CN111896416A - A kind of soil environmental quality monitoring method - Google Patents
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 161
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 title description 17
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000013441 quality evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000021048 nutrient requirements Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001303 quality assessment method Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003062 neural network model Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 241000270295 Serpentes Species 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种土壤质量检测技术领域，具体涉及一种土壤环境质量监测方法。The invention relates to the technical field of soil quality detection, in particular to a soil environmental quality monitoring method.
背景技术Background technique
土壤环境监测是指通过对影响土壤环境质量因素的代表值的测定，确定环境质量（或污染程度）及其变化趋势。我们通常所说的土壤监测是指土壤环境检测，其一般包括布点采样、样品制备、分析方法、结果表征、资料统计和质量评价等技术内容。Soil environmental monitoring refers to determining the environmental quality (or pollution degree) and its changing trend by measuring the representative values of factors affecting the soil environmental quality. Soil monitoring generally refers to soil environmental testing, which generally includes technical content such as site sampling, sample preparation, analysis methods, result characterization, data statistics, and quality evaluation.
目前，现有的土壤环境质量监测方法普遍采用人为取样的方式进行土壤样本的采集，费时费力的同时，取样点的随机性，很容易降低检测结果的精确性，同时，现有的环境检测方法大多只能获取到当前检测的土壤环境质量，对于土壤环境后续的质量情况仍然需要人为进行检测。At present, the existing soil environmental quality monitoring methods generally use artificial sampling to collect soil samples, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the randomness of sampling points can easily reduce the accuracy of the detection results. At the same time, the existing environmental detection methods Most of them can only obtain the soil environmental quality currently tested, and the subsequent quality of the soil environment still needs to be tested manually.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
为解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种土壤环境质量监测方法，可以实现土壤环境质量的快速分析和预估，且提高了土壤环境质量分析结果的精确度。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a soil environmental quality monitoring method, which can realize rapid analysis and estimation of soil environmental quality, and improve the accuracy of soil environmental quality analysis results.
为实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案为：To achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种土壤环境质量监测方法，包括如下步骤：A soil environmental quality monitoring method, comprising the following steps:
S1、基于取样机器人根据预设的巡检路径实现目标点土壤样品的定时采集；S1. Based on the sampling robot, according to the preset inspection path, the timed collection of soil samples at the target point is realized;
S2、将每一份土壤样品均分为两份，一份用于测定土壤重金属含量，另一份用于测定土壤养分含量；S2. Divide each soil sample into two parts, one is used to determine soil heavy metal content, and the other is used to determine soil nutrient content;
S3、基于预设的土壤质量评估模型根据所得的土壤重金属含量、土壤养分含量实现土壤质量的评估。S3. Based on the preset soil quality assessment model, the soil quality assessment is realized according to the obtained soil heavy metal content and soil nutrient content.
进一步地，所述取样机器人根据目标点预设的取样深度进行土壤样本的采集。Further, the sampling robot collects soil samples according to the preset sampling depth of the target point.
进一步地，所述巡检路径根据待检测土壤区域的形状和尺寸数据规划，该形状和尺寸数据基于无机人采集到的待检测土壤区域图像计算所得，每一亩布置5个目标点，呈蛇形分布。Further, the inspection path is planned according to the shape and size data of the soil area to be detected, the shape and size data are calculated based on the image of the soil area to be detected collected by the inorganic man, and 5 target points are arranged in each acre, in the shape of a snake. shape distribution.
进一步地，所述步骤S2中，将每一份土壤样品均分为两份，一份粉碎后，置于6-10倍量的去离子水中，加入一定量的改性纳米磁性氧化铁，搅拌混合处理10-15min后，捞出改性纳米磁性氧化铁，冲洗后，称重，获取土壤内重金属的含量参数；另一份经测土配方施肥仪测定土壤养分含量。Further, in the step S2, each soil sample is divided into two parts, one part is pulverized, placed in 6-10 times the amount of deionized water, a certain amount of modified nano-magnetic iron oxide is added, and the mixture is stirred. After mixing for 10-15 minutes, the modified nano-magnetic iron oxide was taken out, washed, and weighed to obtain the content parameters of heavy metals in the soil; the other part was tested for soil nutrient content by a formula fertilizer applicator.
进一步地，所述改性纳米磁性氧化铁的添加量为水用量的1/500。Further, the addition amount of the modified nano-magnetic iron oxide is 1/500 of the water consumption.
