CN111905667A - Micro-channel reactor - Google Patents
Micro-channel reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN111905667A CN111905667A CN202010855925.XA CN202010855925A CN111905667A CN 111905667 A CN111905667 A CN 111905667A CN 202010855925 A CN202010855925 A CN 202010855925A CN 111905667 A CN111905667 A CN 111905667A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0093—Microreactors, e.g. miniaturised or microfabricated reactors
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical micro-reaction equipment, and particularly relates to a micro-channel reactor. The technical scheme is as follows: the reactor comprises a reactor shell, an upper end flow guide base plate, an upper end sealing cover, a lower end flow guide base plate, a lower end sealing cover, reaction micro-channels and a heat-conducting medium cavity, wherein a material inlet penetrates through the upper end sealing cover and is communicated with a plurality of reaction micro-channels which are connected in parallel through the upper end flow guide base plate, a material outlet penetrates through the lower end sealing cover and is communicated with the reaction micro-channels through the lower end flow guide base plate, and the reaction micro-channels are linear or curved integrated columnar channels. The invention adopts the integrated micro-reaction tube as the reaction tube bundle, thereby avoiding the leakage of the reactor and prolonging the service life of the micro-channel reactor; the micro-reaction tube is subjected to roughening treatment on the inner surface of the pipeline by technical treatment modes such as acid etching, coating or high temperature, the specific surface area of the reactor is increased, and the turbulence effect is increased, so that reaction materials are mixed more fully, and the reaction rate is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical micro-reaction equipment, and particularly relates to a micro-channel reactor.
Background
Microchannel reactors, also known as microreactors, usually contain small channel sizes and channel diversity and are devices that can be used to perform chemical reactions fabricated in solid matrices by means of special microfabrication techniques. Compared with the conventional reactor, the microchannel reactor has the characteristics of small volume, large specific surface area, continuous process, easy amplification and the like. The micro-reactor has very high heat transfer and mass transfer efficiency due to the unique structure, can ensure that the reaction layer is close to constant temperature, is beneficial to the carrying out of various chemical reactions, and is applied to a plurality of fields. Meanwhile, the continuous flow microchannel reactor with different structures can realize the rapid mixing of reaction materials and effectively control the mass transfer and heat transfer problems in the reaction process, thereby not only improving the reaction yield and the product quality, but also reducing the energy consumption of industrial production, being beneficial to safety and environmental protection and reducing the process risk.
The traditional micro-channel reactor is a micro-reactor with the characteristic dimension of 10-300 mu m or 1000 mu m manufactured by using a precision machining technology, the micro-reactor is made of metal materials by combining two sheets into one initially, the structure is simpler, and after the micro-channel reactor with the structure is used for a period of time, the leakage phenomenon at the joint can occur through the repeated expansion and contraction processes of a reactor pipeline. The microchannel reactor is one of important core devices in a micro chemical system, and with the continuous development of the current social environment safety situation and the micro reactor technology, the micro reaction technology and the equipment thereof are more and more concerned by people and gradually become a hot spot of industrial research.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to adapt to the development of the existing micro-reaction technology and meet the technical requirements of a micro chemical reaction system, the invention provides a micro-channel reactor. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the microchannel reactor comprises a reactor shell, an upper end flow guide backing plate, an upper end sealing cover, a lower end flow guide backing plate, a lower end sealing cover, reaction microchannels and a heat-conducting medium cavity, wherein the reaction microchannels are positioned in the heat-conducting medium cavity, the reactor shell wraps the heat-conducting medium cavity, a material inlet penetrates through the upper end sealing cover and is communicated with a plurality of reaction microchannels which are connected in parallel through the upper end flow guide backing plate, a material outlet penetrates through the lower end sealing cover and is then communicated with the reaction microchannels through the lower end flow guide backing plate, and the reaction microchannels are linear or curved integrated columnar channels.
Preferably, the reaction microchannel has a curved shape of one of "S" shape, spiral shape, and zigzag shape of "Z" shape having a connection angle of 60 DEG < alpha < 90 deg.
Preferably, the inner wall surface of the reaction microchannel is roughened by coating, etching or high temperature depending on the material.
Preferably, the material of the reaction microchannel is any one of stainless steel, hastelloy, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl chloride, glass and silicon carbide.
