CN111899614A

CN111899614A - Nuclear magnetic combination model for demonstration and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111899614A
Application number: CN202010893182.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 龚兴荣
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-08-31
Filing date: 2020-08-31
Publication date: 2020-11-06

Abstract

The invention provides a nuclear magnetic combination model for demonstration, which comprises a regular tetrahedron model and positive electron balls positioned in a regular tetrahedron, wherein the regular tetrahedron model is formed by combining six identical cylindrical magnetic rods, and four magnetic balls are arranged at four vertexes of the regular tetrahedron model; the regular electron ball is provided with four support shafts, the other ends of the support shafts are respectively fixed at four vertex clamping grooves of the regular tetrahedron model, the regular electron ball is also provided with an insertion hole, the closed end of the insertion hole points to one vertex of the regular tetrahedron, and the open end points to the center of a triangular surface corresponding to the vertex; and a connecting shaft is inserted in the jack, and the other end of the connecting shaft is connected with a negative electron ball. The invention can reasonably deduce most of the phenomenon of the nuclear decay reaction to a certain extent so as to improve the understanding and memory of people on the nuclear decay reaction and decay law.

Description

Nuclear magnetic combination model for demonstration and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of physics teaching aids, in particular to a nuclear magnetic combination model for demonstration and application thereof.

Background

In modern nuclear physics, the nuclear structure of different elements is still simply represented by a spherical shape, and particularly when protons and neutrons are discussed, since the protons and neutrons are composed of quarks and colloids, and basic particles such as quarks, colloids and neutrino are still under study, and there are many uncertainties, it is difficult to explain to people who are not in physical profession, and when the decay reaction and decay law of the nuclear are discussed, the nuclear structure is still mainly based on experimental statistical data law. So far, no good proton and neutron model can build a nucleus, which well helps people to understand and memorize various decay reactions and decay laws of the nucleus.

Based on the above knowledge, the inventors thought that it was necessary to construct a proton and neutron model that can be freely combined and have a certain adhesion to each other.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to achieve the purpose, the inventor constructs a magnetic proton, neutron and hydrogen atom three-in-one combined model, and simultaneously provides an application method of the model in teaching demonstration, so that most of nuclear decay reactions can be reasonably deduced to a certain extent, and understanding and memory of the nuclear decay reactions and decay rules of people are improved.

The invention is realized by the following scheme:

the invention provides a nuclear magnetic combined model for demonstration, which comprises a regular tetrahedron model and positive electron spheres positioned in a regular tetrahedron, wherein the regular tetrahedron model is formed by combining six identical cylindrical magnetic rods, and four magnetic spheres are arranged at four vertexes of the regular tetrahedron model; the regular electron ball is provided with four support shafts, the other ends of the support shafts are respectively fixed at four vertex clamping grooves of the regular tetrahedron model, the regular electron ball is also provided with an insertion hole, the closed end of the insertion hole points to one vertex of the regular tetrahedron, and the open end points to the center of a triangular surface corresponding to the vertex; and a connecting shaft is inserted in the jack, and the other end of the connecting shaft is connected with a negative electron ball.

Based on the physics that free neutrons can decay into protons and negative electrons, and the protons can decay into a positron and become neutrons, the protons and the neutrons can be considered to have a general basic framework structure, and because all objects can form a visual sense organ similar to a sphere in the high-speed three-dimensional autorotation process, the basic framework structure is not required to be limited to the sphere, and the basic framework structure is constructed into a regular tetrahedron structure in the invention. The negative electron inside the neutron is represented by a negative electron sphere with a short axis, and the negative electron outside the hydrogen nucleus is represented by a negative electron sphere with a long axis.

The invention avoids the difficult concepts of quark, glue and neutrino and the like in modern physics, and only starts with four basic concepts of proton, neutron, positron and electronegation to construct a magnetic proton, neutron and hydrogen atom three-in-one combination model.

