CN111894520A - Method for regulating temperature of drilling fluid based on paraffin material - Google Patents
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 154
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;disodium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4] ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane clathrate Chemical compound C.C.C.C.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229940080314 sodium bentonite Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B36/00—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
- E21B36/001—Cooling arrangements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/06—Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Drilling And Boring (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for regulating and controlling the temperature of a drilling fluid based on a paraffin material. The basic technical scheme is as follows: (1) synthesizing a paraffin material preferably suitable for drilling fluid applications; (2) taking a paraffin material as a drilling fluid treating agent, keeping the adding amount at 5-20%, and cooling to 5-15 ℃; (3) the material can be recycled by means of microcapsule coating or the like. The invention has the advantages that: in the circulation process of the drilling fluid, the paraffin can generate phase change, and the latent heat of the phase change of the paraffin can be utilized to fully absorb heat; after the drilling fluid circulates to the ground, the paraffin can be solidified again along with the reduction of the temperature to release heat, and no cooling medium is needed to be added.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-temperature drilling fluid cooling technology in the technical field of high-temperature drilling, which can overcome the passivity of the prior high-temperature drilling technology, actively cool the drilling fluid, reduce the technical cost of high-temperature drilling and is a novel high-temperature drilling technology.
Background
With the development of drilling technology and the rise of new energy sources, high-temperature formations are increasingly generated. The bottom temperature of the high-temperature wells such as hot dry rock, geothermal wells and the like in China is more than 200 ℃, and some high-temperature wells even exceed 300 ℃.
The high temperature of the drilling fluid has very serious negative influence on the drilling process, the high temperature of the drilling fluid can cause the high temperature failure of the treating agent, influence the stability of the drilling fluid such as rheological property, moisture filtering property and the like, and also has serious negative influence on a drilling tool and logging equipment, the high temperature can reduce the sealing property of the downhole tool, seriously shorten the service life of the drilling tool, reduce the service life of the equipment while drilling and improve the production cost. The main slurrying material of water-based drilling fluids is bentonite. Such as sodium bentonite, is used for viscosity increasing, filtration loss reducing and lubricating performance improving. The effects of high temperature on the slurried material are mainly flocculation and dispersion. As the temperature increases, the severity of flocculation increases; meanwhile, the high temperature also enhances the capability of water molecules to penetrate into the clay and the capability of cation diffusion and replacement on the surface of the clay, and promotes the particles to be dispersed under the action of Brownian motion and external shearing force. The drill bit material in the high-temperature environment often shows the problems of easy fatigue, strength reduction and the like due to high temperature. The logging-while-drilling equipment can show the problems of inaccurate measurement, even deformation and damage of the equipment and the like at high temperature.
The high temperature, complex and harsh environment places the following demands on the drilling fluid and drilling tool performance: the heat resistance of the drilling fluid is stronger, and the rheological property is kept unchanged; the drilling tool has good thermal stability and can not shorten the service life due to high temperature.
During drilling, the cooling of the drilling fluid is generally performed as follows. (1) And naturally cooling, namely, the purpose of cooling the drilling fluid can be achieved to a certain extent by prolonging the circulation route of the drilling fluid groove. The method is generally applied to the situations that the discharge amount of the drilling fluid is not large and the temperature of the returned drilling fluid is not too high. The cooling mode is completely influenced by weather conditions, the effect on deep wells, ultra-deep wells and high-temperature and high-pressure wells is not obvious, and the requirement of safe drilling on the temperature of circulating drilling fluid on natural gas hydrate wells cannot be met. (2) And mixing and cooling the low-temperature medium, putting low-temperature solid (such as ice blocks) or liquid into the drilling fluid pool, and cooling the drilling fluid in a mixed heat conduction mode. This method is generally used for cooling of water-based drilling fluids and is only used as an emergency solution in situations where a low temperature water source is readily available. (3) The cooling device is used for forced cooling, and when the temperature of the returned drilling fluid is too high, a drilling fluid cooling system is used for forced cooling. The working principle of the drilling fluid cooling system mainly adopts 3 modes of air cooling, spraying and interactive heat exchange. However, the external cooling device requires energy input, and has huge energy loss.
