CN111893969A - Method for controlling lake region sediment pollution release and blue algae accumulation - Google Patents
Method for controlling lake region sediment pollution release and blue algae accumulation Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B15/00—Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor
- E02B15/04—Devices for cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like floating materials by separating or removing these materials
- E02B15/06—Barriers therefor construed for applying processing agents or for collecting pollutants, e.g. absorbent
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
- E02B3/062—Constructions floating in operational condition, e.g. breakwaters or wave dissipating walls
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for controlling lake region sediment pollution release and blue algae accumulation. Dividing the lake into a plurality of sections according to the requirements of wave dissipation and interception prevention and control, and arranging wave dissipation piles and algae blocking curtain isolation facilities in sections. The method adopts the active wave-eliminating measure to reduce the release of endogenous pollution in the whole lake region and combines the wave-eliminating measure with the algae-stopping measure, thereby reducing the disturbance of the storm to the bottom mud by shortening the blast distance and reducing the pollution of the bottom mud, in particular the release of total phosphorus; meanwhile, the isolation facilities have the function of intercepting the blue-green algae, so that the area of the key prevention and control area for collecting the blue-green algae is greatly reduced, and the concentration of the blue-green algae is reduced in the same proportion. The technical scheme provided by the invention is suitable for lakes with frequent outbreak of blue-green algae, is used for changing the outbreak habitat of the algae and effectively reducing the aggregation degree of the blue-green algae in a specific area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for controlling lake region sediment pollution release and blue algae aggregation, and belongs to the field of water environment protection.
Background
Large-scale blue algae outbreak can cause water quality deterioration, and the oxygen in water is exhausted in serious cases to cause death of fishes in large scale, even to threaten human health. Lake eutrophication is the basic condition for algae outbreak, and the endogenous pollution release of bottom mud is an important source of water body nutrient salt; the blue algae floats upwards vertically and drifts horizontally with the wind are the main reasons for the blue algae gathering.
The common treatment measures mainly comprise: 1. and controlling the pollution of the lake according to the pollution control of the drainage basin where the lake is located. The drainage basin pollution control is necessary, but the process is extremely long and the investment is huge. If the release of endogenous pollution of the bottom mud is not considered, the eutrophication condition of the water body is difficult to improve fundamentally in a long period of time; 2. and (5) large-scale water regulation and drainage. The measure has a plurality of controlled factors and complex ecological environment influence; 3. planting aquatic plants and the like. The technology is limited by objective conditions such as wind waves, water depth and the like; 4. an algae blocking curtain is arranged. The interception effect is poor under the influence of wind and waves; 5. the blue algae itself is removed or inhibited by physical, chemical, biological methods, and the like. The manual algae fishing is the most direct physical mode for controlling the total amount of the blue algae, and can effectively reduce the local water bloom disasters. The method has the advantages of large engineering quantity, high cost and low efficiency. The chemical treatment method controls the mass propagation of algae by applying chemical agents (such as copper sulfate, potassium permanganate and the like), but is easy to cause secondary pollution. The biological treatment method utilizes microorganisms or aquatic plants to inhibit the mass propagation of algae, and the method is still in the starting stage and has certain limitation on the applicability and treatment effect of the applied water body.
More theoretical researches are carried out on the relationship between the storm wave in the lake region and the pollution release of the bottom mud. When the wave level is higher, the water body is caused to vibrate violently, the sludge layer at the bottom of the lake is stirred, and TP and other nutrient-rich substances which are beneficial to the growth of blue-green algae in the bottom sludge are released. The size of the lake area waves is mainly related to the blowing distance besides the wind power, and the larger the blowing distance is, the higher the wave grade is. The wave eliminating measures at home and abroad are mainly used for protecting the structural safety of a specific structure, the protection range is limited, and the investment is huge. Although the application case of the algae blocking curtain for blocking the blue-green algae exists at present, the algae blocking effect and the structural stability of the algae blocking facility are greatly influenced by wind and waves.
Therefore, the method of adopting active wave-breaking measures to reduce the release of endogenous pollution in the whole lake region and combining the wave-breaking measures with the algae-stopping measures has very important significance and application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior technical scheme for controlling the blue algae aggregation in the lake area, the invention provides the method for controlling the lake area bottom sediment pollution release and the blue algae aggregation, which can effectively reduce the blue algae aggregation degree in a specific area, has low cost and convenient construction. The method is suitable for lakes with frequent outbreak of blue algae, and is used for changing the habitat of the outbreak of the algae.
