CN111887256A - Application of benzisothiazolinone in preventing or killing pests - Google Patents
Application of benzisothiazolinone in preventing or killing pests Download PDFInfo
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/80—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,2
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Abstract
The invention discloses application of benzisothiazolinone in preventing or killing pests, the structural formula of the benzisothiazolinone is shown as formula V,
Description
The application is a divisional application of Chinese invention patent application with the application date of '30.9.2019', the application number of '2019109395269', the invention name of 'a pesticide and application thereof'.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pest control, in particular to application of benzisothiazolinone in pest prevention or killing.
Background
At present, isothiazolinone heterocyclic compounds are mainly applied as bactericides, preservatives, mildewcides and the like in the industrial field. However, their use for controlling animal pests has not been described to date. The molecular structure of isothiazolinone is shown in formula I, and when a benzene ring is formed between R2 and R3 in formula I, the molecular structure can be shown in formula II.
R1Is hydrogen or alkyl; r2And R3Respectively hydrogen or halogen, which are almost limitlessly soluble in water and suitable for use as industrial fungicides, such as 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, MIT (formula iii) and 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, CMIT (formula iv) which are a mixture of two compounds in a ratio of 1: 3. At present, the preservative, namely the kasong, which is prepared according to the proportion is widely applied to products such as shampoo, hair care shampoo, bath lotion, various high-grade nutritional cosmetics such as skin moistening, skin cream, ointment, milk, lipstick and the like, and products such as hand sanitizer, washing agent, tableware detergent, hair dye, fur clothing polishing agent, softening agent, glue, external ointment and the like.
When R is1When the compound is H, the compound is 1, 2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, namely BIT (formula V), which is a main industrial sterilizing, antiseptic and enzyme-proof agent. Has the outstanding function of inhibiting the breeding of microorganisms such as mould (fungus, bacteria), algae and the like in an organic medium, and solves a series of problems of organic products such as mildewing, fermentation, deterioration, demulsification, smelliness and the like caused by the breeding of the microorganisms. Thus, BIT is widely used in latex products, water-soluble resins, paints (emulsion paints), acrylic acids, and polymers in developed countries. Polyurethane products, photographic lotions, paper, printing inks, leather, lubricating oils and the like.
When R is1Is octyl, R2And R3When the compound is H, the compound is 2-octyl-4-isothiazoline-3-ketone, namely OIT (formula VI), is also a bacteriostatic preservative, and can be widely applied to various products such as coatings, paints, printing ink, lubricating oil, shoe polish, leather chemistry, wood products, cultural relic protection and the like.
When R is1Is octyl, R2And R3When Cl is used, the compound is 4, 5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolinone DCOIT, (formula VII) is used as a dry film mildew preventive and is mainly used in the fields of plastic leather, paint, coating, sewage, papermaking, wood and the like. It can also be used in adhesive and ink.
The isothiazolinone and the derivative thereof are used as an ideal novel bactericide, and have the advantages of excellent bactericidal performance, high efficiency and broad spectrum. The isothiazolinone and the derivatives thereof have good killing effect on most bacteria, mould, algae and the like, have strong activity and have very obvious effect at low concentration. The advantages of the using conditions are that the water-soluble polyurethane emulsion has excellent compatibility with various solvents, auxiliary agents, such as ethanol, ethylene glycol, various ionic and nonionic surfactants, emulsifying agents and the like. Finally, the most obvious advantages of isothiazolinones and their derivatives over other fungicides are their environmental friendliness, ability to biodegrade naturally, and negligible environmental impact. The toxicological and skin irritation test results of the isothiazolinone and the derivative thereof show that the isothiazolinone is low in toxicity and free of irritation. And the acute oral toxicity grading of the white rat belongs to low toxicity, and the subacute chronic toxicity research does not find that the white rat has carcinogenicity, teratogenicity and mutagenicity. Therefore, the isothiazolinone and the derivative thereof can be considered as basically harmless to human bodies and are safe and harmless green and environment-friendly products. Since the field of developed bactericidal and biocidal agents enters the revolutionary development stage, the bactericidal and biocidal agents gradually replace a plurality of toxic and low-efficiency bactericides such as mercury and are widely applied to the fields of agriculture, industry and the like, but the application of the bactericidal and biocidal agents for controlling harmful animals, particularly insects, is not recorded at present.
Modern crop protection agents have to meet a number of requirements, for example with regard to effectiveness, persistence, their spectrum of action and possible use. Toxicity, combinability with other active compounds or formulation auxiliaries and the cost required for synthesizing the active compounds also need to be taken into account, and in addition, resistance may also occur. For these reasons, the search for new crop protection agents cannot be regarded as having ended, and there is a continuing need for new compounds whose properties are improved, at least in individual respects, compared with the known compounds.
Disclosure of Invention
The main content of the invention is to use a high-efficiency, low-toxicity and environment-friendly bactericide as the pesticide, thereby providing a novel, environment-friendly and high-efficiency pesticide.
An insecticide contains isothiazolinone heterocyclic compound as active component, and has a structural formula shown in formula I or formula II,
wherein R is1Is hydrogen or alkyl; r2And R3Each is hydrogen or halogen, when R is1When it is an alkyl group, R2And R3At least one is hydrogen.
Preferably, R1Is hydrogen, methyl or octyl, R2And R3Respectively hydrogen or chlorine.
More preferably, the isothiazolinone heterocyclic compound is 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 1, 2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, 2-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one or 4, 5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolinone.
Preferably, the concentration of the active ingredient in the pesticide is 3.75ppm to 600 ppm. More preferably, the concentration of the active ingredients in the pesticide is 75-300 ppm. More preferably, the concentration of the active ingredients in the pesticide is 100-150 ppm.
Preferably, the pesticide further comprises a surfactant, wherein the surfactant is tween-20, and the addition volume of the surfactant is 0.1%. The active ingredients can be diluted into different concentrations for use as stomach toxicants directly, or mixed with surfactants as contact killers.
When used as insecticides, the active compounds according to the invention can also be present in the use forms prepared in admixture with commercial synergists. Synergists may increase the insecticidal activity of the active compound, but the synergist itself does not have to have insecticidal activity.
The invention also provides the application of the pesticide in preventing or killing pests. The isothiazolinone heterocyclic compound as an active ingredient in the pesticide of the present application has good plant tolerance, is harmless to mammals, and has good environmental tolerance, is suitable for protecting plants, increasing harvest yield, improving quality of harvested products, and controlling harmful animals, particularly insects, arachnids, and nematodes, encountered in the fields of agriculture, forestry, orchard, and hygiene, and can be preferably used for a plant-protecting agent.
Preferably, the pest is a hemipteran pest of the class Insecta, a diptera pest of the class Insecta, a lepidoptera pest of the class Insecta, a Thysanoptera pest of the class Insecta, a Acarina pest of the class Arachnida, or a nematode.
More preferably, the pests are:
aleyrodidae, planthopper, aphididae in hemiptera pests of the class Insecta;
drosophila, Muscaidae, and Muscaidae in Insecta Diptera;
noctuidae in lepidopteran pests of the class entomophyceae;
thrips in insects from the order thysanoptera;
tetranychidae in arachnidae order Acarina pests;
the family of aphelenchoideae in nematodes.