Chinese patent CN108612495A discloses a drilling fluid cooling system, which comprises a movable pool, a delivery pump, an inlet and outlet manifold device and a cooling device, wherein the inlet and outlet manifold device comprises a drilling fluid inlet and outlet manifold device, a cold source inlet and outlet manifold device and a flushing manifold device, and specifically comprises a drilling fluid inlet pipe, a drilling fluid outlet pipe, a cold source inlet pipe and a cold source outlet pipe, flushing drainage pipes and flushing backflow pipes are arranged between the drilling fluid inlet and outlet pipelines and the cold source inlet and outlet pipelines, and switch valves are arranged on the pipelines; the cooling device is internally provided with a drilling fluid channel and a cold source channel. The inlet and outlet manifold device adopts a modular structure design, realizes the heat exchange function of the drilling fluid and the cold source flowing in the same direction and in the reverse direction, and the forward and reverse flushing functions of the drilling fluid channel, the flushing function is simple and convenient to use, a box-type integrated skid-mounted structure is formed between the cooling device and the inlet and outlet manifold device, and the inlet and outlet manifold device has the advantages of compact structure, convenience in moving and transporting, simplicity and high efficiency in cleaning. However, this method requires a series of process equipment, is costly and requires an additional heat exchange medium.
Chinese patent CN108276975A discloses a technique for improving the performance of drilling fluid by adding different high temperature stabilizers, and the drilling fluid can endure a high temperature environment of 240 ℃ by adding the high temperature stabilizers, but the method only considers the state of the drilling fluid in the high temperature environment, does not consider the high temperature resistant cost of drilling tools and drilling equipment and the measurement deviation at high temperature, and still faces the problem of high cost of drilling tools.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a method for regulating and controlling the temperature of drilling fluid based on a paraffin material, which has the performance of reducing the temperature of the drilling fluid, fully satisfies the reutilization of the drilling fluid, reduces the drilling cost and ensures the rapid performance of subsequent drilling operation.
According to the principle that the phase change of the energy storage phase change material is constant in temperature and large in phase change latent heat, the influence of the energy storage phase change paraffin on the temperature of the drilling fluid is tested, the effects of different phase change paraffins on cooling are compared, the influence rule and the action mechanism of the energy storage phase change paraffin on the cooling of the drilling fluid are discussed, the influence characteristics of the phase change paraffin on the temperature are analyzed in a system, a set of new drilling fluid cooling method is constructed, the purposes of properly constructing and measuring the underground temperature are achieved, the drilling cost is reduced, the drilling efficiency is improved, and the method for cooling the drilling fluid by the energy storage phase change material.
A method for regulating temperature of drilling fluid based on paraffin material, comprising the following steps:
(1) synthesizing phase-change paraffin suitable for cooling the drilling fluid, wherein the phase-change temperature is close to the bottom temperature, and the latent heat of phase change is more than 140J/g;
(2) phase-change paraffin is used as an additive in the drilling fluid, and the phase-change paraffin accounting for 5-20% of the mass ratio of the drilling fluid is added into the drilling fluid; when the temperature of the drilling fluid added with the phase-change paraffin is increased to the phase-change temperature of the phase-change paraffin, the paraffin is melted to absorb heat, the temperature of the drilling fluid is controlled to be close to the phase-change temperature to form a constant temperature section, and the heat is absorbed by the paraffin and stored in the melted paraffin; when the temperature of the drilling fluid is reduced, the melted paraffin is gradually solidified by releasing heat outwards, the drilling fluid is cooled, the phase-change paraffin undergoes two stages of heat absorption and heat release in the process, and the drilling fluid circulates for one week to form a temperature platform;
(3) after the drilling fluid circulates for one week, the phase-change paraffin is separated and recovered through a separation means, and the phase-change paraffin is recycled.
The above scheme further comprises:
the phase-change paraffin is phase-change energy-storage wax, the phase-change temperature is between 60 and 180 ℃, the phase-change latent heat is between 140 and 200J/g, and the particle size is between 0.2 and 0.3 mm.