The technical scheme for realizing the aim of the invention is to provide a method for controlling the pollution release of lake sediment and the accumulation of blue algae, which comprises the following steps:
(1) taking the area with high phosphorus content in the sediment of the lake region as a wave-dissipating key area;
(2) one or any one of a drinking water source protection area, an ecological sensitive area, a tourist sightseeing area and a lake area near a residential living area is taken as a key prevention and control area;
(3) dividing the lake into a plurality of sections according to a rose diagram, a wave-dissipating key area and a key prevention and control area, and laying isolation facilities in sections to obtain an isolation facility arrangement scheme for controlling the pollution release of lake bottom mud and the accumulation of blue-green algae;
(4) installing isolation facilities according to regions, wherein the isolation facilities comprise wave-dissipating piles and algae-blocking curtains;
when the wave-dissipating key area is the central area of the lake area, the arranged isolation facilities are wave-dissipating row piles which are arranged in a criss-cross manner;
in the key prevention and control area, isolation facilities arranged in the near-shore area are wave-dissipating piles and an algae-blocking curtain, the wave-dissipating piles are arranged at the position 50-100 m away from the periphery of the key prevention and control area, the algae-blocking curtain is arranged at the downwind side of the wave-dissipating piles, and the distance between the wave-dissipating piles and the algae-blocking curtain is 10-20 m;
the wave dissipation row piles comprise fixed piles, surrounding purlins, mao bamboo piles and connecting bolts; the bottom end of the fixed pile is embedded into a riverbed, and the top end of the fixed pile is higher than the normal water level of the lake; enclosing purlins are arranged on two sides of the fixing pile, the height of each enclosing purlin is located at the normal water level of the lake, and the fixing pile and the enclosing purlins are fixed through connecting bolts to form a frame standing in the lake; arranging a plurality of moso bamboo piles in sequence in a frame between adjacent fixed piles, embedding the bottom ends of the moso bamboo piles into the position 40-60 cm below a riverbed to form fixed ends, and limiting the upper ends of the moso bamboo piles between two surrounding purlins to form a sliding support;
the algae blocking curtain comprises a fixed pile, curtain cloth, a float belt and a sinker belt; the bottom end of the fixed pile is embedded into a riverbed; the cloth is made of non-woven geotextile with two density structures, the upper part and the lower part are of integral structures, the upper part is rubber-coated geotextile, namely impermeable cloth, the height of the cloth is larger than the thickness of a water layer for blue algae growth, the lower part is permeable geotextile, the top of the cloth is tied with a float belt, and the bottom is tied with a sink belt; the floater belt is fixed on the upper portion of the fixing pile, the sinker belt is fixed on the lower portion of the fixing pile, the height of the upper end of the algae blocking curtain is located at the normal water level of the lake, and the height of the bottom of the algae blocking curtain is 10-20 cm higher than that of the lake bottom.
The fixed pile is a steel pipe pile or a concrete pile, and the depth of the fixed pile embedded into a riverbed is 1.5-2 times of the water depth.
Research shows that lake eutrophication is the basic condition for algae outbreak, and the endogenous pollution release of sediment is an important source of water body nutrient salt; the blue algae floats upwards vertically and drifts horizontally with the wind are the main reasons for the blue algae gathering. The principle of the invention is as follows: the method of adopting active wave-eliminating measures to reduce the release of endogenous pollution in the whole lake area and combining wave-eliminating measures with algae-stopping measures is adopted to divide the lake into a plurality of relatively isolated cells, so that the wave blowing range can be effectively shortened, the disturbance of the waves to the bottom mud is reduced, and the pollution release of the bottom mud, particularly the release of total phosphorus, is reduced; the isolation facilities have the function of intercepting the blue-green algae, so that the area of the collected algae in a key prevention and control area is greatly reduced, and the concentration of the blue-green algae is reduced in the same proportion with the reduction of the area of the collected algae. Meanwhile, the tighter the wave dissipation piles are arranged, the better the wave dissipation effect is, and the higher the wind wave pressure is; the larger the rigidity of the wave dissipation pile is, the larger the wind wave pressure is, therefore, the wave dissipation piling bar of the rigid-flexible mixed structure formed by closely arranging the wave dissipation piles is composed of fixed piles (such as steel pipe piles or reinforced concrete piles), surrounding purlins, mao bamboo piles and connecting bolts, the mechanical properties of the materials with high strength of the steel pipe piles and good toughness of the mao bamboo piles can be fully exerted, the wind wave resistance of the structure is enhanced, the good wave dissipation effect is achieved, and the economy and the construction convenience of the wave dissipation piling bar can be enhanced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. aiming at the growth environment of the blue algae and the process of forming the water bloom by the blue algae aggregation, the pollution release of the lake region bottom mud is controlled, and the blue algae aggregation is also controlled;
