CN111881593A - Method for detecting concrete freeze-thaw plasticity - Google Patents
Method for detecting concrete freeze-thaw plasticity Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting the freeze-thaw plasticity of concrete, which is characterized in that a freeze-thaw concrete test piece is subjected to a special manufacturing mode and pretreatment, and the dynamic elastic modulus of the test piece is obtained according to a freeze-thaw cycle test, so that the dynamic elastic modulus of the test piece with high accuracy and high fitting degree with the actual freeze-thaw condition can be effectively obtained. And then, the dynamic elastic modulus loss is used as a loss variable, a concrete freezing and thawing plasticity-damage model is established, the damage accumulation model is successfully used for freezing and thawing plasticity detection in a concrete service environment, the concrete freezing and thawing plasticity can be effectively detected, the strength, stress-strain relation under the freezing and thawing damage is detected, the detection precision is high, and the fitting degree with the actual environment effect is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of concrete detection, and particularly relates to a method for detecting the freeze-thaw plasticity of concrete.
Background
Concrete is used as a quasi-brittle material, and a concrete structure is easy to have macrocracks in actual engineering. For a concrete structure in a severe cold area, which is in contact with water, ice crystals grow at the macrocracks, so that penetrating macrocracks are formed, and the safety of the structure is seriously threatened. Even if cracks are located in the concrete, fracture damage caused by macroscopic ice crystal growth still occurs under the action of freeze-thaw cycles. Therefore, the problem of crack formation of concrete materials and the deterioration of fracture properties must be sufficiently emphasized for concrete structures subjected to freeze-thaw cycles. The concrete structure in the severe cold area, which is in contact with water, is mainly analyzed aiming at the formation of macrocracks, so that the damage of freeze-thaw penetrating cracks is avoided.
Common detection methods for concrete freeze-thaw plasticity include: 1) measuring the relative humidity; 2) mercury porosimetry, differential scanning calorimetry; 3) an acoustic emission method; 4) measuring the ice content by a scanning calorimeter; 5)6) white light interference technology, fiber grating technology and the like. However, the existing methods are single in measurement, the freeze-thaw plasticity of the concrete is measured only through peripheral detection data, the detection effect on the freeze-thaw plasticity of the concrete is poor, the accuracy is low, and the adhesion degree of the freeze-thaw concrete plasticity detection in the actual natural environment is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for detecting the freeze-thaw plasticity of concrete, which is used for carrying out special manufacturing mode and pretreatment on a freeze-thaw concrete test piece, and then obtaining the dynamic elastic modulus of the test piece according to a freeze-thaw cycle test, so that the dynamic elastic modulus of the test piece with high accuracy and high fitting degree with the actual freeze-thaw condition can be effectively obtained. And then, the dynamic elastic modulus loss is used as a loss variable, a concrete freezing and thawing plasticity-damage model is established, the damage accumulation model is successfully used for freezing and thawing plasticity detection in a concrete service environment, the concrete freezing and thawing plasticity can be effectively detected, the strength, stress-strain relation under the freezing and thawing damage is detected, the detection precision is high, and the fitting degree with the actual environment effect is high.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for detecting the freeze-thaw plasticity of concrete comprises the following steps:
manufacturing a test piece, namely manufacturing a freeze-thaw concrete test piece with a built-in strain gauge;
pretreating a test piece;
performing a freeze-thaw cycle test on the pretreated test piece;
in the process of freeze-thaw cycle test, strain and temperature of a test piece are collected, and dynamic elastic modulus of the test piece is obtained;
determining freeze-thaw damage data through changes of dynamic elastic modulus of the test piece before and after the freeze-thaw cycle test;
establishing a concrete freeze-thaw plasticity-damage model according to the obtained freeze-thaw damage data;
and detecting the freeze-thaw plasticity of the concrete by using the concrete freeze-thaw plasticity-damage model.
Further, the manufacturing process of the test piece comprises the following steps:
manufacturing a test block: pouring concrete cubes with the side length of 100mm in advance, and cutting the concrete cubes in equal parts after curing is finished; cleaning, wiping and drying cut surfaces of the cut concrete blocks; the strain gauge and the temperature sensor are stuck to the center of the cutting surface and protected by epoxy resin glue;
pouring a prismatic test piece: soaking the prepared test block in water for 1 week so that the test block can be tightly combined with the later poured concrete; in order to reduce the influence of the cutting block on the prism fracture test, the testing block is placed at a position 50mm away from the top end for pouring to form a prism test piece; and (4) removing the formwork of the poured prismatic test piece, placing the prismatic test piece in water, and curing for 3 months to obtain the freeze-thaw concrete test piece.
