CN111897044A - Liquid crystal filled single-polarization output double-core photonic crystal fiber wavelength beam splitter - Google Patents
Liquid crystal filled single-polarization output double-core photonic crystal fiber wavelength beam splitter Download PDFInfo
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- CN111897044A CN111897044A CN202010831726.5A CN202010831726A CN111897044A CN 111897044 A CN111897044 A CN 111897044A CN 202010831726 A CN202010831726 A CN 202010831726A CN 111897044 A CN111897044 A CN 111897044A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02042—Multicore optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02052—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising optical elements other than gratings, e.g. filters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02319—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by core or core-cladding interface features
- G02B6/02338—Structured core, e.g. core contains more than one material, non-constant refractive index distribution in core, asymmetric or non-circular elements in core unit, multiple cores, insertions between core and clad
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- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a liquid crystal filled single-polarization output double-core photonic crystal fiber wavelength beam splitter, which comprises: a core region and a cladding region filled with a pure quartz glass base material; the fiber core area comprises a central air hole, two first air holes, two second air holes, two third air holes and eight fourth air holes; the cladding region is positioned on the outer layer of the core region, the cladding region comprises a plurality of uniformly arranged fifth air holes, the diameters of the fifth air holes are d6, the hole intervals are a0, and the fifth air holes are arranged in a regular hexagonal structure. The beam splitter introduces liquid crystal materials, is shorter than all-air hole type photonic crystal fibers, has better light transmission effect, and has simple structure, convenient manufacture and lower cost compared with the beam splitter based on SPR effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of optical fiber communication, in particular to a liquid crystal filled single-polarization output dual-core photonic crystal fiber wavelength beam splitter.
Background
Optical fibers are the most important part of optical communication systems as optical signal transmission media. For current communication systems, Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology plays an important role in optical communication systems. In WDM systems, wavelength splitters play an important role.
The wavelength beam splitter with single polarization output not only supports the optical transmission in a certain polarization direction to avoid the mode-to-mode crosstalk, but also can separate the light with two typical communication wavelengths of 1310nm and 1550nm, so that the wavelength beam splitter is more suitable for the current WDM system. At present, people mainly adopt the following schemes when designing the beam splitter:
(1) based on the all-air hole type photonic crystal fiber. The single polarization output wavelength beam splitter designed by the scheme is usually formed by constructing a structural birefringent structure in a core region and a cladding region of a traditional photonic crystal fiber on the basis of the traditional photonic crystal fiber, and the light guide mechanism of the single polarization output wavelength beam splitter is also the same as that of the traditional photonic crystal fiber. Moreover, the fiber core of the beam splitter is formed by air hole deletion like the traditional photonic crystal fiber, and the fiber core is not regular circular because the core region is used for constructing a birefringent structure. However, due to the low birefringence of such beam splitters, a long fiber length is often required to separate the light with two typical communication wavelengths of 1310nm and 1550nm, which cannot meet the requirement of device miniaturization.
(2) Based on the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) effect. The fundamental principle is that metal wires or metal layers are filled near a fiber core, and a certain polarization mode of an optical fiber core mold generates a resonance effect at two wavelengths of 1310nm and 1550nm respectively and a plasma polarization mode on the surface of metal by utilizing an SPR effect, so that a certain polarization mode of the core mold is lost. Most of metals adopted in the beam splitter are gold, and the photonic crystal fiber polarization beam splitter is expensive in material and difficult in manufacturing process.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a dual-core photonic crystal fiber wavelength splitter for filling liquid crystal in WDM system with single polarization output to separate the light with two wavelengths of 1310nm and 1550nm, and is implemented by the following technical solutions:
a liquid crystal filled single polarization output dual core photonic crystal fiber wavelength splitter, comprising: a core region and a cladding region filled with a pure quartz glass base material;
the fiber core area comprises a central air hole, two first air holes, two second air holes, two third air holes and eight fourth air holes; wherein the central air hole is located in the center of the core region, and the diameter of the central air hole is d 1; the two first air holes are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the central air hole in the horizontal direction, the horizontal distance from the two first air holes to the central air hole is a1, nematic liquid crystals are filled in the two first air holes, the first air holes filled with the nematic liquid crystals are used as fiber cores of optical fibers, and the diameters of the two first air holes are d 2; the two second air holes are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the central air hole in the horizontal direction, the horizontal distance from the two second air holes to the central air hole is a2, and the diameters of the two second air holes are d 3; the two third air holes are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the central air hole in the horizontal direction, the horizontal distance from the central air hole is a3, and the diameters of the two third air holes are d 4; the four fourth air holes are arranged on the upper side of the central air hole in the vertical direction, the other four fourth air holes are arranged on the lower side of the central air hole in the vertical direction, the four fourth air holes positioned on the upper side and the lower side of the central air hole are horizontally arranged, the vertical distance from the four fourth air holes to the central air hole is a4, the diameters of the eight fourth air holes are d5, and the horizontal distance between every two adjacent fourth air holes in the transverse direction is a 0;
the cladding region is positioned on the outer layer of the core region, the cladding region comprises a plurality of uniformly arranged fifth air holes, the diameters of the fifth air holes are d6, the hole intervals are a0, and the fifth air holes are arranged in a regular hexagonal structure.