More preferably, the pests are:
whitefly, brown planthopper and Oncorhynchus in Hemiptera pests of Insecta;
drosophila, fly, Aedes, Anopheles, Culex among insect pests of Diptera
Helicoverpa in lepidopteran pests of the class insecta;
thrips species in insect pests of the order thysanoptera;
spider mites in arachnidae acarina pests;
leptospira species among nematodes.
Further preferably, the pests are:
bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Nilaparvata lugens, Nilaparvata tabaci among Hemiptera pests of Insecta;
fruit fly, house fly, Aedes albopictus in insect class diptera pest;
cotton bollworm in insect lepidopteran pests;
frankliniella occidentalis in insect pests of the order thysanoptera;
spider mites in arachnida acarina pests;
the nematodes include Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Aphelenchus aphyllus oryzae.
Preferably, the pesticide is used to prevent or kill pests on plants.
More preferably, the plant is: plant population or plant parts. Plant populations, for example wild plant populations or crops. Crop plants may be plants which have been obtained by conventional plant breeding or biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or by a combination of the aforementioned methods. Plant parts are understood to mean all parts and organs of the plant above and below the ground. Plant parts also include harvests and vegetative and sexual propagation material.
More preferably, the insecticide is applied in the following manner: foliar or soil application or for water treatment. Further preferably, the foliar application is: dipping, spraying, leaf dipping, evaporation, atomization, broadcasting, smearing or injection. Further preferably, the soil application is: the pesticide is watered, incorporated into the soil or applied to the soil as a droplet in an irrigation system. Soil application can be used to control insects or spider mites or nematodes, and water treatment can control mosquito larvae, for example.
The research shows that the isothiazolinone heterocyclic compound commonly used as a bactericide can also be used as an insecticide, has the advantages of high efficiency, low toxicity and environmental friendliness when being used as the insecticide, and has good application prospect.
The pesticide of the invention has good killing effect on insects of Hemiptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Thysanoptera, Acarina or nematodes, but is ineffective on diamondback moth of Lepidoptera, Plutella and Lecanicillium of Homoptera, which indicates that the pesticide of the invention has a certain broad-spectrum pesticidal property, but is not effective on all insects.
Detailed Description
Example 1: isothiazolinone toxicity test
Test targets: bemisia tabaci (Fr.) Kuntze
The evaluation method is an adult feeding method. The test agent was isothiazolinone (Sigma-Aldrich) containing 3% of effective ingredient, wherein the effective ingredient contains CMIT and MIT in a ratio of 3: 1. The stock solution was diluted to different concentrations with artificial feed (30% sucrose solution in water) for bemisia tabaci, as a control of 15% sucrose in water. The method is characterized in that a Parafilm nutrient solution clamping method is adopted, namely about 100 adults of Bemisia tabaci which are primarily emerged for three days are placed into a glass tube with two through ends, two layers of Parafilm films are covered on the upper end of the glass tube, liquid medicines with different concentrations are added into a gap between the two films, gauze is covered on the lower end of the glass tube to keep ventilation, a layer of tinfoil paper is covered on the periphery of the glass tube to facilitate the Bemisia tabaci to eat feed, the treated glass tube is placed into an artificial climate chamber (the temperature is 26 +/-1 ℃, the relative humidity is 55 +/-10%, and the illumination period is L: D ═ 14 h: 10h), and after 48h feeding is carried out, the death rate of the Bemisia tabaci is recorded.
The results are shown in table one. In this test, the mortality of bemisia tabaci was 72.9%, 89.0% and 97.9% at concentrations of 37.5, 75 and 150ppm, respectively.
Insecticidal Activity of epi-isothiazolinone against Bemisia tabaci
Example 2: isothiazolinone toxicity test
Test targets: greenhouse trialeurodes vaporariorum
The evaluation method is an adult feeding method. The test agent was isothiazolinone (Sigma-Aldrich) containing 3% of effective ingredient, wherein the effective ingredient contains CMIT and MIT in a ratio of 3: 1. The stock solution was diluted to different concentrations with artificial feed (30% sucrose solution) for trialeurodes vaporariorum, as a control of 15% sucrose solution. A Parafilm nutrient solution clamping method is adopted, namely about 50 adult greenhouse trialeurodes vaporariorum which is originally emerged for three days is put into a glass tube with two through ends, two layers of Parafilm films are covered on the upper end of the glass tube, liquid medicines with different concentrations are added into a gap between the two films, gauze is covered on the lower end of the glass tube to keep ventilation, a layer of tinfoil paper is covered on the periphery of the glass tube to be beneficial to feeding the greenhouse trialeurodes vaporariorum, the treated glass tube is put into an artificial climate chamber (the temperature is 26 +/-1 ℃, the relative humidity is 55 +/-10%, the illumination period is L: D ═ 14 h: 10h, and after 48h feeding is carried out, the death rate of the greenhouse trialeurodes vaporariorum is recorded.
The results are shown in Table II. In this test, the mortality rate of the greenhouse trialeurodes vaporariorum was 100.0% at a concentration of 37.5ppm and above.
Insecticidal activity of epidiisothiazolinone against greenhouse trialeurodes vaporariorum
Example 3: isothiazolinone toxicity test
Test targets: housefly
The evaluation method is an adult feeding method. The test agent was isothiazolinone (Sigma-Aldrich) containing 3% of effective ingredient, wherein the effective ingredient contains CMIT and MIT in a ratio of 3: 1. Diluting the preparation with distilled water to different concentrations, adding 50ml of each concentration into 10g of housefly feed (milk powder) to obtain bait, and adding 10g of distilled water as contrast. 50 housefly pupas are placed in an insect cage in advance, and after the housefly pupas emerge imagoes, the housefly pupas are fed with feeds mixed with medicaments with different concentrations into the insect cage. The number of deaths was checked after 48 h.
The results are shown in Table three. In this test, the mortality of the houseflies was 69.5%, 90.2% and 99.5% at concentrations of 37.5, 75 and 150ppm, respectively.
Insecticidal Activity of Episisothiazolinone on Musca domestica
Example 4 isothiazolinone toxicity test
Test targets: fruit fly
The evaluation method is a nymph feeding method. Test agent the test agent is isothiazolinone (Sigma-Aldrich) containing 3% effective component, wherein the effective component contains CMIT and MIT in a ratio of 3: 1. Diluting the medicament with distilled water into different concentrations, adding the diluted medicament into a culture medium of the fruit flies, uniformly mixing the diluted medicament, gently picking second-instar nymphs of the fruit flies into test tubes filled with the culture medium by using a writing brush, picking 50 nymphs in each test tube, and recording the death rate after 48 h: 30% sucrose solution was added to each tube, left to stand for 5min, and the number of surviving colonies floating in sucrose solution was recorded.
The results are shown in Table four. In this test, the death rates for the Drosophila nymphs were 30.5%, 49.7%, 78.5% and 91.1% at concentrations of 37.5, 75, 150 and 300ppm, respectively.
Insecticidal Activity of epitetraisothiazolinones against Drosophila nymphs
Example 5: isothiazolinone toxicity test
Test targets: aphids
The evaluation method is a leaf dipping method. Test agent the test agent is isothiazolinone (Sigma-Aldrich) containing 3% effective component, wherein the effective component contains CMIT and MIT in a ratio of 3: 1. The formulations were diluted with distilled water to different concentrations and 0.1% tween-20 was added to each treated formulation. Control was distilled water plus 0.1% tween-20. Soaking the complete tobacco leaves with the same size, without pesticide application and without myzus persicae in liquid medicine and distilled water with different concentration gradients for 10s respectively, taking out the leaves, naturally drying the leaves, placing the leaves on a culture medium, picking the wingless adult myzus persicae with the same size with a writing brush, placing the wingless adult myzus persicae on the treated leaves, repeatedly inoculating 50 heads of wingless adult myzus each, covering a culture dish, and wrapping the leaves with gauze and rubber bands. Placing in a constant temperature illumination incubator with the temperature of 25 +/-1 ℃ and the relative humidity of about 80 percent. The number of deaths of myzus persicae was checked at 48 h.
