Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a method and equipment for grinding a biconical cubic boron nitride superhard cutter.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a double-cone type cubic boron nitride superhard cutter grinding device comprises a carbon mould, a flat grinding conical pore plate and a small cone grinding excircle clamp, wherein the carbon mould is of a rotary groove type structure, the lower end of the inner wall of the circumference of the carbon mould is provided with a conical surface, and the taper of the conical surface is consistent with the taper of the small conical surface of a workpiece;
the flat grinding conical orifice plate is of a flat plate structure, a plurality of groups of penetrating assembling holes are arrayed on the surface of the flat grinding conical orifice plate, a conical surface is arranged at an opening at the upper end of each assembling hole, the conical surface taper of each assembling hole is consistent with the taper of a large conical surface of a workpiece, the diameters of the upper end openings of the assembling holes are consistent, and the diameter of the upper end opening of each assembling hole is between the diameter of the minimum section and the diameter of the maximum section of the large conical surface of the workpiece;
grind awl excircle anchor clamps and include centre gripping position, customization lead screw and customization awl cap, the centre gripping position sets up the screw hole that runs through, the customization lead screw passes through screw-thread fit and installs in the screw hole at centre gripping position, the coaxial fixed mounting at the relative centre gripping position of customization awl cap, the inside through hole that sets up of customization awl cap, the through hole upper end opening part of customization awl cap sets up the conical surface, conical surface tapering is unanimous with the big conical surface tapering of work piece, just opening cross-section is less than the maximum cross-section of work piece on the through hole, through hole lower extreme opening cross-section is greater than the maximum cross-section of work piece, the upper end cross-section of customization lead screw is less than the maximum cross-section of work piece.
Also provides a grinding method of the biconical cubic boron nitride superhard cutter, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the carbon mold is manufactured, a graphite carbon plate is adopted to cut the outer wall of the carbon mold, and an engraving machine is adopted to engrave the inner wall of a groove of the carbon mold, so that the conical taper of the lower end of the inner wall of the groove is consistent with the small conical taper of a workpiece;
step two: firing the blank, namely placing the carbon mold filled with the raw materials into high-temperature and high-pressure equipment for firing;
step three: roughly grinding the large conical surface, grinding the large conical surface of the workpiece on an outer circular grinding machine by using a diamond rough grinding wheel, and reserving the accurate grinding size of the large conical surface to be 15-20 wires after rough grinding;
step four: grinding the end part of the large conical surface, namely turning the workpiece and fixing the workpiece in an assembly hole of a flat grinding conical hole plate to ensure that the large conical surface after coarse grinding is in close contact with the conical surface of the assembly hole, and placing the flat grinding conical hole plate with the workpiece on a flat grinding machine for grinding until the end part of the large conical surface is ground until the thickness of the workpiece is consistent with the required thickness;
step five: fine grinding the large conical surface, and grinding the large conical surface of the workpiece obtained in the step five by using a diamond fine grinding wheel on the cylindrical grinder again until the taper and the finish degree of the large conical surface meet the requirements;
step six: and (3) grinding a small conical surface, namely putting the workpiece obtained in the step six into the customized conical cap from the bottom of the customized conical cap, enabling the large conical surface of the workpiece to be in contact installation with the conical surface of the customized conical cap, enabling the upper end of the large conical surface of the workpiece to extend out of the through hole of the customized conical cap, rotating the customized lead screw, enabling the upper end of the customized lead screw to tightly prop against the lower end surface of the workpiece, and grinding the small conical surface on a universal tool grinder until the height of the waist line between the small conical surface and the large conical surface is consistent with the required height.