2. the wave dissipation row pile has good wave dissipation effect, high structural safety, low manufacturing cost and convenient construction;
3. the algae blocking curtain arranged after wave dissipation can greatly improve the intercepting efficiency and is convenient to salvage and collect;
4. the environmental sensitive area is protected in a targeted manner, so that the area of the area for collecting the blue algae is greatly reduced, and the concentration of the blue algae is reduced in the same proportion;
5. has little influence on the hydrological conditions, the ecological environment and the landscape appearance of the lake region.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of a wave-dissipating row pile according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic top view of a wave-dissipating row pile according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a connection structure of a fixing pile and a purlin of the wave-dissipating row pile provided by the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic front view of an algae-blocking curtain according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of the arrangement of the wave-dissipating piles and the algae-blocking curtains in the lake area obtained by the method for controlling the pollution release of the lake sediment and the accumulation of blue algae according to the embodiment of the invention;
in the figure, 1, a surrounding purlin; 2. fixing the pile; 3. a moso bamboo pile; 4. a connecting bolt; 5. a water line; 6. a riverbed; 7. a float belt; 8. waterproof cloth; 9. a water permeable cloth; 10. sinking the belt; 11. wave-dissipating piling; 12. the algae blocking curtain is combined with the wave dissipation row pile; 13. wind direction rose diagram; 14. a central business area; 15. a blue algae accumulation area; 16. traveling sightseeing areas; 17. residential living areas.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the drawings and the embodiment.
Example 1
The embodiment takes an urban scenic spot as an example, and provides a method for controlling the pollution release of lake sediment and the accumulation of blue-green algae.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a schematic front view structure and a schematic top view structure of the wave-dissipating campshed are provided in this embodiment, respectively; in this embodiment, the row's of unrestrained row stake that disappears adopts the bamboo steel construction, including spud pile 2, purlin 1, mao bamboo stake 3 and connecting bolt 4, the spud pile is the steel-pipe pile, also can be reinforced concrete pile. The concrete structure is as follows: a plurality of moso bamboo piles 3 are loosely arranged between the adjacent fixed piles 2 in sequence, and the space between every two adjacent moso bamboo piles is loose, namely, the moso bamboo piles are allowed to have certain left-right sliding displacement in the enclosing purlin; the bottom ends of the fixing piles and the bamboo piles are respectively embedded into a riverbed 6, and the top ends of the fixing piles and the bamboo piles are higher than the water level line 5 of the normal water level of the lake; enclosing purlins 1 are respectively arranged on two sides of the fixing piles and the wool bamboo piles, the height of each enclosing purlin is the water level line of the normal water level of the lake, the fixing piles and the enclosing purlins are fixed through connecting bolts 4, the enclosing purlins and adjacent fixing piles form a frame which is erected in the lake, and the depth of each fixing pile embedded into the riverbed is 1.5-2 times of the water depth; the bottom end of the moso bamboo pile is embedded into the position, 40-60 cm below a river bed to form a fixed end, the upper end of the moso bamboo pile is limited in a frame between two surrounding purlins to form a sliding support, namely the surrounding purlins only limit the front and back displacement of the moso bamboo pile, and the moso bamboo pile is allowed to have certain sliding displacement in the left and right directions.
Referring to fig. 3, it is a schematic view of a connection structure between a fixing pile and a purlin of the wave-dissipating row pile provided in this embodiment; the surrounding purlin 1 can be made of channel steel and other materials; and fixing the fixing pile 2 and the surrounding purlin 1 by adopting a connecting bolt 4.
The wave dissipation campshed that this embodiment provided demonstrates that steel pipe intensity is high, the good material mechanical properties of mao bamboo toughness, has both strengthened the anti-wind and wave ability of structure itself, reaches fine wave dissipation effect again, still can strengthen the economic nature of wave dissipation campshed and the convenience of construction.