The results are shown in Table five. In this test, aphid mortality was 13.3%, 26.7%, 60.0% and 93.8% at concentrations of 37.5, 75, 150 and 300ppm, respectively.
Insecticidal Activity of epipentaisothiazolones against aphids
Example 6: isothiazolinone toxicity test
Test targets: pine wood nematode
Test agent the test agent is isothiazolinone (Sigma-Aldrich) containing 3% effective component, wherein the effective component contains CMIT and MIT in a ratio of 3: 1. The drug was diluted to different concentrations with distilled water. Taking a sterile flat-bottom 24-hole cell culture plate, adding about 100 2-instar larvae into each hole, adding 1ml of medicament with each concentration into each hole by using a pipette gun, treating 1ml of sterile water as a control, putting the sterile flat-bottom 24-hole cell culture plate into an incubator at 26 ℃ for culture, observing the shape of each hole of nematode by using a stereoscopic microscope after 48 hours, and slightly touching the 24-hole plate during observation, wherein if the nematode in each hole does not respond to external vibration and still keeps a needle shape or a stiff straight shape, the nematode can be considered to be knocked down.
The results are shown in Table six. In this test, the mortality rates for Bursaphelenchus xylophilus were 53.8%, 75.2% and 93.5% at concentrations of 50, 100 and 200ppm, respectively.
Insecticidal Activity of epihexaisothiazolinones against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Example 7: isothiazolinone toxicity test
Test targets: aphelenchoides besseyi
Test agent the test agent is isothiazolinone (Sigma-Aldrich) containing 3% effective component, wherein the effective component contains CMIT and MIT in a ratio of 3: 1. The drug was diluted to different concentrations with distilled water. Taking a sterile flat-bottom 24-hole cell culture plate, adding about 100 2-instar larvae into each hole, adding 1ml of medicament with each concentration into each hole by using a pipette gun, treating 1ml of sterile water as a control, putting the sterile flat-bottom 24-hole cell culture plate into an incubator at 26 ℃ for culture, observing the shape of each hole of nematode by using a stereoscopic microscope after 48 hours, and slightly touching the 24-hole plate during observation, wherein if the nematode in each hole does not respond to external vibration and still keeps a needle shape or a stiff straight shape, the nematode can be considered to be knocked down.
The results are shown in Table seven. In this test, the mortality rates of C.aphelegans at concentrations of 50, 100 and 200ppm were 35.6%, 56.8% and 93.6%, respectively.
Insecticidal activity of epi-heptaisothiazolinone against aphelenchoides besseyi
Example 8: isothiazolinone toxicity test
Test targets: nilaparvata lugens (Nilaparvata lugens)
The evaluation method is a rice seedling dipping method. The test agent was isothiazolinone (Sigma-Aldrich) containing 3% of effective ingredient, wherein the effective ingredient contains CMIT and MIT in a ratio of 3: 1. The drug was diluted to different concentrations with distilled water. Adding 0.1% Tween-20 into each treated agent, soaking rice seedlings in medicinal liquid with different concentrations for 30s with distilled water containing 0.1% Tween-20 as control, repeating for 3 times at each concentration, inoculating 3-year-old nymph, covering with 20 heads per cup, and covering with gauze. Standing for 2h, removing injured individuals, and placing the device in an artificial climate box with a light cycle of 16h light: 8h at 26 + -1 deg.C. And (3) checking the death number of nymphs after 3d, and taking the immobility of the nymphs after the fine hairbrush touches the bodies as a death standard. The test was ineffective when the mortality rate of the control group exceeded 20%.
The results are shown in Table eight. In this test, the mortality rates for brown planthopper were 38.5%, 61.5% and 88.5% at concentrations of 37.5, 75 and 150ppm, respectively.
Insecticidal Activity of Epoctaisothiazolinones against Nilaparvata lugens
Example 9: isothiazolinone toxicity test
Test targets: bollworm
The evaluation method is an insect-soaking method. The test agent was isothiazolinone (Sigma-Aldrich) containing 3% of effective ingredient, wherein the effective ingredient contains CMIT and MIT in a ratio of 3: 1. Diluting the medicament with distilled water to different concentrations, adding 0.1% of Tween-20 into each treated medicament, taking distilled water containing 0.1% of Tween-20 as a reference, picking 10 heads of 2-year-old cotton bollworm nymphs into a gauze, immersing the gauze in the medicinal liquid for 15s, picking the gauze on filter paper, air-drying the gauze for 0.5h, transferring the gauze into an insect breeding box with feed, and placing the device into a climatic chamber with the light cycle of 16h to 8h at (26 +/-1) DEG C. The number of nymphs dead after 24h was checked, and the immobility after the body of the nymph was touched by the fine hair pen as the death criterion. The test was ineffective when the mortality rate of the control group exceeded 20%.
The results are shown in Table nine. In this test, the cotton bollworm mortality was 60.0%, 80% at concentrations of 150, 300 and 600ppm, respectively.
Insecticidal Activity of epinonaisothiazolinones against Helicoverpa armigera
Example 10: isothiazolinone toxicity test
Test targets: tetranychus urticae
The evaluation method was a slide immersion method. The test agent was isothiazolinone (Sigma-Aldrich) containing 3% of effective ingredient, wherein the effective ingredient contains CMIT and MIT in a ratio of 3: 1. The content ratio is 3: 1. The agents were diluted to different concentrations with distilled water and 0.1% tween-20 was added to each treated agent, using distilled water containing 0.1% tween-20 as a control. Transversely sticking a double-sided adhesive tape with the width of 2.5cm to one end of a glass slide, wherein the length of the double-sided adhesive tape is the same as the width of the glass slide, picking up strong and uniform female adult mites with a No. 0 writing brush, sticking the backs of the adult female adult mites on the adhesive tape, sticking 40 heads of each adhesive tape, dividing the adult female adult mites into 4 rows, putting 10 heads of each row into a clean and nontoxic culture dish, preserving moisture, covering, placing the adult female mite into the culture dish, placing the adult female mite into the; and immersing one end of the glass slide, which is stuck with the female mites, into the liquid medicine to be detected, taking out the glass slide after 5 seconds, and sucking the liquid medicine around the mite bodies. The treated mite slide was placed in a petri dish and left at room temperature. After 24h and 48h, the death was examined under binocular dissection. The death judgment standard is as follows: the dissecting needle touched the mite body lightly, and the death was found without any reaction.
The results are shown in Table ten. In this test, the tetranychus mortality was 28.4%, 52.1% and 86.4% at concentrations of 37.5, 75 and 150ppm, respectively.
