CN111883874B - Variable thermal resistance thermal management system of battery and control method - Google Patents
Variable thermal resistance thermal management system of battery and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111883874B CN111883874B CN202010486300.0A CN202010486300A CN111883874B CN 111883874 B CN111883874 B CN 111883874B CN 202010486300 A CN202010486300 A CN 202010486300A CN 111883874 B CN111883874 B CN 111883874B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/635—Control systems based on ambient temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
- H01M10/6555—Rods or plates arranged between the cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention relates to a variable thermal resistance thermal management system of a battery and a control method, wherein the management system comprises a battery pack, a first water inlet, a second water inlet, a first water outlet, a second water outlet, a first electromagnetic valve, a second electromagnetic valve, a third electromagnetic valve, a fourth electromagnetic valve, a first electronic water pump, a second electronic water pump and a cooling flow channel; the control method comprises the steps of controlling the opening and closing time of the first electromagnetic valve, the second electromagnetic valve, the third electromagnetic valve and the fourth electromagnetic valve according to the environmental condition of the automobile, the running condition of the automobile, the highest temperature of the battery and the internal temperature difference of the battery, and controlling the rotating speed of the first electronic water pump and the rotating speed of the second electronic water pump. Its advantages are: the battery can be refrigerated and heated, and the thermal resistance can be changed according to the running working condition and the environmental condition of the automobile; controlling the switching time and sequence of the water pump and the electromagnetic valve; therefore, the temperature stability of the battery is effectively controlled, the fluctuation is reduced, the temperature difference inside the battery is reduced, and the performance of the battery is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy automobile power batteries, in particular to a thermal management system with variable thermal resistance of a battery and a control method.
Background
With the increasing tension of global energy supply and demand and environmental protection, the demand for new energy automobiles is increasing. Although new energy automobiles comprise various types, pure electric automobiles and hybrid electric automobiles are developed most rapidly, and the cruising performance and the service life of battery performance are technical points for various automobile enterprises to struggle, and are the foundation for being able to stand on the new energy market. Therefore, the improvement of the endurance performance and the service life of the battery is particularly urgent, wherein the battery thermal management system technology is one of the decisive technologies influencing the performance of the battery. The higher and higher requirements on the performance of the battery mean that the technical requirements on the thermal management system of the battery are higher and higher.
Battery thermal management systems are important to battery life and range. The temperature of the battery cannot be too high or too low, and the battery must work in a proper working temperature range, generally between 10 ℃ and 30 ℃, and the performance of the battery is attenuated to different degrees when the temperature exceeds a normal working temperature range. For example, the domestic environment temperature is about-20-45 ℃, and the battery needs to be cooled in the high-temperature environment in summer. In a low temperature environment in winter, the battery needs to be heated. In another important aspect, the battery pack is formed by connecting dozens or hundreds of battery chips in series and parallel, and if the temperature difference inside the battery is large, the performance of the battery can be rapidly attenuated.
The battery thermal management system aims to control the temperature of the battery and the temperature difference inside the battery within an allowable range, ensure the normal operation of the battery, and prolong the endurance performance and the service life of the battery.
The prior art is as follows: the schematic diagram of the cooling structure of the battery is shown in fig. 1 (a) and fig. 1 (b), when the battery works, the inside of the battery can perform electrochemical reaction, release certain heat, the heat is transferred to the cold plate 4 'through the heat conducting gasket 3', and then the cooling liquid in the cooling flow channel 5 'and the surface of the cold plate 4' realize heat exchange in a convection mode.
However, this kind of heat exchange method has certain disadvantages, heat is transferred to the cold plate through the heat conduction gasket, and then is transferred to the cooling liquid from the cold plate, the heat exchange time is longer, the heat exchange efficiency is low, if the vehicle runs in a severe working condition, for example, the environment temperature is in a high temperature environment above 40 ℃ or a low temperature environment below-15 ℃, the battery produces too much heat and can not be taken away by the cooling liquid in time, or the battery core temperature is too low and can not be effectively kept within the normal working temperature range, the internal temperature of the battery is ultrahigh or ultralow, the internal temperature difference is increased, and the battery performance attenuation is serious. Because the performance of the battery is very sensitive to the temperature, the performance of the battery can be effectively ensured only by controlling the temperature of the battery and the internal temperature difference within a reasonable range.