Further, the test piece pretreatment comprises the following steps:
before the rapid freeze-thaw test, the test piece is placed in a drying oven at 60 ℃ to be dried for 24 hours, and the temperature is selected to avoid the damage of the pore structure of the concrete caused by high temperature, so that the influence of the drying operation on the saturated water absorption of the concrete is reduced;
and then soaking the dried test piece in water or a sodium sulfate solution with the mass part of 5%, and taking out the test piece which reaches a water absorption saturation state after 7 days.
Further, the freeze-thaw cycle test of the pretreated test piece comprises the following steps: placing the pretreated test piece in a rubber cylinder filled with water or a sodium sulfate solution for freeze thawing test; controlling the central temperature of the test piece to be 5 +/-2 ℃ to-15 +/-2 ℃; each freeze thawing cycle lasts for 4 hours, the central temperature of the test piece in the cooling section is reduced from 5 ℃ to-15 ℃ after 2 hours, and then the temperature is kept for 10 minutes; after the warming period, the test piece was kept at 5 ℃ for 10 minutes.
Further, in the process of the freeze-thaw cycle test, a static strain test system is adopted to automatically collect the strain of the test piece, and the collection time interval is 20 s; automatically collecting the internal temperature of the test piece by adopting a temperature collector, wherein the collection time interval is 1 s;
in the strain acquisition process, a small ceramic test piece adhered with strain gauges with the same specification is adopted for temperature compensation, so that the influence of temperature change on the resistance value of the strain gauge is eliminated.
Further, the process of determining the freeze-thaw damage condition through the change of the dynamic elastic modulus of the test piece before and after the freeze-thaw cycle test is as follows: the dynamic elastic modulus of the undamaged test piece is set to be E0The dynamic elastic modulus of the freeze-thaw damage test piece is EFTAccording to D-1-EFT/E0And obtaining the freeze-thaw damage coefficient of the test piece.
Further, a concrete freeze-thaw plasticity-damage model is established according to the obtained freeze-thaw damage data, and the method comprises the following steps:
respectively obtaining the maximum strain corresponding to two adjacent freeze-thaw cycles of the test piece asi、i+1And minimum strain is'i、′i+1(ii) a The plastic deformation corresponding to each freeze-thaw cycle is calculated according to the following formula: Δ ═i+1-i，Δ′＝′i+1-′i，FT＝i-′i(ii) a Determining damage parameters of a test piece plasticity-damage model under the freezing and thawing cycle action according to the obtained plastic deformation, determining the development degree of concrete freezing and thawing damage, determining the relation between the freezing and thawing plastic deformation and the freezing and thawing damage, and establishing the relation between the test piece freezing and thawing damage and the relevant parameters of the plasticity-damage model;
determining the freeze-thaw damage of the concrete according to the relative dynamic elasticity modulus before and after the freeze-thaw cycle test, obtaining the relationship between the freeze-thaw damage and the cycle of the freeze-thaw cycle, establishing the stress-strain relationship of the freeze-thaw damaged concrete, and determining the relationship between the freeze-thaw damage coefficient and the plastic-damage model hardening parameters;
and establishing a concrete plasticity-damage model according to the relation between the freeze-thaw damage of the test piece and the related parameters of the plasticity-damage model and the relation between the freeze-thaw damage coefficient and the hardening parameters of the plasticity-damage model, and detecting the relation between strength and stress-strain under the freeze-thaw damage.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows:
according to the invention, the freeze-thaw concrete test piece is subjected to a special manufacturing mode and pretreatment, and the dynamic elastic modulus of the test piece is obtained according to the freeze-thaw cycle test, so that the dynamic elastic modulus of the test piece with high accuracy and high fitting degree with the actual freeze-thaw condition can be effectively obtained. Meanwhile, the dynamic elastic modulus loss is used as a loss variable, freeze-thaw damage data is determined through the change of the dynamic elastic modulus of the test piece before and after the freeze-thaw cycle test, a concrete freeze-thaw plasticity-damage model is established under the action of the concrete freeze-thaw cycle according to the obtained freeze-thaw damage data based on a fatigue damage theory, the relation between the concrete damage of the freeze-thaw cycle test and the concrete freeze-thaw damage under natural conditions is established, the damage accumulation model is successfully used for the detection of the freeze-thaw plasticity of the concrete in the service environment, the detection of the freeze-thaw plasticity of the concrete can be effectively carried out, the detection of the strength and stress-strain relation under the freeze-thaw damage is realized, the detection precision is high, and the fitting degree with the.