Preferably, the surface of the reactor shell is covered with a heat insulation layer, and the opening on the reactor shell is provided with a heat-conducting medium inlet and a heat-conducting medium outlet.
Preferably, the upper guide backing plate is provided with a material introducing port, a material guide groove, a two-way circulation guide groove and a reaction channel connecting groove, the material introducing port is positioned in the middle of the guide backing plate and is communicated with the material inlet on the upper end sealing cover upwards, the material guide groove is communicated with the material guide groove in a radial shape towards the periphery, the material guide groove is communicated with the two-way circulation guide groove which is distributed in an annular shape, the two-way circulation guide groove is communicated with the reaction micro-channel through the reaction channel connecting groove, and the lower guide backing plate has the same structure as the.
Preferably, the number of the material diversion grooves arranged on the diversion base plates at the upper and lower ends corresponds to the number of the reaction micro-channels arranged in the reactor shell.
Preferably, the material inlet of the upper end sealing cover and the material inlet of the upper end flow guide backing plate are communicated and integrated, and the material outlet of the lower end sealing cover and the material outlet of the lower end flow guide backing plate are communicated and integrated.
Preferably, the upper end sealing cover and the lower end sealing cover are in a dome shape, the upper end sealing cover and the lower end sealing cover are connected with the reactor shell, the upper end guide plate and the lower end guide plate are connected with the upper end sealing cover and the lower end sealing cover through flange plates, the diameters of the upper end sealing cover and the lower end sealing cover are consistent and do not exceed the diameter of the upper end guide plate and the lower end guide plate, the upper end guide plate and the lower end sealing cover are connected with the reactor shell in a screwing mode or a welding mode to realize integral sealing, and an inlet and an outlet of a reaction microchannel are respectively and fixedly connected with a reaction channel connecting groove on the upper end guide backing plate and a reaction channel.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention directly adopts the seamless integrated micro reaction tube as the basic unit of the reaction tube bundle, can effectively avoid the leakage of the reactor and prolong the service life of the micro-channel reactor; meanwhile, the inner surface of the pipeline of the micro reaction tube is roughened by technical treatment modes such as acid etching, coating or high temperature, the specific surface area of the reactor is increased, and the turbulence effect of materials in the pipeline is increased, so that the reaction materials are mixed more fully, the reaction rate is improved, and the mass transfer and heat transfer efficiency is improved; the diameter phi of the channel of the micro-channel reactor is designed to be 1000 mu m, the material can be selected in a wide range, and the micro-channel reactor can be used as an independent unit for synthesis research, can form a multi-stage parallel or series reaction combined unit structure, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall appearance structure of a microchannel reactor;
FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a microchannel reactor;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the inner part of one of the reaction microchannels roughened;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the upper and lower deflector plates.
Wherein: 1. the reactor comprises a reactor shell, 11 parts of a heat-conducting medium inlet, 12 parts of a heat-conducting medium outlet, 13 parts of a heat-insulating layer, 2 parts of an upper end flow guide gasket, 21 parts of a reaction micro-channel connecting groove, 22 parts of a material introducing port, 23 parts of a material flow guide groove, 24 parts of a bidirectional circulation flow guide groove, 3 parts of an upper end sealing cover, 31 parts of an upper end material inlet, 4 parts of a lower end flow guide gasket, 41 parts of a reaction micro-channel connecting groove, 42 parts of a material leading-out port, 43 parts of a material flow guide groove, 44 parts of a bidirectional circulation flow guide groove, 5 parts of a lower end sealing cover, 51 parts of a lower end material outlet, 6 parts of a reaction micro-channel, 61 parts of a reaction micro-channel inlet, 62 parts of a reaction micro-channel.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
In order to further explain the positive significance of the invention, the invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings and specific implementation forms.
The device comprises a microchannel reactor, an upper end sealing cover 3, an upper end flow guide backing plate 2, a reactor shell 1, a lower end flow guide backing plate 4, a lower end sealing cover 5, a microchannel and the like.
The upper and lower end flow guide backing plates, the upper and lower end sealing covers and the reactor shell 1 are connected into a closed integral structure in a screwing or welding mode; the upper end flow guide backing plate 2 is connected with the upper end sealing cover 3, and the lower end flow guide backing plate 4 is connected with the lower end sealing cover 5 through flange plates. The upper and lower end flow guide backing plates and the reactor shell 1 enclose a heat-conducting medium cavity, and a micro-reaction channel tube bundle formed by parallel connection is immersed in the heat-conducting medium cavity. Can realize rapid and direct heat transfer process and improve reaction rate.
