering fracturing tool provided by the embodiment of the specification can pass through high-pressure supercritical CO2The instant release acts on the reservoir, so that more complex fracture networks are formed in the reservoir. High pressure transient fracturing reduces supercritical CO2The fluid loss and the operation success rate are higher, and the method is also suitable for the fracturing transformation of reservoirs with high permeability and serious leakage. After fracturing is complete, CO2Easy flowing back and little damage to the reservoir.
The ball-throwing type energy-gathering fracturing tool of the embodiment of the present specification will be explained and explained with reference to fig. 1 to 3. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, like reference numerals denote like parts in the embodiments of the present invention. And for the sake of brevity, detailed descriptions of the same components are omitted in different embodiments, and the descriptions of the same components may be mutually referred to and cited.
Specifically, the upward direction illustrated in fig. 1 to 3 is defined as "up", and the downward direction illustrated in fig. 1 to 3 is defined as "down". It should be noted that the definitions of the directions in the present specification are only for convenience of explaining the technical solution of the present invention, and do not limit the directions of the pitching type energy gathering fracturing tool of the embodiments of the present specification in other scenarios, including but not limited to use, testing, transportation, and manufacturing, which may cause the orientation of the apparatus to be reversed or the position of the apparatus to be changed.
The ball throwing type energy-gathering fracturing tool provided by the embodiment of the specification can be connected with a fracturing string, and high-pressure liquid CO is injected into the fracturing string2And continuously pumping by a high-pressure pump group on the ground. The ball throwing type energy-gathering fracturing tool and the interior of the connected fracturing pipe column jointly form an energy-gathering cavity, so that supercritical CO can be generated2And (4) completing the pressure building higher than the reservoir fracture pressure to form the effect of energy-gathered fracturing. The high pressure liquid CO2The specific pressure of (a) is determined based on the downhole pressure, and is typically higher than the formation fracture pressure of the corresponding reservoir. Formation fracture pressure refers to the pressure in the wellbore that will fracture the formation when the formation pressure reaches a certain value, and is referred to as formation fracture pressure. The geological parameters are generally tested before and after drilling, e.g. seismic testing, loggingIn these methods, formation fracture pressure is measured during the process.
As shown in fig. 1, the present specification provides a ball-throwing type energy-gathering fracturing tool comprising: a housing 3 having a cavity 21, a ball seat 22 being provided in the cavity 21; a ball clamp 11 for receiving a plurality of balls 4, said ball clamp 11 having an opening; a holder 14 disposed between the opening and the ball seat 22, the holder 14 having a first passage 141; a sliding seat 12 disposed between the first channel 141 and the opening, the sliding seat 12 having a second channel 121; the sliding seat 12 has a first position allowing the ball 4 to enter the second channel 121 and a second position preventing the ball 4 from entering the second channel 121; a first elastic member 13 capable of applying a force to the sliding seat 12; when the sliding seat 12 is in the first position, the ball 4 enters the second channel 121 through the opening, and the first elastic member 13 accumulates elastic potential energy; when the sliding seat 12 is at the second position, the first elastic member 13 releases the accumulated elastic potential energy, and the ball 4 sequentially falls into the ball seat 22 along the second passage 121 and the first passage 141.
The ball-throwing type energy-gathering fracturing tool provided by the embodiment of the specification is provided with a ball clamp 11 and a ball seat 22 arranged inside a shell 3, a fixed seat 14 with a first passage 141 is arranged between an opening of the ball clamp 11 and the ball seat 22, a sliding seat 12 with a second passage 121 is arranged between the first passage 141 and the opening, and the sliding seat 12 has a first position allowing a ball 4 to enter the second passage 121 and a second position preventing the ball 4 from entering the second passage 121. The sliding seat 12 can be driven by the fracturing medium and the first resilient member 13 to move between the first position and the second position, so that the second channel 121 of the sliding seat 12 receives the ball 4 dropped from the opening and carries the ball 4 to the first channel 141, enabling it to drop along the first channel 141 into the ball seat 22.
Therefore, the ball-throwing type energy-gathering fracturing tool provided by the embodiment of the specification can realize the transportation of the ball 4 between the fixed seat 14 and the ball clamp 11 through the cooperation of the sliding seat 12 and the first elastic piece 13 in one fracturing cycle, and realize the automatic seating of the ball 4. Compared with the fracturing mode of multi-stage ball throwing in the prior art, the method simplifies the whole fracturing flow and reduces the fracturing operation time, thereby achieving the purposes of cost reduction and efficiency improvement.