The synthetic paraffin wax is added with a metal network or metal powder with high heat conductivity.
The drilling fluid is water-based drilling fluid, and the density of the drilling fluid is 1.1-1.6g/cm3。
The water for the drilling fluid is one of fresh water, seawater or mineralization water.
According to the invention, the thermophysical properties of phase change materials such as phase change temperature and phase change latent heat of phase change paraffin are tested through experiments, the particle size rule of the phase change materials is analyzed, the mass fraction of the phase change materials added into a system is adjusted according to the experiment result, the temperature of the system is reduced to 10 ℃, the influence of different phase change paraffins on the rheological property and the filtration loss of drilling fluid is considered, the influence rule of different phase change materials on the rheological property of the drilling fluid is discussed, and the optimal addition of the phase change energy storage materials is obtained.
The phase-change energy-storage paraffin system is a drilling fluid cooling technical system suitable for high-temperature drilling. Paraffin is a commonly used phase change material, which is mainly mixed from straight-chain alkanes. Paraffin has a very desirable heat of fusion but, like many organic phase change materials, has poor thermal conductivity, which can be improved by some means, such as embedding a highly thermally conductive metal network or metal powder in paraffin. Paraffin waxes are generally not too cold and therefore do not normally require the addition of nucleating agents, and have a high crystallization rate and a limited solidification rate due to heat transfer. The paraffin as the phase-change material has the advantages of no supercooling and precipitation phenomenon, stable performance, no toxicity, no corrosiveness and low price; the invention adopts the phase change with the phase change temperature of 60-180 DEG CThe material has the phase change latent heat of 140-200J/g and the density of 920Kg/m3Left and right.
The density of the drilling fluid system applicable to the invention is 1.2-1.6 g/cm3The range is adjustable, and the phase change energy storage material system has the following advantages: (1) phase-change paraffin with a certain particle size range is added into the drilling fluid in a targeted manner, the materials are wrapped and dispersed in the drilling fluid by microcapsules and the like, and the paraffin has the advantages of no supercooling degree, no precipitation phenomenon, stable performance, no toxicity and the like; (2) the phase-change paraffin material has high phase-change latent heat, and the loss of the phase-change latent heat is small in the repeated phase-change process, so that the drilling fluid system has the characteristic of high-temperature cooling; the method (3) cools the drilling fluid through the properties of the phase-change paraffin material, and can spontaneously transfer heat out after circulation, so that the method is a cooling means without external energy; (4) the phase-change material drilling fluid system has the advantages of easily available raw materials, low cost, good compatibility with the conventional drilling fluid additive and convenient field construction.
In a word, the paraffin wax has the advantages of abundant resources, low cost, simple production and construction process, stable performance and convenient use, and is an economic and efficient drilling fluid cooling agent. The invention uses the characteristic that the paraffin absorbs a great deal of heat in the phase change process and has no obvious temperature change to cool the high-temperature drilling fluid, and the phase change paraffin with the mass fraction of 5-10 percent is added, so that the effect of cooling by 10 ℃ can be achieved, the invention can be used for various drilling fluid systems, does not influence the original performance of the drilling fluid, and achieves the purposes of protecting a reservoir stratum, reducing the drilling cost and improving the drilling efficiency and quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a temperature-time cooling and secondary experiment curve (A first temperature-adjusting point, B first temperature-decreasing starting point, C first temperature-decreasing end point, D second temperature-adjusting point, E second temperature-decreasing starting point, F second temperature-decreasing end point) of a 60 ℃ paraffin phase-change material;
FIG. 2 is a temperature time temperature rise curve of a 60 ℃ paraffin phase change material;
FIG. 3 is a wellbore temperature field at a phase transition temperature of 140 deg.C for phase transition paraffin;
FIG. 4 is a temperature-time cooling and secondary experiment curve of a 140 ℃ paraffin phase-change material (A first temperature-adjusting point, B first temperature-decreasing starting point, C first temperature-decreasing end point, D second temperature-adjusting point, E second temperature-decreasing starting point, F second temperature-decreasing end point);
FIG. 5 is a temperature-time temperature-rise curve (temperature adjustment point A, temperature decrease starting point B, and temperature decrease ending point C) of the paraffin phase-change material at 140 ℃.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
(1) Synthesizing phase-change paraffin suitable for cooling the drilling fluid, wherein the phase-change temperature is close to the bottom temperature, and the phase-change latent heat is more than 140J/g.
