CN111889668A - Wear-resistant low-temperature-resistant hydraulic material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Wear-resistant low-temperature-resistant hydraulic material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN111889668A
CN111889668A CN202010476233.4A CN202010476233A CN111889668A CN 111889668 A CN111889668 A CN 111889668A CN 202010476233 A CN202010476233 A CN 202010476233A CN 111889668 A CN111889668 A CN 111889668A
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temperature
resistant
hydraulic material
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不公告发明人
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Jiaxing Xuanhe Gardening Technology Co ltd
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Jiaxing Xuanhe Gardening Technology Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
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    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02—Compacting only
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    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
    • B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
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    • B22F3/1021—Removal of binder or filler
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    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0207—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy
    • C22C33/0228—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy comprising other non-metallic compounds or more than 5% of graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B22F2009/0824—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid
    • B22F2009/0828—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid with water

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Abstract

The invention discloses a wear-resistant low-temperature-resistant hydraulic material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of hydraulic material preparation, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: under the condition that indium oxide and cobaltosic oxide exist, pressing and molding a semi-finished product raw material containing paraffin and an infiltrant through cold pressing and hot pressing operations; then in a protective atmosphere environment, completing dewaxing, pre-sintering and sintering treatment by raising the temperature of the formed product, and then performing finish machining to obtain the hydraulic material; the protective atmosphere is decomposed ammonia/nitrogen-based atmosphere; the volume ratio of the decomposed ammonia to the nitrogen in the decomposed ammonia/nitrogen-based atmosphere is 2-5: 1.5. The preparation method provided by the invention can inhibit precipitation of proeutectoid ferrite and segregation of different elements, improve the tensile strength and the reduction of area, enhance the low-temperature resistance and the low-temperature durability, and reduce the friction coefficient of the material; can improve the product percent of pass and the utilization rate of raw materials, prolong the service life of materials and reduce the production and use cost.

Description

Wear-resistant low-temperature-resistant hydraulic material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic material preparation, and particularly relates to a wear-resistant low-temperature-resistant hydraulic material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The hydraulic transmission technology has the advantages of light weight, good rapidity, stepless speed regulation, easy control, simple structure, stable and reliable motion and the like, so the hydraulic transmission technology is widely applied to mechanical driving systems in the industrial production fields of ocean development, deep sea exploration, submarines, ships and underwater operation tools, manipulators, metallurgical mines, construction machinery, nuclear energy industry, paper industry and the like, and a hydraulic mechanism is applied in the mechanical industry, so the modernization and automation performance of equipment manufacturing industry can be improved, and the mechanical performance and the function of the driving system are perfected.
In the prior art, most of materials used for manufacturing hydraulic machine parts and components and process materials applied in the hydraulic machine manufacturing process have the problems of insufficient wear resistance, damage after damage, no self-repairing possibility, serious frictional wear and corrosion and the like. If the hydraulic rod is a connecting part for supporting a hydraulic cylinder to work, the hydraulic rod needs to bear frequent and high-speed reciprocating motion force bearing, the load is large, the required performance of the material is high, the quality of the hydraulic rod directly influences the service life and the reliability of the whole product, and the hydraulic rod is required to have good strength, hardness and abrasion resistance, and is required to have good corrosion resistance due to being soaked in oil. After the traditional hydraulic rod is quenched and tempered by adopting common 45# steel, a large amount of energy is consumed in the quenching and tempering process, the surface strengthening is lacked, and the required wear resistance and corrosion resistance are lacked. For example, the pairing pair in the component has extremely complex structure, movement and flow field, and the key friction pair has extremely high requirements on friction-abrasion and bearing capacity, so that the pairing pair not only requires the use of high-quality raw materials and excellent matching of the friction pair, but also requires high processing precision and stable heat treatment process. In the working process, due to the special properties of low viscosity of a hydraulic medium, poor lubricating performance of a lubricating medium, high gasification pressure and the like, the hydraulic system does not stop reciprocating motion and rotary motion, and is easy to corrode and wear due to heavy load, so that the hydraulic system is out of work, and the normal use and the service life of the hydraulic motor are seriously influenced. Therefore, the preparation of the hydraulic material is carried out aiming at the problems of the hydraulic system so as to improve the friction resistance, the low temperature resistance and the corrosion resistance of the material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel high-strength low-temperature resistant steel, which can inhibit precipitation of pro-eutectoid ferrite and segregation of different; the preparation method of the wear-resistant low-temperature-resistant hydraulic material can improve the product percent of pass and the raw material utilization rate, prolong the service life of the material and reduce the production and use costs.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows:
the preparation method of the wear-resistant low-temperature-resistant hydraulic material comprises the following steps:
under the condition that indium oxide and cobaltosic oxide exist, pressing and molding a semi-finished product raw material containing paraffin and an infiltrant through cold pressing and hot pressing operations; the granularity of the semi-finished raw materials is less than 200 meshes; then, the user can use the device to perform the operation,
in a protective atmosphere environment, finishing dewaxing pre-sintering and sintering treatment by raising the temperature of the formed product, and finishing to obtain the hydraulic material;
the protective atmosphere is decomposed ammonia/nitrogen-based atmosphere; the volume ratio of the decomposed ammonia to the nitrogen in the decomposed ammonia/nitrogen-based atmosphere is 2-5: 1.5.
