CN111893771B - Anti-felting finishing method for wool fabric - Google Patents
Anti-felting finishing method for wool fabric Download PDFInfo
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- CN111893771B CN111893771B CN202010753379.9A CN202010753379A CN111893771B CN 111893771 B CN111893771 B CN 111893771B CN 202010753379 A CN202010753379 A CN 202010753379A CN 111893771 B CN111893771 B CN 111893771B
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- felting
- wool fabric
- finishing
- finishing agent
- felting finishing
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- 238000010006 anti-felting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- UWJJYHHHVWZFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCC(O)O UWJJYHHHVWZFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007730 finishing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000648 calcium alginate Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000010410 calcium alginate Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229960002681 calcium alginate Drugs 0.000 abstract description 4
- OKHHGHGGPDJQHR-YMOPUZKJSA-L calcium;(2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6r)-2-carboxy-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6r)-2-carboxylato-4,5,6-trihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Ca+2].O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H](C([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O2)C([O-])=O)O)[C@H](C(O)=O)O1 OKHHGHGGPDJQHR-YMOPUZKJSA-L 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000009950 felting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102000011782 Keratins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010076876 Keratins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007519 polyprotic acids Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/564—Polyureas, polyurethanes or other polymers having ureide or urethane links; Precondensation products forming them
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/07—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof
- D06M11/11—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof with halogen acids or salts thereof
- D06M11/155—Halides of elements of Groups 2 or 12 of the Periodic Table
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/144—Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
- D06M13/148—Polyalcohols, e.g. glycerol or glucose
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/184—Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
- D06M13/192—Polycarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/184—Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
- D06M13/207—Substituted carboxylic acids, e.g. by hydroxy or keto groups; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
- D06M15/03—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
- D06M15/13—Alginic acid or derivatives thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/02—Natural fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/10—Animal fibres
- D06M2101/12—Keratin fibres or silk
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
- D06M2200/45—Shrinking resistance, anti-felting properties
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
- D06M2200/50—Modified hand or grip properties; Softening compositions
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-felting finishing method of wool fabric, which comprises the following steps: s1, preparing an acidic anti-felting finishing agent, wherein the raw materials of the anti-felting finishing agent comprise aqueous polyurethane emulsion, sodium alginate, calcium chloride, a multi-element pH regulator and water, and the calcium chloride is slowly added into a solution containing the aqueous polyurethane emulsion and the sodium alginate; s2, adding a polyurethane cross-linking agent into the anti-felting finishing agent, padding and finishing the wool fabric by using the anti-felting finishing agent, pre-drying to dryness, and then baking to obtain the anti-felting wool fabric. In the anti-felting finishing method of the wool fabric, firstly, polyacid is adopted to promote the reaction of the waterborne polyurethane and calcium alginate, and then the waterborne polyurethane and the calcium alginate are simultaneously finished on the surface of the wool fabric fiber to form a film, so that the obtained fabric has good hand feeling and anti-felting performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wool fabric production, in particular to an anti-felting finishing method of wool fabric.
Background
The anti-felting finishing of the wool fabric is divided into subtractive finishing and additive finishing according to the weight change of the fabric before and after finishing, wherein the additive finishing is to padding finishing wool fabric by adopting finishing liquid containing polyurethane resin or wool keratin and the like, a polyurethane layer is covered on the surface of the wool fiber, a polyurethane resin adhesion structure is formed between the fibers, the relative positions of the wool fiber are fixed, and the slip tendency among the wool fiber when the wool fabric is taken or cleaned is weakened.
In the prior art, the finishing liquid contains chitosan besides waterborne polyurethane, and the main purpose of the finishing liquid is to form a fiber surface film layer with better hand feeling and anti-felting performance by using the chitosan, as described in CN 108755142A. How to improve the hand feeling of the wool fabric after polyurethane finishing is one of the technical problems to be solved by the technicians in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide an anti-felting finishing method for wool fabric, which optimizes the hand feeling of the anti-felting wool fabric.
In order to achieve the technical effects, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an anti-felting finishing method for wool fabric, comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing an acidic anti-felting finishing agent, wherein the raw materials of the anti-felting finishing agent comprise aqueous polyurethane emulsion, sodium alginate, calcium chloride, a multi-element pH value regulator and water, and the calcium chloride is slowly added into a solution containing the aqueous polyurethane emulsion and the sodium alginate;
s2, adding a polyurethane cross-linking agent into the anti-felting finishing agent, padding and finishing the wool fabric by using the anti-felting finishing agent, pre-drying to dryness, and then baking to obtain the anti-felting wool fabric.
The preferable technical scheme is that the anti-felting finishing agent comprises, by weight, 10-25 parts of aqueous polyurethane emulsion, 0.5-4 parts of sodium alginate, 0.8-5 parts of polyurethane cross-linking agent and 80 parts of water, wherein the solid content of the aqueous polyurethane emulsion is 30-40%.
The preferable technical proposal is that the molar ratio of the calcium chloride to sodium ions in the sodium alginate is (1.1-1.3): 1.
the preferable technical scheme is that the polyurethane cross-linking agent is one or a combination of more than two selected from pentanediol, glycerol and pentaerythritol.
The preferable technical scheme is that the pH value of the anti-felting finishing agent is 3.5-5.5.
The preferable technical proposal is that the pre-baking temperature is 90-100 ℃, and the baking temperature is 130-140 ℃.
The preferable technical scheme is that the multi-element pH regulator is at least one of citric acid, malonic acid and succinic acid.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
in the anti-felting finishing method of the wool fabric, firstly, polyacid is adopted to promote the reaction of the waterborne polyurethane and calcium alginate, and then the waterborne polyurethane and the calcium alginate are simultaneously finished on the surface of the wool fabric fiber to form a film, so that the obtained fabric has good hand feeling and anti-felting performance.