The foregoing description is provided for general background information and is not admitted to be prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a variable thermal resistance thermal management system of a battery and a control method.
The invention provides a variable thermal resistance thermal management system of a battery, which comprises a battery pack and flow channels arranged inside and outside the battery pack; the battery pack comprises a plurality of battery modules, and each battery module comprises a plurality of stacked battery cores, an aluminum alloy cold plate arranged between every two adjacent battery cores and an aluminum alloy bottom plate arranged at the lower end of each battery core; the flow channel comprises a module outer flow channel arranged outside the battery module and a module inner flow channel arranged between the battery cores, and the module outer flow channel and the module inner flow channel are connected into a whole; the module inner flow passage is arranged in the cold plate and comprises a first inner flow passage, a second inner flow passage and a plurality of third inner flow passages which are parallel to each other and are connected with the first inner flow passage and the second inner flow passage; the first inner flow channel, the second inner flow channel and the third inner flow channel are all linear structures, the first inner flow channel and the second inner flow channel extend along the height direction of the battery cell, and the third inner flow channel extends along the width direction of the battery cell perpendicular to the height direction of the battery cell; the module outer flow channel comprises a first outer flow channel, a second outer flow channel, a third outer flow channel and a fourth outer flow channel, and the first outer flow channel, the second outer flow channel, the third outer flow channel and the fourth outer flow channel extend along a stacking direction of the battery cells, which is perpendicular to a height direction of the battery cells and a width direction of the battery cells; the first outer flow channel, the second outer flow channel, the third outer flow channel and the fourth outer flow channel are all linear structures, the first outer flow channel and the second outer flow channel are arranged at the upper part of the battery module and are respectively positioned at two opposite sides of the battery module, and the third outer flow channel and the fourth outer flow channel are arranged at the lower part of the battery module and are respectively positioned at two opposite sides of the battery module; the first inner flow passage is communicated with the first outer flow passage and the third outer flow passage, the second inner flow passage is communicated with the second outer flow passage and the fourth outer flow passage, a first electronic water pump is arranged on the first outer flow passage, a second electronic water pump is arranged on the second outer flow passage, and a first electromagnetic valve, a second electromagnetic valve, a third electromagnetic valve and a fourth electromagnetic valve are respectively arranged on the first outer flow passage, the second outer flow passage, the third outer flow passage and the fourth outer flow passage; the variable thermal resistance thermal management system of the battery further comprises a temperature sensor used for collecting the temperature of the battery and a control module in signal connection with the first electronic water pump, the second electronic water pump, the first electromagnetic valve, the second electromagnetic valve, the third electromagnetic valve and the fourth electromagnetic valve, wherein the control module controls the working states of the first electronic water pump and the second electronic water pump and the opening and closing of the first electromagnetic valve, the second electromagnetic valve, the third electromagnetic valve and the fourth electromagnetic valve according to the temperature of the battery.
A variable thermal resistance thermal management method of a battery is applied to the variable thermal resistance thermal management system of the battery, and comprises the following steps:
collecting the temperature of the battery;
judging whether the battery has a thermal management requirement or not according to the temperature of the battery;
when the battery has a thermal management requirement, further determining the working mode of the variable thermal resistance thermal management system of the battery according to the temperature of the battery;
and adjusting the working states of the first electronic water pump and the second electronic water pump and the working states of the first electromagnetic valve, the second electromagnetic valve, the third electromagnetic valve and the fourth electromagnetic valve according to the determined working mode.
Further, judging whether the battery has a thermal management requirement according to the battery temperature comprises:
if the battery temperature is lower than the first set temperature, judging that the battery has no thermal management requirement;
and if the temperature of the battery is higher than the first set temperature, determining that the battery has a thermal management requirement.