Insecticidal Activity of epidecaisothiazolinone against Tetranychus
Example 11: isothiazolinone toxicity test
Test targets: frankliniella occidentalis
The evaluation method is a drug film and leaf soaking method. The test agent was isothiazolinone (Sigma-Aldrich) containing 3% of effective ingredient, wherein the effective ingredient contains CMIT and MIT in a ratio of 3: 1. The agents were diluted to different concentrations with distilled water and 0.1% tween-20 was added to each treated agent, using distilled water containing 0.1% tween-20 as a control. Soaking cotton leaves in the liquid medicine for 10s, taking out, naturally drying until no water mark exists on the surface, soaking the liquid medicine with each concentration in a glass tube with two transparent ends to form a uniform medicine film, placing for two hours, adding the medicine-soaked leaves into a medicine film bottle according to the corresponding concentration, picking 2-year nymphs of Frankliniella occidentalis with a writing brush, sealing 10 heads of each bottle by gauze, repeating each treatment for three times, and placing at room temperature. And recording the number of dead insects and the number of live insects after 24 hours, and calculating the mortality.
The results are shown in Table eleven. In this test, the mortality rate of frankliniella occidentalis was 16.8%, 62.9% and 87.5% at concentrations of 37.5, 75 and 150ppm, respectively.
Insecticidal Activity of epiundethizolinone on Frankliniella occidentalis
Example 12: isothiazolinone toxicity test
Test targets: aedes albopictus
The evaluation method is a nymph soaking method. The test agent was isothiazolinone (Sigma-Aldrich) containing 3% of effective ingredient, wherein the effective ingredient contains CMIT and MIT in a ratio of 3: 1. The agents were diluted to different concentrations with distilled water and 0.1% tween-20 was added to each treated agent, using distilled water containing 0.1% tween-20 as a control. During measurement, each treated agent was made to a volume of 100ml in a beaker, 20 mosquito larvae of aedes albopictus, which are substantially identical in size, were introduced into each beaker, and survival of the larvae was examined after 24 hours. When the test insects are detected, the flat-head tweezers are used for lightly touching the test insects, and if the test insects are not moved, the test insects are judged to be dead.
In this test, the results showed that the activity exhibited at a compound concentration of 3.75ppm or more was 100%.
Insecticidal activity of epidodecaisothiazolinone against aedes albopictus
Example 13: isothiazolinone toxicity test
Test targets: diamondback moth
The evaluation method is a leaf dipping method. The test agent was isothiazolinone (Sigma-Aldrich) containing 3% of effective ingredient, wherein the effective ingredient contains CMIT and MIT in a ratio of 3: 1. The agents were diluted to different concentrations with distilled water and 0.1% tween-20 was added to each treated agent, using distilled water containing 0.1% tween-20 as a control. Cutting cabbage leaves without test eggs, which do not contact with any medicament, into 4cm × 4cm, soaking in the prepared liquid medicine for 10s, taking out, drying, placing into a plastic cup, transplanting 20 diamondback moth second-instar larvae in each repetition (namely each cup), and sealing with black cloth and rubber band. Repeating the treatment for 3 times, placing in a greenhouse at (28 +/-2) DEG C, checking the number of dead and live insects after 72h, and calculating the mortality. If the mortality rate of the control group is more than 20%, the test is redone.
The results are shown in Table thirteen. In this test, there was no significant difference in diamondback moth mortality from the control at concentrations of 75, 150 and 300ppm, indicating that the compound was not effective against diamondback moth.
Insecticidal Activity of Epideridecylisothiazolinones against Plutella xylostella
Example 14: isothiazolinone toxicity test
Test targets: leptospermum scoparium
The evaluation method is an insect-soaking method. The test agent was isothiazolinone (Sigma-Aldrich) containing 3% of effective ingredient, wherein the effective ingredient contains CMIT and MIT in a ratio of 3: 1. The agents were diluted to different concentrations with distilled water and 0.1% tween-20 was added to each treated agent, using distilled water containing 0.1% tween-20 as a control. Taking hibiscus as a host plant, cutting fresh leaves, putting the fresh leaves into a culture dish filled with filter paper, wrapping petioles with gauze, and adding clear water for moisturizing. Dip-dyeing 20 head 2-instar Chinese hibiscus mealybugs for 2 seconds, sucking the Chinese hibiscus mealybugs dry by using filter paper, inoculating the Chinese hibiscus mealybugs into a culture dish with blades, observing and recording the death number of the Chinese hibiscus mealybugs every day until the insects die or exuviate.
The results are shown in Table fourteen. In this test, there was no significant difference in the mortality rate of Lecanicillium rosae at concentrations of 75, 150 and 300ppm from the control, indicating that the compound was not effective against Lecanicillium rosae.
Insecticidal activity of epi-tetradecyl isothiazolinone against Leptospermum scoparium
Example 15: BIT virulence test
Test targets: bemisia tabaci (Fr.) Kuntze
The evaluation method is an adult feeding method. The test agent was 1, 2-benzisothiazol-3-one containing 85% of the active ingredient. The stock solution was diluted to different concentrations with artificial feed (30% sucrose solution in water) for bemisia tabaci, as a control of 15% sucrose in water. The method is characterized in that a Parafilm nutrient solution clamping method is adopted, namely about 100 adults of Bemisia tabaci which are primarily emerged for three days are placed into a glass tube with two through ends, two layers of Parafilm films are covered on the upper end of the glass tube, liquid medicines with different concentrations are added into a gap between the two films, gauze is covered on the lower end of the glass tube to keep ventilation, a layer of tinfoil paper is covered on the periphery of the glass tube to facilitate the Bemisia tabaci to eat feed, the treated glass tube is placed into an artificial climate chamber (the temperature is 26 +/-1 ℃, the relative humidity is 55 +/-10%, and the illumination period is L: D ═ 14 h: 10h), and after 48h feeding is carried out, the death rate of the Bemisia tabaci is recorded.
The results are shown in Table fifteen. In this test, the mortality of Bemisia tabaci was 84.1%, 95.3% and 100.0% at concentrations of 37.5, 75 and 150ppm, respectively.
Insecticidal activity of epipentadecBIT against Bemisia tabaci
Example 16: BIT virulence test
Test targets: greenhouse trialeurodes vaporariorum
The evaluation method is an adult feeding method. The test agent was 1, 2-benzisothiazol-3-one containing 85% of the active ingredient. The stock solution was diluted to 150ppm with artificial feed (30% sucrose solution) for trialeurodes vaporariorum, as a control of 15% sucrose solution. A Parafilm nutrient solution clamping method is adopted, namely about 50 adult greenhouse trialeurodes vaporariorum which is originally emerged for three days is put into a glass tube with two through ends, two layers of Parafilm films are covered on the upper end of the glass tube, liquid medicines with different concentrations are added into a gap between the two films, gauze is covered on the lower end of the glass tube to keep ventilation, a layer of tinfoil paper is covered on the periphery of the glass tube to be beneficial to feeding the greenhouse trialeurodes vaporariorum, the treated glass tube is put into an artificial climate chamber (the temperature is 26 +/-1 ℃, the relative humidity is 55 +/-10%, the illumination period is L: D ═ 14 h: 10h), and after 48h feeding is carried out, the death rate of the greenhouse trialeurodes vaporariorum is recorded.
In this test, the results show that the compound concentration at 150ppm exhibits an activity of 87.5%.