And as a preferred technical scheme of the invention, after the second step is finished, the small conical tip is subjected to flat grinding, and the end part of the small conical surface of the workpiece is ground on a plane grinder, so that the thickness difference of the workpiece is not more than 5 filaments.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, after step six, chamfering the large conical surface is performed, and chamfering an edge with an angle of 20 ° at the lower end of the large conical surface on the chamfering machine.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: because the blank with the same shape as the finished product is adopted, the grinding allowance is greatly reduced, the consumption of the grinding wheel and the grinding time are reduced, and the efficiency and the benefit are improved. Because the blank allowance of the conical surface is removed by adopting the conical hole positioning, the axis of the large cone and the conical surface have better verticality; because the large taper hole and the large taper surface are used as reference points to remove the side margin of the small taper part, the axis of the small taper and the axis of the large taper are superposed and perpendicular to the large taper surface. Compared with the traditional blank and grinding process, the grinding allowance is reduced by 60%, the grinding wheel consumption is reduced by 40%, the efficiency is improved by 25%, the yield is improved by 20%, and the grinding quality of the product is stable and reliable.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-5, the present invention provides a technical solution: a biconical cubic boron nitride superhard cutter grinding method and equipment design a blank with a specific shape according to the shape of a workpiece, formulate a determined grinding process, reduce grinding allowance, increase grinding precision, improve processing efficiency and effectively solve the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a biconical type cubic boron nitride superhard cutter grinding device comprises a carbon mould 1, a flat grinding conical hole plate 2 and a small cone grinding excircle clamp 3, wherein the carbon mould 1 is of a rotary groove type structure, the lower end of the circumferential inner wall of the carbon mould 1 is provided with a conical surface, and the taper of the conical surface is consistent with the taper of a small conical surface of a workpiece;
the carbon mould 1 is carved by a graphite carbon plate, the graphite carbon plate has the characteristics of wear resistance, temperature resistance, pressure resistance, corrosion resistance, creep resistance, oil-free self lubrication, small expansion coefficient, excellent sealing property and the like, and the self shrinkage rate is small when the graphite carbon plate is fired at high temperature and high pressure, so that the consistency of blank pieces is easily ensured;
meanwhile, the inner cavity in the carbon die 1 is close to the final shape of the workpiece, which is beneficial to reducing the grinding allowance, reducing the abrasion of the diamond cutter and shortening the grinding time;
the flat grinding conical orifice plate 2 is of a flat plate structure, a plurality of groups of penetrating assembling holes are arrayed on the surface of the flat grinding conical orifice plate 2, a conical surface is arranged at an opening at the upper end of each assembling hole, the conical surface taper of each assembling hole is consistent with the taper of a large conical surface of a workpiece, the diameter of the opening at the upper end of each assembling hole is consistent, and the diameter of the opening at the upper end of each assembling hole is between the diameter of the minimum section and the diameter of the maximum section of the large conical surface of the workpiece;
the conical surface at the upper end of the assembling hole is used as a positioning surface and is in contact positioning with the large conical surface of the workpiece, the end surface of the large conical surface is subjected to flat grinding, the perpendicularity of the axis of the large conical surface and the end surface is favorably ensured, and the machining precision is favorably improved;
the clamp 3 for grinding the excircle of the small cone comprises a clamping part 301, a customized lead screw 302 and a customized cone cap 303, wherein the clamping part 301 is provided with a through threaded hole, the customized lead screw 302 is installed in the threaded hole of the clamping part 301 in a threaded fit manner, the customized cone cap 303 is coaxially and fixedly installed relative to the clamping part 301, a through hole is formed in the customized cone cap 303, a conical surface is arranged at an opening at the upper end of the through hole of the customized cone cap 303, the conical surface has the same conical degree as the large conical surface of a workpiece, the opening section at the upper end of the through hole is smaller than the maximum section of the workpiece, the opening section at the lower end of the through hole is larger than the maximum section of the workpiece, and the section at the upper end of the customized lead screw 302 is smaller than the maximum section of the workpiece;
the conical surface is arranged in the customized conical cap 303, and is in contact positioning with the large conical surface of the workpiece, so that the small conical surface is machined, and the coaxiality of the large conical surface and the small conical surface is ensured.