The preparation method changes the internal granularity and phase reconstruction of the material through the combined action of pre-sintering and sintering, inhibits the precipitation of proeutectoid ferrite and the segregation phenomenon of different elements, obviously improves the tensile strength and the section shrinkage rate of the material, enhances the low-temperature resistance and the low-temperature durability of the material, simultaneously reduces the friction coefficient of the material, improves the anti-friction performance and the anti-friction and anti-drag lubrication performance of the material, is beneficial to improving the qualification rate of products and the utilization rate of raw materials, prolongs the service life of the material, and saves and reduces the production energy consumption, the cost of the raw materials and the use cost.
For the invention, the raw materials of the semi-finished product are prepared by smelting raw materials and atomizing the raw materials with high-pressure water; the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 0.5 to 2.0 percent of graphite, 0.1 to 2.0 percent of Mn, 0.5 to 3.5 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of S, 5 to 20 percent of Cr, 0.1 to 6.5 percent of Ti0.5 to 1.5 percent of B, and the balance of Fe.
Preferably, the smelting temperature of the raw materials is 1050-; the pressure of the high-pressure water for atomization is 40-100MPa, and the flow rate is 100-.
For the purposes of the present invention, the cold pressing operating conditions are as follows: the loading speed is 0.5-1.0MPa/s, the forming pressure is 45-65MPa, and the temperature is 35-45 ℃; the hot-pressing conditions were as follows: the pressure is 35-40MPa, the temperature is 150-.
For the invention, the addition amounts of the paraffin and the penetrating agent are respectively 1.5-5% and 2-15% of the weight of the raw materials of the semi-finished product.
For the purposes of the present invention, indium oxide and cobaltosic oxide are added in amounts of 0.05 to 0.12% and 0.02 to 0.1% by weight, respectively, of the paraffin. Under the condition of bearing the thermal change load of pre-sintering and sintering, indium oxide and cobaltosic oxide synergistically influence the reconstruction and phase change between the raw material and the penetrant, can contribute to fine structure optimization on nanoscale phase molecules, inhibit precipitation of proeutectoid ferrite and segregation of different elements, further refine the granularity obtained by sintering, reduce the defects of microscopic gaps in the material, remarkably improve the tensile strength and the section shrinkage rate of the material, improve the mechanical performance of the material in high-temperature and low-temperature environments, particularly keep excellent mechanical performance and durability (the durability test reaches over 240 hours) under the environment of not less than-150 ℃, and have low-temperature recession resistance. In addition, the granularity of the material is refined, so that the roughness of the surface of the material can be reduced, the friction coefficient of the material is further reduced, and the material has better friction resistance and friction reduction, drag reduction and lubrication performance.
For the invention, in the dewaxing presintering operation, the dewaxing temperature is 600-; the temperature rise rate of the pre-sintering operation is 10-15 ℃/min, the pre-sintering temperature is 1050-. The presintering is used for adjusting and perfecting an internal microscopic fine structure, and sintering is carried out after presintering, so that the phenomenon that structural pits are easy to appear on a product under high thermal impact of one-time sintering can be eliminated and overcome, the product qualification rate and the raw material utilization rate are improved, and the raw material cost is saved and reduced.
For the invention, the temperature rise rate of the sintering treatment is 25-40 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 1250-. The introduction of decomposed ammonia/nitrogen-based atmosphere in the sintering process can simplify the subsequent nitriding step, achieve the nitriding treatment effect in the sintering process, enhance the high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and other properties of the finished product, omit the nitriding treatment step, improve the production efficiency and reduce the production energy consumption and cost.
For the invention, the components and the parts by weight of the raw materials of the penetrant are as follows: 10-30 parts of copper, 1-5 parts of barium, 0.5-3.5 parts of strontium, 60-80 parts of iron and 1-5 parts of rare earth oxide; preferably, the rare earth oxide is selected from at least one of lanthanum, cerium and yttrium rare earth oxides. The addition of the penetrant can directly refine the internal granularity to strengthen the material, improve the formation of phase structure, and is beneficial to improving the strength, toughness, friction performance and the like of the material.