Example 17: BIT virulence test
Test targets: aphids
The evaluation method is a leaf dipping method. The test agent was 1, 2-benzisothiazol-3-one containing 85% of the active ingredient. The formulations were diluted with distilled water to different concentrations and 0.1% tween-20 was added to each treated formulation. Control was distilled water plus 0.1% tween-20. Soaking the complete tobacco leaves with the same size, without pesticide application and without myzus persicae in liquid medicine and distilled water with different concentration gradients for 10s respectively, taking out the leaves, naturally drying the leaves, placing the leaves on a culture medium, picking the wingless adult myzus persicae with the same size with a writing brush, placing the wingless adult myzus persicae on the treated leaves, repeatedly inoculating 50 heads of wingless adult myzus each, covering a culture dish, and wrapping the leaves with gauze and rubber bands. Placing in a constant temperature illumination incubator with the temperature of 25 +/-1 ℃ and the relative humidity of about 80 percent. The number of deaths of myzus persicae was checked at 48 h.
The results are shown in Table sixteen. In this test, aphid mortality was 35.8%, 65.4% and 98.0% at concentrations of 37.5, 75 and 150ppm, respectively.
Insecticidal Activity of EphexadecimaT against aphids
Example 18: BIT virulence test
Test targets: housefly
The evaluation method is an adult feeding method. The test agent was 1, 2-benzisothiazol-3-one containing 85% of the active ingredient. Diluting the preparation with distilled water to 150ppm for use, adding 50ml of each concentration into 10g of housefly feed (milk powder) to obtain bait, and adding 10g of distilled water into the control. 50 housefly pupas are placed in an insect cage in advance, and after the housefly pupas emerge imagoes, the housefly pupas are fed with feeds mixed with medicaments with different concentrations into the insect cage. The number of deaths was checked after 48 h.
In this test, the results show that the compound concentration at 150ppm exhibits an activity of 100%.
Example 19: BIT virulence test
Test targets: fruit fly
The evaluation method is a nymph feeding method. The test agent was 1, 2-benzisothiazol-3-one containing 85% of the active ingredient. Diluting the medicament with distilled water to 150ppm, adding the diluted medicament into a culture medium of fruit flies, uniformly mixing the diluted medicament and the culture medium, gently picking second-instar nymphs of the fruit flies into test tubes filled with the culture medium by using a writing brush, picking 50 nymphs in each test tube, and recording the death rate after 48 hours: 30% sucrose solution was added to each tube, left to stand for 5min, and the number of surviving colonies floating in sucrose solution was recorded.
In this test, the results show that the compound concentration at 150ppm exhibits an activity of 81%.
Example 20: BIT virulence test
Test targets: tetranychus urticae
The evaluation method was a slide immersion method. The test agent was 1, 2-benzisothiazol-3-one containing 85% of the active ingredient. The content ratio is 3: 1. The formulations were diluted to 150ppm with distilled water and 0.1% tween-20 was added to each treated formulation, using distilled water containing 0.1% tween-20 as a control. Transversely sticking a double-sided adhesive tape with the width of 2.5cm to one end of a glass slide, wherein the length of the double-sided adhesive tape is the same as the width of the glass slide, picking up strong and uniform female adult mites with a No. 0 writing brush, sticking the backs of the adult female adult mites on the adhesive tape, sticking 40 heads of each adhesive tape, dividing the adult female adult mites into 4 rows, putting 10 heads of each row into a clean and nontoxic culture dish, preserving moisture, covering, placing the adult female mite into the culture dish, placing the adult female mite into the; and immersing one end of the glass slide, which is stuck with the female mites, into the liquid medicine to be detected, taking out the glass slide after 5 seconds, and sucking the liquid medicine around the mite bodies. The treated mite slide was placed in a petri dish and left at room temperature. After 24h and 48h, the death was examined under binocular dissection. The death judgment standard is as follows: the needle was cut and the mite body was touched slightly, and the patient without any reaction was dead.
In this test, the results show that the compound concentration at 150ppm exhibits an activity of 90%.
Example 21: BIT virulence test
Test targets: frankliniella occidentalis
The evaluation method is a drug film and leaf soaking method. The test agent was 1, 2-benzisothiazol-3-one containing 85% of the active ingredient. The formulations were diluted to 150ppm with distilled water and 0.1% tween-20 was added to each treated formulation, using distilled water containing 0.1% tween-20 as a control. Soaking cotton leaves in the liquid medicine for 10s, taking out, naturally drying until no water mark exists on the surface, soaking the liquid medicine with each concentration in a glass tube with two transparent ends to form a uniform medicine film, placing for two hours, adding the medicine-soaked leaves into a medicine film bottle according to the corresponding concentration, picking 2-year nymphs of Frankliniella occidentalis with a writing brush, sealing 10 heads of each bottle by gauze, repeating each treatment for three times, and placing at room temperature. And recording the number of dead insects and the number of live insects after 24 hours, and calculating the mortality.
In this test, the results showed that the compound concentration at 150ppm exhibited an activity of 86.5%.
Example 22: BIT virulence test
Test targets: aedes albopictus
The evaluation method is a nymph soaking method. The test agent was 1, 2-benzisothiazol-3-one containing 85% of the active ingredient. The formulations were diluted to different concentrations with distilled water and 0.1% tween-20 was added to each treated formulation, using distilled water containing 0.1% tween-20 as a control. During measurement, each treated agent was made to a volume of 100ml in a beaker, 20 mosquito larvae of aedes albopictus, which are substantially identical in size, were introduced into each beaker, and survival of the larvae was examined after 24 hours. When the test insects are detected, the flat-head tweezers are used for lightly touching the test insects, and if the test insects are not moved, the test insects are judged to be dead.
The results are shown in Table seventeen, and it was found that the activity exhibited by the compound at a concentration of 30ppm or more was 100% in this test.
Insecticidal activity of epigeptaden BIT against aedes albopictus
Example 23: BIT virulence test
Test targets: diamondback moth
The evaluation method is a leaf dipping method. The test agent was 1, 2-benzisothiazol-3-one containing 85% of the active ingredient. The agents were diluted to different concentrations with distilled water and 0.1% tween-20 was added to each treated agent, using distilled water containing 0.1% tween-20 as a control. Cutting cabbage leaves without test eggs, which do not contact with any medicament, into 4cm × 4cm, soaking in the prepared liquid medicine for 10s, taking out, drying, placing into a plastic cup, transplanting 20 diamondback moth second-instar larvae in each repetition (namely each cup), and sealing with black cloth and rubber band. Repeating the treatment for 3 times, placing in a greenhouse at (28 +/-2) DEG C, checking the number of dead and live insects after 72h, and calculating the mortality. If the mortality rate of the control group is more than 20%, the test is redone.
In this test, the results show that albino compounds are not effective against diamondback moth.
Example 24: BIT virulence test
Test targets: leptospermum scoparium
The evaluation method is an insect-soaking method. The test agent was 1, 2-benzisothiazol-3-one containing 85% of the active ingredient. The agents were diluted to different concentrations with distilled water and 0.1% tween-20 was added to each treated agent, using distilled water containing 0.1% tween-20 as a control. Taking hibiscus as a host plant, cutting fresh leaves, putting the fresh leaves into a culture dish filled with filter paper, wrapping petioles with gauze, and adding clear water for moisturizing. Dip-dyeing 20 head 2-instar Chinese hibiscus mealybugs for 2 seconds, sucking the Chinese hibiscus mealybugs dry by using filter paper, inoculating the Chinese hibiscus mealybugs into a culture dish with blades, observing and recording the death number of the Chinese hibiscus mealybugs every day until the insects die or exuviate.
In this test, the results indicate that the compound is not effective against Lecanicillium lecanii.