As shown in fig. 1, the ball-throwing type energy-gathering fracturing tool has a housing 3, and a cavity 21 is formed inside the housing 3. The housing 3 has opposite upper and lower ends. The opposite upper end and lower end are generally referred to as the upper end and the lower end in the gravity direction, but the orientation of the pitching type energy-gathering fracturing tool in other changing scenes is not limited, for example, in a horizontal fracturing operation, the pitching type energy-gathering fracturing tool can be horizontally placed, the description takes the fracturing operation in a vertical well as an application scene,
the housing 3 is provided with a ball clamp 11 and a ball seat 22. The ball holder 11 is for receiving a plurality of balls and is disposed above the ball seat 22. In particular, the ball clamp 11 has a longitudinally extending receiving chamber having a first end and a second end opposite to each other in the longitudinal extension direction of the receiving chamber. The inner diameter of the receiving cavity is slightly larger than the diameter of the ball 4 to ensure that the ball 4 can enter the receiving cavity of the ball clamp 11. The length of the receiving chamber is set according to the number of the balls 4, and the present application is not particularly limited. In a specific embodiment, when 4-5 fracturing operations are required, 5 balls 4 in the accommodating cavity need to be ensured, and the length of the accommodating cavity is greater than 5 times of the diameter of each ball 4.
Further, the ball clamp 11 may have a cylindrical structure and is attached to the inner wall of the housing 3. The ball clamp 11 may be placed laterally in the cavity 21 of the housing 3 or longitudinally, as long as the inner ball 4 is allowed to flow out of the opening of the housing 3. Preferably, the ball catch 11 is positioned longitudinally within the housing 3, and the opening of the ball catch 11 may be located at the second end in order to facilitate the outflow of the ball 4.
A fixing seat 14 is disposed between the opening of the housing 3 and the ball seat 22, and the fixing seat 14 has a first passage 141. The holder 14 is adapted to allow the ball 4 to drop into the ball seat 22 along the first passage 141. The holder 14 is fixed to an inner wall of the housing 3, and the holder 14 is disposed above the ball seat 22 in order to allow the ball 4 to fall into the ball seat 22 through the first passage 141.
A sliding seat 12 is disposed between the fixed seat 14 and the ball clamp 11, the sliding seat 12 has a second channel 121, and the second channel 121 is located between the first channel 141 and the opening and is communicated with the first channel 141 and the opening. The sliding seat 12 has a first position allowing the ball 4 to enter the second passage 121 and a second position preventing the ball 4 from entering the second passage 121. When the sliding seat 12 moves between the first position and the second position, the second passage 121 of the sliding seat 12 can receive the ball 4 flowing out of the opening and transport the ball 4 to the first passage 141 of the fixed seat 14.
The first elastic element 13 applies force to the sliding seat 12. Specifically, when the fracturing medium pushes the sliding seat 12, the first elastic member 13 can accumulate elastic potential energy, and the sliding seat 12 is in the first position to receive the ball 4. When the strength of the fracturing medium is reduced, the first elastic part 13 can release the accumulated elastic potential energy, drive the sliding seat 12 to move to the second position, and convey the ball 4 to the first channel 141 of the fixed seat 14. Thus, the sliding seat 12 can be driven by the fracturing medium and the first elastic member 13 to move between the fixed seat 14 and the ball clamp 11.
In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the fixed seat 14 is fixed on the inner wall of the housing 3, the opening of the ball clamp 11 is arranged to be offset from the first channel 141, and the second channel 121 can be alternatively offset from the first channel 141 and the opening when the sliding seat 12 moves between the first position and the second position.
The opening of the ball clamp 11 is offset from the first channel 141 of the fixing seat 14, so that the ball 4 in the ball clamp 11 cannot directly enter the first channel 141. During the movement of the sliding seat 12, the second channel 121 can be alternatively misaligned with the first channel 141 and the opening.
Specifically, when the sliding seat 12 is pushed by the fracturing medium, the second passage 121 of the sliding seat 12 moves toward the opening, so that the second passage 121 can function as a ball 4. Because the second channel 121 moves to the opening, the second channel 121 and the first channel 141 are also in a dislocation state, and the ball 4 is clamped between the first channel 141 and the second channel 121 after entering the second channel 121, so that the second channel 121 plays a role in temporarily storing the ball 4, and the ball is prevented from falling in the energy collecting process. After the energy gathering is finished, when the first elastic element 13 drives the sliding seat 12 to move, the second channel 121 of the sliding seat 12 moves towards the first channel 141. When the second passage 121 is concentric with the first passage 141, the second passage 121 is misaligned with the opening, thereby preventing other balls from entering the second passage 121, and the ball 4 stored in the second passage 121 enters along the first passage 141 and falls by gravity onto the ball seat 22 below.