The reactor shell 1 is provided with a heat-conducting medium inlet 11, a heat-conducting medium outlet 12 and a heat-insulating layer 13. The upper layer of the upper end flow guide backing plate 2 is provided with a dome-shaped upper end sealing cover 3, and the lower layer of the upper end flow guide backing plate 2 is connected with the reactor shell 1; the lower layer of the lower end flow guide backing plate 4 is provided with a dome-shaped lower end sealing cover 5, and the upper layer of the lower end flow guide backing plate 4 is connected with the reactor shell 1; the upper end sealing cover and the lower end sealing cover are circular with the bottom surface of the reactor shell 1, and the diameters of the upper end sealing cover and the lower end sealing cover are equal and do not exceed the diameters of the circular bottom surfaces of the upper end flow guide backing plate and the lower end flow guide backing plate.
The upper end sealing cover 3 is provided with a material inlet 31, the upper end guide backing plate 2 is provided with a material introducing port 22, and the material introducing port 22 and the material inlet are communicated with each other and are of an integrated structure.
The material introducing port 22 is positioned in the middle of the upper end guide backing plate 2, four groups of material guide grooves 23 are radially distributed on the material introducing port 22 towards the periphery, the other ends of the material guide grooves 23 are connected with two-way circulation guide grooves which are annularly distributed, reaction microchannel connecting grooves are formed in the two-way circulation guide grooves, and inlets of the reaction microchannels and the reaction channel connecting grooves 41 are fixedly connected in an embedded seamless mode.
The lower end closing cap is provided with a material outlet, the lower end diversion base plate is provided with a material outlet 22, and the material outlet 22 and the material outlet are communicated with each other and are of an integral structure.
The material outlet is positioned in the middle of the lower end diversion base plate, four groups of material diversion grooves are radially distributed on the material outlet towards the periphery, the other ends of the material diversion grooves are connected with the two-way circulation diversion grooves which are annularly distributed, the two-way circulation diversion grooves are provided with reaction microchannel connection grooves, and the outlets of the reaction microchannels and the reaction channel connection grooves are in embedded seamless fixed connection. The number of the material diversion grooves on the upper diversion base plate and the lower diversion base plate is determined by the number of the reaction micro-channels in the reactor shell.
The reaction microchannel is provided with a roughened inner wall 63 and a reaction cavity 64; the diameter phi of the reaction micro-channel 6 is about 1000 mu m; the material of the micro-reaction channel 6 can be any one of stainless steel, hastelloy, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl chloride, glass or silicon carbide and the like according to the reaction type and cost optimization requirement;
the reaction microchannel 6 may be in the form of a straight tube, an "S" -shaped or spiral-shaped monolithic tubular channel, a zigzag "Z" -shaped channel having a connection angle of 60 ° < α < 90 °, or the like. The reaction micro-channel 6 can adopt the technical modes of irregular spraying coating, acid-base corrosion, high temperature and the like to roughen the inner wall of the channel according to the selected material, thereby being beneficial to effectively increasing the vortex mixing effect when the material flows through the channel, increasing the contact area of the material, and improving the reaction rate and the conversion rate.
The microchannel reactor can be used as a single reaction device, can also be used as a unit of reaction for multistage parallel or serial use, and is applied to actual large-scale industrial production.