Optionally, the diameter d1 of the central air hole ranges from 0.95um to 1.05 um.
Optionally, the horizontal distance a1 between the first air hole and the central air hole ranges from 1.795 to 1.805 um.
Optionally, the diameter d2 of the first air hole ranges from 0.595um to 0.605 um.
Optionally, a horizontal distance a2 between the second air hole and the central air hole ranges from 4.49um to 4.51 um.
Optionally, the diameter d3 of the second air hole ranges from 0.795um to 0.805 um.
Optionally, a horizontal distance a3 between the third air hole and the central air hole ranges from 7.195um to 7.205 um; the diameter d4 of the third air hole ranges from 0.795um to 0.805 um.
Optionally, the diameter d5 of the fourth air hole ranges from 3.349um to 3.351 um.
Optionally, a vertical distance a4 between the fourth air hole and the central air hole ranges from 3.116um to 3.118 um.
Optionally, the value range of the a0 is 3.598-3.602 um; the diameter d6 of the fifth air hole ranges from 0.998um to 1.002 um.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
(1) the beam splitter introduces liquid crystal materials, is shorter than all-air hole type photonic crystal fibers, has better light transmission effect, and has simple structure, convenient manufacture and lower cost compared with the beam splitter based on SPR effect.
(2) The communication wave band of the beam splitter is wider, and single polarization output can be realized in the whole O + E + S + C + L + U communication wave band.
(3) Due to the filling of the core with nematic liquid crystal material, the length of the fiber is only 2.38mm and the crosstalk noise is only-68.18 dB when the liquid crystal rotation angle is 90 °.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal filled single polarization output dual core photonic crystal fiber wavelength beam splitter of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the variation of the mode refractive index with wavelength of the liquid crystal filled single polarization output dual-core photonic crystal fiber wavelength beam splitter of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a normalized energy of the inventive liquid crystal filled single polarization output dual-core photonic crystal fiber wavelength beam splitter as a function of the beam splitter length.
In the drawing, 1 is a central air hole, 2 is a liquid crystal filled air hole, 3 is two air holes of a2 horizontally distant from the central air hole, 4 is two air holes of a3 horizontally distant from the central air hole, 5 is eight large air holes of a4 vertically distant from the central air hole, 6 is a cladding region air hole, and 7 is a pure silica glass substrate.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a liquid crystal filled single polarization output dual-core photonic crystal fiber wavelength beam splitter includes: a core region and a cladding region filled with a pure quartz glass base material 7;
the fiber core area comprises a central air hole 1, two first air holes 2, two second air holes 3, two third air holes 4 and eight fourth air holes 5; wherein the central air hole is located in the center of the core region, and the diameter of the central air hole is d 1; the two first air holes are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the central air hole in the horizontal direction, the horizontal distance from the two first air holes to the central air hole is a1, nematic liquid crystals are filled in the two first air holes, the first air holes filled with the nematic liquid crystals are used as fiber cores of optical fibers, and the diameters of the two first air holes are d 2; the two second air holes are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the central air hole in the horizontal direction, the horizontal distance from the two second air holes to the central air hole is a2, and the diameters of the two second air holes are d 3; the two third air holes are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the central air hole in the horizontal direction, the horizontal distance from the central air hole is a3, and the diameters of the two third air holes are d 4; the four fourth air holes are arranged on the upper side of the central air hole in the vertical direction, the other four fourth air holes are arranged on the lower side of the central air hole in the vertical direction, the four fourth air holes positioned on the upper side and the lower side of the central air hole are horizontally arranged, the vertical distance from the four fourth air holes to the central air hole is a4, the diameters of the eight fourth air holes are d5, and the horizontal distance between every two adjacent fourth air holes in the transverse direction is a 0; the diameter of the fourth air hole is larger than that of the first air hole, the second air hole and the third air hole.
The cladding region is positioned on the outer layer of the core region, the cladding region comprises a plurality of uniformly arranged fifth air holes 6, the diameters of the fifth air holes are d6, the hole intervals are a0, and the fifth air holes are arranged in a regular hexagonal structure. The cladding is the photonic crystal fiber of regular hexagon arrangement, and its structure is more stable for other arrangement methods, and is drawable more easily.