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for detecting the freeze-thaw plasticity of concrete according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the manufacturing of a freeze-thaw concrete specimen according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating strain variable definition and plastic strain in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of experimental results of the relationship between damage factor and freeze-thaw cycles in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a graph showing the experimental results of the relationship between the damage factor and the number of freeze-thaw cycles in the prior art.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for detecting concrete freeze-thaw plasticity, including the steps of:
manufacturing a test piece, namely manufacturing a freeze-thaw concrete test piece with a built-in strain gauge;
pretreating a test piece;
performing a freeze-thaw cycle test on the pretreated test piece;
in the process of freeze-thaw cycle test, strain and temperature of a test piece are collected, and dynamic elastic modulus of the test piece is obtained;
determining freeze-thaw damage data through changes of dynamic elastic modulus of the test piece before and after the freeze-thaw cycle test;
establishing a concrete freeze-thaw plasticity-damage model according to the obtained freeze-thaw damage data;
and detecting the freeze-thaw plasticity of the concrete by using the concrete freeze-thaw plasticity-damage model.
As a preferred embodiment 1 of the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the manufacturing process of the test piece includes the steps of:
manufacturing a test block: pouring concrete cubes with the side length of 100mm in advance, and cutting the concrete cubes in equal parts after curing is finished; cleaning, wiping and drying cut surfaces of the cut concrete blocks; the strain gauge and the temperature sensor are stuck to the center of the cutting surface and protected by epoxy resin glue;
pouring a prismatic test piece: soaking the prepared test block in water for 1 week so that the test block can be tightly combined with the later poured concrete; in order to reduce the influence of the cutting block on the prism fracture test, the testing block is placed at a position 50mm away from the top end for pouring to form a prism test piece; and (4) removing the formwork of the poured prismatic test piece, placing the prismatic test piece in water, and curing for 3 months to obtain the freeze-thaw concrete test piece.
As a preferable embodiment 2 of the above embodiment, the specimen pretreatment includes the steps of:
before the rapid freeze-thaw test, the test piece is placed in a drying oven at 60 ℃ to be dried for 24 hours, and the temperature is selected to avoid the damage of the pore structure of the concrete caused by high temperature, so that the influence of the drying operation on the saturated water absorption of the concrete is reduced;
and then soaking the dried test piece in water or a sodium sulfate solution with the mass part of 5%, and taking out the test piece which reaches a water absorption saturation state after 7 days.
As an optimized example 3 of the above embodiment, the freeze-thaw cycle test of the pretreated test piece includes the steps of: placing the pretreated test piece in a rubber cylinder filled with water or a sodium sulfate solution for freeze thawing test; controlling the central temperature of the test piece to be 5 +/-2 ℃ to-15 +/-2 ℃; each freeze thawing cycle lasts for 4 hours, the central temperature of the test piece in the cooling section is reduced from 5 ℃ to-15 ℃ after 2 hours, and then the temperature is kept for 10 minutes; after the warming period, the test piece was kept at 5 ℃ for 10 minutes.
In the freezing and thawing cycle test process, a static strain test system is adopted to automatically collect the strain of the test piece, and the collection time interval is 20 s; automatically collecting the internal temperature of the test piece by adopting a temperature collector, wherein the collection time interval is 1 s;
in the strain acquisition process, a small ceramic test piece adhered with strain gauges with the same specification is adopted for temperature compensation, so that the influence of temperature change on the resistance value of the strain gauge is eliminated.
The process for determining the condition of freeze-thaw damage through the change of the dynamic elastic modulus of the test piece before and after the freeze-thaw cycle test is as follows: the dynamic elastic modulus of the undamaged test piece is set to be E0The dynamic elastic modulus of the freeze-thaw damage test piece is EFTAccording to D-1-EFT/E0And obtaining the freeze-thaw damage coefficient of the test piece.