The invention also aims to provide the wear-resistant and low-temperature-resistant hydraulic material prepared by the preparation method, and the application of the hydraulic material in preparing parts of hydraulic elements. The hardness of the hydraulic material is more than 65HRC, the tensile strength is not lower than 850MPa, the average friction coefficient is lower than 0.11, and the low-temperature resistance can reach-150 ℃. The prepared hydraulic material has good high-temperature/low-temperature recession resistance and anti-friction, anti-drag and lubricating properties, excellent durability, particularly low and stable friction coefficient at a high-temperature stage, excellent anti-friction performance, contribution to improving the mutual friction condition among materials, and solving the problem of low-temperature resistance of the material, particularly being capable of meeting the working condition requirements under extreme conditions such as severe cold and the like, prolonging the service life, reducing the use cost, and being suitable for industrial application.
The invention adopts the combination of pre-sintering and sintering to change the internal granularity and phase reconstruction of the material, thereby having the following beneficial effects: 1) the preparation method provided by the invention inhibits the precipitation of proeutectoid ferrite and the segregation of different elements, is beneficial to improving the product percent of pass and the utilization rate of raw materials, remarkably improves the tensile strength and the section shrinkage rate of the material, enhances the low-temperature resistance and the low-temperature durability of the material, improves the problem of low-temperature resistance of the material, and particularly can meet the working condition requirements under extreme conditions such as severe cold; 2) the method can also reduce the friction coefficient of the material, improve the friction resistance and the friction reducing, resistance reducing and lubricating properties of the material, is beneficial to improving the mutual friction condition between the materials, prolongs the service life of the material, and saves and reduces the production energy consumption, the raw material cost and the use cost; 3) the prepared hydraulic material has good high temperature/low temperature recession resistance and friction reduction, resistance reduction and lubrication performance, excellent durability, and is suitable for preparing parts of a hydraulic element, the working performance of the prepared parts is not easily influenced by temperature change, and the parts can work under the conditions of high temperature and/or low temperature.
Therefore, the wear-resistant low-temperature-resistant hydraulic material and the preparation method thereof can inhibit precipitation of proeutectoid ferrite and segregation of different elements, improve the tensile strength and the reduction of area, enhance the low-temperature resistance and the low-temperature durability, reduce the friction coefficient of the material, prolong the service life of the material and reduce the production and use cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure of a microstructure of a hydraulic material (a-example 1, b-comparative example 3);
FIG. 2 shows the results of friction coefficient measurements for different hydraulic materials;
FIG. 3 shows the results of wear rate measurements for different hydraulic materials.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings:
the preparation method of the wear-resistant low-temperature-resistant hydraulic material comprises the following steps:
under the condition that indium oxide and cobaltosic oxide exist, pressing and molding a semi-finished product raw material containing paraffin and an infiltrant through cold pressing and hot pressing operations; the granularity of the semi-finished raw materials is less than 200 meshes; then, the user can use the device to perform the operation,
in a protective atmosphere environment, finishing dewaxing pre-sintering and sintering treatment by raising the temperature of the formed product, and finishing to obtain the hydraulic material; the protective atmosphere is decomposed ammonia/nitrogen-based atmosphere; the volume ratio of the decomposed ammonia to the nitrogen in the decomposed ammonia/nitrogen-based atmosphere is 2-5: 1.5. The preparation method changes the internal granularity and phase reconstruction of the material through the combined action of pre-sintering and sintering, inhibits the precipitation of proeutectoid ferrite and the segregation phenomenon of different elements, obviously improves the tensile strength and the section shrinkage rate of the material, enhances the low-temperature resistance and the low-temperature durability of the material, simultaneously reduces the friction coefficient of the material, improves the anti-friction performance and the anti-friction and anti-drag lubrication performance of the material, is beneficial to improving the qualification rate of products and the utilization rate of raw materials, prolongs the service life of the material, and saves and reduces the production energy consumption, the cost of the raw materials and the use cost.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the semi-finished raw materials are prepared by smelting and high-pressure water atomization of raw materials; the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 0.5 to 2.0 percent of graphite, 0.1 to 2.0 percent of Mn, 0.5 to 3.5 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of S, 0.1 to 6.5 percent of Cr5 to 20 percent of Ti, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of B and the balance of Fe.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the smelting temperature of the raw materials is 1050-; the pressure of the high-pressure water for atomization is 40-100MPa, and the flow rate is 100-.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the cold pressing operating conditions are as follows: the loading speed is 0.5-1.0MPa/s, the forming pressure is 45-65MPa, and the temperature is 35-45 ℃; the hot-pressing conditions were as follows: the pressure is 35-40MPa, the temperature is 150-.