(2) The paraffin is used as an additive in the drilling fluid, the phase-change paraffin with the mass fraction of 5-20% is added into the drilling fluid to cool the drilling fluid by 5-15 ℃, and the addition of the paraffin phase-change material can be adjusted according to the circulation amount of the drilling fluid or the temperature of a shaft; the temperature of the drilling fluid added with the phase-change paraffin is increased when the drilling fluid circulates underground, when the temperature is increased to the phase-change temperature of the phase-change paraffin, the paraffin is melted and absorbs heat, the temperature is controlled to be close to the phase-change temperature to form a constant temperature section, heat is absorbed by the paraffin and stored in the melted paraffin, when the drilling fluid circulates and returns, the temperature is reduced, the melted paraffin releases heat to the outside and gradually solidifies, the drilling fluid does not need to be cooled by an external cooling source, the phase-change paraffin undergoes two stages of heat absorption and heat release in the process, and a temperature platform appears after the drilling fluid circulates; the drilling fluid returns to the ground, and the phase-change paraffin is separated and recovered by means of separation methods such as a vibrating screen and the like, so that the phase-change paraffin is recycled, and the recovery rate is not less than 75%.
Experimental equipment: the experimental device is a simulated drilling fluid flowing temperature measurement control device, and fluid is pumped into a simulated shaft through a vacuum pump and is discharged from an annulus to flow circularly. The temperature of the simulated shaft is indicated and controlled by the temperature sensor, the pressure control valve is arranged at the annular outlet of the shaft, the pressure can be read by the pressure gauge, and the pressure control valve can regulate and control the pressure to reach a certain value so as to control the pressure by flowing out the drilling fluid.
The experimental method comprises the following steps: the drilling fluid is pumped into equipment for circulation, the heating sleeve is controlled by three sensors, the bottom temperature reaches 180 ℃, the heating sleeve is adjusted at the moment, the bottom temperature is kept at a constant temperature of 180 ℃, the heating sleeve is manually adjusted at the moment, the heating power is kept at a position where the temperature of the heating sleeve is constant, the automatic control program of the temperature sensor is closed, the phase-change material is added into the drilling fluid system, the bottom temperature is measured by the temperature sensor, the temperature is read by a temperature indicator, and the cooling performance is tested.
Example 1: the cooling performance of 60 ℃ phase-change paraffin is added into the high-temperature drilling fluid.
Heating the drilling fluid to 80 ℃ and keeping the temperature constant, adding phase-change paraffin, reducing the temperature of the drilling fluid to be lower than the phase-change temperature of the phase-change paraffin after the phase-change paraffin is completely melted, solidifying the phase-change paraffin, taking out the phase-change paraffin, continuously heating to 80 ℃, and then adding the phase-change paraffin again. As can be seen from the figure 1, after the phase-change paraffin is added into the pure drilling fluid, the temperature of the drilling fluid is reduced, and after the phase-change paraffin is melted, the experiment is repeated, so that the temperature reduction performance of the phase-change paraffin is not influenced.
The phase-change paraffin and the drilling fluid are heated together to obtain a curve as shown in figure 2, and the comparison of the pure drilling fluid and the heating curve of the phase-change paraffin added at 60 ℃ shows that a constant temperature platform can be formed by adding the phase-change paraffin, the temperature is the phase-change temperature of the phase-change paraffin, and the width of the platform is related to the phase-change latent heat of the phase-change paraffin.
Example 2: the effect of the addition of 140 ℃ phase change paraffin on the temperature and performance of the drilling fluid.
