CN111894763A - Method and device for starting actively-cooled scramjet engine - Google Patents
Method and device for starting actively-cooled scramjet engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN111894763A CN111894763A CN202010635191.4A CN202010635191A CN111894763A CN 111894763 A CN111894763 A CN 111894763A CN 202010635191 A CN202010635191 A CN 202010635191A CN 111894763 A CN111894763 A CN 111894763A
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- oil
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K7/00—Plants in which the working fluid is used in a jet only, i.e. the plants not having a turbine or other engine driving a compressor or a ducted fan; Control thereof
- F02K7/10—Plants in which the working fluid is used in a jet only, i.e. the plants not having a turbine or other engine driving a compressor or a ducted fan; Control thereof characterised by having ram-action compression, i.e. aero-thermo-dynamic-ducts or ram-jet engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/26—Starting; Ignition
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for starting an actively-cooled scramjet engine, which comprises the following steps: when in ignition, cold kerosene is injected into the combustion chamber through a cold oil injection hole communicated with the cooling channel; after the combustion chamber is ignited and combusted, the oil temperature and the oil pressure in the cooling channel are increased, when the oil pressure is higher than a selected pressure value between 36 atm and 40atm for the first time, the first stop valve J1 is opened to open the first throttling hole group N1/N2, and the pressure is reduced to 24 atm to 26 atm; when the oil pressure is higher than the selected pressure again, opening a second stop valve J2 to open a second throttling hole group N3/N4, and reducing the pressure to 24-26 atm; when the oil pressure is higher than the selected pressure again, the third stop valve J3 is opened, the pressure is reduced to 24-26atm, and then the oil temperature and the oil pressure are gradually stabilized after being increased by a small amplitude; the throttle holes and the stop valves arranged on the two sides of the combustion chamber are adjusted to enable the fuel injection pressure in the whole process to be within a set range, so that the operation is simple, the stable start of the ramjet is ensured, and the auxiliary start of active oxidant is not needed.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of ramjet engines, in particular to a starting method and a starting device for an active cooling scramjet engine.
Background
The stable and efficient starting of the active cooling scramjet is always a practical and unavoidable problem of the active cooling scramjet. In the starting process, along with the operation of the active cooling combustion chamber, the temperature and the pressure of the kerosene in the cooling channel are increased continuously, the kerosene is changed into a high-temperature liquid state and a supercritical state from a room-temperature liquid state and further into a cracking state, and the change of physical properties causes the drastic change of the density and even components of the kerosene.
From the relationship between the cold kerosene flow and the density and the throttle area and the relationship between the pyrolysis kerosene flow and the density and the throttle area, when the cold kerosene flow and the hot kerosene flow are not changed, the proportion between the mild pyrolysis throttle area and the cold throttle area is 6 times. Therefore, the throttle area of kerosene must be continuously adjusted to ensure that the injection pressure of kerosene is within a certain reasonable range.