Optionally, the diameter d1 of the central air hole ranges from 0.95um to 1.05 um. The difference in diameter of the central air hole, d1, and the diameter of the first air hole constitutes a birefringent effect.
Optionally, the horizontal distance a1 between the first air hole and the central air hole ranges from 1.795 to 1.805 um. The difference in the step distance between the first air hole and its surrounding air holes constitutes a birefringence effect.
Optionally, the diameter d2 of the first air hole ranges from 0.595um to 0.605 um. The difference in diameter of the first air holes and the air holes around them constitutes a birefringent effect.
Optionally, a horizontal distance a2 between the second air hole and the central air hole ranges from 4.49um to 4.51 um. Optionally, the diameter d3 of the second air hole ranges from 0.795um to 0.805 um.
Optionally, a horizontal distance a3 between the third air hole and the central air hole ranges from 7.195um to 7.205 um; the diameter d4 of the third air hole ranges from 0.795um to 0.805 um.
Optionally, the diameter d5 of the fourth air hole ranges from 3.349um to 3.351 um. Optionally, a vertical distance a4 between the fourth air hole and the central air hole ranges from 3.116um to 3.118 um.
Optionally, the value range of the a0 is 3.598-3.602 um; the diameter d6 of the fifth air hole ranges from 0.998um to 1.002 um.
The diameter difference and the distance difference of the air holes in the structure enable the core area structure to have a good double refraction effect, so that optical signal transmission is facilitated, noise is reduced, and transmission efficiency is improved.
As shown in fig. 1, 1 is a central air hole; 2 is 2 fiber cores of the optical fiber, and 3 is 2 air holes away from the positions a2 on two sides of the central air hole in the horizontal direction; 4 is 2 air holes from the positions a3 on two sides of the central air hole in the horizontal direction; 5 are 8 large air holes with a distance a4 from the central air hole in the vertical direction; 6 is a cladding air hole; and 7 is a pure quartz glass substrate. The 2 fiber cores are air holes filled with nematic liquid crystal of high-birefringence material, and the fiber cores are regular circles. In addition, the introduction of air holes of different sizes around the core is also utilized to increase the structural birefringence of the core. Thus, the birefringence of the present invention can be seen as a combination of the high birefringence material (nematic liquid crystal E7) and the artificially structured core structure birefringence. The refractive index of liquid crystal is higher than that of quartz, so that the transmission mechanism is totally internal reflection as seen from a single core as in a conventional single mode fiber. From the view of the dual core structure, the invention is also an ultra-mode transmission. Therefore, the invention belongs to a mixed light guiding mechanism. According to the coupled mode theory, the mode coupling effect can occur between 2 fiber cores of the double-core structure, and 4 supermodes are formed in a conformal mode.
As shown in FIG. 2, the rotation angle of the liquid crystal molecules can be controlled by an external electric field, when the rotation angle of the liquid crystal is 90 °, the present invention uses a mode cut-off method to cut off the coupling between 2 supermodes in the x polarization direction and the filling mode in the fundamental space at a wavelength less than 0.99 μm, leaving only 2 supermodes in the y polarization direction, and the optical fiber can realize single polarization output in a wavelength range of 0.99 μm to 1.86 μm, wherein the wavelength range includes the whole O + E + S + C + L + U communication band.
As shown in FIG. 3, when the length of the optical fiber is 2.38mm, the energy of 1310nm light reaches the maximum in one core, while 1550nm light reaches the maximum in the other core, and 2 crosstalk noises are-68.18 dB
The first embodiment is as follows: the radius d1 of the central air hole ranges from 0.95 um. The distance a1 from the 2 fiber cores to the left and right sides of the central air hole in the horizontal direction is 1.795um, and the fiber core diameter d2 is 0.595 um. The distance a2 from the 2 air holes to the left and right sides of the central air hole in the horizontal direction is in the range of 4.49um, and the diameter d3 is in the range of 0.795 um. The distance a3 from the 2 air holes to the left and right sides of the central air hole in the horizontal direction is 7.195um, and the diameter d4 is 0.795 um. The range of the distance a4 between the 8 air holes and the upper side and the lower side of the central air hole in the vertical direction is 3.116um, and the range of d4 is 3.349 um. The cladding region has an air hole diameter d6 in the range of 0.998 um. The air hole spacing a0 for the cladding region ranged from 3.598 um.