Example 25: OIT toxicity test
Test targets: bemisia tabaci (Fr.) Kuntze
The evaluation method is an adult feeding method. The test agent is 2-octyl-4-isothiazoline-3-ketone, and the content is 100 percent of pure product. The stock solution was diluted to different concentrations with artificial feed (30% sucrose solution in water) for bemisia tabaci, as a control of 15% sucrose in water. The method is characterized in that a Parafilm nutrient solution clamping method is adopted, namely about 100 adults of Bemisia tabaci which are primarily emerged for three days are placed into a glass tube with two through ends, two layers of Parafilm films are covered on the upper end of the glass tube, liquid medicines with different concentrations are added into a gap between the two films, gauze is covered on the lower end of the glass tube to keep ventilation, a layer of tinfoil paper is covered on the periphery of the glass tube to facilitate the Bemisia tabaci to eat feed, the treated glass tube is placed into an artificial climate chamber (the temperature is 26 +/-1 ℃, the relative humidity is 55 +/-10%, the illumination period is L: D: 14 h: 10h), and the death rate of the Bemisia tabaci is recorded after 48h feeding.
The results are shown in Table eighteen. In this test, aphid mortality was 84.0%, 100.0% and 100.0% at concentrations of 37.5, 75 and 150ppm, respectively.
Insecticidal Activity of Epicoat against Bemisia tabaci
Example 26: OIT toxicity test
Test targets: greenhouse trialeurodes vaporariorum
The evaluation method is an adult feeding method. The test agent is 2-octyl-4-isothiazoline-3-ketone, and the content is 100 percent of pure product. The stock solution was diluted to 150ppm with artificial feed (30% sucrose solution) for trialeurodes vaporariorum, as a control of 15% sucrose solution. The method is characterized in that a Parafilm nutrient solution clamping method is adopted, namely, about 100 adult greenhouse trialeurodes vaporariorum which is originally emerged for three days is placed into a glass tube with two through ends, two layers of Parafilm films are covered on the upper end of the glass tube, liquid medicines with different concentrations are added into a gap between the two films, gauze is covered on the lower end of the glass tube to keep ventilation, a layer of tinfoil paper is covered on the periphery of the glass tube to facilitate feeding of the greenhouse trialeurodes vaporariorum, the treated glass tube is placed into an artificial climate chamber (the temperature is 26 +/-1 ℃, the relative humidity is 55 +/-10%, the illumination period is L: D: 14 h: 10h), and after 48h feeding is carried out, the death rate of the greenhouse trialeurodes vaporariorum is recorded.
In this test, the results showed that the compound concentration at 150ppm exhibited an activity of 83.7%.
Example 27: OIT toxicity test
Test targets: aphids
The evaluation method is a leaf dipping method. The test agent is 2-octyl-4-isothiazoline-3-ketone, and the content is 100 percent of pure product. The formulations were diluted with distilled water to different concentrations and 0.1% tween-20 was added to each treated formulation. Control was distilled water plus 0.1% tween-20. Soaking the complete tobacco leaves with the same size, without pesticide application and without myzus persicae in liquid medicine and distilled water with different concentration gradients for 10s respectively, taking out the leaves, naturally drying the leaves, placing the leaves on a culture medium, picking the wingless adult myzus persicae with the same size with a writing brush, placing the wingless adult myzus persicae on the treated leaves, repeatedly inoculating 50 heads of wingless adult myzus each, covering a culture dish, and wrapping the leaves with gauze and rubber bands. Placing in a constant temperature illumination incubator with the temperature of 25 +/-1 ℃ and the relative humidity of about 80 percent. The number of deaths of myzus persicae was checked at 48 h.
The results are shown in Table nineteen. In this test, aphid mortality was 26.9%, 46.8% and 75.6% at concentrations of 75, 150 and 300ppm, respectively.
TABLE nineteen OIT insecticidal Activity against aphids
Example 28: OIT toxicity test
Test targets: housefly
The evaluation method is an adult feeding method. The test agent is 2-octyl-4-isothiazoline-3-ketone, and the content is 100 percent of pure product. Diluting the preparation with distilled water to 150ppm for use, adding 50ml of each concentration into 10g of housefly feed (milk powder) to obtain bait, and adding 10g of distilled water into the control. 50 housefly pupas are placed in an insect cage in advance, and after the housefly pupas emerge imagoes, the housefly pupas are fed with feeds mixed with medicaments with different concentrations into the insect cage. The number of deaths was checked after 48 h.
In this test, the results show that the compound concentration at 150ppm exhibits an activity of 100%.
Example 29: OIT toxicity test
Test targets: fruit fly
The evaluation method is a nymph feeding method. The test agent is 2-octyl-4-isothiazoline-3-ketone, and the content is 100 percent of pure product. Diluting the medicament with distilled water to 150ppm, adding the diluted medicament into a culture medium of fruit flies, uniformly mixing the diluted medicament and the culture medium, gently picking second-instar nymphs of the fruit flies into test tubes filled with the culture medium by using a writing brush, picking 50 nymphs in each test tube, and recording the death rate after 48 hours: 30% sucrose solution was added to each tube, left to stand for 5min, and the number of surviving colonies floating in sucrose solution was recorded.
In this test, the results show an activity of 82% at a compound concentration of 150 ppm.
Example 30: OIT toxicity test
Test targets: frankliniella occidentalis
The evaluation method is a drug film and leaf soaking method. The test agent is 2-octyl-4-isothiazoline-3-ketone, and the content is 100 percent of pure product. The formulations were diluted to 150ppm with distilled water and 0.1% tween-20 was added to each treated formulation, using distilled water containing 0.1% tween-20 as a control. Soaking cotton leaves in the liquid medicine for 10s, taking out, naturally drying until no water mark exists on the surface, soaking the liquid medicine with each concentration in a glass tube with two transparent ends to form a uniform medicine film, placing for two hours, adding the medicine-soaked leaves into a medicine film bottle according to the corresponding concentration, picking 2-year nymphs of Frankliniella occidentalis with a writing brush, sealing 10 heads of each bottle by gauze, repeating each treatment for three times, and placing at room temperature. And recording the number of dead insects and the number of live insects after 24 hours, and calculating the mortality.
In this test, the results show that the compound concentration at 150ppm exhibits an activity of 78%.
Example 31: OIT toxicity test
Test targets: tetranychus urticae
The evaluation method was a slide immersion method. The test agent is 2-octyl-4-isothiazoline-3-ketone, and the content is 100 percent of pure product. The formulations were diluted to 150ppm with distilled water and 0.1% tween-20 was added to each treated formulation, using distilled water containing 0.1% tween-20 as a control. Transversely sticking a double-sided adhesive tape with the width of 2.5cm to one end of a glass slide, wherein the length of the double-sided adhesive tape is the same as the width of the glass slide, picking up strong and uniform female adult mites with a No. 0 writing brush, sticking the backs of the adult female adult mites on the adhesive tape, sticking 40 heads of each adhesive tape, dividing the adult female adult mites into 4 rows, putting 10 heads of each row into a clean and nontoxic culture dish, preserving moisture, covering, placing the adult female mite into the culture dish, placing the adult female mite into the; and immersing one end of the glass slide, which is stuck with the female mites, into the liquid medicine to be detected, taking out the glass slide after 5 seconds, and sucking the liquid medicine around the mite bodies. The treated mite slide was placed in a petri dish and left at room temperature. After 24h and 48h, the death was examined under binocular dissection. The death judgment standard is as follows: the needle was cut and the mite body was touched slightly, and the patient without any reaction was dead.