Detailed Description
The following describes the invention in further detail with reference to examples. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The wool fabric is subjected to anti-felting finishing, and the specification of the wool fabric is as follows: 100% white worsted fabric, fabric source: jiangsu sunshine group.
The water-based polyurethane finishing agent adopts a terminal polyurethane finishing agent, and is manufactured by China chemical industry Co., ltd;
example 1
Example 1 a method of anti-felting finishing of wool fabric comprises the steps of:
s1, preparing an acidic anti-felting finishing agent, uniformly mixing a polyurethane finishing agent, sodium alginate, a polybasic acid-pH regulator and water, then dropwise adding a calcium chloride solution into the mixed solution, finally, regulating the pH value of citric acid of the anti-felting finishing agent to 3.5 by using polybasic acid, and fully stirring for reaction;
s2: and adding glycerol into the anti-felting finishing agent, padding and finishing the wool fabric by using the anti-felting finishing agent, pre-drying, and then baking to obtain the anti-felted wool fabric.
The pH value of the anti-felting finishing agent is 3.5; the anti-felting finishing agent comprises, by weight, 15 parts of aqueous polyurethane emulsion, 0.5 part of sodium alginate, 5 parts of polyurethane cross-linking agent and 80 parts of water, wherein the solid content of the aqueous polyurethane emulsion is 40%; the molar ratio of the calcium chloride to sodium ions in the sodium alginate is 1.1:1, a step of; padding finishing bath ratio is 1:25, padding is carried out twice, padding residual rate is 80%, pre-baking temperature is 95-100 ℃, baking temperature is 135-140 ℃, and baking time is 90s.
Example 2
Example 2 is based on example 1, except that the anti-felting finish has a pH of 5 and the pH adjustor is succinic acid.
Example 3
Example 3 is based on example 1, except that the composition of the anti-felting finishing agent is 25 parts by weight of aqueous polyurethane emulsion, 4 parts by weight of sodium alginate, 1.5 parts by weight of polyurethane crosslinking agent pentanediol and 80 parts by weight of water, and the solid content of the aqueous polyurethane emulsion is 40%;
example 4
Example 4 is based on example 1, with the difference that the molar ratio of calcium chloride to sodium ions in sodium alginate is 1.3:1, a step of;
example 5
Example 5 is based on example 1, except that the pre-baking temperature is 90 to 100 ℃, the baking temperature is 120 to 125 ℃, and the baking time is 150s.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 is based on example 1, except that the anti-felting finish comprises only end-capping polyurethane finish, the content of polyurethane finish in the anti-felting finish being the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2 is an unfinished wool fabric.
Felting rate: wool fabric was washed 3 times according to the washing standard of the international wool office TM31 wool textile product, area shrinkage (%) = (area before washing-area after washing)/area before washing 100%.
Weight gain rate: the wool fabric before and after treatment was weighed, and the wool fabric weight gain rate = (weight after wool fabric finish-weight before wool fabric finish)/weight before wool fabric finish was 100%.
According to ZBW04003-1987, "method for testing fabric stiffness by inclined cantilever method", the slide-out length of a sample on an inclined surface bench, which means that the sample is extended from the platform portion and sags due to bending by the dead weight, is measured as follows:
1. the felting rates of examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-2 were respectively: 4.38%, 4.17%, 3.85%, 3.97%, 4.42%, 9.75%, 19.73%;
2. the weight gain rates for examples 1-5 and comparative example 1 were: 7.19%, 7.03%, 8.37%, 7.91%, 6.98%, 5.45%;
3. the slide-out lengths of examples 1-5 and comparative example 1 were respectively: 25.8mm, 26.1mm, 26.4mm, 26.6mm, 25.7mm, 25.1mm, 23.7mm.
The test results of the above examples and comparative examples show that the addition of sodium alginate to the anti-felting finish of wool fabric helps to increase the weight gain, felting rate and slip-off length of the wool fabric; too low a baking temperature is not beneficial to ensuring the finishing effect.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. An anti-felting finishing process for wool fabrics, comprising the steps of:
s1, preparing an acidic anti-felting finishing agent, wherein the raw materials of the anti-felting finishing agent comprise aqueous polyurethane emulsion, sodium alginate, calcium chloride, a multi-element pH value regulator and water, and the calcium chloride is slowly added into a solution containing the aqueous polyurethane emulsion and the sodium alginate;
s2, adding a polyurethane cross-linking agent into the anti-felting finishing agent, padding and finishing the wool fabric by using the anti-felting finishing agent, pre-drying to dryness, and then baking to obtain the anti-felting wool fabric;
the anti-felting finishing agent comprises, by weight, 10-25 parts of aqueous polyurethane emulsion, 0.5-4 parts of sodium alginate, 0.8-5 parts of polyurethane cross-linking agent and 80 parts of water, wherein the solid content of the aqueous polyurethane emulsion is 30-40%;
the molar ratio of the calcium chloride to sodium ions in the sodium alginate is (1.1-1.3): 1, a step of; the pH value of the anti-felting finishing agent is 3.5-5.5, the pre-baking temperature is 90-100 ℃, and the baking temperature is 130-140 ℃.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the polyurethane cross-linking agent is one or a combination of more than two selected from the group consisting of pentanediol, glycerol, and pentaerythritol.
3. The method for anti-felting finishing of wool fabric according to claim 1, wherein the multi-element ph regulator is at least one of citric acid, malonic acid and succinic acid.
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JPH11335965A (en) * | 1998-05-22 | 1999-12-07 | Ko Futamura | Prevention of wool from felting, and pattern formation |
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