The American X51 verification machine adopts an ethylene preheating combustion chamber, kerosene in a cold channel is not directly injected into the combustion chamber after being cooled, but is directly discharged, and the kerosene is switched to enter the combustion chamber after the temperature and the pressure of the kerosene in the cold channel reach certain stability degree, so that the change of multiple physical states of the kerosene is avoided, the whole process needs to be divided into multiple operations, and the operation process is complicated; in patent ZL201810159005.7, it is proposed to provide three rows of kerosene injection holes with different sizes in the combustion chamber, which are respectively adapted to cold-state liquid oil, hot-state liquid oil and supercritical/cracked-state kerosene, and after the fuel passes through the cooling channel of the whole combustion chamber, the fuel is injected into the combustion chamber through the above injection holes, but it needs to introduce active oxidant to ensure stable start-up switching.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a starting method and a starting device for an active cooling scramjet engine, which not only are simple to operate, but also ensure the stable starting of the ramjet engine by adjusting the throttle holes and the stop valves arranged on two sides of a combustion chamber to enable the fuel injection pressure in the whole process to be within a set range, so as to reduce the auxiliary starting by adopting active oxidant.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides the following:
in an embodiment of the invention, an active cooling scramjet engine starting device is provided, which comprises a combustion chamber with a cavity formed inside, and an oil way assembly communicated with the combustion chamber, wherein the oil way assembly comprises a cold oil providing unit extending to penetrate into the combustion chamber and a plurality of hot oil providing units respectively extending to penetrate into the combustion chamber, and the hot oil providing units are communicated with the cold oil providing units;
the hot oil supply unit comprises a hot oil spray hole arranged in the combustion chamber, and a direct-current oil through pipeline, a first throttling oil through pipeline and a second throttling oil through pipeline which are connected with the hot oil spray hole, wherein one end of the direct-current oil barrel pipeline is connected with the cold oil supply unit through a third stop valve, and the other end of the direct-current oil barrel pipeline is connected with the hot oil spray hole;
one end of the first throttling oil through pipeline is connected with the cold oil supply unit through a first stop valve, and the other end of the first throttling oil through pipeline is connected with the hot oil spray hole through a first throttling hole group;
one end of the second throttling oil through pipeline is connected with the cold oil supply unit through a second stop valve, and the other end of the second throttling oil through pipeline is connected with the hot oil spray holes through a second throttling hole group.
An embodiment of the present invention is further characterized in that the cold oil supply unit includes a cooling channel disposed adjacent to the combustion chamber, and the cooling channel extends into the combustion chamber through a cold oil injection hole.
The embodiment of the present invention is further characterized in that the first throttling oil passage pipe and the second throttling oil passage pipe are respectively provided with an upper oil passage and a lower oil passage symmetrically about the first stop valve and the second stop valve as central axes, the first throttling hole group is symmetrically provided on the upper oil passage and the lower oil passage of the first throttling oil passage pipe about the first stop valve as a center, and the second throttling hole group is symmetrically provided on the upper oil passage and the lower oil passage of the second throttling oil passage pipe about the second stop valve as a center.
An embodiment of the present invention is further characterized in that the first stop valve, the second stop valve, and the third stop valve are each a burst valve or a burst disc.
An embodiment of the present invention is further characterized in that the orifice area of the first orifice group is smaller than the orifice area of the second orifice group.
The embodiment of the invention is also characterized in that the caliber of the cold oil spray hole is 0.3-0.4mm, and the area of the cold oil spray hole accounts for 1/5 of the area of the hot oil spray hole.
The embodiment of the invention is also characterized in that the cold oil spray hole is positioned 30-40 mm upstream of the hot oil spray hole.
An active cooling scramjet engine starting method comprises the following steps:
s100, during ignition, cold kerosene is injected into the combustion chamber through the cold oil injection holes along the cooling channel;
s200, after ignition and combustion of the combustion chamber, oil temperature and oil pressure in the cooling channel are increased, when the oil pressure is higher than a threshold value between 36 and 40atm for the first time, a first stop valve J1 is opened to open a first throttling hole group N1/N2, and the oil pressure is reduced to 24 to 26 atm;
s300, when the oil pressure is higher than the threshold value again, opening a second stop valve J2 to open a second throttling hole group N3/N4, and reducing the oil pressure to 24-26 atm;
s400, when the oil pressure is higher than the threshold value again, the third stop valve J3 is opened, the oil pressure is reduced to 24-26atm, and then the oil temperature and the oil pressure are gradually stabilized after undergoing a small amplitude rise.