The invention relates to a micro-channel reactor, which has the following specific working principle:
the reaction materials are premixed and then pumped into the bidirectional circulation diversion trench 24 from the material inlet 31 arranged on the upper end sealing cover 3 at a constant speed, under the action of external force and gravity, the materials are evenly led into the bidirectional circulation diversion trench 24 along the material diversion trench 23 through the material leading-in port 22 on the upper end diversion pad 2, then the materials enter through the inlets 61 of all reaction micro-channels 6 embedded and linked on the upper end diversion pad 2 of the bear, and react in the reaction cavity 64 under the action of vortex mixing and gravity of the roughened inner wall 63 in the reaction micro-channels 6;
wherein, the temperature (low cold or high temperature) required by the reaction process is provided by the medium circulating in the heat-conducting medium flow chamber 7, and the reaction micro-channel 6 is immersed in the circulating heat-conducting medium in the heat-conducting medium flow chamber 7 to realize the instantaneous exchange of energy;
wherein, the reaction micro-channel 6 is a spiral integral tubular channel with the diameter phi =1200 μm and made of glass, and the inner wall is irregularly roughened by a ceramic coating film;
under the action of external force and gravity, the reaction liquid flows out from an outlet 62 of the reaction microchannel 6 at a constant speed, flows through a connecting groove 41 on the lower end diversion base plate 4, flows through a bidirectional circulation diversion groove 44 and a material diversion groove 43, then is merged into a material outlet 42 and flows out of the microchannel reactor, and according to the reaction progress degree and the required yield scale, the industrial purpose can be achieved by the modes of prolonging the length of the reaction microchannel and connecting the reaction microchannel in series or in parallel.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A microchannel reactor comprises a reactor shell, an upper end flow guide backing plate, an upper end sealing cover, a lower end flow guide backing plate, a lower end sealing cover, a reaction microchannel and a heat-conducting medium cavity.
2. The microchannel reactor of claim 1, wherein the reaction microchannel has a curved shape of one of an "S" shape, a spiral shape, and a zigzag shape having a connection angle of 60 ° < α < 90 °.
3. The microchannel reactor of claim 1, wherein the reaction microchannel has an inner wall surface roughened by coating, etching, or high temperature depending on the material used.
4. The microchannel reactor of claim 1, wherein the reaction microchannel is made of any one of stainless steel, hastelloy, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl chloride, glass, or silicon carbide.
5. The microchannel reactor of claim 1, wherein the reactor shell is covered with a heat insulating layer, and the opening of the reactor shell is provided with a heat conducting medium inlet and a heat conducting medium outlet.
6. The microchannel reactor according to claim 1, wherein the upper guide plate has a material inlet, a material guide groove, a two-way circulation guide groove, and a reaction channel connection groove, the material inlet is located at a middle position of the guide plate, and is communicated with the material inlet of the upper end cover upward and radially in a circumferential direction with the material guide groove, the material guide groove is communicated with the two-way circulation guide groove distributed in a ring shape, the two-way circulation guide groove is communicated with the reaction microchannel through the reaction channel connection groove, and the lower guide plate has the same structure as the upper guide plate.
7. The microchannel reactor of claim 5, wherein the number of the material guiding grooves formed in the upper and lower guiding backing plates corresponds to the number of the reaction microchannels formed in the reactor housing.
8. The microchannel reactor of claim 5, wherein the material inlet of the upper end sealing cover and the material inlet of the upper end flow guide backing plate are communicated with each other and integrated with each other, and the material outlet of the lower end sealing cover and the material outlet of the lower end flow guide backing plate are communicated with each other and integrated with each other.
9. The microchannel reactor of claim 1, wherein the upper end cap and the lower end cap are dome-shaped, the upper end cap and the lower end cap are connected to the reactor housing, the upper and lower end guide plates are connected to the upper and lower end caps by flanges, the diameters of the upper and lower end caps and the reactor housing are the same and do not exceed the diameters of the upper and lower end guide plates, the upper and lower end caps and the reactor housing are connected by screwing or welding to achieve integral sealing, and the inlet and outlet of the reaction microchannel are respectively connected to the reaction channel connecting groove on the upper end guide backing plate and the reaction channel connecting groove on the lower end guide backing plate in an embedded seamless fixed manner.
10. The microchannel reactor of claim 1, wherein the microchannel reactor is a multi-stage parallel or series reaction combination unit structure.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010855925.XA CN111905667A (en) | 2020-08-24 | 2020-08-24 | Micro-channel reactor |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010855925.XA CN111905667A (en) | 2020-08-24 | 2020-08-24 | Micro-channel reactor |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109925991A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-06-25 | 山东豪迈化工技术有限公司 | Micro passage reaction |
| CN112961128A (en) * | 2021-02-19 | 2021-06-15 | 上海昶法新材料有限公司 | Novel production process device for preparing ASA |
| CN114618413A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-06-14 | 江西炼石环保科技有限公司 | Column type microchannel reactor |
| CN114887563A (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2022-08-12 | 江苏长青农化南通有限公司 | Micro-channel reactor for improving nitration yield and process thereof |
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