In this test, the results showed that the compound concentration at 150ppm exhibited an activity of 88.6%.
Example 32: OIT toxicity test
Test targets: aedes albopictus
The evaluation method is a nymph soaking method. The test agent is 2-octyl-4-isothiazoline-3-ketone, and the content is 100 percent of pure product. The formulations were diluted to different concentrations with distilled water and 0.1% tween-20 was added to each treated formulation, using distilled water containing 0.1% tween-20 as a control. During measurement, each treated agent was made to a volume of 100ml in a beaker, 20 mosquito larvae of aedes albopictus, which are substantially identical in size, were introduced into each beaker, and survival of the larvae was examined after 24 hours. When the test insects are detected, the flat-head tweezers are used for lightly touching the test insects, and if the test insects are not moved, the test insects are judged to be dead.
As shown in Table twenty, the test showed that the compound concentration of 30ppm or more exhibited an activity of 100%.
Insecticidal Activity of Epicosoviet on Aedes albopictus
Example 33: OIT toxicity test
Test targets: diamondback moth
The evaluation method is a leaf dipping method. The test agent is 2-octyl-4-isothiazoline-3-ketone, and the content is 100 percent of pure product. The agents were diluted to different concentrations with distilled water and 0.1% tween-20 was added to each treated agent, using distilled water containing 0.1% tween-20 as a control. Cutting cabbage leaves without test eggs, which do not contact with any medicament, into 4cm × 4cm, soaking in the prepared liquid medicine for 10s, taking out, drying, placing into a plastic cup, transplanting 20 diamondback moth second-instar larvae in each repetition (namely each cup), and sealing with black cloth and rubber band. Repeating the treatment for 3 times, placing in a greenhouse at (28 +/-2) DEG C, checking the number of dead and live insects after 72h, and calculating the mortality. If the mortality rate of the control group is more than 20%, the test is redone.
In this test, the results show that albino compounds are not effective against diamondback moth.
Example 34: OIT toxicity test
Test targets: leptospermum scoparium
The evaluation method is an insect-soaking method. The test agent is 2-octyl-4-isothiazoline-3-ketone, and the content is 100 percent of pure product. The agents were diluted to different concentrations with distilled water and 0.1% tween-20 was added to each treated agent, using distilled water containing 0.1% tween-20 as a control. Taking hibiscus as a host plant, cutting fresh leaves, putting the fresh leaves into a culture dish filled with filter paper, wrapping petioles with gauze, and adding clear water for moisturizing. Dip-dyeing 20 head 2-instar Chinese hibiscus mealybugs for 2 seconds, sucking the Chinese hibiscus mealybugs dry by using filter paper, inoculating the Chinese hibiscus mealybugs into a culture dish with blades, observing and recording the death number of the Chinese hibiscus mealybugs every day until the insects die or exuviate.
In this test, the results indicate that the compound is not effective against Lecanicillium lecanii.
Example 35: DCOIT virulence test
Experiment target: bemisia tabaci (Fr.) Kuntze
The evaluation method is an adult feeding method. The test agent was 4, 5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolinone, containing 30% of active ingredient. The stock solution was diluted to different concentrations with artificial feed (30% sucrose solution) for bemisia tabaci, as a control of 15% sucrose solution. The method is characterized in that a Parafilm nutrient solution clamping method is adopted, namely about 100 adults of Bemisia tabaci which are primarily emerged for three days are placed into a glass tube with two through ends, two layers of Parafilm films are covered on the upper end of the glass tube, liquid medicines with different concentrations are added into a gap between the two films, gauze is covered on the lower end of the glass tube to keep ventilation, a layer of tinfoil paper is covered on the periphery of the glass tube to facilitate the Bemisia tabaci to eat feed, the treated glass tube is placed into an artificial climate chamber (the temperature is 26 +/-1 ℃, the relative humidity is 55 +/-10%, and the illumination period is L: D ═ 14 h: 10h), and after 48h feeding is carried out, the death rate of the Bemisia tabaci is recorded.
The results are shown in Table twenty one. In this test, the mortality of bemisia tabaci was 70.9%, 89.0% and 98.9% at concentrations of 37.5, 75 and 150ppm, respectively.
Insecticidal Activity of Epicosanoic DCOIT against Bemisia tabaci
Example 36: DCOIT virulence test
Test targets: greenhouse trialeurodes vaporariorum
The evaluation method is an adult feeding method. The test agent was 4, 5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolinone, containing 30% of active ingredient. The stock solution was diluted to different concentrations with artificial feed (30% sucrose solution) for trialeurodes vaporariorum, as a control of 15% sucrose solution. The method is characterized in that a Parafilm nutrient solution clamping method is adopted, namely, about 100 adult greenhouse trialeurodes vaporariorum which is originally emerged for three days is put into a glass tube with two through ends, two layers of Parafilm films are covered on the upper end of the glass tube, liquid medicines with different concentrations are added into a gap between the two films, gauze is covered on the lower end of the glass tube to keep ventilation, a layer of tinfoil paper is covered on the periphery of the glass tube to facilitate feeding of the greenhouse trialeurodes vaporariorum, the treated glass tube is put into an artificial climate chamber (the temperature is 26 +/-1 ℃, the relative humidity is 55 +/-10%, the illumination period is L: D ═ 14 h: 10h), and after 48h feeding is carried out, the death rate of the greenhouse trialeurodes vaporariorum is recorded.
As shown in Table twenty-two, the mortality of the greenhouse trialeurodes vaporariorum was 100.0% in this test at a concentration of 37.5ppm and above.
Insecticidal Activity of Epicornia-dodecadcoit against greenhouse Bemisia alba
Example 37: DCOIT virulence test
Test targets: aphids
The evaluation method is a leaf dipping method. The test agent was 4, 5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolinone, containing 30% of active ingredient. The formulations were diluted with distilled water to different concentrations and 0.1% tween-20 was added to each treated formulation. Control was distilled water plus 0.1% tween-20. Soaking the complete tobacco leaves with the same size, without pesticide application and without myzus persicae in liquid medicine and distilled water with different concentration gradients for 10s respectively, taking out the leaves, naturally drying the leaves, placing the leaves on a culture medium, picking the wingless adult myzus persicae with the same size with a writing brush, placing the wingless adult myzus persicae on the treated leaves, repeatedly inoculating 50 heads of wingless adult myzus each, covering a culture dish, and wrapping the leaves with gauze and rubber bands. Placing in a constant temperature illumination incubator with the temperature of 25 +/-1 ℃ and the relative humidity of about 80 percent. The number of deaths of myzus persicae was checked at 48 h.
The results are shown in Table twenty three. In this test, the mortality of bemisia tabaci was 22.0%, 31.3%, 64.0% and 93.8% at concentrations of 37.5, 75, 150 and 300ppm, respectively.
Insecticidal Activity of EpideridecylDCOIT against greenhouse whitefly
Example 38: DCOIT virulence test
Test targets: housefly
The evaluation method is an adult feeding method. The test agent was 4, 5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolinone, containing 30% of active ingredient. Diluting the preparation with distilled water to 150ppm for use, adding 50ml of each concentration into 10g of housefly feed (milk powder) to obtain bait, and adding 10g of distilled water into the control. 50 housefly pupas are placed in an insect cage in advance, and after the housefly pupas emerge imagoes, the housefly pupas are fed with feeds mixed with medicaments with different concentrations into the insect cage. The number of deaths was checked after 48 h.