Further, determining the operating mode of the variable thermal resistance thermal management system of the battery according to the temperature of the battery comprises:
if the temperature of the battery is between a first set temperature and a second set temperature, determining that the variable thermal resistance thermal management system of the battery works in a third mode, wherein the third mode is that one electronic water pump and two electromagnetic valves are in an open state, the first electronic water pump starts to work, the first electromagnetic valve and the third electromagnetic valve are opened, the second electronic water pump stops working, and the second electromagnetic valve and the fourth electromagnetic valve are closed;
or the second electronic water pump starts to work, and the second electromagnetic valve and the fourth electromagnetic valve are opened; the first electronic water pump stops working, and the first electromagnetic valve and the third electromagnetic valve are closed;
if the temperature of the battery is between a second set temperature and a third set temperature, determining that the variable thermal resistance thermal management system of the battery works in a first mode, starting working of the first electronic water pump and the second electronic water pump at the same rotating speed, and opening the first electromagnetic valve, the second electromagnetic valve, the third electromagnetic valve and the fourth electromagnetic valve;
if the temperature of the battery is between a third set temperature and a fourth set temperature, determining that the variable thermal resistance thermal management system of the battery works in a fourth mode, wherein the fourth mode is that one electronic water pump and two electromagnetic valves are in an open state, the first electronic water pump starts to work, and the first electromagnetic valve and the fourth electromagnetic valve are opened; the second electronic water pump stops working, and the second electromagnetic valve and the third electromagnetic valve are closed;
or the second electronic water pump starts to work, the second electromagnetic valve and the third electromagnetic valve are opened, the first electronic water pump stops working, and the first electromagnetic valve and the fourth electromagnetic valve are closed;
and if the temperature of the battery is higher than a fourth temperature, judging that the variable thermal resistance thermal management system of the battery works in a second mode, starting the first electronic water pump and the second electronic water pump to work at different rotating speeds, and opening the first electromagnetic valve, the second electromagnetic valve, the third electromagnetic valve and the fourth electromagnetic valve.
The thermal management system with the variable thermal resistance of the battery can realize refrigeration and heating of the battery and variable thermal resistance according to the running working condition and the environmental condition of an automobile; controlling the switching time and sequence of the water pump and the electromagnetic valve; therefore, the temperature stability of the battery is effectively controlled, the fluctuation is reduced, the temperature difference inside the battery is reduced, and the performance of the battery is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of a prior art battery cooling structure.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a variable thermal resistance thermal management system for a battery of the present invention.
Fig. 3 (a) to 3 (c) are schematic structural views of the battery module.
Fig. 4 (a) to 4 (b) are schematic plan views of the flow channel in the module.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a cooling flow path of a variable thermal resistance thermal management system for a battery.
Fig. 6 is a schematic flow diagram of coolant in the first mode of operation.
Fig. 7 is a schematic flow diagram of coolant in the second mode of operation.
Fig. 8 is a schematic flow diagram of coolant in the third mode of operation.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the coolant flow direction in the fourth operation mode.
Fig. 10 is a flow chart illustrating a method for variable thermal resistance thermal management of a battery in accordance with the present invention.
The reference numerals and components referred to in the drawings are as follows:
2. battery cell 3 and cold plate
3 ', heat conducting gasket 4', cold plate
5', cooling flow channel
4. Bottom plate 5, cooling flow channel
6. A first water inlet 7 and a second water inlet
8. A first water outlet 9 and a second water outlet
10. First electromagnetic valve 11, second electromagnetic valve
12. Third solenoid valve 13, fourth solenoid valve
14. Battery pack 15 and first electronic water pump
16. Second electronic water pump 17, first outer runner
18. Second outer flow passage 19, third outer flow passage
20. Fourth outer flow passage 21, first inner flow passage
22. Second inner flow passage 23, third inner flow passage
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The terms first, second, third, fourth and the like in the description and in the claims of the present invention are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order.
First embodiment
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a variable thermal resistance thermal management system of the battery of the present embodiment. Referring to fig. 2, the variable thermal resistance thermal management system for a battery includes a battery pack 14 and a flow channel disposed inside and outside the battery pack 14. The coolant in the flow channel can exchange heat with the battery pack 14 to cool the battery pack 14 when the cell temperature in the battery pack 14 is high.