The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
the invention makes the fuel injection pressure in the whole process in the range of 2-4MPa by sequentially arranging devices such as a plurality of throttling holes, stop valves and the like on two sides of the combustion chamber and adjusting the throttling holes and the stop valves, the pressure drop at each time is controlled in the range of 30-40%, the thermal state fuel throttling area is adjusted by changing the flow area, the kerosene injection pressure is maintained to be stably changed in a certain range, the stable start of the ramjet is ensured, the operation is convenient, the structure is simple, compared with the start of the common ramjet, the active oxidant is not needed for assistance, and the effective protection effect is carried out on the engine body.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
The structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions that the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modifications, changes in the ratio relationship, or adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the effects and the achievable by the present invention, should still fall within the range that the technical contents disclosed in the present invention can cover.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an actively-cooled scramjet engine starting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for actively cooling and scramjet engine starting according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure:
1-a combustion chamber; 2-a cooling channel; 3-cold oil spraying holes; 4-a direct-flow oil through pipeline; 5-a first throttling oil through pipeline; 6-a second throttling oil through pipeline; 7-hot oil spray hole, 8-first stop valve; 9-a second stop valve; 10-a third stop valve; 11-a first orifice group; 12-second orifice group.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an active cooling scramjet engine starting apparatus, which includes a combustion chamber 1 having a cavity formed therein, and an oil path assembly communicating with the combustion chamber 1, and the oil path assembly includes a cold oil supply unit extending through the combustion chamber 1, and a plurality of hot oil supply units each extending through the combustion chamber 1.
The cold oil supply unit comprises a cooling channel 2 arranged close to the combustion chamber 1, a cold oil spray hole 3 is formed in the cooling channel 2 in a penetrating mode in the combustion chamber 1, fuel flows through the cooling channel 2, and the fuel is sprayed into the combustion chamber 1 through the cold oil spray hole 3 along the cooling channel 2.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the hot oil supply unit includes a straight oil through pipe 4 connected to the cooling channel 2 through a third cut-off valve J3, and a first throttling oil through pipe 5 connected to the cooling channel 2 through a first cut-off valve J1 and a second throttling oil through pipe 6 connected to the cooling channel 2 through a second cut-off valve J2, the other end of the straight oil through pipe 4 is connected to a hot oil spray hole 7 installed in the combustion chamber 1, the first throttling oil through pipe 5 is connected to the hot oil spray hole 7 through a first throttling hole group N1/N2, and the second throttling oil through pipe 6 is connected to the hot oil spray hole 7 through a second throttling hole group N3/N4.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the hot oil supply unit comprises at least one straight oil passage and a plurality of throttle oil passages, wherein the plurality of throttle oil passages are respectively connected to the cooling channel through the stop valve, and the other ends of the plurality of throttle oil passages are respectively connected in series with the throttle holes with different throttle opening areas and then connected to the hot oil spray holes 7, so as to increase the range of oil pressure control.
In addition, only the cold oil spray hole 3 suitable for cold oil and the final hot oil spray hole 7 suitable for supercritical/cracking oil are arranged in the combustion chamber 1, and a plurality of throttle holes and stop valves required in the transition process are arranged outside the combustion chamber 1, so that the complexity of the combustion chamber 1 is reduced, and the number and the size of the throttle holes can be adjusted according to actual requirements, so that the flexibility is increased.
In addition, the first throttling oil through pipeline 5 and the second throttling oil through pipeline 6 are symmetrically provided with an upper oil way and a lower oil way by taking the first stop valve J1 and the second stop valve J2 as central axes respectively, the first throttling hole group N1/N2 is symmetrically arranged on the upper oil way and the lower oil way of the first throttling oil through pipeline 5 by taking the first stop valve J1 as the central axis, and the second throttling hole group N3/N4 is symmetrically arranged on the upper oil way and the lower oil way of the second throttling oil through pipeline 6 by taking the second stop valve J2 as the central axis.
The fuel flowing through the first, second, and third shut-off valves J1, J2, and J3 is injected into the combustion chamber 1 through the hot oil injection holes 7 in the direction of the combustion chamber 1 through the upper and lower oil paths of the first, second, and straight oil through pipes 5, 6, and 4, respectively.
In one embodiment of the present invention, kerosene enters the combustion chamber 1 along the upper and lower oil paths of the first and second throttling oil conduits 5 and 6 respectively outside the combustion chamber 1, and the upper and lower oil paths are provided with orifices respectively, so as to facilitate separate control when combustion imbalance occurs in the combustion chamber or flow imbalance occurs in the cooling passage.
