CN111903680A - 一种洋桔梗种子复合引发剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种洋桔梗种子复合引发剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111903680A
CN111903680A CN202010688630.8A CN202010688630A CN111903680A CN 111903680 A CN111903680 A CN 111903680A CN 202010688630 A CN202010688630 A CN 202010688630A CN 111903680 A CN111903680 A CN 111903680A
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completely dissolved
seeds
germination
gibberellin
polyethylene glycol
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王维泽
崔嵬
石乐娟
吴青青
杜致辉
唐玲涵
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Guizhou Institute Of Horticulture (guizhou Horticultural Engineering Technology Research Center)
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    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
    • A01N37/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system having at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same aromatic ring system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
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    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
    • A01N43/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with a carbocyclic ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N45/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds having three or more carbocyclic rings condensed among themselves, at least one ring not being a six-membered ring

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种洋桔梗种子复合引发剂及其制备方法，包括如下配比的组分：聚乙二醇50—200g/L、甘露醇10—30g/L、水杨酸0.1—0.3g/L、赤霉素0.1—0.3g/L、壳聚糖1—3g/L。制备方法是按50—200g/L将聚乙二醇加入水中至完全溶解后，按10—30g/L加入甘露醇至完全溶解，接着按0.1—0.3g/L加入水杨酸，搅拌至完全溶解，然后按0.1—0.3g/L加入赤霉素，搅拌至完全溶解后，按1—3g/L加入壳聚糖，搅拌至完全溶解即得。本发明能提高种子发芽力、促进种子萌发及幼苗生长，易降解、无毒无害。