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the paraffin and the infiltrant are added in amounts of 1.5-5% and 2-15% by weight of the raw semi-finished product, respectively.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, indium oxide and cobaltosic oxide are added in amounts of 0.05-0.12% and 0.02-0.1% by weight of the paraffin, respectively. Under the condition of bearing the thermal change load of pre-sintering and sintering, indium oxide and cobaltosic oxide synergistically influence the reconstruction and phase change between the raw material and the penetrant, can contribute to fine structure optimization on nanoscale phase molecules, inhibit precipitation of proeutectoid ferrite and segregation of different elements, further refine the granularity obtained by sintering, reduce the defects of microscopic gaps in the material, remarkably improve the tensile strength and the section shrinkage rate of the material, improve the mechanical performance of the material in high-temperature and low-temperature environments, particularly keep excellent mechanical performance and durability (the durability test reaches over 240 hours) under the environment of not less than-150 ℃, and have low-temperature recession resistance. In addition, the granularity of the material is refined, so that the roughness of the surface of the material can be reduced, the friction coefficient of the material is further reduced, and the material has better friction resistance and friction reduction, drag reduction and lubrication performance.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the dewaxing pre-sintering operation, the dewaxing temperature is 600-800 ℃, and the time is 1-1.5 h; the temperature rise rate of the pre-sintering operation is 10-15 ℃/min, the pre-sintering temperature is 1050-. The presintering is used for adjusting and perfecting an internal microscopic fine structure, and sintering is carried out after presintering, so that the phenomenon that structural pits are easy to appear on a product under high thermal impact of one-time sintering can be eliminated and overcome, the product qualification rate and the raw material utilization rate are improved, and the raw material cost is saved and reduced.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the temperature rise rate of the sintering treatment is 25-40 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 1250-. The introduction of decomposed ammonia/nitrogen-based atmosphere in the sintering process can simplify the subsequent nitriding step, achieve the nitriding treatment effect in the sintering process, enhance the high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and other properties of the finished product, omit the nitriding treatment step, improve the production efficiency and reduce the production energy consumption and cost.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the components and the parts by weight of the raw materials of the penetrant are as follows: 10-30 parts of copper, 1-5 parts of barium, 0.5-3.5 parts of strontium, 60-80 parts of iron and 1-5 parts of rare earth oxide; preferably, the rare earth oxide is selected from at least one of lanthanum, cerium and yttrium rare earth oxides. The addition of the penetrant can directly refine the internal granularity to strengthen the material, improve the formation of phase structure, and is beneficial to improving the strength, toughness, friction performance and the like of the material.
According to a more preferred embodiment of the invention, the infiltrant further comprises 0.01 to 0.05 wt% of bismuth oxide and 0.03 to 0.1 wt% of zirconium silicate. The addition of the bismuth and the zirconium can utilize the bismuth to slow down the distortion of zirconium crystal lattices in the high-temperature sintering process, further cooperate to enable coordination layers formed by the bismuth and the zirconium to slow down the distortion with other elements, reduce the nodulation phenomenon among particles, release the stress among pearlite coordination layers, reduce the lamellar spacing of pearlite, reduce the micro-convex and micro-concave areas inside and on the surface of the material, effectively avoid the embedding and the meshing when the materials are contacted, and control the average wear rate to be 8.5 multiplied by 10-5mm3·(N·m)-1Hereinafter, the abrasion amount and the abrasion rate of the material are reduced, thereby increasing the abrasion resistance thereof; meanwhile, due to the addition of the two components, the material has anti-corrosion performance on corrosion of different chemical media, so that excellent anti-corrosion performance is shown, and the phenomena of material property and functional failure in a working environment caused by corrosion are prevented.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the preparation of the penetrating agent comprises the following steps: mixing the raw materials of the penetrant according to parts by weight, then heating the mixture to 1500-1600 ℃ iron powder in an argon atmosphere for melting, uniformly stirring, crushing, and sieving by a 300-mesh sieve to obtain the powdery penetrant.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the finishing step is: and rolling or forging the sintered product to form the bar material required by the hydraulic component.
The invention also provides the wear-resistant low-temperature-resistant hydraulic material prepared by the preparation method, and application of the hydraulic material in preparing parts of hydraulic elements. The hardness of the hydraulic material is more than 65HRC, the tensile strength is not lower than 850MPa, the average friction coefficient is lower than 0.11, and the low-temperature resistance can reach-150 ℃. The prepared hydraulic material has good high-temperature/low-temperature recession resistance and anti-friction, anti-drag and lubricating properties, excellent durability, particularly low and stable friction coefficient at a high-temperature stage, excellent anti-friction performance, contribution to improving the mutual friction condition among materials, and solving the problem of low-temperature resistance of the material, particularly being capable of meeting the working condition requirements under extreme conditions such as severe cold and the like, prolonging the service life, reducing the use cost, and being suitable for industrial application.