Referring to fig. 4, it is a schematic view of the structure of the algae-blocking curtain according to this embodiment; the algae blocking curtain consists of curtain cloth, a floater belt 7, a sinker belt 10 and a fixing pile 2; the upper part of the cloth is the waterproof cloth 8 which is the geotextile with glue, the height of the waterproof cloth is larger than the thickness of a water layer for normal growth of blue algae and is generally 70-90 cm, the lower part of the cloth is the waterproof cloth 9, the top of the cloth is tied with a float belt 7, and the bottom of the cloth is tied with a sink belt 10; the float belt is made of a steel wire rope stringing a hollow cavity plastic and other floats; the sinker belt is made of a steel wire rope for stringing iron blocks and other heavy objects; the positioning pile can be a steel pipe pile, a concrete pile and the like, the upper part of the positioning pile is tied with a float belt, and the lower part of the positioning pile is tied with a sinking strap. The height of the upper end of the algae blocking curtain is arranged at the water level line 5 of the normal water level of the lake, and the height of the bottom of the algae blocking curtain can be generally 10-20 cm higher than that of the lake bottom; the material and installation of the fixed pile are the same as those of the wave dissipation row pile.
The isolation facilities are arranged according to requirements and can be wave-dissipating piles and algae-blocking curtains combined wave-dissipating piles; the algae blocking curtain is arranged on the downwind side of the wave dissipation row pile and is 10-20 m away from the row pile, so that the working ship can conveniently perform cleaning and maintenance operation.
The method for controlling the lake area bottom sediment pollution release and blue algae accumulation provided by the embodiment comprises the following specific steps:
1. and determining a wave-eliminating key area. The lake area with high sediment phosphorus content is the key area for wave dissipation;
2. and determining a key prevention and control area. Investigating and determining areas such as drinking water source protection areas, ecological sensitive areas, tourist sightseeing areas, lake areas near residential areas and the like, wherein the areas are key prevention and control areas;
3. according to the wind rose diagram, the wave-eliminating key area and the key prevention and control area, the plane layout of the isolation facilities is arranged comprehensively, and the wave-eliminating effect and the interception prevention and control effect are considered; and the plane layout of the isolation facilities can be further adjusted and optimized according to basic conditions and limiting conditions of islands in the lake region, biological channels, traffic channels and the like.
The isolation facilities comprise wave-dissipating piles and algae-blocking curtains. Research shows that the more closely the wave dissipation piles are arranged, the better the wave dissipation effect is, and the larger the wind wave pressure is; the larger the rigidity of the wave-breaking pile is, the larger the wind wave pressure is. The invention relates to a wave dissipation row pile which is formed by tightly arranging wave dissipation piles into a rigid-flexible mixed structure and consists of steel pipe piles (or reinforced concrete piles), purlins, bamboo piles and connecting bolts. The mechanical properties of the material with high strength of the steel pipe pile and good toughness of the moso bamboo pile are fully exerted, the wind and wave resistance of the structure is enhanced, the good wave dissipation effect is achieved, and the economical efficiency and the construction convenience of the wave dissipation row pile can be enhanced.
Referring to the attached figure 5, it is a schematic plan layout view of the wave-dissipating piles and algae-blocking curtains in the lake area obtained by the method for controlling the pollution release of the lake sediment and the accumulation of blue algae provided by the embodiment; taking a certain urban scenic spot as an example, four key prevention and control areas such as a tourist sightseeing area 16, a central business area 14, a residential living area 17, a blue algae gathering area 15 and the like are determined by investigating the surrounding environment of a lake area of the scenic spot. According to the wind direction rose diagram 13, the wave eliminating key area (the whole lake wave eliminating in the embodiment) and the key prevention and control area, the plane layout of the isolation facilities is arranged comprehensively, the wave eliminating effect and the interception protection effect are considered, and the isolation facility wave eliminating row piles 11 and the algae blocking curtain combined wave eliminating row piles 12 are respectively arranged according to needs. In this embodiment, the isolation facilities are arranged in sections in the near-shore area and the central area of four key prevention and control areas in the lake region to form a plurality of cells; the central area isolation facilities are provided with wave dissipation row piles 11 which are arranged in a crisscross manner; the isolation facility in the near shore area of the key prevention and control area is formed by combining an algae blocking curtain with a wave dissipation row pile 12, the isolation facility comprises the wave dissipation row pile and the algae blocking curtain, the wave dissipation row pile is arranged at the periphery of the key prevention and control area by 50-100 m, and the algae blocking curtain is arranged on the downwind side of the wave dissipation row pile and is about 20m away from the row pile.
And adjusting and optimizing the plane layout of the isolation facilities according to basic conditions and limiting conditions of the lake island, the biological channel, the traffic channel and the like, and then installing the isolation facilities according to the region. According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment, after practical application, the blue algae concentration degree in a key prevention and control area can be reduced by 90%, and the maximum blowing range of wind waves is reduced from 4km to 1 km.