The first stop valve J1, the second stop valve J2 and the third stop valve J3 are respectively a blasting valve or a blasting sheet, which can resist high-temperature kerosene, is light in weight, reduces the load of a ramjet, and facilitates automatic conduction of the first throttling oil through pipeline 5 and the second throttling oil through pipeline 6 through the blasting valve or the blasting sheet.
The throttle orifice areas of the first throttle orifice group N1/N2 are smaller than the throttle orifice areas of the second throttle orifice group N3/N4, and the throttle orifice areas of the throttle orifices arranged on the same throttle oil through pipe are the same.
The caliber of the cold oil spray hole 3 is 0.3-0.4mm, and the area of the cold oil spray hole 3 accounts for 1/5 of the area of the hot oil spray hole 7.
The cold oil spray hole is located 30-40 mm above the hot oil spray hole.
The invention realizes effective control of oil pressure in the oil way through a plurality of throttling holes, stop valves and the like arranged outside the combustion chamber 1, ensures stable switching of the oil pressure in a certain range, and has simple structure and convenient operation.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, there is provided an actively-cooled scramjet engine starting method comprising the steps of:
s100, during ignition, cold kerosene is injected into the combustion chamber through the cold oil injection holes along the cooling channel;
s200, after ignition and combustion of the combustion chamber, kerosene in the cooling channel absorbs heat on the wall surface of the combustion chamber, the oil temperature and the oil pressure are increased, when the oil pressure is higher than a selected pressure value between 36 atm and 40atm for the first time, a first stop valve J1 is opened to open a first throttling hole group N1/N2, and the oil pressure is reduced to 24 atm to 26 atm;
s300, when the oil pressure is higher than the selected pressure again, opening a second stop valve J2 to open a second throttling hole group N3/N4, and reducing the oil pressure to 24-26 atm;
s400, when the oil pressure is higher than the selected pressure again, the third stop valve J3 is opened, the oil pressure is reduced to 24-26atm, and then the oil temperature and the oil pressure are gradually stabilized after undergoing a small increase.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
during ignition, oil in the cooling channel flows through the upstream of the concave cavity step and is directly injected into the combustion chamber to participate in combustion through the cold oil injection holes in the wall surface, the proportion of the part of fuel in the total fuel is changed, cold kerosene is injected before and immediately after ignition, the cold kerosene occupies about 100% of the cold kerosene, supercritical kerosene is injected in the cold kerosene injection position after the combustion chamber reaches thermal equilibrium, and the flow rate only occupies about 20% of the total fuel.
After ignition, the combustion chamber starts warming up, the oil temperature and the oil pressure are raised continuously, and when the oil pressure is greater than 38atm, the cut-off valve J1 is opened to open the orifices N1 and N2, and the oil pressure is restored to around 25 atm.
When the oil pressure reaches 38atm again as the warming-up of the combustion chamber continues, the oil temperature continues to rise, the oil pressure rises again, the cut-off valve J2 is opened, the orifices N3 and N4 are opened, the throttle area increases, and the oil pressure returns to about 25atm again.
When the temperature of the oil is raised again and the oil pressure is raised again to 38atm again by continuing warming up the combustion chamber, the cut-off valve J3 is opened and the oil pressure is restored to about 25atm again. Subsequent oil temperatures and oil pressures will rise, requiring no further adjustment, as the oil temperature has gradually approached steady state.
