CN111900396A - Preparation method of carbon-coated silicon monoxide nanorod - Google Patents
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- CN111900396A CN111900396A CN202010647087.7A CN202010647087A CN111900396A CN 111900396 A CN111900396 A CN 111900396A CN 202010647087 A CN202010647087 A CN 202010647087A CN 111900396 A CN111900396 A CN 111900396A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a carbon-coated silica nanorod material, which is characterized in that silane, methanol, ethanol and a carbon source are used as raw materials, and a hydrothermal and high-temperature calcination method is adopted to prepare the carbon-coated silica nanorod material. Specifically, an ammonia water solution and resorcinol are added into a solution consisting of absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water. After the mixture was stirred well at room temperature, CTAB was added and stirring was continued. Then, the aldehyde and the silane were added in this order, and stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. Subsequently, the mixture was transferred to an autoclave at 80 ℃ and left to stand for 24 hours. The solid product was recovered by centrifugation and dried under vacuum at 80 ℃ for 8 hours. And (3) calcining the dried sample at high temperature in a tube furnace under the atmosphere of inert gas to obtain a final product. The invention improves the conductivity of SiO x, thereby effectively improving the cycle performance of the lithium battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electrode material of a lithium ion battery, in particular to a preparation method of a carbon-coated silicon monoxide nanorod.
Technical Field
Portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems have increasingly stringent requirements for high specific energy, high specific power, long life, and low cost secondary batteries. Lithium ion batteries have become a major concern in the field of secondary energy due to their numerous advantages.
The performance of the battery depends mainly on the electrode material. Si-based material as negative electrode material of lithium ion battery, and Li can be formed by Si-based material and lithium22Si5The alloy has high specific capacity (up to 4200 mAhg)-1) Is graphite (372 mAhg) which is commonly used at present-1) As much as ten times as much material. And which has a low potential for lithium deintercalation (about 0.1-0.3V vs Li/Li)+) The reaction activity with the electrolyte is low, the cost is low, and a long discharge platform can be provided. However, since the Si material undergoes a large volume expansion (about 400%) during charging, it causes separation between electrode materials and between the electrode material and a current collector, and electrical contact is lost, thereby causing rapid capacity fade and rapid cycle performance deterioration. Due to their high specific capacity and good cycling performance, silicon-based sub-oxides have recently received extensive attention and research. Li is generated when lithium ions react with SiO x for the first time2O and Li4SiO4It can be used as a buffer component to inhibit the volume expansion of Si in the circulation process to a certain extent, thereby improving the circulation performance.
The carbon coating layer is thin and uniform, inhibits volume expansion of the silicon oxide material in charging and discharging, and avoids direct contact of the silicon oxide material and electrolyte, so that the first coulombic efficiency and the circulation stability of the silicon oxide material are improved, and the carbon coating layer is an excellent choice for a negative electrode material of a lithium ion battery.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of carbon-coated silica nanorods, so as to improve the problem of volume expansion of silicon-based materials and improve the conductivity of the materials.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following scheme: a preparation method of a carbon-coated silica nanorod is characterized in that silane, methanol, ethanol and a carbon source are used as raw materials, and a hydrothermal and high-temperature calcination method is adopted to prepare a carbon-coated silica nanorod material, which specifically comprises the following steps:
adding an ammonia water solution and resorcinol into a solution composed of absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, stirring the mixture uniformly at room temperature, adding CTAB, stirring continuously, then sequentially adding aldehydes and silane, stirring at room temperature, reacting for 24 hours, subsequently transferring the mixture into a high-pressure kettle, standing for 12 hours, centrifugally recovering a solid product, drying in vacuum at 80 ℃ for 8 hours, and calcining the dried sample in a tubular furnace under the atmosphere of inert gas to obtain a final product.
The mass ratio of ammonia water, resorcinol and CTAB is 1:1:1, and the volume ratio of ethanol to water is 1: 6, the volume ratio of ethanol, aldehydes and silane is 10: 1: 3.
the silane can be one or more of aminopropyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane and ethylenediamine propyltriethoxysilane.
The aldehydes are one or more of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde.
The inert gas may be nitrogen or argon.
The calcination temperature is 800-1000 ℃, and the calcination time is 3-5 h.