In another aspect of the invention, the application of the nuclear magnetic combination model for demonstration in teaching demonstration is provided.

The invention has the advantages that the conversion relation among protons, neutrons and hydrogen atoms can be demonstrated by utilizing the like-pole repulsion and opposite-pole attraction properties of magnetic force through simple plugging and unplugging actions, various complex atomic nucleus models can be combined by utilizing a plurality of the proton and neutron models in the invention, different combination structures and corresponding characteristics of complex atomic nuclei are demonstrated to people, the nuclear decay reaction process and the decay law are reasonably demonstrated to a certain extent, and the understanding and memory of people on the nuclear decay reaction are improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a proton model in an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a neutron model in an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen atom model in an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of example 1 in which the present invention is used.

Fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of use example 2 and use example 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example of use 4 of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example 5 of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a flowchart illustrating use example 6 of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a flowchart illustrating use example 7 of the present invention.

The reference numbers are as follows:

1. a magnetic bar; 2. a positive electron ball; 3. a support shaft; 4. a magnetic ball; 5. a jack; 6. a long axis; 7. a minor axis; 8. a negative electron ball.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments or use examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments or uses described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

As shown in fig. 1, a nuclear magnetic combination model for demonstration comprises a regular tetrahedron model and positron spheres 2 positioned in the regular tetrahedron, wherein the regular tetrahedron model is formed by combining six identical cylindrical magnetic rods 1, and four magnetic spheres 4 are arranged at four vertexes of the regular tetrahedron model; the regular electron ball 2 is provided with four support shafts 3, the other ends of the support shafts 3 are respectively fixed at four vertex clamping grooves of a regular tetrahedron model, the regular electron ball 2 is also provided with an insertion hole 5, the closed end of the insertion hole 5 points to the north pole magnetic vertex of the regular tetrahedron, the open end points to the center of a triangular surface corresponding to the north pole magnetic vertex, and three triangular magnetic force rods form a magnetic force closed loop; a connecting shaft (a long shaft 6 or a short shaft 7) is inserted in the jack 5, and the other end of the connecting shaft is connected with a negative electronic ball 8.

In order to enable basic frame structures of regular tetrahedrons to attract each other, six edges of the regular tetrahedrons are constructed by adopting six cylindrical magnetic rods 1; in order to form a regular triangular pyramid shape by three magnetic rods 1 constituting four vertices of a regular tetrahedron, one magnetic ball 4 is connected to each of the four vertices.

In order to facilitate people to judge the magnetism of four vertexes more intuitively, half of the six magnetic rods 1 are sprayed with red to indicate the north pole magnetism, the other half of the six magnetic rods 1 are sprayed with blue to indicate the south pole magnetism, two magnetic balls 4 fixed at the top ends of the two red-blue magnetic rods 1 are sprayed with red, and two magnetic balls 4 fixed at the top ends of the one red-blue magnetic rods 1 are sprayed with blue.

A red plastic ball is used for representing protons and positrons in a neutron structure, in order to enable a positron ball 2 to be fixed at the center of a basic frame structure of a regular tetrahedron, four support shafts 3 are extended from the positron ball 2, and each support shaft 3 is just clamped at a clamping groove of a regular triangular pyramid formed by three magnetic rods 1 of the regular tetrahedron to construct a proton model, as shown in figure 1.

A jack 5 is arranged on a positive electronic ball 2 fixed in a regular tetrahedron frame structure, the closed end of the jack 5 points to the top point of a red plastic ball, and the open end of the jack 5 points to the center of a magnetic closed triangular surface formed by combining three magnetic rods 1. The other end of the jack 5 is connected with the negative electron small ball, the negative electron small ball is coated with blue, and the negative electron small ball is connected in the following two modes:

a blue plastic ball is used for representing a negative electron in a neutron, a short shaft 7 extends from the negative electron ball 8 and can be just inserted into the jack 5 of the positive electron ball 2, and the negative electron ball 8 is just slightly clamped on the triangular surface in the visual sense, so that a neutron model is constructed, as shown in figure 2.