The first elastic member 13 may be disposed between the sliding seat 12 and the sidewall of the housing 3. One end of the first elastic member 13 is fixed to the side wall of the housing 3, and the other end is fixed to the sliding seat 12. The sliding seat 12 is clamped between the fixed seat 14 and the ball clamp 11.
In a specific embodiment, the energy-gathering fracturing tool further comprises a sealing member (not shown in the figure) disposed between the fixed seat 14 and the ball clamp 11, the sealing member is formed with a sealing cavity for accommodating the first elastic member 13 and a part of the sliding seat 12, and the sealing member is provided with a sealing hole for the sliding seat 12 to penetrate through.
In this embodiment, in order to make the first elastic member 13 move with the sliding seat 12 and prevent the fracturing medium from entering to affect the operation of the first elastic member 13, a sealing member may be disposed between the ball clamp 11 and the fixed seat 14. The seal has a hollow chamber for receiving the first resilient member 13 and a portion of the sliding seat 12, the sliding seat 12 acts as a piston, most of which is exposed to the fracturing medium and a small portion of which is connected to the first resilient member 13 and sealed in the seal.
The hollow chamber of the seal contains a certain air medium and it is necessary to ensure that the sliding seat 12 can be pushed by the fracturing medium so that the second channel 121 of the sliding seat 12 can move to receive the ball flowing out of the opening of the ball clamp 11.
In the initial state, that is, before energy collection, the first elastic element 13 may be in a natural extension state, the second channel 121 of the sliding seat 12 is misaligned with the lower end opening of the ball clamp 11, during energy collection, the sliding seat 12 is under the action of energy collection pressure to compress the first elastic element 13 to move towards the inner wall of the housing 3, and when the energy collection pressure reaches the designed energy collection extreme value, the sliding seat 12 moves to the set position. When the slide shoe 12 is in the set position, the second channel 121 of the slide shoe 12 is concentric with the opening of the ball clamp 11, and the ball 4 in the ball clamp 11 falls out of the opening and moves into the second channel 121 for storage. After the energy gathering is finished, the pressure is released, the ball 4 in the second channel 121 is pushed by the elastic force of the first elastic piece 13 to move outwards to the second channel 121 to be concentric with the first channel 141 of the fixed seat 14, the ball 4 moves downwards under the action of gravity to move on the ball seat 22 to realize sealing, and the energy gathering can be carried out on the fracturing fluid in the fracturing string again.
In this embodiment, the first passage 141 extends obliquely toward the ball seat 22 for providing a guiding function to the ball 4. The size of the opening and the second channel 121 match the diameter of the ball 4. That is, the diameter of the opening and the second passage 121 is slightly larger than the diameter of the ball 4, which ensures that the ball 4 can enter the second passage 121, but the diameter of the opening and the second passage 121 cannot be too large, which prevents the ball 4 from directly falling from the second passage 121 during energy collection.
In this specification, as shown in fig. 1, the ball-throwing type energy-gathering fracturing tool comprises two parts, one part is an energy-gathering part 2 and comprises a ball seat 22 for plugging the whole cavity 21; the other part is a pitching part 1 for automatically pitching a ball seat 22 along with the fracturing cycle.
In an embodiment of the present description, the ball-throwing focused fracturing tool further comprises: and a second elastic member 25 for providing a force to the ball seat 22 in a direction opposite to a direction in which a fracturing medium acts on the ball seat 22, wherein when the fracturing medium pushes the ball seat 22 to move, the ball 4 and the fracturing medium can flow out from a through hole (not shown) formed in the ball seat 22, the cavity 21 is in a through state, and when the second elastic member 25 drives the ball seat 22 to move, the ball seat 22 is matched with another ball 4 to make the cavity 21 in a blocking state.