Specifically, the battery pack 14 includes a plurality of battery modules, please refer to fig. 3 (a), fig. 3 (b), and fig. 3 (c), each of which includes a plurality of stacked battery cells 2, an aluminum alloy cold plate 3 disposed between adjacent battery cells 2, and an aluminum alloy bottom plate 4 disposed at a lower end of the battery cells 2.
The runner is including locating the outer runner of the module outside the battery module and locating the runner in the module between electric core 2. The module outer runner and the module inner runner are connected into a whole.
Referring to fig. 4 (a), fig. 4 (b) and fig. 5, the module outer flow passages include a first outer flow passage 17, a second outer flow passage 18, a third outer flow passage 19 and a fourth outer flow passage 20. In this embodiment, the first outer flow channel 17, the second outer flow channel 18, the third outer flow channel 19 and the fourth outer flow channel 20 are all linear structures, and the first outer flow channel 17 and the second outer flow channel 18 are disposed at the upper portion of the battery module and are respectively located at two opposite sides of the battery module. The third outer flow channel 19 and the fourth outer flow channel 20 are disposed at a lower portion of the battery module and are located at two opposite sides of the battery module, respectively.
The module inner flow channel is arranged in the cold plate 3 and comprises a first inner flow channel 21, a second inner flow channel 22 and a plurality of third inner flow channels 23 which are parallel to each other and are connected with the first inner flow channel 21 and the second inner flow channel 22. The first inner flow channel 21, the second inner flow channel 22, and the third inner flow channel 23 are all linear structures, the first inner flow channel 21 and the second inner flow channel 22 extend in a first direction (i.e., the height direction of the battery cell 2), the third inner flow channel 23 extends in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction (i.e., the width direction of the battery cell 2), and the first outer flow channel 17, the second outer flow channel 18, the third outer flow channel 19, and the fourth outer flow channel 20 extend in a third direction perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction (i.e., the stacking direction of the battery cell 2). The first inner flow passage 21 is communicated with the first outer flow passage 17 and the third outer flow passage 19, the second inner flow passage 22 is communicated with the second outer flow passage 18 and the fourth outer flow passage 20, the first outer flow passage 17 is provided with a first electronic water pump 15, the second outer flow passage 18 is provided with a second electronic water pump 16, and the first outer flow passage 17, the second outer flow passage 18, the third outer flow passage 19 and the fourth outer flow passage 20 are respectively provided with a first electromagnetic valve 10, a second electromagnetic valve 11, a third electromagnetic valve 12 and a fourth electromagnetic valve 13. In the present embodiment, the in-module flow channel is formed by an orifice groove provided in the cold plate 3, and the out-module flow channel is formed in an aluminum alloy pipe provided outside the battery module.
Further, the variable thermal resistance thermal management system for the battery further comprises a temperature sensor for sensing the temperature of the battery, and a control module in signal connection with the first electronic water pump 15, the second electronic water pump 16, the first electromagnetic valve 10, the second electromagnetic valve 11, the third electromagnetic valve 12 and the fourth electromagnetic valve 13, wherein the control module controls the working states of the first electronic water pump 15 and the second electronic water pump 16 and the opening and closing of the first electromagnetic valve 10, the second electromagnetic valve 11, the third electromagnetic valve 12 and the fourth electromagnetic valve 13 according to the temperature of the battery, so that the variable thermal resistance thermal management system for the battery works in different modes according to the temperature range of the battery, variable thermal resistance control is realized, and different thermal management requirements are met, specifically as follows:
referring to fig. 10, the method for variable thermal resistance thermal management of a battery according to the present invention includes:
step S10: collecting the temperature of the battery;
step S11: judging whether the battery has a thermal management requirement or not according to the temperature of the battery;
step S12: if the temperature of the battery is lower than a first set temperature (for example, lower than 32 ℃), determining that the battery has no thermal management requirement, and controlling the first electronic water pump 15, the second electronic water pump 16, the first electromagnetic valve 10, the second electromagnetic valve 11, the third electromagnetic valve 12 and the fourth electromagnetic valve 13 to be in a closed state;
step S13: if the temperature of the battery is higher than the first set temperature, judging that the battery has a heat management requirement, and further determining the working mode of the variable thermal resistance heat management system of the battery according to the temperature of the battery;
step S14: if the battery temperature is between a first set temperature (for example, 32 degrees) and a second set temperature (for example, 35 degrees), operating in a third mode, and in the third operating mode;
step S15: if the battery temperature is between the second set temperature and a third set temperature (e.g., 38 degrees), operating in the first mode, in the first operating mode;
step S16: if the battery temperature is between the third set temperature and a fourth set temperature (e.g., 42 ℃), operating in a fourth mode, and operating in the fourth operating mode;
step S17: if the battery temperature is higher than a fourth set temperature (for example, 42 degrees), the battery is operated in the second mode, and the battery is operated in the second operating mode.