Heating the drilling fluid to 180 ℃ and keeping the temperature constant, adding phase-change paraffin, reducing the temperature of the drilling fluid to be lower than the phase-change temperature of the phase-change paraffin after the phase-change paraffin is completely melted, solidifying the phase-change paraffin, taking out the phase-change paraffin, continuously heating to 180 ℃, and then adding the phase-change paraffin again. As can be seen from fig. 4, after the phase-change paraffin is added to the pure drilling fluid, the temperature of the drilling fluid is reduced, and after the phase-change paraffin is melted, the experiment is repeated, so that the temperature reduction performance of the phase-change paraffin is not affected.
The phase-change paraffin and the drilling fluid are heated together to obtain a curve as shown in fig. 5, and the comparison of the pure drilling fluid and the heating curve of the phase-change paraffin added at 60 ℃ shows that a constant temperature platform can be formed by adding the phase-change paraffin, the temperature is the phase-change temperature of the phase-change paraffin, and the width of the platform is related to the phase-change latent heat of the phase-change paraffin.
Comparing the performance change of the drilling fluid before and after the phase-change paraffin is added through a water loss instrument, then dividing the phase-change paraffin into 5%, 8%, 10%, 12% and 15%, adding different contents into the drilling fluid, and measuring the filtration properties of the phase-change paraffin with different addition amounts of the drilling fluid. The rheological property changes of the water-based drilling fluid before and after the phase-change material is added and different phase-change paraffin waxes are added under the rotating speeds of 600 revolutions, 300 revolutions, 200 revolutions, 100 revolutions, 6 revolutions and 3 revolutions measured by a rheometer.
TABLE 1 Effect of the addition of phase-change Paraffin on the rheological Properties of drilling fluids
The phase change materials were added to the drilling fluid base slurry in varying amounts and tested for fluid loss, with the results shown in table 2. As can be seen from table 2, when the phase change paraffin is added, it does not have much influence on the fluid loss capability of the drilling fluid as a whole.
TABLE 2 Effect of the addition of phase-Change Paraffin on drilling fluid loss
Claims (5)
1. A method for regulating and controlling the temperature of drilling fluid based on paraffin materials is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) synthesizing phase-change paraffin suitable for cooling the drilling fluid, wherein the phase-change temperature is close to the bottom temperature, and the latent heat of phase change is more than 140J/g;
(2) phase-change paraffin is used as an additive in the drilling fluid, and the phase-change paraffin accounting for 5-20% of the mass ratio of the drilling fluid is added into the drilling fluid; when the temperature of the drilling fluid added with the phase-change paraffin is increased to the phase-change temperature of the phase-change paraffin, the paraffin is melted to absorb heat, the temperature of the drilling fluid is controlled to be close to the phase-change temperature to form a constant temperature section, and the heat is absorbed by the paraffin and stored in the melted paraffin; when the temperature of the drilling fluid is reduced, the melted paraffin is gradually solidified by releasing heat outwards, the drilling fluid is cooled, the phase-change paraffin undergoes two stages of heat absorption and heat release in the process, and the drilling fluid circulates for one week to form a temperature platform;
(3) after the drilling fluid circulates for one week, the phase-change paraffin is separated and recovered through a separation means, and the phase-change paraffin is recycled.
2. The method for regulating temperature of drilling fluid based on paraffin material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the phase-change paraffin is phase-change energy-storage wax, the phase-change temperature is between 60 and 180 ℃, the phase-change latent heat is between 140 and 200J/g, and the particle size is between 0.2 and 0.3 mm.
3. The method for regulating temperature of drilling fluid based on paraffin material as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the synthetic paraffin wax is added with a metal network or metal powder with high heat conductivity.
4. A method for regulating temperature of drilling fluid based on paraffin material according to claim 1 or 2, 3, characterized in that: the drilling fluid is water-based drilling fluid, and the density of the drilling fluid is 1.1-1.6g/cm3。
5. The method for regulating temperature of drilling fluid based on paraffin material as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the water for the drilling fluid is one of fresh water, seawater or mineralization water.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112781422A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-05-11 | 西南石油大学 | Method for realizing combination of shaft cooling and heat energy utilization by using drilling fluid |
| CN113738306A (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2021-12-03 | 谭艳儒 | Underground phase-change temperature adjusting method and device |
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