CN111901018A - Wireless backhaul method of heterogeneous cellular network based on orthogonal frequency division multiple access - Google Patents
Wireless backhaul method of heterogeneous cellular network based on orthogonal frequency division multiple access Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a wireless return method of a heterogeneous cellular network based on orthogonal frequency division multiple access, which takes an in-band wireless return transmission signal as an interference signal of macro cell downlink and small cell uplink transmission to improve the physical layer safety performance of the heterogeneous cellular network, in a double-layer heterogeneous cellular network model, small cells are deployed on macro cells and share system access frequency band resources with the macro cells, an orthogonal frequency division multiple access scheme can achieve multi-user access, total resources (time and bandwidth) are divided on frequency, a large-scale MIMO macro cell base station and a single-antenna small cell base station work in an in-band-full duplex backhaul mode, a small base station is connected to a core network through a macro base station, the macro base station provides wireless backhaul and is connected to the small base station, all transmission on the macro base station and the small base station is executed on the same time-frequency resources, and the scheme can well solve the problem of the wireless backhaul of a heterogeneous cellular network.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and relates to a heterogeneous cellular network wireless backhaul method based on an orthogonal frequency division multiple access technology.
Background
Driven by the rapid growth of new applications and wireless communications, the market demand for network performance is increasing, requiring that next generation networks should support higher system capacity than current generation networks, and fifth generation (5G) communication systems are becoming a focus of academic interest.
Among the technologies of the 5G network, large-scale Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), Heterogeneous Cellular Network (HCN) and Full Duplex (FD) are considered as 3 key technologies with great potential, where the large-scale MIMO is a large-scale multi-user multiple input multiple output (mu MIMO) transmission mechanism, and a large number of antennas are equipped on a large-scale MIMO base station, so that the degree of freedom of the system is greatly improved, the spatial multiplexing and beamforming gains are enhanced, and more degrees of freedom are provided for a propagation channel; the heterogeneous cellular network is characterized in that the ultra-dense small cell is deployed on the macro cell so as to reduce the load of the macro cell, expand the coverage area, reduce the signal transmission power and increase the area throughput; the full duplex technology can realize the simultaneous signal receiving and transmitting on the same channel (or frequency or time slot), and can greatly improve the system capacity.
The orthogonal frequency division multiple access technology can dynamically allocate the available bandwidth resources to the required users, so that the optimal utilization of system resources is easily realized.
Therefore, effective combination of full duplex technology, massive MIMO technology, heterogeneous cellular network and ofdma can exert their respective advantages and greatly improve system performance, however, with the massive deployment of small cell networks, a large amount of backhaul data needs to be fed back to the core network, and the backhaul problem becomes increasingly important, and although the conventional wired backhaul link has high reliability at a high data rate, it is impractical and costly to make wired connections between all small base stations. Therefore, the wireless backhaul link is a suitable and cost-effective solution, but sometimes the small base station cannot exchange backhaul with the macro base station on the same frequency band, and thus the wireless backhaul becomes one of the problems to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a wireless backhaul method for heterogeneous cellular networks based on orthogonal frequency division multiple access, so as to solve the wireless backhaul problem of heterogeneous cellular networks.
Therefore, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
s1, a double-layer heterogeneous cellular network composed of small cells and macro cells is deployed, the small cells are deployed on the macro cells, share system frequency spectrum and bandwidth with the macro cells, meanwhile, the load of the macro cells is reduced, and the utilization rate of system resources is improved, the small cells are composed of small base stations SBS and user UE, the macro cells are composed of macro base station MBS, user UE and small cells, communication links of the small cells and the macro cells are all intercepted by malicious eavesdroppers Eve, the small cells are connected to an upper core network through the macro base station MBS, the macro base station MBS is connected to the small cells through a wireless return trip, the macro base station MBS and the small base stations SBS work in a full duplex mode, furthermore, the macro base station MBS is provided with a sending antenna and a receiving antenna, and the small base stations SBS and the user UE are provided with single antennas;
s2, modeling the space topology of the double-layer heterogeneous cellular network model by adopting a random geometry and space Poisson point process, wherein the space topologies of the macro base station MBS, the small base station SBS, the user UE and the eavesdropper Eve are respectively modeled into independent Poisson point processes, and the user UE with random position is only cascaded with one small base station SBS;
s3, only considering macro cell downlink and small cell uplink, and simultaneously adopting an in-band full duplex self-return scheme, a frequency hopping orthogonal frequency division multiple access technology and a frequency multiplexing technology, wherein the macro base station MBS adopts zero forcing receiving and zero breaking sending, for an uplink transmission link in a small cell, the small base station SBS sends return data to the corresponding macro base station MBS, and simultaneously receives data sent by the user UE closest to the small cell; for downlink transmission links in a macro cell, a macro base station MBS transmits data to its corresponding user UE while receiving backhaul data from the small base station SBS.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention researches an in-band full-duplex heterogeneous cellular network with a passive eavesdropper and large-scale multiple-input multiple-output support, and enhances the security performance of the network and improves the confidentiality performance of the heterogeneous cellular network by using in-band backhaul transmission as an interference signal;