The working process of the variable thermal resistance thermal management system of the battery comprises the following steps:
the control method comprises the steps of controlling the opening and closing time of a first electromagnetic valve 10, a second electromagnetic valve 11, a third electromagnetic valve 12 and a fourth electromagnetic valve 13 according to the environmental condition of an automobile, the running condition of the automobile, the highest temperature of a battery and the internal temperature difference of the battery, and controlling the rotating speed of a first electronic water pump 15 and a second electronic water pump 16; the flow of the cooling liquid in the cooling flow channels 5 on the two sides of the battery module is adjusted, and the thermal resistance and the heat exchange control between the battery chip and the cooling flow channels 5 can be realized through the change of the flow.
Referring to fig. 5, in fig. 5, two electronic water pumps and four electromagnetic valves are all in a closed state, no coolant flows, the first electronic water pump 15 and the second electronic water pump 16 stop working, and the first electromagnetic valve 10, the second electromagnetic valve 11, the third electromagnetic valve 12 and the fourth electromagnetic valve 13 are all closed; the heat conduction is mainly used between the battery and the cooling liquid, the heat exchange is used as constant thermal resistance, and the specific electromagnetic valve closing time threshold value needs to be calibrated according to the actual vehicle condition.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic view of the flow direction of the coolant in the first operation mode of the present embodiment. The two electronic water pumps run at the same rotating speed, the four electromagnetic valves are all in an open state, the first electronic water pump 15 and the second electronic water pump 16 start to work at the same rotating speed, and the first electromagnetic valve 10, the second electromagnetic valve 11, the third electromagnetic valve 12 and the fourth electromagnetic valve 13 are all opened; because the first inner flow passage 21 and the second inner flow passage 22 have symmetrical structures and equal flow rates, no pressure difference exists between the first inner flow passage and the second inner flow passage, no cooling liquid flows in the third inner flow passage 23, and the cooling liquid flows in from the first outer flow passage 17, flows through the first outer flow passage 17, the first inner flow passage 21 and the third outer flow passage 19 and flows out from the third outer flow passage 19; meanwhile, the cooling liquid flows in from the second outer flow passage 18, flows through the second outer flow passage 18, the second inner flow passage 22 and the fourth outer flow passage 20, and flows out from the fourth outer flow passage 20; the arrow direction in figure 6 is the coolant flow direction, so that constant thermal resistance heat exchange is realized, and the specific closing time of the electromagnetic valve and the rotating speed threshold of the water pump need to be calibrated according to the actual vehicle condition.
Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic view of the flow direction of the coolant in the second operation mode of the present embodiment. The two electronic water pumps run at different rotating speeds and the four electromagnetic valves are all in an open state, the first electronic water pump 15 and the second electronic water pump 16 start to work at different rotating speeds, and the first electromagnetic valve 10, the second electromagnetic valve 11, the third electromagnetic valve 12 and the fourth electromagnetic valve 13 are all opened; because the flow rates of the first inner flow passage 21 and the second inner flow passage 22 are unequal, a pressure difference is generated, and the cooling liquid flows in the third inner flow passage 23; if the rotating speed of the first electronic water pump 15 is greater than the rotating speed of the second electronic water pump 16, three branches are formed; branch one: the coolant flows in from the first outer flow passage 17, flows through the first outer flow passage 17 → the first inner flow passage 21 → the third outer flow passage 19, and flows out from the third outer flow passage 19; a branch circuit II: the coolant flows in from the second outer flow passage 18, flows through the second outer flow passage 18 → the second inner flow passage 22 → the fourth outer flow passage 20, and flows out from the fourth outer flow passage 20; branch three: the coolant flows in from the first outer flow passage 17, flows through the first outer flow passage 17 → the first inner flow passage 21 → the third inner flow passage 23 → the fourth outer flow passage 20, and flows out from the fourth outer flow passage 20, or vice versa; the arrow direction in figure 7 is the coolant flow direction, and according to the change of two water pump rotational speeds, the realization becomes thermal resistance heat transfer, and concrete solenoid valve closes moment and water pump rotational speed threshold value and needs to be markd according to the real vehicle condition.
Referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a schematic view of the cooling liquid flow direction in the third operation mode of the present embodiment. One electronic water pump and two electromagnetic valves are in an open state, the first electronic water pump 15 starts to work, the first electromagnetic valve 10 and the third electromagnetic valve 12 are opened, and the cooling liquid flows in from the first outer flow passage 17, flows through the first outer flow passage 17 → the first inner flow passage 21 → the third outer flow passage 19, and flows out from the third outer flow passage 19; the second electronic water pump 16 stops working, and the second electromagnetic valve 11 and the fourth electromagnetic valve 13 are closed; or the second electronic water pump 16 starts to work, the second electromagnetic valve 11 and the fourth electromagnetic valve 13 are opened, and the cooling liquid flows in from the second outer flow passage 18, flows through the second outer flow passage 18 → the second inner flow passage 22 → the fourth outer flow passage 20, and flows out from the fourth outer flow passage 20; the two branches can be alternately carried out, so that the variable-heat-resistance heat exchange is realized, an energy-saving effect is achieved, the arrow direction in the attached figure 8 is the flow direction of the cooling liquid, and the specific closing time of the electromagnetic valve and the rotating speed threshold of the water pump need to be calibrated according to the actual vehicle condition.
Referring to fig. 9, fig. 9 is a schematic view of the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the fourth operation mode of the present embodiment. When one electronic water pump and two battery valves are in an open state, the first electronic water pump 15 starts to work, the first electromagnetic valve 10 and the fourth electromagnetic valve 13 are opened, the cooling liquid flows in from the first outer flow passage 17, flows through the first outer flow passage 17 → the first inner flow passage 21 → the third inner flow passage 23 → the fourth outer flow passage 20, flows out from the fourth outer flow passage 20, the second electronic water pump 16 stops working, and the second electromagnetic valve 11 and the third electromagnetic valve 12 are closed; or the second electronic water pump 16 starts to operate, the second electromagnetic valve 11 and the third electromagnetic valve 12 are opened, the coolant flows in from the second outer flow passage 18, flows through the second outer flow passage 18 → the second inner flow passage 22 → the third inner flow passage 23 → the third outer flow passage 19, flows out from the third outer flow passage 19, the second electronic water pump 16 stops operating, the second electromagnetic valve 11 and the third electromagnetic valve 12 are closed, the arrow direction in fig. 9 is the coolant flow direction, and the specific electromagnetic valve closing time and the water pump rotation speed threshold value need to be calibrated according to the actual vehicle condition.
In this embodiment, a cell with a length × a width × a height (148 × 26.5 × 91 mm) is taken as an example:
and a cooling flow channel is additionally arranged in a heat conduction gasket in the battery pack, so that the heat exchange area is increased. Taking a length × width × height (148 × 26.5 × 91 mm) cell as an example, the cell unit heat exchange area in the original scheme is 148 × 26.5=3922 mm, and as after the new structure is adopted, the cell unit heat exchange area is 148 × 91=13468 mm, and the heat exchange area is about 2.4 times of that in the original scheme.
The core technical problem to be solved by the invention is to improve the heat exchange efficiency in the battery, more effectively control the temperature and the internal temperature difference of the battery and realize a thermal management system with variable thermal resistance of the battery by improving the heat exchange structure and mode in the battery and optimizing the control strategy. The battery heat exchange structure is provided with a double-inlet and double-outlet cooling flow channel, and the rotating speed of a water pump and the opening and closing time of an electromagnetic valve are adjusted at any time according to the operating condition and the environmental condition, so that the variable thermal resistance heat management system is realized.