进一步地，还包括在土壤质量的评估结果落入预设的门限时，根据土壤质量的评估结果输出对应的土壤修复方案的步骤。Further, when the evaluation result of soil quality falls within a preset threshold, the step of outputting a corresponding soil remediation plan according to the evaluation result of soil quality.
进一步地，还包括基于预设的作物营养需求模型根据土壤养分含量实现作物各生长阶段施肥方案的规划的步骤。Further, it also includes the step of realizing the planning of the fertilization scheme for each growth stage of the crop according to the soil nutrient content based on the preset crop nutrient demand model.
进一步地，还包括根据土壤养分含量、作物的营养需求模型、土壤养分含量测定后实施的施肥策略进行当前土壤营养成分估算的步骤。Further, it also includes the step of estimating the current soil nutrient composition according to the soil nutrient content, the nutrient demand model of the crop, and the fertilization strategy implemented after the soil nutrient content is determined.
本发明具有以下有益效果：The present invention has the following beneficial effects:
基于取样机器人根据预设的巡检路径实现目标点土壤样品的定时采集，省时省力的同时，可以提高土壤样本取样点布置的合理性，从而可以提高后续检测结果的精确性。Based on the sampling robot, according to the preset inspection path, the soil sample of the target point can be collected regularly, which saves time and effort, and can improve the rationality of the arrangement of soil sample sampling points, thereby improving the accuracy of subsequent detection results.
基于预设的土壤质量评估模型根据所得的土壤重金属含量、土壤养分含量实现了土壤质量的自动评估，从而可以快速获取到土壤质量数据。Based on the preset soil quality assessment model, the soil quality can be automatically assessed according to the obtained soil heavy metal content and soil nutrient content, so that soil quality data can be quickly obtained.
根据土壤养分含量、作物的营养需求模型、土壤养分含量测定后实施的施肥策略进行当前土壤营养成分估算，从而在无需检测的情况下实现了土壤当前质量情况大致数据的获取。Based on soil nutrient content, crop nutrient demand model, and the fertilization strategy implemented after soil nutrient content determination, the current soil nutrient composition is estimated, so that the approximate data of the current soil quality can be obtained without testing.
基于改性纳米磁性氧化铁吸附重金属，然后通过比较吸附前后改性纳米磁性氧化铁重量的方式进行土壤中重金属含量的检测，操作方便。Based on the adsorption of heavy metals by the modified nano-magnetic iron oxide, the content of heavy metals in the soil is detected by comparing the weight of the modified nano-magnetic iron oxide before and after adsorption, and the operation is convenient.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the objects and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
实施例1Example 1
一种土壤环境质量监测方法，包括如下步骤：A soil environmental quality monitoring method, comprising the following steps:
S1、基于取样机器人根据预设的巡检路径实现目标点土壤样品的定时采集；所述取样机器人根据目标点预设的取样深度进行土壤样本的采集；S1. The sampling robot realizes the timed collection of soil samples at the target point according to a preset inspection path; the sampling robot collects soil samples according to a preset sampling depth of the target point;
S2、将每一份土壤样品均分为两份，一份用于测定土壤重金属含量，另一份用于测定土壤养分含量；具体的，将每一份土壤样品均分为两份，一份粉碎后，置于6-10倍量的去离子水中，加入一定量的改性纳米磁性氧化铁，搅拌混合处理10-15min后，捞出改性纳米磁性氧化铁，冲洗后，称重，获取土壤内重金属的含量参数，其中，所述改性纳米磁性氧化铁的添加量为水用量的1/500；另一份经测土配方施肥仪测定土壤养分含量；S2. Divide each soil sample into two parts, one is used to determine the content of heavy metals in the soil, and the other is used to determine the content of soil nutrients; specifically, each soil sample is divided into two parts, one is used to determine the content of soil nutrients. After crushing, put it in 6-10 times the amount of deionized water, add a certain amount of modified nano-magnetic iron oxide, stir and mix for 10-15 minutes, take out the modified nano-magnetic iron oxide, rinse, weigh, and obtain The content parameter of heavy metals in the soil, wherein, the addition amount of the modified nano-magnetic iron oxide is 1/500 of the water consumption; the other part is measured by a soil-testing formula fertilizer to measure the soil nutrient content;
S3、基于预设的土壤质量评估模型（BP神经网络模型）根据所得的土壤重金属含量、土壤养分含量实现土壤质量的评估。S3. Based on a preset soil quality assessment model (BP neural network model), soil quality assessment is realized according to the obtained soil heavy metal content and soil nutrient content.