Claims (2)
1. A method for controlling the pollution release of lake sediment and the accumulation of blue algae is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) taking the area with high phosphorus content in the sediment of the lake region as a wave-dissipating key area;
(2) one or any one of a drinking water source protection area, an ecological sensitive area, a tourist sightseeing area and a lake area near a residential living area is taken as a key prevention and control area;
(3) dividing the lake into a plurality of sections according to a rose diagram, a wave-dissipating key area and a key prevention and control area, and laying isolation facilities in sections to obtain an isolation facility arrangement scheme for controlling the pollution release of lake bottom mud and the accumulation of blue-green algae;
(4) installing isolation facilities according to regions, wherein the isolation facilities comprise wave-dissipating piles and algae-blocking curtains;
when the wave-dissipating key area is the central area of the lake area, the arranged isolation facilities are wave-dissipating row piles which are arranged in a criss-cross manner;
in the key prevention and control area, isolation facilities arranged in the near-shore area are wave-dissipating piles and an algae-blocking curtain, the wave-dissipating piles are arranged at the position 50-100 m away from the periphery of the key prevention and control area, the algae-blocking curtain is arranged at the downwind side of the wave-dissipating piles, and the distance between the wave-dissipating piles and the algae-blocking curtain is 10-20 m;
the wave dissipation row pile comprises a fixed pile (2), a surrounding purlin (1), a moso bamboo pile (3) and a connecting bolt (4); the bottom end of the fixed pile (2) is embedded into a riverbed, and the top end is higher than the normal water level of the lake; enclosing purlins (1) are arranged on two sides of the fixing pile, the height of each enclosing purlin is positioned at the normal water level of the lake, and the fixing pile and the enclosing purlins are fixed through connecting bolts (4) to form a frame standing in the lake; a plurality of moso bamboo piles (3) are sequentially arranged in the frame between every two adjacent fixing piles, the bottom ends of the moso bamboo piles are embedded into the position 40-60 cm below the riverbed to form fixing ends, and the upper ends of the moso bamboo piles are limited between the two surrounding purlins to form sliding supports;
the algae blocking curtain comprises a fixed pile (2), curtain cloth, a float belt (7) and a sinker belt (10); the bottom end of the fixed pile (2) is embedded into a riverbed; the cloth is made of non-woven geotextile with an upper structure and a lower structure, the upper part and the lower part are of integral structures, the upper part is rubber-coated geotextile, namely impermeable cloth (8), the height of the cloth is larger than the thickness of a water layer for blue algae growth, the lower part is permeable geotextile (9), the top of the cloth is tied with a float band (7), and the bottom is tied with a sink band (10); the floater belt is fixed on the upper portion of the fixing pile, the sinker belt is fixed on the lower portion of the fixing pile, the height of the upper end of the algae blocking curtain is located at the normal water level of the lake, and the height of the bottom of the algae blocking curtain is 10-20 cm higher than that of the lake bottom.
2. The method for controlling the release of the lake sediment pollution and the accumulation of blue algae according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fixed pile is a steel pipe pile or a concrete pile, and the depth of the fixed pile embedded into the riverbed is 1.5-2 times of the water depth.
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| CN202010712551.6A CN111893969A (en) | 2020-07-22 | 2020-07-22 | Method for controlling lake region sediment pollution release and blue algae accumulation |
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| CN202010712551.6A CN111893969A (en) | 2020-07-22 | 2020-07-22 | Method for controlling lake region sediment pollution release and blue algae accumulation |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115288094A (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2022-11-04 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Facility for preventing blue algae disaster at water intake of eutrophic lake water source |
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| CN101027955A (en) * | 2007-04-04 | 2007-09-05 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Biological environment improvement for vertical strong storm bank by lake |
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| US20050271470A1 (en) * | 2004-06-03 | 2005-12-08 | Rytand David H | Wave-attenuating system |
| CN101027955A (en) * | 2007-04-04 | 2007-09-05 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Biological environment improvement for vertical strong storm bank by lake |
| CN102587317A (en) * | 2012-02-02 | 2012-07-18 | 南京大学 | Composite ecological component for weakening waves and controlling, stopping and guiding algae, manufacturing method and application thereof |
| CN104179149A (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2014-12-03 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 | Wave dissipating method for improving basic environment of large shallow lake |
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| CN115288094A (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2022-11-04 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Facility for preventing blue algae disaster at water intake of eutrophic lake water source |
| CN115288094B (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2023-06-20 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Facility for preventing blue algae disasters at water intake of eutrophic lake water source site |
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