Based on the above description, the present invention has the following advantages:
1. the thermal management system with the variable thermal resistance of the battery can realize refrigeration and heating of the battery and variable thermal resistance according to the running working condition and the environmental condition of an automobile; controlling the switching time and sequence of the water pump and the electromagnetic valve; therefore, the temperature stability of the battery is effectively controlled, the fluctuation is reduced, the temperature difference inside the battery is reduced, and the performance of the battery is improved.
2. Compared with the prior art: the double-flow-channel solar cell has the advantages that the double flow channels are arranged on the two sides of the cell, the snake-shaped structure is avoided, the structure is simple, the internal resistance is small, the required water flow is small when the heat is the same, and the energy consumption of the driving of the electronic water pump is small.
3. Compared with the prior art: under the condition that the same heat is taken away by the cooling liquid, the cooling time required by the double-flow-passage structure is short, and the temperature of the battery can be reduced more quickly.
4. Compared with the prior art: according to the invention, the straight pipe channels adopted at the two sides of the battery enable the cooling liquid to flow from the inlet to the outlet more quickly, so that the consistency of the internal temperature of the battery is kept.
5. Compared with the prior art: according to the invention, by combining the control strategies of the electronic water pump and the electromagnetic valve, the thermal resistance between the cooling liquid and the battery can be changed at any time according to the change of the working condition and the environmental condition of the vehicle, so that the variable thermal resistance control is realized, the thermal management requirements of the battery under different conditions are met, and the aim of accurate control is easier to achieve.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. The variable thermal resistance thermal management system of the battery is characterized by comprising a battery pack (14) and flow channels arranged inside and outside the battery pack (14);
the battery pack (14) comprises a plurality of battery modules, and each battery module comprises a plurality of stacked battery cores (2), an aluminum alloy cold plate (3) arranged between every two adjacent battery cores (2), and an aluminum alloy bottom plate (4) arranged at the lower end of each battery core (2);
the flow channel comprises a module outer flow channel arranged outside the battery module and a module inner flow channel arranged between the battery cells (2), and the module outer flow channel and the module inner flow channel are connected into a whole; the module inner flow channel is arranged in the cold plate (3) and comprises a first inner flow channel (21), a second inner flow channel (22) and a plurality of third inner flow channels (23) which are parallel to each other and are used for connecting the first inner flow channel (21) and the second inner flow channel (22);
the first inner flow channel (21), the second inner flow channel (22) and the third inner flow channel (23) are all linear structures, the first inner flow channel (21) and the second inner flow channel (22) extend along the height direction of the battery cell (2), and the third inner flow channel (23) extends along the width direction of the battery cell (2) perpendicular to the height direction of the battery cell (2);
the module outer flow channel comprises a first outer flow channel (17), a second outer flow channel (18), a third outer flow channel (19) and a fourth outer flow channel (20), and the first outer flow channel (17), the second outer flow channel (18), the third outer flow channel (19) and the fourth outer flow channel (20) extend along the stacking direction of the battery cells (2) which is perpendicular to the height direction of the battery cells (2) and the width direction of the battery cells (2);
the first outer flow channel (17), the second outer flow channel (18), the third outer flow channel (19) and the fourth outer flow channel (20) are all linear structures, the first outer flow channel (17) and the second outer flow channel (18) are arranged on the upper portion of the battery module and are respectively located on two opposite sides of the battery module, and the third outer flow channel (19) and the fourth outer flow channel (20) are arranged on the lower portion of the battery module and are respectively located on two opposite sides of the battery module;
the first inner flow channel (21) is communicated with the first outer flow channel (17) and the third outer flow channel (19), the second inner flow channel (22) is communicated with the second outer flow channel (18) and the fourth outer flow channel (20), a first electronic water pump (15) is arranged on the first outer flow channel (17), a second electronic water pump (16) is arranged on the second outer flow channel (18), and a first electromagnetic valve (10), a second electromagnetic valve (11), a third electromagnetic valve (12) and a fourth electromagnetic valve (13) are respectively arranged on the first outer flow channel (17), the second outer flow channel (18), the third outer flow channel (19) and the fourth outer flow channel (20); the variable thermal resistance thermal management system of the battery further comprises a temperature sensor used for collecting the temperature of the battery and a control module in signal connection with the first electronic water pump (15), the second electronic water pump (16), the first electromagnetic valve (10), the second electromagnetic valve (11), the third electromagnetic valve (12) and the fourth electromagnetic valve (13), wherein the control module controls the working states of the first electronic water pump (15) and the second electronic water pump (16) and the opening and closing of the first electromagnetic valve (10), the second electromagnetic valve (11), the third electromagnetic valve (12) and the fourth electromagnetic valve (13) according to the temperature of the battery.