Also provides a grinding method of the biconical cubic boron nitride superhard cutter, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: manufacturing a carbon mold 1, namely cutting the outer wall of the carbon mold 1 by adopting a graphite carbon plate, and engraving the inner wall of a groove of the carbon mold 1 by adopting an engraving machine to ensure that the conical taper at the lower end of the inner wall of the groove is consistent with the small conical taper of a workpiece;
step two: firing the blank, namely placing the carbon mold 1 filled with the raw materials into high-temperature and high-pressure equipment for firing;
step three: roughly grinding the large conical surface, grinding the large conical surface of the workpiece on an outer circular grinding machine by using a diamond rough grinding wheel, and reserving the accurate grinding size of the large conical surface to be 15-20 wires after rough grinding;
step four: grinding the end part of the large conical surface, namely turning over the workpiece and fixing the workpiece in an assembly hole of a flat grinding conical orifice plate 2 to ensure that the large conical surface after coarse grinding is in close contact with the conical surface of the assembly hole, and placing the flat grinding conical orifice plate 2 with the workpiece on a flat grinding machine for grinding until the end part of the large conical surface is ground until the thickness of the workpiece is consistent with the required thickness;
step five: fine grinding the large conical surface, and grinding the large conical surface of the workpiece obtained in the step five by using a diamond fine grinding wheel on the cylindrical grinder again until the taper and the finish degree of the large conical surface meet the requirements;
step six: and (3) grinding a small conical surface, namely putting the workpiece obtained in the step six into the customized conical cap 303 from the bottom of the customized conical cap 303, enabling the large conical surface of the workpiece to be in contact installation with the conical surface of the customized conical cap 303, enabling the upper end of the large conical surface of the workpiece to extend out of the through hole of the customized conical cap 303, rotating the customized lead screw 302, enabling the upper end of the customized lead screw 302 to tightly support the lower end surface of the workpiece, and grinding the small conical surface on a universal tool grinder until the height of the waist line between the small conical surface and the large conical surface is consistent with the required height.
And after the second step is finished, flat grinding the small conical tip, and grinding the end part of the small conical surface of the workpiece on a plane grinder to ensure that the thickness difference of the workpiece is not more than 5 filaments.
And after the sixth step is finished, chamfering the large conical surface, and chamfering the lower end part of the large conical surface to form a 20-degree edge on the chamfering machine.
Taking the preparation of the cubic boron nitride superhard cutter named RCGX120700YS02020 as an example, the diameter of a straight large end of a finished product is 12.7mm, the taper is 7 degrees, the diameter of a small end is 1mm, the taper is 60 degrees, and the height is 7.65 degrees;
the carbon charging die is designed to have an outer diameter of 31mm, an inner hole of 16.5mm, a small end diameter of 1.5mm, a cone height of 5.5mm, a blank height of about 8.8mm after firing and a large end diameter of 14+0.5 mm. After the blank is synthesized, grinding the conical tip to the uniform thickness of 8.3mm on a flat grinder, then roughly grinding the 7-degree excircle to the big end diameter of 12.9mm +/-0.05 on an excircle grinding machine by using a diamond grinding wheel, and placing the semi-finished product on a flat grinding conical hole plate 2 after grinding; the assembly hole of the flat grinding conical hole plate 2 is a 7-degree conical hole, and the diameter of the large end is 12.7 mm; the object to be ground protrudes out of the tool by about 1 mm; grinding the large surface on a plane grinding machine by using a diamond grinding wheel, and removing the allowance; the thickness size after grinding is 7.65mm +0.05, and the blank is ensured to be removed completely; then, the cylindrical grinding is carried out again, the diamond fine grinding wheel is used for fine grinding the blade, the external dimension range of the large cone is 12.7mm +/-0.025, and the smoothness meets the requirement; then, a clamp 3 for grinding a small cone excircle is arranged on the electric three-jaw on a universal tool grinder, the angle is adjusted to be 60 degrees, and the small cone excircle is gradually cut and ground until the diameter of the small cone surface is about 1 mm; the semi-finished products were then chamfered on a chamfering machine to 20 ° edges with a width of 0.2 mm.
Through inspection, 200 pieces are ground in a batch, the yield is 98% of G-level precision level, and the efficiency, the consumption and the yield are greatly improved compared with the traditional grinding mode.
In this embodiment, the conventional insert named RCGX120700YS02020 is required to be modified in the size of the carbon mold 1, the size of the fitting hole of the flat grinding tapered hole plate 2, the size of the tapered hole of the customized tapered cap 303, and the like, and to realize inserts with different tapers and diameters, and the machining allowance ranges of the respective processes are set.
Fig. 6-7 show the grinding amount of each process corresponding to the conventional grinding process and the improved post-grinding process, and the improved process effectively reduces the grinding amount.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.