The present invention and the conventional techniques in the embodiments are known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail herein.
It should be understood that the foregoing description is to be considered illustrative or exemplary and not restrictive, and that in particular the invention covers other embodiments having any combination of features from the different embodiments described above and below, without the scope of the invention being limited to the specific examples below.
Example 1:
the preparation method of the wear-resistant low-temperature-resistant hydraulic material comprises the following specific steps:
1. smelting: the raw materials by weight percentage: 1.5% of graphite, 0.7% of Mn, 1.3% of Si, less than or equal to 0.02% of S, 16.5% of Cr16, 3.5% of Ti, 1.0% of B and the balance of Fe, mixing, and smelting in a furnace at 1500 ℃ for 30min to obtain an intermediate product;
2. atomizing: atomizing the intermediate product into powder by using high-pressure water with the pressure of 80MPa and the flow of 350L/min, and screening to obtain a powdery semi-finished product raw material with the granularity of less than 200 meshes;
3. preparing an infiltrant: the weight portions are as follows: 13 parts of copper, 4.5 parts of barium, 2.5 parts of strontium, 68 parts of iron and 1.5 parts of rare earth oxide, mixing the raw materials, heating the mixture to 1550 ℃ in an argon atmosphere to melt the iron powder, uniformly stirring the mixture, crushing the mixture, and sieving the crushed mixture through a 300-mesh sieve to obtain a powdery penetrating agent, wherein the rare earth oxide is lanthanum oxide and cerium oxide in a weight ratio of 1: 1;
4. and (3) pressing and forming: adding paraffin, penetrant, indium oxide and cobaltosic oxide into a powdery semi-finished product raw material, performing cold press molding at a loading speed of 1.0MPa/s and a molding pressure of 50MPa at a temperature of 45 ℃ to complete preforming, and then maintaining the pressure at 35MPa and a temperature of 200 ℃ for 10min to complete hot press molding, wherein the addition amounts of the paraffin and the penetrant are respectively 3.5% and 13.5% of the weight of the powdery semi-finished product raw material, and the addition amounts of the indium oxide and the cobaltosic oxide are respectively 0.082% and 0.048% of the weight of the paraffin;
5. pre-burning: heating to 750 ℃, dewaxing the formed product for 1.5h, then heating to 1150 ℃ in a protective atmosphere environment at the heating rate of 15 ℃/min, sintering for 30min, preserving heat for 1.5h, and cooling to 600 ℃ along with the furnace to obtain a pre-sintered blank; the protective atmosphere is decomposed ammonia/nitrogen-based atmosphere, wherein the volume ratio of decomposed ammonia to nitrogen in the decomposed ammonia/nitrogen-based atmosphere is 2.5: 1.5;
6. and (3) sintering: heating the presintered blank to 1350 ℃ in a protective atmosphere environment at a heating rate of 30 ℃/min, sintering for 35min, preserving heat for 3h, quenching water, cooling to below 200 ℃, tempering again, heating to 750 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a rough blank; the protective atmosphere is decomposed ammonia/nitrogen-based atmosphere, wherein the volume ratio of decomposed ammonia to nitrogen in the decomposed ammonia/nitrogen-based atmosphere is 4.5: 1.5;
7. finish machining: and rolling the sintered product to form the bar material required by the hydraulic component.
Example 2:
the preparation method of the wear-resistant low-temperature-resistant hydraulic material is different from that of the embodiment 1 in that:
in the step 1: the weight percentage of the raw materials is as follows: 1.8% of graphite, 1.2% of Mn, 2.4% of Si, less than or equal to 0.02% of S, 17.8% of Cr17, 5.2% of Ti, 1.3% of B and the balance of Fe;
in the step 3: the penetrant comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 16.5 parts of copper, 2.8 parts of barium, 3.3 parts of strontium, 73 parts of iron and 4.6 parts of rare earth oxide, wherein the rare earth oxide is lanthanum oxide and cerium oxide in a weight ratio of 1: 1.5;
in the step 4: the addition amounts of the paraffin and the penetrating agent are respectively 4.3 percent and 11.7 percent of the weight of the powdery semi-finished product raw material, and the addition amounts of the indium oxide and the cobaltosic oxide are respectively 0.065 percent and 0.085 percent of the weight of the paraffin;
in the step 5: heating to 800 ℃, dewaxing the formed product for 1h, then heating to 1100 ℃ in a protective atmosphere environment at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, sintering for 20min, preserving heat for 1.5h, and cooling to 600 ℃ along with a furnace to obtain a presintering blank; the protective atmosphere is decomposed ammonia/nitrogen-based atmosphere, wherein the volume ratio of decomposed ammonia to nitrogen in the decomposed ammonia/nitrogen-based atmosphere is 3.5: 1.5;
in the step 6: heating the presintered blank to 1400 ℃ in a protective atmosphere environment at a heating rate of 40 ℃/min, sintering for 45min, preserving heat for 4h, quenching water, cooling to below 200 ℃, tempering again, heating to 700 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a rough blank; the protective atmosphere is decomposed ammonia/nitrogen-based atmosphere, wherein the volume ratio of decomposed ammonia to nitrogen in the decomposed ammonia/nitrogen-based atmosphere is 4: 1.5.