2. A variable thermal resistance thermal management method of a battery, which is applied to the variable thermal resistance thermal management system of the battery of claim 1, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
collecting the temperature of the battery;
judging whether the battery has a thermal management requirement or not according to the temperature of the battery;
when the battery has a thermal management requirement, further determining the working mode of the variable thermal resistance thermal management system of the battery according to the temperature of the battery;
and adjusting the working states of the first electronic water pump (15) and the second electronic water pump (16) and the working states of the first electromagnetic valve (10), the second electromagnetic valve (11), the third electromagnetic valve (12) and the fourth electromagnetic valve (13) according to the determined working modes.
3. The variable thermal resistance thermal management method for the battery according to claim 2, wherein judging whether the thermal management requirement exists in the battery according to the temperature of the battery comprises the following steps:
if the battery temperature is lower than the first set temperature, judging that the battery has no thermal management requirement;
and if the temperature of the battery is higher than the first set temperature, determining that the battery has a thermal management requirement.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the operating mode of the variable thermal resistance thermal management system of the battery based on the battery temperature comprises:
if the battery temperature is between a first set temperature and a second set temperature, determining that the variable thermal resistance thermal management system of the battery works in a third mode, wherein the third mode is that one electronic water pump and two electromagnetic valves are in an open state, the first electronic water pump (15) starts to work, the first electromagnetic valve (10) and the third electromagnetic valve (12) are opened, the second electronic water pump (16) stops working, and the second electromagnetic valve (11) and the fourth electromagnetic valve (13) are closed;
or the second electronic water pump (16) starts to work, and the second electromagnetic valve (11) and the fourth electromagnetic valve (13) are opened; the first electronic water pump (15) stops working, and the first electromagnetic valve (10) and the third electromagnetic valve (12) are closed;
if the battery temperature is between a second set temperature and a third set temperature, determining that the variable thermal resistance thermal management system of the battery works in a first mode, starting working of the first electronic water pump (15) and the second electronic water pump (16) at the same rotating speed, and opening the first electromagnetic valve (10), the second electromagnetic valve (11), the third electromagnetic valve (12) and the fourth electromagnetic valve (13);
if the battery temperature is between a third set temperature and a fourth set temperature, determining that the variable thermal resistance thermal management system of the battery works in a fourth mode, wherein the fourth mode is that one electronic water pump and two electromagnetic valves are in an open state, the first electronic water pump (15) starts to work, and the first electromagnetic valve (10) and the fourth electromagnetic valve (13) are opened; the second electronic water pump (16) stops working, and the second electromagnetic valve (11) and the third electromagnetic valve (12) are closed;
or the second electronic water pump (16) starts to work, the second electromagnetic valve (11) and the third electromagnetic valve (12) are opened, the first electronic water pump (15) stops working, and the first electromagnetic valve (10) and the fourth electromagnetic valve (13) are closed;
and if the temperature of the battery is higher than a fourth temperature, determining that the variable thermal resistance thermal management system of the battery works in a second mode, starting the first electronic water pump (15) and the second electronic water pump (16) to work at different rotating speeds, and opening the first electromagnetic valve (10), the second electromagnetic valve (11), the third electromagnetic valve (12) and the fourth electromagnetic valve (13).
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| CN115133173A (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2022-09-30 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Power battery assembly, thermal management system, thermal management method and vehicle |
| WO2024015393A1 (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2024-01-18 | Paccar Inc | Modular and scalable battery packs having sub-modular construction |
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