2) in the heterogeneous network provided by the invention, a large-scale multi-input multi-output technology is used at a macro base station to further enhance the cell throughput, the system coverage probability is increased along with the increase of the number of MBS antennas of the macro base station, and a zero forcing preprocessing scheme is adopted, so that the noise ratio of signals received at any user position on a typical MBS downlink transmission link of the macro base station is greatly improved due to the influence of huge beam forming gain;
3) in the heterogeneous network provided by the invention, the frequency hopping orthogonal frequency division multiple access technology is adopted, all users in a cell are still orthogonal, frequency domain diversity gain can be utilized, coordination is not needed among the cells, used subcarriers can conflict, but a rapid frequency hopping mechanism can disperse the interferences in a time domain and a frequency domain, namely the interferences can be whitened into noises, the harm of the interferences is greatly reduced, and the interferences among the cells are simply and effectively inhibited;
4) in the heterogeneous network provided by the invention, the small-sized base station SBS and the macro base station MBS both use the full duplex technology, and the base station transceivers simultaneously transmit and receive on the same frequency band, so that the rate doubling can be realized;
5) the heterogeneous network provided by the invention uses the access frequency band shared by the macro cell and the small cell users for the return transmission and the access link, so that the spectrum efficiency can be better improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a heterogeneous network model of a wireless backhaul method of a heterogeneous network according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a channel transmission model diagram of a wireless backhaul method of a heterogeneous network according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram of a transmitting end structure of an ofdma system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a model of a bidirectional massive MIMO full duplex relay communication system according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a single-user MIMO transmission channel of the wireless backhaul method of the heterogeneous network according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a comparison of the safety probability of the in-band full-duplex technique used in the present invention and the conventional out-of-band full-duplex technique.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is described in the following by combining the attached drawings and an implementation method.
The invention designs a wireless return method of a heterogeneous network by utilizing in-band full duplex, large-scale MIMO and orthogonal frequency division multiple access technologies, which is used for carrying out detailed analysis on a small cell uplink, return transmission and a macro cell downlink of the heterogeneous wireless cellular network consisting of a macro base station MBS, a small base station SBS, user UE and an eavesdropper Eve.
As shown in fig. 1, a large-scale MIMO dual-layer heterogeneous cellular network based on an in-band full duplex technology (IB-FD) is considered, which is composed of a macro base station MBS, a small base station SBS, user UEs, and some passive malicious eavesdroppers Eve, and dense small cells are deployed on a macro cell, share resources such as a system spectrum and bandwidth with the macro cell, and simultaneously reduce the load of the macro cell and improve the utilization rate of the system resources.
As shown in fig. 2, in the heterogeneous network of the method, for a small cell uplink, any one of the small base station SBS can send backhaul data to its corresponding macro base station MBS, and at the same time receive data sent by a UE closest to the user; for the macro cell downlink, any macro base station MBS sends data to its corresponding user UE, and receives backhaul data from the small base station SBS at the same time.
The small cell is connected to the upper core network through the macro base station MBS, the macro base station MBS is connected to the small cell through a wireless backhaul, the macro base station MBS and the small base station SBS operate in a full duplex mode, and the macro base station is provided with MTxA transmitting antenna and MRxA single receive antenna, and a single antenna is provided for both the small base station and all users.
Suppose that the maximum number of users that a macro base station MBS can serve is NmMaximum number of return strokes NbAnd satisfy min (M)Tx,MRx)＞＞NbAnd min (M)Tx,MRx)＞＞Nm(ii) a The macro cell downlink and small cell uplink transmission links are intercepted by a malicious eavesdropper Eve, the eavesdropper Eve only intercepts and decodes signals and does not tamper the signals, meanwhile, a cellular network model adopts an orthogonal frequency division multiple access technology to better eliminate inter-cell interference, a structure diagram of a transmitting end of the orthogonal frequency division multiple access system is shown in fig. 3, and after serial-to-parallel conversion and modulation are carried out on user data, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is carried out, and then serial-to-parallel conversion and cyclic expansion are carried out.
Full-duplex technology for a base station using massive MIMO technology, which may suffer from self-interference, fig. 4 shows a bidirectional massive MIMO full-duplex relay communication system model including a source node S1Source node S2And a relay node R, wherein all three nodes are provided with multiple antennas and a source node S1The number of transmitting antennas is
The number of the receiving antennas is
Source node S2The number of transmitting antennas is
The number of the receiving antennas is
The number of the transmitting antennas of the relay node R is NTThe number of receiving antennas is NR，HS1R、HS2R、HRS1、HRS2、HS1S1HRR and HS2S2Respectively representing source nodes S1And a relay node R, a source node S2And a relay node R, a relay node R and a source node S1Relay node R and source node S2Source node S1Inner relay node R and source node S2The self-interference cancellation is adopted by full-duplex macro base station MBS and small base station SBS to reduce the self-interference, all wireless channels in the heterogeneous network are independent, and all experience path loss and Rayleigh fading.