Specifically, the ball seat 22 is provided with a through hole for seating the ball 4. In order to facilitate the ball 4 thrown by the ball throwing portion 1 to be accurately seated on the through hole, the ball seat 22 is integrally formed in a claw-shaped structure, and the through hole is formed at the center of the claw-shaped structure. When a fracturing medium is injected above the ball seat 22, the ball seat 22 is subjected to the fracturing medium and the downward pressure exerted by the ball 4, and in order to resist this pressure, the concentrator section 2 is further provided with a second elastic element 25, which second elastic element 25 may provide a pulling or pushing force to the ball seat 22. During energy gathering, the ball seat 22 moves downwards under the thrust of energy gathering pressure, so that the diameter of the through hole is gradually increased, but at the moment, the diameter of the through hole is still smaller than that of the ball 4, so that the ball 4 and the ball seat 22 can still block the cavity 21. When the energy-gathering pressure reaches the designed energy-gathering extreme value, the ball seat 22 moves to the set position. When the ball seat 22 is at the set position, the diameter of the through hole is larger than that of the ball 4, at the moment, the cavity 21 is in a through state, and the ball 4 and the fracturing medium above the ball 4 can flow out through the through hole. After the energy accumulation is finished, the pressure is released, the ball seat 22 starts to rise under the driving of the second elastic piece 25, and the diameter of the through hole is reduced until the ball seat 22 is reset to the initial position. At this time, the pitching section 1 also completes the pitching operation, and another ball 4 is seated on the ball seat 22 to perform the next fracturing fluid energy gathering.
In the embodiment of the present specification, the energy concentrating portion 2 further includes: a base 24 fixed on the inner wall of the housing 3, one end of the second elastic member 25 is fixed to the base 24, the other end of the second elastic member 25 is fixed to a sliding sleeve 23, and the second elastic member 25 can push the sliding sleeve 23 to abut against the ball seat 22.
In the present embodiment, the second elastic member 25 is disposed below the ball seat 22. A sliding sleeve 23 is disposed between the second elastic member 25 and the ball seat 22, one end of the second elastic member 25 is connected to the base 24, and the other end is connected to the sliding sleeve 23. The sliding sleeve 23 may be a thick-walled steel pipe, and the upper end of the thick-walled steel pipe may be designed to be stepped to abut against the ball seat 22. The base 24 is connected on the inner wall of the shell 3, the base 24 can be of a steel pipe structure and has a connecting end connected with the inner wall of the shell 3, the second elastic piece 25 is fixed on the connecting end, the sliding sleeve 23 can be sleeved outside the base 24, and the upper end of the base 24 can limit the sliding sleeve 23.
Further, the ball seat 22 has a fixed end connected to the housing 3 and a movable end contacting the sliding sleeve 23, and when the movable end moves relative to the housing 3, the size of the through hole increases or decreases. As shown in fig. 2 and 3, since the free end of the ball seat 22 is always in contact with the sliding sleeve 23 during the process of being pressed down, the through hole of the ball seat 22 is gradually enlarged as the sliding sleeve 23 moves down until the ball 4 on the ball seat 22 can drop out of the through hole. When the sliding sleeve 23 moves upwards, the movable end of the ball seat 22 is reset along with the moving upwards of the sliding sleeve 23, and the through hole of the ball seat 22 is gradually reduced until the ball seat 22 is reset.
In one embodiment, the ball seat 22 is formed of a plurality of resilient steel plates having a fan shape. Specifically, the ball seat 22 may be made of a fan-shaped blade-shaped elastic steel sheet, and the ball seat 22 constituting a claw-shaped structure is partially overlapped. The blade has a large end and a small end opposite to each other, the large end is connected with the inner wall of the shell 3, namely the fixed end, and the small end is in contact with the sliding sleeve 23, namely the movable end. The downward thrust of the pressure on the upper portion of the claw-shaped ball seat 22 to the claw-shaped ball seat 22 can be transmitted to the second elastic member 25 through the sliding sleeve 23, when the sliding sleeve 23 slides downward gradually, the overlapping portion of the claw-shaped ball seat 22 is gradually expanded, the middle through hole is gradually enlarged, when the energy-gathered extreme value reaches the designed extreme value, the second elastic member 25 is seriously compressed, the sliding sleeve 23 continues to slide downward, and the claw-shaped ball seat 22 is expanded to the middle through hole to allow the ball 4 to pass through.
Further, the elastic coefficient of the second elastic member 25 is not greater than the elastic coefficient of the first elastic member 13. So that the second elastic member 25 can rapidly restore the ball seat 22 before or at the time of pitching the pitching section 1. In the embodiment of the present application, during the gradual opening of the claw-shaped ball seat 22 of the power concentrating portion 2, the sliding seat 12 also gradually compresses the first elastic member 13, and at the moment when the claw-shaped ball seat 22 of the power concentrating portion 2 is completely opened, the sliding seat 12 can slide to the second passage 121 to be concentric with the opening of the ball clamp 11; when the pressure of the fracturing string is released and the claw-shaped ball seat 22 is reset, the sliding seat 12 is also reset, and after the two parts are completely reset, the ball 4 falls onto the claw-shaped ball seat 22, and the two parts are matched to complete an energy-gathering fracturing cycle and enter the next energy-gathering fracturing cycle.