本实施例中，所述巡检路径根据待检测土壤区域的形状和尺寸数据规划，该形状和尺寸数据基于无机人采集到的待检测土壤区域图像计算所得，每一亩布置5个目标点，呈蛇形分布。In this embodiment, the inspection path is planned according to the shape and size data of the soil area to be detected, and the shape and size data are calculated based on the image of the soil area to be detected collected by the unmanned aerial vehicle, and 5 target points are arranged per acre, Serpentine distribution.
实施例2Example 2
一种土壤环境质量监测方法，包括如下步骤：A soil environmental quality monitoring method, comprising the following steps:
S1、基于取样机器人根据预设的巡检路径实现目标点土壤样品的定时采集；所述取样机器人根据目标点预设的取样深度进行土壤样本的采集；S1. The sampling robot realizes the timed collection of soil samples at the target point according to a preset inspection path; the sampling robot collects soil samples according to a preset sampling depth of the target point;
S2、将每一份土壤样品均分为两份，一份用于测定土壤重金属含量，另一份用于测定土壤养分含量；具体的，将每一份土壤样品均分为两份，一份粉碎后，置于6-10倍量的去离子水中，加入一定量的改性纳米磁性氧化铁，搅拌混合处理10-15min后，捞出改性纳米磁性氧化铁，冲洗后，称重，获取土壤内重金属的含量参数，其中，所述改性纳米磁性氧化铁的添加量为水用量的1/500；另一份经测土配方施肥仪测定土壤养分含量；S2. Divide each soil sample into two parts, one is used to determine the content of heavy metals in the soil, and the other is used to determine the content of soil nutrients; specifically, each soil sample is divided into two parts, one is used to determine the content of soil nutrients. After crushing, put it in 6-10 times the amount of deionized water, add a certain amount of modified nano-magnetic iron oxide, stir and mix for 10-15 minutes, take out the modified nano-magnetic iron oxide, rinse, weigh, and obtain The content parameter of heavy metals in the soil, wherein, the addition amount of the modified nano-magnetic iron oxide is 1/500 of the water consumption; the other part is measured by a soil-testing formula fertilizer to measure the soil nutrient content;
S3、基于预设的土壤质量评估模型（BP神经网络模型）根据所得的土壤重金属含量、土壤养分含量实现土壤质量的评估；S3. Based on the preset soil quality assessment model (BP neural network model), the soil quality assessment is realized according to the obtained soil heavy metal content and soil nutrient content;
S4、在土壤质量的评估结果落入预设的门限时，基于最邻近分类器根据土壤质量的评估结果输出对应的土壤修复方案。S4. When the evaluation result of soil quality falls within a preset threshold, output a corresponding soil remediation plan based on the evaluation result of soil quality based on the nearest neighbor classifier.
本实施例中，所述巡检路径根据待检测土壤区域的形状和尺寸数据规划，该形状和尺寸数据基于无机人采集到的待检测土壤区域图像计算所得，每一亩布置5个目标点，呈蛇形分布。In this embodiment, the inspection path is planned according to the shape and size data of the soil area to be detected, and the shape and size data are calculated based on the image of the soil area to be detected collected by the unmanned aerial vehicle, and 5 target points are arranged per acre, Serpentine distribution.