The preparation method provided by the invention combines a simple hydrothermal method with heat treatment to obtain the SiOx @ C nanorod material with smaller SiOxSize and first reaction of lithium ions with SiOx can lead to Li2O and Li4SiO4Can be used as a buffer component to further effectively inhibit the volume effect. The formed surface C coating layer can further inhibit volume change in the circulation process and improve the conductivity of SiOx, thereby effectively improving the circulation performance of the lithium battery.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the first effect performance of the carbon-coated silica nanorod material obtained in example 1;
fig. 2 is a graph of half-cell cycle performance of the carbon-coated silica nanorod material obtained in example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated, but not limited, by the following specific examples, which are given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
A carbon-coated silicon monoxide nanorod is prepared by a hydrothermal and high-temperature calcination method and comprises the following steps:
adding 0.3 mL of ammonia water solution and 0.3g of resorcinol into a solution consisting of 6mL of absolute ethyl alcohol and 36 mL of deionized water, stirring at room temperature for 30min uniformly, adding 0.3g of CTAB, and continuing stirring for 30 min; then, the user can use the device to perform the operation,
sequentially adding 0.6mL of formaldehyde and 1.8mL of vinyl triethoxysilane, and stirring at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain a mixture solution; subsequently, the process of the present invention,
transferring the mixture solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle, standing for 12 hours at 80 ℃, centrifugally recovering a solid product, and performing vacuum drying for 8 hours at 80 ℃ to obtain a dried sample;
and (3) heating the dried sample to 900 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min in the argon atmosphere in the tubular furnace, and calcining for 5h to obtain the final product, namely the carbon-coated silicon monoxide nanorod.
The first effect performance diagram of the carbon-coated silica nanorod material obtained in the embodiment is shown in fig. 1; and the half-cell cycle performance of the resulting carbon-coated silica nanorod material, see figure 2.
The invention passes through simple waterThe SiOx @ C nano rod material is obtained by combining a thermal method with thermal treatment, the smaller size of the SiOx and Li generated when lithium ions react with the SiOx for the first time2O and Li4SiO4Can be used as a buffer component to further effectively inhibit the volume effect. The formed surface C coating layer can further inhibit volume change in the circulation process, improve the conductivity of SiOx and effectively improve the circulation performance of the lithium battery.
Example 2
A carbon-coated silica nanorod, similar to the example, is prepared by the following steps:
adding 0.3 mL of ammonia water solution and 0.3g of resorcinol into a solution consisting of 6mL of absolute ethyl alcohol and 36 mL of deionized water, stirring at room temperature for 30min, adding 0.3g of CTAB, and continuing stirring for 30 min; then, the user can use the device to perform the operation,
adding 0.6mL of acetaldehyde and 1.8mL of vinyltriethoxysilane in sequence, and stirring at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain a mixture solution; subsequently, the process of the present invention,
transferring the mixture solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting for 12 hours at 80 ℃, centrifugally recovering a solid product, and keeping for 8 hours in vacuum at 80 ℃ to obtain a dry sample;
and calcining the dried sample in a tube furnace at the temperature rise rate of 5 ℃/min for 5 hours at the temperature of 900 ℃ in the argon atmosphere to obtain the final product, namely the carbon-coated silicon monoxide nanorod.
Example 3
A carbon-coated silica nanorod, similar to the example, is prepared by the following steps:
adding 0.3 mL of ammonia water solution and 0.3g of resorcinol into a solution consisting of 6mL of absolute ethyl alcohol and 36 mL of deionized water, stirring at room temperature for 30min, adding 0.3g of CTAB, and continuing stirring for 30 min; then, the user can use the device to perform the operation,
adding 0.6mL of acetaldehyde and 1.8mL of aminopropyltriethoxysilane in sequence, and stirring at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain a mixture solution; subsequently, the process of the present invention,
transferring the solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle, centrifuging at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to recover a solid product, and keeping the solid product in vacuum at 80 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain a dry sample;
and calcining the dried sample in a tubular furnace at the temperature rise rate of 5 ℃/min for 5 hours at the temperature of 1000 ℃ in the nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the final product, namely the carbon-coated silicon monoxide nanorod.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of carbon-coated silicon monoxide nanorods is characterized by adopting a hydrothermal and high-temperature calcination method, and comprises the following steps:
adding an ammonia water solution and resorcinol into a solution composed of absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, stirring uniformly at room temperature, adding cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and continuing stirring, wherein the mass ratio of ammonia water to resorcinol to CTAB is 1:1:1, and the volume ratio of ethanol to water is 1: 6; then, the user can use the device to perform the operation,
sequentially adding aldehydes and silane, wherein the volume ratio of ethanol to aldehydes to silane is 10: 1: 3, stirring and reacting for 24 hours at room temperature to obtain a mixture solution; subsequently, the process of the present invention,
transferring the mixture solution into a high-pressure kettle, standing for 12 hours at 80 ℃, centrifugally recovering a solid product, and performing vacuum drying for 8 hours at 80 ℃ to obtain a dried sample;
calcining the dried sample for 3-5h at 800-1000 ℃ in the atmosphere of inert gas in a tubular furnace to obtain the final product, namely the carbon-coated silica nanorod.