In the embodiment of the present specification, a first end of the ball clamp 11 is provided with a flip cover 111 for closing the accommodating cavity, the flip cover 111 is provided with a third elastic member 112 having elastic potential energy, and the third elastic member 112 can push the ball 4 to move towards the opening. The flip 111 may be inclined to facilitate mounting of the ball 4. When a plurality of balls are stored in the receiving cavity of the ball clamp 11, the third elastic member 112 may be in a compressed state, and has elastic potential energy, and can automatically press out the balls 4.
In order to further understand the present specification, the method of using the ball-throwing type energy-gathering fracturing tool provided by the embodiment of the present specification will be further described below with reference to fig. 1 to 3.
Before the tool is run into the well, the flip cover 111 of the ball clamp 11 is opened, a plurality of balls 4 are loaded into the ball clamp 11, and the third elastic member 112 is in a compressed state. The first elastic element 13 is in a natural extension state, and the second channel 121 of the sliding seat 12 is concentric with the first channel 141 of the fixed seat 14 and is arranged in a staggered manner with the opening of the ball clamp 11. A ball 4 is seated on the ball seat 22, and the second elastic member 25 pushes the sliding sleeve 23 in a state where the upper portion is pressed against the ball seat 22.
At the beginning of fracturing, injecting supercritical CO into the pipe column2As the pressure in the pipe string continues to rise, the sliding seat 12 compresses the first elastic member 13 by the pressure in the pipe string and slides toward the inner wall of the housing 3. Meanwhile, in the energy collecting part 2, under the action of pressure, the movable end of the claw-shaped ball seat 22 moves downwards, the claw-shaped ball seat 22 moves and pushes the sliding sleeve 23 to slide downwards, and the sliding sleeve 23 compresses the second elastic element 25 to compress.
When the energy concentration in the cavity 21 is extreme (supercritical CO)2Pressure intensity) reaches a set value, the sliding seat 12 compresses the first elastic part 13 to move to an extreme value, at this time, the second channel 121 is concentric with the opening of the ball clamp 11, the ball 4 in the ball clamp 11 moves downwards to the second channel 121 under the action of the third elastic part 112 and the gravity of the ball clamp itself to be stored, at this time, the second channel 121 is dislocated with the first channel 141 of the fixed seat 14, and the small ball is ensured not to fall off. At the same time, is subjected to supercritical CO2Under the action of the pressure, the claw-shaped ball seat 22 pushes the sliding sleeve 23 to move downwards to the lowest end, the through hole of the claw-shaped ball seat 22 is opened, and the ball 4 seated on the through hole falls off, as shown in fig. 2. At this time, the cavity 21 is in a through state, and supercritical CO is generated2Can enter the lower pipe column and act on the stratum through the perforation on the lower pipe column to finish one-time fracturing.
When the fracturing fluid in the pipe column acts on the reservoir, the pressure in the pipe column is reduced, the sliding sleeve 23 is pushed to move upwards under the action of the second elastic piece 25, and the sliding sleeve 23 acts on the claw-shaped ball seat 22 to reset the claw-shaped ball seat. Meanwhile, under the action of the first elastic element 13, the sliding seat 12 carries the ball 4 in the second channel 121 to slide towards the direction away from the inner wall of the shell 3, the ball 4 slides to the second channel 121 to be concentric with the first channel 141, and the ball 4 moves downwards under the action of gravity and falls onto the claw-shaped ball seat 22, so that an energy-gathering fracturing cycle is completed.
The ball-throwing type energy-gathering fracturing tool provided by the embodiment of the specification can be fully combined with supercritical CO2And the characteristic of high-pressure energy accumulation can better realize the supercritical CO2High pressure energy gathering and instantaneous impact to reach supercritical CO2Increasing production effect of energy-gathering fracturing.
The pitching type energy-gathering fracturing tool can be used in the stratum which needs to be subjected to repeated fracturing operation for many times. Because a plurality of balls can be accommodated in the ball clamp, after once energy-gathering fracturing operation is completed, the balls can fall again and can gather energy for a plurality of times, so that tools do not need to be replaced, the fracturing string does not need to be pulled out and put into the fracturing string, the fracturing operation time is shortened, and the purposes of cost reduction and efficiency improvement are achieved.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concepts and features of the present disclosure, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present disclosure and implement the present disclosure, and not to limit the scope of the present disclosure. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present specification should be covered within the protection scope of the present specification.