Example 3:
the preparation method of the wear-resistant low-temperature-resistant hydraulic material is different from that of the embodiment 1 in that: in the step 3: 0.035 wt% bismuth oxide and 0.065 wt% zirconium silicate are also added into the raw material of the penetrant.
Example 4:
the preparation method of the wear-resistant low-temperature-resistant hydraulic material is different from that of the embodiment 1 in that: the sintering process adopts a one-time sintering mode, and comprises the following specific steps: heating to 750 ℃, dewaxing the formed product for 1.5h, then heating to 1350 ℃ in a protective atmosphere environment at the heating rate of 30 ℃/min, sintering for 35min, preserving heat for 3h, cooling quenching water to below 200 ℃, tempering again and heating to 750 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a rough blank; the protective atmosphere is decomposed ammonia/nitrogen-based atmosphere, wherein the volume ratio of decomposed ammonia to nitrogen in the decomposed ammonia/nitrogen-based atmosphere is 4.5: 1.5; and then, carrying out finish machining on the rough blank to obtain the hydraulic material.
Comparative example 1:
the preparation method of the wear-resistant low-temperature-resistant hydraulic material is different from that of the embodiment 1 in that: in the step 4: the addition amounts of indium oxide and cobaltosic oxide were 0.082% and 0% of the weight of paraffin wax, respectively.
Comparative example 2:
the preparation method of the wear-resistant low-temperature-resistant hydraulic material is different from that of the embodiment 1 in that: in the step 4: the addition amounts of indium oxide and cobaltosic oxide were 0% and 0.048% by weight of the paraffin wax, respectively.
Comparative example 3:
the preparation method of the wear-resistant low-temperature-resistant hydraulic material is different from that of the embodiment 1 in that: indium oxide and cobaltosic oxide are not added in step 4.
Comparative example 4:
the preparation method of the wear-resistant low-temperature-resistant hydraulic material is different from that of the embodiment 3 in that: in the step 3: 0.035 wt% bismuth oxide and 0 wt% zirconium silicate are also added into the raw material of the penetrant.
Comparative example 5:
the preparation method of the wear-resistant low-temperature-resistant hydraulic material is different from that of the embodiment 3 in that: in the step 3: 0 wt% of bismuth oxide and 0.065 wt% of zirconium silicate are also added into the raw materials of the penetrant.
Test example 1:
microstructure observation of hydraulic material
The test method comprises the following steps: the hydraulic materials prepared in example 1 and comparative example 3 are taken as test samples respectively, coarse grinding is carried out on the test samples sequentially through No. 80, No. 240, No. 600, No. 800 and No. 1500 waterproof abrasive paper, the grinding direction is perpendicular to the previous time direction each time, then 10% of nitric acid methanol and absolute ethyl alcohol are adopted for polishing, samples are corroded by 4% of nitric acid ethanol, the metallographic structure of the materials is observed by a metallographic microscope, and metallographic pictures are shot.
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure of a microstructure of a hydraulic material (a-example 1, b-comparative example 3). As shown in the figure, the microstructures of example 1 and comparative example 3 included significant pearlite and pro-eutectoid ferrite, in which the pro-eutectoid ferrite was mainly distributed in the form of fine stripes. In example 1, the distribution of pro-eutectoid ferrite was less, the distribution of pearlite appeared flaky and more uniform, and the element was segregated to form a block/island structure less, as compared with comparative example 3. The preparation method of example 1 optimizes the fine structure of the material, shows the inhibition of precipitation of pro-eutectoid ferrite and segregation of different elements, significantly reduces the defect amount of the microstructure in the material, and is helpful for improving various properties of the material.