A blue plastic sphere is used for representing a negative electron outside a proton, a long shaft 6 extends from a negative electron sphere 8, the negative electron sphere is inserted into the jack 5 of the positive electron sphere 2, and the negative electron sphere 8 is far away from the regular tetrahedron framework structure in visual sense, so that a hydrogen atom model is constructed, as shown in figure 3.

In order to make the fixed structure more stable, the junction of the regular tetrahedron structure and the positron sphere 2 can be fixed by an adhesive, and a small amount of regular tetrahedron structure without the positron sphere 2 is prepared to show the phenomenon that the proton decays into a neutron after releasing the positron, so that people can play and study for a long time. In the process of constructing the general framework structure of proton neutron hydrogen atoms, the inventor finds that the normal tetrahedral framework structure consisting of six magnetic rods 1 which can stably exist in a natural state has two isomorphous isomers, the two isomorphous isomers are mirror symmetry with each other, but the magnetism is completely opposite, the two isomorphous normal tetrahedral framework structures can be completely combined in a surface-to-surface mode without repulsion, and on the contrary, the two isomorphous normal tetrahedral framework structures can not be completely combined in a surface-to-surface mode with each other and always have a certain repulsion force. The inventor respectively names the two isomers as A-type hole neutrons and B-type hole neutrons to show the similarity of the structure and the neutrons and also shows that the difference between the structure and the neutrons lies in the presence or absence of positive and negative electron pairs. Accordingly, the protons are divided into a type a proton and a type B proton, the neutrons are divided into a type a neutron and a type B neutron, and the hydrogen atoms are divided into a type a hydrogen (protium) atom and a type B hydrogen (protium) atom.

The model is mainly applied to demonstration in teaching, and specifically provides the following use cases:

use example 1

And taking out the positron ball 2 in the proton model in the figure 1, and splitting the proton model into a magnetic regular tetrahedron structure model and a positron plastic model, as shown in figure 4.

This use case demonstrates the possible decay reactions of protons:

p→n+e++v

wherein p represents a proton, n represents a neutron, e + represents a positron, and v represents a positive electron neutron. Since the generation of corresponding neutrino is always accompanied in the course of the beta-and beta + nuclear decay reactions, the electron and neutrino can be considered approximately as one body, so that both can be indicated by a positron model without seriously affecting the correctness of the demonstration result, and thus, the above proton decay reaction can be simplified as the following equation:

p→n+e+

in the model demonstration of the present use case, the magnetic regular tetrahedron model without the positive and negative electron ball model is approximately regarded as being equivalent to a neutron with the positive and negative electron ball model.

Use example 2

And (3) taking out the negative electron ball 8 with the short shaft 7 on the neutron combination model in the FIG. 2, and splitting the neutron combination model into a proton model and a short shaft negative electron model, as shown in FIG. 5.

This use case demonstrates the decay reaction of free neutrons:

n→p+e-

use example 3

The negative electron ball 8 of a short shaft 7 is inserted into the insertion hole 5 of the proton combination model in fig. 1, and the center of the negative electron ball 8 is coincided with the center of the corresponding triangular surface in the regular tetrahedron, so as to combine into the neutron model in fig. 2, and the reverse action of fig. 5 is realized.

This use case demonstrates the reverse reaction of the neutron decay reaction that occurs inside the star:

p+e-→n

use example 4

A negative electron ball 8 with a long axis 6 is inserted into the insertion hole 5 of the proton combination model in FIG. 1 to combine into a protium atomic model, as shown in FIG. 6.