By adjusting the throttle holes and the stop valves arranged on the two sides of the combustion chamber, the fuel injection pressure in the whole starting process is within the range of 2-4MPa, and the pressure drop is controlled within 30-40% each time, so that the local equivalence ratio in the combustion chamber cannot be changed too much, and the combustion chamber is prevented from flameout.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (8)
1. An active cooling scramjet engine starting device is characterized by comprising a combustion chamber (1) with a cavity formed inside, and an oil way assembly communicated with the combustion chamber (1), wherein the oil way assembly comprises a cold oil providing unit extending to penetrate into the combustion chamber (1) and a plurality of hot oil providing units respectively extending to penetrate into the combustion chamber (1), and the hot oil providing units are communicated and connected with the cold oil providing units;
the hot oil supply unit comprises a hot oil spray hole (7) arranged in the combustion chamber (1), and a direct-current oil through pipeline (4), a first throttle oil through pipeline (5) and a second throttle oil through pipeline (6) which are connected with the hot oil spray hole (7), wherein one end of the direct-current oil barrel pipeline (4) is connected with the cold oil supply unit through a third stop valve (10), and the other end of the direct-current oil barrel pipeline (4) is connected with the hot oil spray hole (7);
one end of the first throttling oil through pipeline (5) is connected with the cold oil supply unit through a first stop valve (8), and the other end of the first throttling oil through pipeline (5) is connected with the hot oil spray hole (7) through a first throttling hole group (11);
one end of the second throttling oil through pipeline (6) is connected with the cold oil supply unit through a second stop valve (9), and the other end of the second throttling oil through pipeline (6) is connected with the hot oil spray hole (7) through a second throttling hole group (12).
2. An actively cooled scramjet engine starting device according to claim 1, wherein said cold oil providing unit comprises a cooling channel (2) arranged adjacent to said combustion chamber (1), said cooling channel (2) extending through cold oil nozzle holes (3) into said combustion chamber (1).
3. The active cooling scramjet engine starting device according to claim 1, wherein the first throttling oil passage pipe (5) and the second throttling oil passage pipe (6) are symmetrically provided with an upper oil passage and a lower oil passage with the first stop valve (8) and the second stop valve (9) as central axes, respectively, the first throttling hole group (11) is symmetrically provided on the upper oil passage and the lower oil passage of the first throttling oil passage pipe (5) with the first stop valve (8) as a center, and the second throttling hole group (12) is symmetrically provided on the upper oil passage and the lower oil passage of the second throttling oil passage pipe (6) with the second stop valve (9) as a center.
4. An actively-cooled scramjet engine starting device according to claim 1, wherein the first shut-off valve (8), the second shut-off valve (9) and the third shut-off valve (10) are each a burst valve or a burst disk.
5. An actively cooled scramjet engine starting device according to claim 1, wherein the orifice area of said first orifice set (11) is smaller than the orifice area of said second orifice set (12).
6. The active cooling scramjet engine starting device according to claim 2, wherein the diameter of the cold oil jet holes (3) is 0.3-0.4mm, and the area of the cold oil jet holes (3) occupies 1/5 of the area of the hot oil jet holes (7).
7. The actively-cooled scramjet engine starting device as claimed in claim 2, wherein said cold oil jet holes (3) are located 30-40 mm upstream of said hot oil jet holes (7).
8. An active cooling scramjet engine starting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s100, during ignition, cold kerosene is injected into the combustion chamber through the cold oil injection holes along the cooling channel;
s200, after ignition and combustion of the combustion chamber, oil temperature and oil pressure in the cooling channel are increased, when the oil pressure is higher than a threshold value between 36 and 40atm for the first time, a first stop valve J1 is opened to open a first throttling hole group N1/N2, and the oil pressure is reduced to 24 to 26 atm;
s300, when the oil pressure is higher than the threshold value again, opening a second stop valve J2 to open a second throttling hole group N3/N4, and reducing the oil pressure to 24-26 atm;
s400, when the oil pressure is higher than the threshold value again, the third stop valve J3 is opened, the oil pressure is reduced to 24-26atm, and then the oil temperature and the oil pressure are gradually stabilized after undergoing a small amplitude rise.
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| CN202010635191.4A CN111894763A (en) | 2020-07-03 | 2020-07-03 | Method and device for starting actively-cooled scramjet engine |
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| CN202010635191.4A CN111894763A (en) | 2020-07-03 | 2020-07-03 | Method and device for starting actively-cooled scramjet engine |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112901353A (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2021-06-04 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | System and method for starting ramjet engine through active cooling of hydrocarbon fuel and scramjet engine |
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