Test example 2:
mechanical property detection of hydraulic material
The test method comprises the following steps: the hydraulic materials prepared in examples 1, 2, 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were used as test samples. 1) Measuring the tensile strength and the reduction of area of the material according to GB/T228.1-2010 part 1 of metal material tensile test, namely a room temperature test method, and carrying out ultrasonic flaw detection; in addition, the tensile strength and the reduction of area are measured on the test samples at 400 ℃ and-150 ℃ according to GB/T228.2-2015 part 2 of the metal material tensile test, namely a high-temperature test method, and GB/T228.3-2019 part 3 of the metal material tensile test, namely a low-temperature test method; the test specimens were subjected to a durability test at-150 ℃ for 240 hours, and after completion, the tensile strength and the reduction of area of the specimens were measured. 2) The hardness of the material is detected according to GB/T5766-2007 Rockwell hardness test method for friction materials. The results of the measurements are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Performance test results for different Hydraulic materials
Figure BDA0002515959870000091
The results show that the hydraulic materials prepared in examples 1 and 2 have hardness of more than 65HRC, highest tensile strength and highest reduction of area at room temperature, the lowest reduction of tensile strength and reduction of area at high temperature of 400 ℃ and low temperature of-150 ℃, and the lowest reduction of tensile strength and reduction of area at-150 ℃ after 240h of endurance test; the hardness, the tensile strength and the reduction of area of the materials of the examples 1 and 2 are better than those of the comparative example, in particular, the reduction tendency of the tensile strength and the reduction of area of the materials of the examples 1 and 2 in low-temperature and low-temperature endurance tests is slower than that of the comparative example, and the materials of the examples show excellent mechanical performance and durability at low temperature, which shows that the indium oxide and the cobaltosic oxide in the preparation methods of the examples 1 and 2 synergistically enhance the high-temperature/low-temperature decay resistance of the materials and are beneficial to prolonging the service life of the materials. Example 4 has lower hardness than the other examples, significantly lower tensile strength and reduction of area at room temperature and high temperature than the other groups, and shows rapid decrease in tensile strength and reduction of area in low-temperature and low-temperature durability tests, indicating that the internal structure of the primary sintered product is not as good as the other examples in improving the mechanical properties of the material in high-temperature and low-temperature environments, especially not in resisting low-temperature deterioration.
Test example 3:
friction and wear detection of hydraulic materials
The test method comprises the following steps: 1) coefficient of friction: the hydraulic materials prepared in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were used as test samples. Testing a ring-test block sliding wear test according to a GB/T12444-2006 metal material wear test method, and measuring the friction coefficient of each sample at room temperature and 400 ℃, wherein the result is shown in figure 2; 2) wear amount and wear rate: the hydraulic materials prepared in examples 1 and 3 and comparative examples 4 to 5 were used as test samples. The mass wear and the wear rate of each sample are measured according to a ring-test block sliding wear test of a GB/T12444-2006 metal material wear test method, and the results are shown in a table 2 and a figure 3. In a friction and wear test, the opposite grinding material is GCr15 rolling bearing steel with the hardness of HRC63, the load is 100N, the rotating speed is 350r/min, and the wear duration is 2 h; each group of 3 replicates were averaged.
FIG. 2 shows the results of friction coefficient measurements for different hydraulic materials. The results show that example 1 has the lowest coefficient of friction, all of which are below 0.11; highest in comparative example 3; comparative examples 1 and 2 are slightly lower than comparative example 3, and the difference between the two is not significant; the indium oxide and the cobaltosic oxide in the preparation method of the example 1 synergistically reduce the friction coefficient of the material, and keep the friction coefficient low and stable at high temperature, so that the material has better friction resistance and friction reduction, drag reduction and lubrication performance.
Table 2 weight loss results for wear test specimens
Sample original weight/g Weight/g after abrasion Loss on abrasion/g
Example 1 5.635 5.416 0.219
Example 3 5.564 5.475 0.089
Comparative example 4 5.751 5.488 0.263
Comparative example 5 5.683 5.468 0.215
FIG. 3 shows the results of wear rate measurements for different hydraulic materials. In the abrasion test, in combination of Table 2 and FIG. 3, example 3 was abradedThe weight loss is minimum, and the wear rate is 7.3 multiplied by 10-5mm3·(N·m)-1Is controlled to be 8.5 multiplied by 10-5mm3·(N·m)-1The following; example 1 time later, the wear rate was 10.4X 10-5mm3·(N·m)-1(ii) a Comparative example 5 both results were slightly higher than example 1, with a wear rate of 11.2X 10-5mm3·(N·m)-1(ii) a Comparative example 4 had the greatest loss on wear, with a wear rate of 13.7X 10-5mm3·(N·m)-1(ii) a The preparation method of example 3 shows that the bismuth oxide and the zirconium silicate can synergistically reduce the wear amount and the wear rate of the material, thereby increasing the wear resistance of the material, being beneficial to prolonging the service life and reducing the use cost, and being suitable for industrial application.
Example 4:
corrosion resistance test of hydraulic material
The test method comprises the following steps: the hydraulic materials prepared in examples 1 and 3 and comparative examples 4 to 5 were used as test samples.