2. The method of preparing the carbon-coated silica nanorod of claim 1, wherein: the silane can be one or more of aminopropyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane and ethylenediamine propyltriethoxysilane.
3. The method of preparing the carbon-coated silica nanorod of claim 1, wherein: the aldehyde is one of formaldehyde or acetaldehyde or a composition thereof.
4. The method of preparing carbon-coated silica nanorods according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
adding 0.3 mL of ammonia water solution and 0.3g of resorcinol into a solution consisting of 6mL of absolute ethyl alcohol and 36 mL of deionized water, stirring at room temperature for 30min uniformly, adding 0.3g of CTAB, and continuing stirring for 30 min; then, the user can use the device to perform the operation,
sequentially adding 0.6mL of formaldehyde and 1.8mL of vinyl triethoxysilane, and stirring at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain a mixture solution; subsequently, the process of the present invention,
transferring the mixture solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle, standing for 12 hours at 80 ℃, centrifugally recovering a solid product, and performing vacuum drying for 8 hours at 80 ℃ to obtain a dried sample;
and (3) heating the dried sample to 900 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min in the argon atmosphere in the tubular furnace, and calcining for 5h to obtain the final product, namely the carbon-coated silicon monoxide nanorod.
5. The method of preparing carbon-coated silica nanorods according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
adding 0.3 mL of ammonia water solution and 0.3g of resorcinol into a solution consisting of 6mL of absolute ethyl alcohol and 36 mL of deionized water, stirring at room temperature for 30min, adding 0.3g of CTAB, and continuing stirring for 30 min; then, the user can use the device to perform the operation,
adding 0.6mL of acetaldehyde and 1.8mL of vinyltriethoxysilane in sequence, and stirring at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain a mixture solution; subsequently, the process of the present invention,
transferring the mixture solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting for 12 hours at 80 ℃, centrifugally recovering a solid product, and keeping for 8 hours in vacuum at 80 ℃ to obtain a dry sample;
and calcining the dried sample in a tube furnace at the temperature rise rate of 5 ℃/min for 5 hours at the temperature of 900 ℃ in the argon atmosphere to obtain the final product, namely the carbon-coated silicon monoxide nanorod.
6. The method of preparing carbon-coated silica nanorods according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
adding 0.3 mL of ammonia water solution and 0.3g of resorcinol into a solution consisting of 6mL of absolute ethyl alcohol and 36 mL of deionized water, stirring at room temperature for 30min, adding 0.3g of CTAB, and continuing stirring for 30 min; then, the user can use the device to perform the operation,
adding 0.6mL of acetaldehyde and 1.8mL of aminopropyltriethoxysilane in sequence, and stirring at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain a mixture solution; subsequently, the process of the present invention,
transferring the solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle, centrifuging at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to recover a solid product, and keeping the solid product in vacuum at 80 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain a dry sample;
and calcining the dried sample in a tubular furnace at the temperature rise rate of 5 ℃/min for 5 hours at the temperature of 1000 ℃ in the nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the final product, namely the carbon-coated silicon monoxide nanorod.
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Citations (4)
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KR20140045820A (en) * | 2012-10-09 | 2014-04-17 | 고려대학교 산학협력단 | Mesoporous carbon structures and preparation method thereof |
CN103872327A (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2014-06-18 | 西华师范大学 | Preparation method of negative composite material for lithium battery, negative electrode and lithium ion battery |
CN109378461A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-02-22 | 桑顿新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of New Type of Mesoporous structure silicon-carbon cathode material |
CN110048101A (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2019-07-23 | 江苏科技大学 | A kind of silicon oxygen carbosphere composite negative pole material and the preparation method and application thereof |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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KR20140045820A (en) * | 2012-10-09 | 2014-04-17 | 고려대학교 산학협력단 | Mesoporous carbon structures and preparation method thereof |
CN103872327A (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2014-06-18 | 西华师范大学 | Preparation method of negative composite material for lithium battery, negative electrode and lithium ion battery |
CN109378461A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-02-22 | 桑顿新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of New Type of Mesoporous structure silicon-carbon cathode material |
CN110048101A (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2019-07-23 | 江苏科技大学 | A kind of silicon oxygen carbosphere composite negative pole material and the preparation method and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20201106 |