The macro base station MBS, the small base station SBS and the user UE simultaneously achieve receiving and sending of information, and the macro base station MBS and the small base station SBS both use the large-scale MIMO technology, as shown in fig. 5, the signal power and link reliability are improved by performing coherent processing on signals at multiple transceiver ports to achieve diversity gain, and using the large-scale MIMO technology, separate links can be created for transmitting independent data streams, providing more degrees of freedom for propagation channels, and achieving multiplexing of macro base station MBS equipped with large-scale MIMO antennas, and employing a zero forcing preprocessing scheme, and due to the influence of the large beamforming gain, the signal to interference plus noise ratio received by any user UE in the downlink of the macro base station MBS is greatly improved.
The spatial topologies of a macro base station MBS, a small base station SBS, a user UE and an eavesdropper Eve are respectively modeled as independent poisson point processes: phiM，ΦS，ΦUEAnd phiEvWith spatial intensity of λ respectivelyM，λS，λUEAnd λUvRespectively using habAnd rabRepresenting small-scale attenuation between any two network nodes a and bThe channel power gain and distance, and the corresponding path loss is
Wherein beta epsilon (alpha)m，αs) In which α ismAnd alphasPath loss indices for macro and small cells, respectively, and furthermore, it is assumed that randomly distributed users are associated with only one small base station.
Only the downlink of the macro cell and the uplink of the small cell are considered, and an in-band full duplex self-return scheme, a frequency hopping orthogonal frequency division multiple access technology and a frequency multiplexing technology are adopted simultaneously, so that users of the macro cell and the small cell share the same bandwidth and spectrum resources.
For the macro cell downlink, where the macro cell user is located at the origin o and the macro base station is located at the point x, then the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) received by an eavesdropper located at the point z is expressed as:
wherein, KmFor the number of users linked with the macro base station, for the convenience of analysis, K is usedmIs approximated by its average value
At the same time, the interference between macro cells is
Indicating interference from the macro base station,
is interference with the backhaul transmission of the small base station,
is interference from the user.
In a passive eavesdropper scenario, each link is exposed to all eavesdroppers Eve, which is considered mostThe malicious eavesdropper, which has the strongest interference-to-noise ratio SINR, therefore the security probability of any macrocell downlink is expressed as:
wherein
Is a safety threshold.
By means of random geometry, can be obtained
The same method can obtain that the uplink safety probability of any small cell is as follows:
then calculating the SINR coverage probability of any macro cell downlink as
The SINR coverage probability of any small cell uplink is:
finally, fig. 6 compares the system security probability In the In-band full duplex (In-band FD) and Out-of-band full duplex (Out-band FD)2 modes, and shows that with the intensity λSThe increase, the system security performance (secrecy) improves, the security probability gap of in-band full duplex and out-of-band full duplex is reduced, the performance under the in-band full duplex mode is superior to the out-of-band full duplex mode, because the in-band full duplex mode fully utilizes the backhaul interference.
Claims (1)
1. A wireless backhaul method of heterogeneous cellular network based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), comprising the steps of:
s1, a double-layer heterogeneous cellular network composed of small cells and macro cells is deployed, the small cells are deployed on the macro cells, share system frequency spectrum and bandwidth with the macro cells, meanwhile, the load of the macro cells is reduced, and the utilization rate of system resources is improved, the small cells are composed of small base stations SBS and user UE, the macro cells are composed of macro base station MBS, user UE and small cells, communication links of the small cells and the macro cells are all intercepted by malicious eavesdroppers Eve, the small cells are connected to an upper core network through the macro base station MBS, the macro base station MBS is connected to the small cells through a wireless return trip, the macro base station MBS and the small base stations SBS work in a full duplex mode, furthermore, the macro base station MBS is provided with a sending antenna and a receiving antenna, and the small base stations SBS and the user UE are provided with single antennas;
s2, modeling the space topology of the double-layer heterogeneous cellular network model by adopting a random geometry and space Poisson point process, wherein the space topologies of the macro base station MBS, the small base station SBS, the user UE and the eavesdropper Eve are respectively modeled into independent Poisson point processes, and the user UE with random position is only cascaded with one small base station SBS;
s3, only considering macro cell downlink and small cell uplink, and simultaneously adopting an in-band full duplex self-return scheme, a frequency hopping orthogonal frequency division multiple access technology and a frequency multiplexing technology, wherein the macro base station MBS adopts zero forcing receiving and zero breaking sending, for an uplink transmission link in the small cell, the small base station SBS sends return data to the corresponding macro base station MBS, and simultaneously receives data sent by the user UE closest to the macro base station MBS, and for a downlink transmission link in the macro cell, the macro base station MBS transmits the data to the corresponding user UE, and simultaneously receives the return data from the small base station SBS.
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| US11356155B1 (en) | 2021-11-11 | 2022-06-07 | King Abdulaziz University | Method of optimizing multi-cell association in downlink multi-user, multiple-input, multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems via statistical beamforming |
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