The sample was etched at room temperature (25 ℃ C.) for 3X 24 hours using a mixed solution of 10% dilute sulfuric acid, 10% hydrochloric acid, 5g/50mL of sodium chloride water and 3g/50mL of pulverized coal, respectively. The corrosion rate is weight loss g/24 h. The results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 weight loss results for corrosion test specimens
Sample original weight/g Weight/g after corrosion Corrosion weight loss/g Corrosion rate/g/d
Example 1 206.35 203.60 2.75 0.115
Example 3 205.48 203.92 1.56 0.065
Comparative example 4 205.96 202.27 3.69 0.154
Comparative example 5 206.47 203.58 2.89 0.120
The results show that the corrosion weight loss is minimal and the corrosion rate is minimal for example 3; the difference between example 1 and comparative example 4 was not significant and was higher than that of example 3; comparative example 5 has the greatest corrosion weight loss and the highest corrosion rate; the preparation method of example 3 shows that bismuth oxide and zirconium silicate can synergistically enhance the corrosion resistance of the material to different chemical media, show excellent corrosion resistance, and are beneficial to preventing the phenomena of material property and functional failure in a working environment caused by corrosion, prolonging the service life of the material, reducing the use cost, and being suitable for industrial application.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative, and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, all equivalent technical solutions also belong to the scope of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims.

Claims (10)

1. The preparation method of the wear-resistant low-temperature-resistant hydraulic material comprises the following steps:
under the condition that indium oxide and cobaltosic oxide exist, pressing and molding a semi-finished raw material containing paraffin and an infiltrant by cold pressing and hot pressing; the granularity of the semi-finished raw material is less than 200 meshes; then, the user can use the device to perform the operation,
in a protective atmosphere environment, finishing dewaxing, presintering and sintering treatment by raising the temperature of the formed product, and finishing to obtain the hydraulic material;
the protective atmosphere is decomposed ammonia/nitrogen-based atmosphere; the volume ratio of decomposed ammonia to nitrogen in the decomposed ammonia/nitrogen-based atmosphere is 2-5: 1.5.
2. The method for preparing the abrasion-resistant and low temperature-resistant hydraulic material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the semi-finished raw material is prepared by smelting and high-pressure water atomizing raw materials; the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 0.5 to 2.0 percent of graphite, 0.1 to 2.0 percent of Mn, 0.5 to 3.5 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of S, 0.1 to 6.5 percent of Cr5 to 20 percent of Ti, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of B and the balance of Fe.
3. The method for preparing the abrasion-resistant and low-temperature-resistant hydraulic material according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the smelting temperature is 1050-; the pressure of the high-pressure water for atomization is 40-100MPa, and the flow rate is 100-500L/min.
4. The method for preparing the abrasion-resistant and low temperature-resistant hydraulic material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the cold pressing operating conditions were as follows: the loading speed is 0.5-1.0MPa/s, the forming pressure is 45-65MPa, and the temperature is 35-45 ℃; the hot pressing operating conditions were as follows: the pressure is 35-40MPa, the temperature is 150-.
5. The method for preparing the abrasion-resistant and low temperature-resistant hydraulic material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the addition amounts of the paraffin and the penetrating agent are respectively 1.5-5% and 2-15% of the weight of the raw materials of the semi-finished product.
6. The method for preparing the abrasion-resistant and low temperature-resistant hydraulic material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the addition amounts of the indium oxide and the cobaltosic oxide are respectively 0.05-0.12 percent and 0.02-0.1 percent of the weight of the paraffin.
7. The method for preparing the abrasion-resistant and low temperature-resistant hydraulic material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the dewaxing pre-sintering operation, the dewaxing temperature is 600-800 ℃, and the time is 1-1.5 h; the temperature rise rate of the pre-sintering operation is 10-15 ℃/min, the pre-sintering temperature is 1050-.
8. The method for preparing the abrasion-resistant and low temperature-resistant hydraulic material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the temperature rise rate of the sintering treatment is 25-40 ℃/min, the pre-sintering temperature is 1250-.
9. The method for preparing an antiwear and low temperature hydraulic material according to claim 1 or 5, wherein: the penetrant comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of copper, 1-5 parts of barium, 0.5-3.5 parts of strontium, 60-80 parts of iron and 1-5 parts of rare earth oxide; preferably, the rare earth oxide is selected from at least one of lanthanum, cerium and yttrium rare earth oxides.
10. An antiwear and low temperature hydraulic material prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by: use of the hydraulic material for the manufacture of a component of a hydraulic component.
CN202010476233.4A 2020-05-29 2020-05-29 Wear-resistant low-temperature-resistant hydraulic material and preparation method thereof Withdrawn CN111889668A (en)

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