实施例3Example 3
一种土壤环境质量监测方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：A method for monitoring soil environmental quality, comprising the steps of:
S1、基于取样机器人根据预设的巡检路径实现目标点土壤样品的定时采集；所述取样机器人根据目标点预设的取样深度进行土壤样本的采集；S1. The sampling robot realizes the timed collection of soil samples at the target point according to a preset inspection path; the sampling robot collects soil samples according to a preset sampling depth of the target point;
S2、将每一份土壤样品均分为两份，一份用于测定土壤重金属含量，另一份用于测定土壤养分含量；具体的，将每一份土壤样品均分为两份，一份粉碎后，置于6-10倍量的去离子水中，加入一定量的改性纳米磁性氧化铁，搅拌混合处理10-15min后，捞出改性纳米磁性氧化铁，冲洗后，称重，获取土壤内重金属的含量参数，其中，所述改性纳米磁性氧化铁的添加量为水用量的1/500；另一份经测土配方施肥仪测定土壤养分含量；S2. Divide each soil sample into two parts, one is used to determine the content of heavy metals in the soil, and the other is used to determine the content of soil nutrients; specifically, each soil sample is divided into two parts, one is used to determine the content of soil nutrients. After crushing, put it in 6-10 times the amount of deionized water, add a certain amount of modified nano-magnetic iron oxide, stir and mix for 10-15 minutes, take out the modified nano-magnetic iron oxide, rinse, weigh, and obtain The content parameter of heavy metals in the soil, wherein, the addition amount of the modified nano-magnetic iron oxide is 1/500 of the water consumption; the other part is measured by a soil-testing formula fertilizer to measure the soil nutrient content;
S3、基于预设的土壤质量评估模型（BP神经网络模型）根据所得的土壤重金属含量、土壤养分含量实现土壤质量的评估；S3. Based on the preset soil quality assessment model (BP neural network model), the soil quality assessment is realized according to the obtained soil heavy metal content and soil nutrient content;
S4、基于预设的作物营养需求模型根据土壤养分含量实现作物各生长阶段施肥方案的规划。S4. Based on the preset crop nutrient demand model, the planning of fertilization schemes for each growth stage of the crop is realized according to the soil nutrient content.
本实施例中，所述巡检路径根据待检测土壤区域的形状和尺寸数据规划，该形状和尺寸数据基于无机人采集到的待检测土壤区域图像计算所得，每一亩布置5个目标点，呈蛇形分布。In this embodiment, the inspection path is planned according to the shape and size data of the soil area to be detected, and the shape and size data are calculated based on the image of the soil area to be detected collected by the unmanned aerial vehicle, and 5 target points are arranged per acre, Serpentine distribution.
实施例4Example 4
一种土壤环境质量监测方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：A method for monitoring soil environmental quality, comprising the steps of:
S1、基于取样机器人根据预设的巡检路径实现目标点土壤样品的定时采集；所述取样机器人根据目标点预设的取样深度进行土壤样本的采集；S1. The sampling robot realizes the timed collection of soil samples at the target point according to a preset inspection path; the sampling robot collects soil samples according to a preset sampling depth of the target point;
S2、将每一份土壤样品均分为两份，一份用于测定土壤重金属含量，另一份用于测定土壤养分含量；具体的，将每一份土壤样品均分为两份，一份粉碎后，置于6-10倍量的去离子水中，加入一定量的改性纳米磁性氧化铁，搅拌混合处理10-15min后，捞出改性纳米磁性氧化铁，冲洗后，称重，获取土壤内重金属的含量参数，其中，所述改性纳米磁性氧化铁的添加量为水用量的1/500；另一份经测土配方施肥仪测定土壤养分含量；S2. Divide each soil sample into two parts, one is used to determine the content of heavy metals in the soil, and the other is used to determine the content of soil nutrients; specifically, each soil sample is divided into two parts, one is used to determine the content of soil nutrients. After crushing, put it in 6-10 times the amount of deionized water, add a certain amount of modified nano-magnetic iron oxide, stir and mix for 10-15 minutes, take out the modified nano-magnetic iron oxide, rinse, weigh, and obtain The content parameter of heavy metals in the soil, wherein, the addition amount of the modified nano-magnetic iron oxide is 1/500 of the water consumption; the other part is measured by a soil-testing formula fertilizer to measure the soil nutrient content;
S3、基于预设的土壤质量评估模型（BP神经网络模型）根据所得的土壤重金属含量、土壤养分含量实现土壤质量的评估；S3. Based on the preset soil quality assessment model (BP neural network model), the soil quality assessment is realized according to the obtained soil heavy metal content and soil nutrient content;
S4、根据土壤养分含量、作物的营养需求模型、土壤养分含量测定后实施的施肥策略进行当前土壤营养成分估算。S4, according to the soil nutrient content, the nutrient demand model of crops, and the fertilization strategy implemented after the soil nutrient content is determined to estimate the current soil nutrient composition.
本实施例中，所述巡检路径根据待检测土壤区域的形状和尺寸数据规划，该形状和尺寸数据基于无机人采集到的待检测土壤区域图像计算所得，每一亩布置5个目标点，呈蛇形分布。In this embodiment, the inspection path is planned according to the shape and size data of the soil area to be detected, and the shape and size data are calculated based on the image of the soil area to be detected collected by the unmanned aerial vehicle, and 5 target points are arranged per acre, Serpentine distribution.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以作出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be It is regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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