All articles and references disclosed, including patent applications and publications, are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes. The term "consisting essentially of …" describing a combination shall include the identified element, ingredient, component or step as well as other elements, ingredients, components or steps that do not materially affect the basic novel characteristics of the combination. The use of the terms "comprising" or "including" to describe combinations of elements, components, or steps herein also contemplates embodiments that consist essentially of such elements, components, or steps. By using the term "may" herein, it is intended to indicate that any of the described attributes that "may" include are optional.
A plurality of elements, components, parts or steps can be provided by a single integrated element, component, part or step. Alternatively, a single integrated element, component, part or step may be divided into separate plural elements, components, parts or steps. The disclosure of "a" or "an" to describe an element, ingredient, component or step is not intended to foreclose other elements, ingredients, components or steps.
It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. Many embodiments and many applications other than the examples provided will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading the above description. The disclosures of all articles and references, including patent applications and publications, are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes.
Claims (9)
1. A ball-throwing, energy-gathering fracturing tool, comprising:
a housing having a cavity with a ball seat disposed therein;
a ball clamp for receiving a plurality of balls, the ball clamp having an opening;
a fixed seat arranged between the opening and the ball seat, wherein the fixed seat is provided with a first channel;
a sliding seat disposed between the first channel and the opening, the sliding seat having a second channel;
the slide shoe having a first position to allow the ball to enter the second channel and a second position to block the ball from entering the second channel;
the first elastic piece can apply force to the sliding seat;
when the sliding seat is at a first position, the ball enters the second channel from the opening, and the first elastic member accumulates elastic potential energy; when the sliding seat is located at the second position, the first elastic piece releases accumulated elastic potential energy, and the ball falls into the ball seat along the second channel and the first channel in sequence.
2. The ball-of-throw shaped power fracturing tool of claim 1, further comprising: the ball seat is provided with a second elastic piece which acts on the ball seat with a force in the opposite direction of the ball seat with a fracturing medium, when the fracturing medium pushes the ball seat to move, the ball and the fracturing medium can flow out from a through hole on the ball seat, the cavity is in a through state, and when the second elastic piece drives the ball seat to move, the ball seat is matched with another ball so that the cavity is in a blocking state.
3. The pitching type focused energy fracturing tool of claim 2, further comprising: the base is fixed on the inner wall of the shell, one end of the second elastic piece is fixed with the base, the other end of the second elastic piece is fixed with a sliding sleeve, and the second elastic piece can push the sliding sleeve to abut against the ball seat.
4. The ball-shooting shaped fracturing tool of claim 3, wherein the ball seat has a fixed end connected to the housing and a movable end in contact with the sliding sleeve, the through-hole increasing in size or decreasing in size as the movable end moves relative to the housing.
5. The ball-shooting shaped energy gathering fracturing tool of claim 4, wherein the ball seat is comprised of a plurality of resilient steel pieces in a fan shape.
6. The ball-shooting shaped energy gathering fracturing tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fixed seat and the first elastic member are fixed on an inner wall of the housing, the opening is arranged to be misaligned with the first passage, and the second passage can be alternately misaligned with the first passage and the opening when the sliding seat moves between the first position and the second position.
7. The pitching type energy-gathering fracturing tool according to claim 6, further comprising a seal member disposed between the fixed seat and the ball clamp, the seal member forming a seal cavity for accommodating the first elastic member and a part of the sliding seat, the seal member being provided with a seal hole through which the sliding seat is inserted.
8. The pitching type energy concentrating fracturing tool of claim 1, wherein the ball clamp has a longitudinally extending receiving cavity having opposite first and second ends in the longitudinal extension thereof, the first end being provided with a flap for closing the receiving cavity, the flap being provided with a third resilient member having resilient potential energy capable of urging the ball towards the opening.
9. The ball-shooting shaped energy concentrating fracturing tool of claim 8, wherein the opening is provided at the second end, the opening and the second passage being sized to match a diameter of a ball.
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| CN202010868260.6A CN111911124B (en) | 2020-08-26 | 2020-08-26 | Ball-throwing type energy-gathering fracturing tool |
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| CN202010868260.6A CN111911124B (en) | 2020-08-26 | 2020-08-26 | Ball-throwing type energy-gathering fracturing tool |
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