Example two: the radius d1 of the central air hole ranges from 1.05 um. The distance a1 from the 2 cores to the left and right sides of the central air hole in the horizontal direction is in the range of 1.805um, and the core diameter d2 is in the range of 0.605 um. The distance a2 from the 2 air holes to the left and right sides of the central air hole in the horizontal direction is in the range of 4.51um, and the diameter d3 is in the range of 0.805 um. The distance a3 from the 2 air holes to the left and right sides of the central air hole in the horizontal direction is 7.205um, and the diameter d4 is 0.805 um. The range of the distance a4 between the 8 air holes and the upper side and the lower side of the central air hole in the vertical direction is 3.118um, and the range of d4 is 3.351 um. The cladding region has an air hole diameter d6 in the range of 1.002 um. The air hole pitch Λ 0 of the cladding region is in the range of 3.602 um.
The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware. With this understanding in mind, the above-described technical solutions may be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a single polarization output twin core photonic crystal fiber wavelength beam splitter is filled to liquid crystal which characterized in that includes: a core region and a cladding region filled with a pure quartz glass base material;
the fiber core area comprises a central air hole, two first air holes, two second air holes, two third air holes and eight fourth air holes; wherein the central air hole is located in the center of the core region, and the diameter of the central air hole is d 1; the two first air holes are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the central air hole in the horizontal direction, the horizontal distance from the two first air holes to the central air hole is a1, nematic liquid crystals are filled in the two first air holes, the first air holes filled with the nematic liquid crystals are used as fiber cores of optical fibers, and the diameters of the two first air holes are d 2; the two second air holes are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the central air hole in the horizontal direction, the horizontal distance from the two second air holes to the central air hole is a2, and the diameters of the two second air holes are d 3; the two third air holes are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the central air hole in the horizontal direction, the horizontal distance from the central air hole is a3, and the diameters of the two third air holes are d 4; the four fourth air holes are arranged on the upper side of the central air hole in the vertical direction, the other four fourth air holes are arranged on the lower side of the central air hole in the vertical direction, the four fourth air holes positioned on the upper side and the lower side of the central air hole are horizontally arranged, the vertical distance from the four fourth air holes to the central air hole is a4, the diameters of the eight fourth air holes are d5, and the horizontal distance between every two adjacent fourth air holes in the transverse direction is a 0;
the cladding region is positioned on the outer layer of the core region, the cladding region comprises a plurality of uniformly arranged fifth air holes, the diameters of the fifth air holes are d6, the hole intervals are a0, and the fifth air holes are arranged in a regular hexagonal structure.
2. The beam splitter as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the diameter d1 of the central air hole ranges from 0.95um to 1.05 um.
3. The beam splitter as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the horizontal distance a1 between the first air hole and the central air hole ranges from 1.795um to 1.805 um.
4. The beam splitter as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the diameter d2 of the first air hole ranges from 0.595um to 0.605 um.
5. The beam splitter as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the horizontal distance a2 between the second air hole and the central air hole ranges from 4.49um to 4.51 um.
6. The beam splitter as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the diameter d3 of the second air hole ranges from 0.795um to 0.805 um.
7. The beam splitter as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the horizontal distance a3 between the third air hole and the central air hole ranges from 7.195um to 7.205 um; the diameter d4 of the third air hole ranges from 0.795um to 0.805 um.
8. The beam splitter as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the diameter d5 of the fourth air hole ranges from 3.349um to 3.351 um.
9. The beam splitter as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the vertical distance a4 between the fourth air hole and the central air hole ranges from 3.116um to 3.118 um.
10. The beam splitter as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the value range of the a0 is 3.598-3.602 um; the diameter d6 of the fifth air hole ranges from 0.998um to 1.002 um.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010831726.5A CN111897044A (en) | 2020-08-18 | 2020-08-18 | Liquid crystal filled single-polarization output double-core photonic crystal fiber wavelength beam splitter |
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| CN202010831726.5A CN111897044A (en) | 2020-08-18 | 2020-08-18 | Liquid crystal filled single-polarization output double-core photonic crystal fiber wavelength beam splitter |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113296183A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-08-24 | 北京科技大学 | Double-core photonic crystal fiber polarization beam splitter based on liquid crystal filling |
| CN114935791A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-08-23 | 北京科技大学 | Octagonal double-core photonic crystal fiber polarization beam splitter with sulfur glass substrate |
-
2020
- 2020-08-18 CN CN202010831726.5A patent/CN111897044A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113296183A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-08-24 | 北京科技大学 | Double-core photonic crystal fiber polarization beam splitter based on liquid crystal filling |
| CN114935791A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-08-23 | 北京科技大学 | Octagonal double-core photonic crystal fiber polarization beam splitter with sulfur glass substrate |
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