Description

一种洋桔梗种子复合引发剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于种植技术领域，具体来说涉及一种洋桔梗种子复合引发剂，同时还涉及该洋桔梗种子复合引发剂的制备方法。
背景技术
种子引发是指在一定处理下让种子缓慢吸水和逐渐回干，从而为萌发提前进行生理准备的一种播前种子处理技术。其原理是将种子浸泡在高渗透的溶液中，通过控制种子的吸水进程，让种子缓慢吸水并使种子处在吸氧与吸水的第I I时期，在第II时期因为完成了一些利于种子萌发及生长物质的代谢，而当种子再次引发萌发时，会使时期II到时期III的过渡时间会提前，从而让种子获得良好的发芽效果。目前种子引发技术已在许多植物种类上有成功应用，例如：(1)蔬菜作物：番茄、苦瓜、结球甘蓝、胡萝卜、芹菜、黄瓜、大葱、香瓜、甜瓜、洋葱、欧芹、豌豆、辣椒等各类蔬菜；(2)粮食作物：大麦、玉米、水稻、高粱和小麦等；(3)观赏类植物：向日葵、凤仙花、报春、马鞭草、矮牵牛、三色荃等。
洋桔梗(Eustoma grandiflorum(Raf.)Shinners)属龙胆科草原龙胆属多年生宿根草本花卉，原产美国中部，生产上常作1～2年生栽培。洋桔梗株态轻盈潇洒，花色典雅明快，花形别致可爱，是目前国际上十分流行的盆花和切花种类之一，据统计，2003年至今，云南洋桔梗切花直线上涨，2014年均价为每枝2.3元，是2003年均价的3.65倍；通海洋桔梗切花平均每亩收入3～4万元，部分农户亩收入可达10万元以上，种植经济效益高。但洋桔梗种子价格昂贵(约200元/1000粒)，国内洋桔梗切花生产用种苗90％以上来自荷兰和日本，每株种苗售价0.7～0.8元，生产成本一直居高不下，因种苗问题制约了其在国内的发展。
洋桔梗常用种子繁殖，但种子细小且营养少，所以洋桔梗种子存在前期生长缓慢，出苗率较低、幼苗素质差、更容易受到胁迫产生自由基等生产问题。植物体在生长过程中都会进行呼吸作用或者光合作用，期间伴随着自由基的产生，它们具有很强的氧化能力，现已证明，自由基反应引起细胞的广泛损伤，过量的自由基会影响种子的发芽能力。
目前研究表明种子引发是一种提高种子活力有效且方便的方法。但不同植物种子对引发剂种类与浓度效果不一，有时候甚至出现负效果，因此筛选到一种能显著提高洋桔梗种子引发效果的引发剂应用在洋桔梗的生产是急切需要的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述缺点而提供的一种能提高种子发芽力、促进种子萌发及幼苗生长，易降解、无毒无害的洋桔梗种子复合引发剂。
本发明目的及解决其主要技术问题是采用以下技术方案来实现的：
本发明的一种洋桔梗种子复合引发剂，包括如下配比的组分：
聚乙二醇50—200g/L、甘露醇10—30g/L、水杨酸0.1—0.3g/L、赤霉素0.1—0.3g/L、壳聚糖1—3g/L。
上述的一种洋桔梗种子复合引发剂，优选配比为：
聚乙二醇100g/L、甘露醇30g/L、水杨酸0.2g/L、赤霉素0.2g/L、壳聚糖2g/L。
本发明的一种洋桔梗种子复合引发剂的制备方法，包括：按50—200g/L将聚乙二醇加入水中至完全溶解后，按10—30g/L加入甘露醇至完全溶解，接着按0.1—0.3g/L加入水杨酸，搅拌至完全溶解，然后按0.1—0.3g/L加入赤霉素，搅拌至完全溶解后，按1—3g/L加入壳聚糖，搅拌至完全溶解即得。
本发明同现有技术相比，具有明显的优点和有益效果，由以上技术方案可知，本发明选用甘露醇作为自由基清除剂，甘露醇的半醛基能与自由基OH-反应，产生低毒的自由基，因而减轻了对细胞的损伤，且小分子的甘露醇可扩散至细胞达足量而产生对自由基的清除作用，且廉价。选用壳聚糖作为固定抗菌剂，既能成膜保持种子自身的水分，又具有一定的隔氧性，能减少种子自由基的产生；壳聚糖带有正电荷，在微酸环境中能抑制细菌生长，从而达到抗菌作用。本发明通过水杨酸、赤霉素、聚乙二醇、自由基清除剂、固定抗菌剂复配协同作用，从而渗透引发，控制种子细胞吸水，有利于提高种子发芽力，促进洋桔梗种子萌发。具有防御膜脂过氧化及清除自由基、维持细胞膜的完整性的功能，更有利于幼苗生长，易于操作、天然环保、易降解、无毒无害的优点。试验证明，本发明的引发剂能极显著提高洋桔梗种子的发芽势和种子活力，同时也显著提高了发芽率、发芽指数，缩短平均发芽时间。该洋桔梗引发剂中的最佳配比及浓度为赤霉素0.2g/L+水杨酸0.2g/L+聚乙二醇100g/L并加入自由基清除剂甘露醇，浓度为30g/L，固定、抗菌剂壳聚糖，浓度为2g/L，可以显著提高种子的发芽力。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
一种洋桔梗种子引发剂的制备方法，包括：称取50g聚乙二醇加入水中至完全溶解后，加入10g甘露醇至完全溶解，接着加入0.1g水杨酸，搅拌至完全溶解，然后加入0.1g赤霉素，搅拌至完全溶解后，加入1g壳聚糖，搅拌至完全溶解后配置成1L的溶液。
实施例2:
一种洋桔梗种子引发剂的制备方法，包括：称取200g聚乙二醇加入水中至完全溶解后，加入20g甘露醇至完全溶解，接着加入0.3g水杨酸，搅拌至完全溶解，然后加入0.3g赤霉素，搅拌至完全溶解后，加入3g壳聚糖，搅拌至完全溶解后配置成1L的溶液。
实施例3:
一种洋桔梗种子引发剂的制备方法，包括：称取200g聚乙二醇加入水中至完全溶解后，加入10g甘露醇，接着加入0.2g水杨酸，搅拌至完全溶解，然后加入0.1g赤霉素，搅拌至完全溶解后，加入1g壳聚糖，搅拌至完全溶解后配置成1L的溶液。
实施例4
一种洋桔梗种子引发剂的制备方法，包括：称取50g聚乙二醇加入水中至完全溶解后，加入10g甘露醇，接着加入0.3g水杨酸，搅拌至完全溶解，然后加入0.3g赤霉素，搅拌至完全溶解后，加入1g壳聚糖，搅拌至完全溶解后配置成1L的溶液。
实施例5
一种洋桔梗种子引发剂的制备方法，包括：称取100g聚乙二醇加入水中至完全溶解后，加入30g甘露醇，接着加入0.2g水杨酸，搅拌至完全溶解，然后加入0.2g赤霉素，搅拌至完全溶解后，加入2g壳聚糖，搅拌至完全溶解后配置成1L的溶液。
对比试验
本试验中使用的供试种子为洋桔梗品种“波浪2绿色”，购于北京神州克劳沃园艺技术有限责任公司。
1、种子引发试验：
试验组：挑选饱满、整齐一致的供试种子，置于于9cm的铺两层滤纸的培养皿中，每个培养皿中放入50粒种子，分别加入实施例1-5制得的引发剂没过种子，在20℃黑暗条件下引发处理24h。
对照组：未引发的供试种子。
2、种子发芽试验：
将第1步处理后的试验组和对照组的种子用去离子水洗2min，25℃条件下将种子晾干，然后将种子置于带有两层滤纸，注入清水达到饱和的9cm培养皿中，种子间距离按种子大小的1-2倍摆放。每个培养皿放入50粒种子，不同种类、浓度3次重复。放在22℃，光照条件下的培养箱内进行发芽试验。
3、发芽指标测定
测定种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数和平均发芽时间5项发芽指标。各指标计算方法如下:
种子发芽势(％)＝初期(第7天)发芽种子数/供试种子数*100％；
种子发芽率(％)＝终期(第14天)发芽种子数/供试种子数*100％；
发芽指数(GI)＝∑Gt/Dt；
活力指数(VI)＝∑Gt/Dt*S；
平均发芽时间＝(G1t1+G2t2+……+Gntn)/(G1+G2+……+Gn)
其中Gt为不同发芽天(计数14d)的发芽种子数，Dt为相应发芽天数，S为胚根长。
表1发芽指标结果记录表
Figure BDA0002588526310000041
注：同列数据中不同字母表示处理间在0.05水平有显著性差异；
4、结果及分析
由表1可知：经过实施例1-5所得引发剂引发处理后，与未经引发处理的对照组相比，洋桔梗种子各指标影响程度不一，绝大部分的引发剂都能不同程度的提升洋桔梗种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数和平均发芽时间，其中实施例5显著提高种子的发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、平均发芽时间，与对比例相比，实施例5洋桔梗种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数分别提高了，520.18％、12.02％、56.27％、132.80％，实施例5洋桔梗种子平均发芽时间下降了32.21％。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，任何未脱离本发明技术方案内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。

Claims (3)

1.一种洋桔梗种子复合引发剂，包括如下配比的组分：
聚乙二醇50—200g/L、甘露醇10—30g/L、水杨酸0.1—0.3g/L、赤霉素0.1—0.3g/L、壳聚糖1—3g/L。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种洋桔梗种子复合引发剂，包括如下配比的组份：
聚乙二醇100g/L、甘露醇30g/L、水杨酸0.2g/L、赤霉素0.2g/L、壳聚糖2g/L。
3.一种洋桔梗种子复合引发剂的制备方法，包括：按50—200g/L将聚乙二醇加入水中至完全溶解后，按10—30g/L加入甘露醇至完全溶解，接着按0.1—0.3g/L加入水杨酸，搅拌至完全溶解，然后按0.1—0.3g/L加入赤霉素，搅拌至完全溶解后，按1—3g/L加入壳聚糖，搅拌至完全溶解即得。
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CN112567923A (zh) * 2020-12-09 2021-03-30 海南神农科技股份有限公司 一种水稻种子高效催芽及快速育苗方法

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