The present use case demonstrates the reaction of protons capturing one free electron into protium atoms:

p + e- → H1 (wherein H1 represents protium atom)

Use example 5

Taking a protium atom model A and a protium atom model B, taking out the electronegative sphere 8 with a long shaft 6 of the protium atom model B, replacing the electronegative sphere 8 with a short shaft 7 to form a neutron model B, and combining the two models together to ensure that the electronegative sphere 8 in the neutron model B is fixed in the joint surfaces of two regular tetrahedrons to form a deuterium atom model, as shown in FIG. 7.

The use case demonstrates the nuclear fusion reaction that two hydrogen atoms are fused into one deuterium atom inside a fixed star:

2H1 → 1H2 (wherein H1 represents protium atom, H2 represents deuterium atom)

Use example 6

A deuterium atom model and an A-type neutron model are taken, the A-type neutron model is combined on the deuterium atom model, and a negative electron ball 8 on the neutron is fixed in two regular tetrahedron combination surfaces to form the tritium atom model, and the tritium atom model is shown in a figure 8.

The use case demonstrates the nuclear fusion reaction that occurs when a high-energy neutron bombards a deuterium nucleus:

2H2+ n → 1H3 (wherein H3 represents tritium atom)

Use example 7

Taking the tritium atom model in fig. 8, switching one of the junction surfaces to another junction surface, and switching the negative electron sphere 8 with the short axis 7 combined on the switched surface to the negative electron sphere 8 with the long axis 6 to form the helium 3 atom model, as shown in fig. 9.

This use case demonstrates the decay reaction of a tritium atom spontaneously decaying to a helium 3 atom:

h3 → He3 (wherein He3 represents a helium 3 atom)

The invention has been described in terms of a few embodiments or applications, and is not limited to the embodiments or applications, but rather, is intended to cover such modifications, equivalents, and improvements as may come within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A nuclear magnetic combined model for demonstration is characterized by comprising a regular tetrahedron model and positive electron balls positioned in a regular tetrahedron, wherein the regular tetrahedron model is formed by combining six identical cylindrical magnetic rods, and four magnetic balls are arranged at four vertexes of the regular tetrahedron model; the positive electronic ball is provided with four supporting shafts, the other ends of the supporting shafts are respectively fixed at four vertex clamping grooves of the positive tetrahedral model, the positive electronic ball is also provided with an insertion hole, and the opening end of the insertion hole points to the center of a magnetic closed triangular surface formed by combining three magnetic rods; and a connecting shaft is inserted in the jack, and the other end of the connecting shaft is connected with a negative electron ball.

2. A model of nuclear magnetic assembly for demonstration purposes according to claim 1, characterised in that said connecting axis comprises alternative long or short axes.

3. The nuclear magnetic combination model for demonstration purpose of claim 1, wherein the two outer ends of the magnetic bar are respectively painted with different colors to represent north magnetic field and south magnetic field; the colors of the magnetic ball sprayed and corresponding to the magnetic rods respectively represent the north pole magnetism and the south pole magnetism of the top point of the regular tetrahedron.

4. A model of nuclear magnetic assembly for demonstration according to claim 3, wherein the closed end of the socket points towards a magnetic ball representing north polarity.

5. A combined nuclear and magnetic model for demonstration purposes according to claim 1, being used to form a neutron model in which a negative electron sphere and a positive electron sphere are connected by a short axis, wherein the negative electron sphere is located at the center of a magnetic closed triangular surface formed by combining three magnetic rods.

6. A nuclear magnetic composite model for demonstration purposes according to claim 1, characterised in that it is used to form a hydrogen atom model in which negative electron spheres and positive electron spheres are connected by a long axis.

7. A nuclear magnetic composite model for demonstration according to claim 1, wherein the positive electron ball and the negative electron ball are plastic balls.

8. A nuclear magnetic combinatorial model for demonstration purposes according to claim 7 wherein said positive electron ball spray represents the color of the north magnetic pole and said negative electron ball spray represents the color of the south magnetic pole.

9. Use of a model of nuclear magnetic assembly for demonstration according to any one of claims 1 to 8.