In this test, the results show that the compound concentration at 150ppm exhibits an activity of 100%.
Example 39: DCOIT virulence test
Test targets: fruit fly
The evaluation method is a nymph feeding method. The test agent was 4, 5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolinone, containing 30% of active ingredient. Diluting the medicament with distilled water to 150ppm, adding the diluted medicament into a culture medium of fruit flies, uniformly mixing the diluted medicament and the culture medium, gently picking second-instar nymphs of the fruit flies into test tubes filled with the culture medium by using a writing brush, picking 50 nymphs in each test tube, and recording the death rate after 48 hours: 30% sucrose solution was added to each tube, left to stand for 5min, and the number of surviving colonies floating in sucrose solution was recorded.
In this test, the results show that the compound concentration at 150ppm exhibits an activity of 80%.
Example 40: DCOIT virulence test
Test targets: aedes albopictus
The evaluation method is a nymph soaking method. The test agent was 4, 5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolinone, containing 30% of active ingredient. The formulations were diluted to different concentrations with distilled water and 0.1% tween-20 was added to each treated formulation, using distilled water containing 0.1% tween-20 as a control. During measurement, each treated agent was made to a volume of 100ml in a beaker, 20 mosquito larvae of aedes albopictus, which are substantially identical in size, were introduced into each beaker, and survival of the larvae was examined after 24 hours. When the test insects are detected, the flat-head tweezers are used for lightly touching the test insects, and if the test insects are not moved, the test insects are judged to be dead.
In this test, the results show that the compound concentration at 30ppm exhibits an activity of 100%.
Example 41: DCOIT virulence test
Test targets: pine wood nematode
The test agent was 4, 5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolinone, containing 30% of active ingredient. The formulation was diluted to 150ppm with distilled water. Taking a sterile flat-bottom 24-hole cell culture plate, adding about 100 2-instar larvae into each hole, adding 1ml of 150ppm medicament into each hole by using a pipette gun, treating 1ml of sterile water as a control, putting the control into an incubator at 26 ℃, culturing for 48 hours, observing the shape of each hole of nematode by using a stereoscopic microscope, and touching the 24-hole plate when observing, wherein if the nematode in the hole does not respond to external vibration and still keeps a needle shape or a stiff straight shape, the nematode can be considered to be knocked down.
In this test, the results show that the compound concentration at 150ppm exhibits an activity of 84%.
Example 42: DCOIT virulence test
Test targets: aphelenchoides besseyi
The test agent was 4, 5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolinone, containing 30% of active ingredient. The formulation was diluted to 150ppm with distilled water. Taking a sterile flat-bottom 24-hole cell culture plate, adding about 100 2-instar larvae into each hole, adding 1ml of 150ppm medicament into each hole by using a pipette gun, treating 1ml of sterile water as a control, putting the control into an incubator at 26 ℃, culturing for 48 hours, observing the shape of each hole of nematode by using a stereoscopic microscope, and touching the 24-hole plate when observing, wherein if the nematode in the hole does not respond to external vibration and still keeps a needle shape or a stiff straight shape, the nematode can be considered to be knocked down.
In this test, the results showed an activity of 82.8% at a compound concentration of 150 ppm.
Example 43: DCOIT virulence test
Test targets: diamondback moth
The evaluation method is a leaf dipping method. 4, 5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolinone, containing 30% of effective component. The agents were diluted to different concentrations with distilled water and 0.1% tween-20 was added to each treated agent, using distilled water containing 0.1% tween-20 as a control. Cutting cabbage leaves without test eggs, which do not contact with any medicament, into 4cm × 4cm, soaking in the prepared liquid medicine for 10s, taking out, drying, placing into a plastic cup, transplanting 20 diamondback moth second-instar larvae in each repetition (namely each cup), and sealing with black cloth and rubber band. Repeating the treatment for 3 times, placing in a greenhouse at (28 +/-2) DEG C, checking the number of dead and live insects after 72h, and calculating the mortality. If the mortality rate of the control group is more than 20%, the test is redone.
In this test, the results show that albino compounds are not effective against diamondback moth.
Example 44: DCOIT virulence test
Test targets: leptospermum scoparium
The evaluation method is an insect-soaking method. 4, 5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolinone, containing 30% of effective component. The agents were diluted to different concentrations with distilled water and 0.1% tween-20 was added to each treated agent, using distilled water containing 0.1% tween-20 as a control. Taking hibiscus as a host plant, cutting fresh leaves, putting the fresh leaves into a culture dish filled with filter paper, wrapping petioles with gauze, and adding clear water for moisturizing. Dip-dyeing 20 head 2-instar Chinese hibiscus mealybugs for 2 seconds, sucking the Chinese hibiscus mealybugs dry by using filter paper, inoculating the Chinese hibiscus mealybugs into a culture dish with blades, observing and recording the death number of the Chinese hibiscus mealybugs every day until the insects die or exuviate.
In this test, the results indicate that the compound is not effective against Lecanicillium lecanii.
Claims (9)
1. The application of benzisothiazolinone in preventing or killing pests is characterized in that the structural formula of the benzisothiazolinone is shown as a formula V,
2. use according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of benzisothiazolinone is from 30ppm to 150 ppm.
3. Use according to claim 2, wherein the concentration of benzisothiazolinone is from 30 to 120 ppm.
4. Use according to claim 3, wherein the concentration of benzisothiazolinone is 30 to 60 ppm.
5. The use of claim 1, wherein the pest is:
aleyrodidae, planthopper, aphididae in hemiptera pests of the class Insecta;
drosophila, Muscaidae, and Muscaidae in Insecta Diptera;
noctuidae in lepidopteran pests of the class entomophyceae;
thrips in insects from the order thysanoptera;
tetranychidae in arachnidae order Acarina pests;
the family of aphelenchoideae in nematodes.
6. The use of claim 5, wherein the pests are:
whitefly, brown planthopper and Oncorhynchus in Hemiptera pests of Insecta;
drosophila, fly, Aedes, Anopheles, Culex among insect pests of Diptera
Helicoverpa in lepidopteran pests of the class insecta;
thrips species in insect pests of the order thysanoptera;
spider mites in arachnidae acarina pests;
leptospira species among nematodes.
7. The use of claim 6, wherein the pests are:
bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Nilaparvata lugens, Nilaparvata tabaci among Hemiptera pests of Insecta;
fruit fly, house fly, Aedes albopictus in insect class diptera pest;
cotton bollworm in insect lepidopteran pests;
frankliniella occidentalis in insect pests of the order thysanoptera;
spider mites in arachnida acarina pests;
the nematodes include Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Aphelenchus aphyllus oryzae.
8. Use according to claim 1, wherein the benzisothiazolinone is used for preventing or killing pests on plants.
9. The use of claim 8, wherein the benzisothiazolinone is administered by: plant locus application or soil application or for water treatment.
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| CN201910939526.9A CN110731344A (en) | 2019-09-30 | 2019-09-30 | insecticides and application thereof |
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| CN110731344A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-01-31 | 浙江大学 | insecticides and application thereof |
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| CN111887256B (en) | 2021-09-07 |
| CN110731344A (en) | 2020-01-31 |
| WO2021063177A1 (en) | 2021-04-08 |
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