As an optimized embodiment 3 of the above embodiment, the method for establishing a concrete freeze-thaw plasticity-damage model according to the obtained freeze-thaw damage data comprises the following steps:
as shown in FIG. 3, the maximum strains respectively obtained for two adjacent cycles of freeze-thaw cycle of the test specimen are respectivelyi、i+1And minimum strain is'i、′i+1(ii) a The plastic deformation corresponding to each freeze-thaw cycle is calculated according to the following formula: Δ ═i+1-i，Δ′＝′i+1-′i，FT＝i-′i(ii) a Determining the plasticity of the test piece under the action of freeze-thaw cycle according to the obtained plastic deformationA damage parameter of the damage model;
determining the freeze-thaw damage of the concrete according to the relative dynamic elasticity modulus before and after the freeze-thaw cycle test, obtaining the relationship between the freeze-thaw damage and the cycle of the freeze-thaw cycle, establishing the stress-strain relationship of the freeze-thaw damaged concrete, and determining the relationship between the freeze-thaw damage coefficient and the plastic-damage model hardening parameters;
and establishing a concrete plasticity-damage model according to the relation between the freeze-thaw damage of the test piece and the related parameters of the plasticity-damage model and the relation between the freeze-thaw damage coefficient and the hardening parameters of the plasticity-damage model, and detecting the relation between strength and stress-strain under the freeze-thaw damage.
According to the invention, the freeze-thaw damage of the concrete is determined according to the relative dynamic elastic modulus before and after the freeze-thaw cycle test, the relationship between the obtained freeze-thaw damage and the cycle of the freeze-thaw cycle is shown in fig. 4, compared with the test result of the prior art shown in fig. 5, W, S respectively represents the environments of pure water and sodium sulfate solution. Within the cycle of the freeze-thaw cycle test, the freeze-thaw damage of the concrete adopted by the invention and the cycle of the freeze-thaw cycle almost show a linear relationship. Compared with a water freezing test piece, the freeze-thaw damage of the test piece in the sulfate solution environment under the same freeze-thaw cycle frequency is relatively small, and the development trend of the freeze-thaw plasticity of the test piece under the two environments is consistent. The method can effectively obtain the dynamic elastic modulus of the test piece which is high in accuracy and high in fitting degree with the actual freeze-thaw condition. The concrete freeze-thaw plasticity detection method can effectively detect the concrete freeze-thaw plasticity, realize the detection of the strength, stress-strain relation under freeze-thaw damage, and has high detection precision and high fitting degree with the actual environment effect.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. A method for detecting the freeze-thaw plasticity of concrete is characterized by comprising the following steps:
manufacturing a test piece, namely manufacturing a freeze-thaw concrete test piece with a built-in strain gauge;
pretreating a test piece;
performing a freeze-thaw cycle test on the pretreated test piece;
in the process of freeze-thaw cycle test, strain and temperature of a test piece are collected, and dynamic elastic modulus of the test piece is obtained;
determining freeze-thaw damage data through changes of dynamic elastic modulus of the test piece before and after the freeze-thaw cycle test;
establishing a concrete freeze-thaw plasticity-damage model according to the obtained freeze-thaw damage data;
and detecting the freeze-thaw plasticity of the concrete by using the concrete freeze-thaw plasticity-damage model.
2. The method for detecting the freeze-thaw plasticity of the concrete according to claim 1, wherein the test piece manufacturing process comprises the following steps:
manufacturing a test block: pouring concrete cubes with the side length of 100mm in advance, and cutting the concrete cubes in equal parts after curing is finished; cleaning, wiping and drying cut surfaces of the cut concrete blocks; the strain gauge and the temperature sensor are stuck to the center of the cutting surface and protected by epoxy resin glue;
pouring a prismatic test piece: soaking the prepared test block in water for 1 week; placing the test block at a position 50mm away from the top end for pouring to form a prism test piece; and (4) removing the formwork of the poured prismatic test piece, placing the prismatic test piece in water, and curing for 3 months to obtain the freeze-thaw concrete test piece.
3. The method for detecting the freeze-thaw plasticity of the concrete according to claim 1, wherein the pretreatment of the test piece comprises the following steps:
before the rapid freeze-thaw test, the test piece is placed in an oven at 60 ℃ to be dried for 24 hours;
and then soaking the dried test piece in water or a sodium sulfate solution with the mass part of 5%, and taking out the test piece which reaches a water absorption saturation state after 7 days.
4. The method for detecting the freeze-thaw plasticity of the concrete according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing a freeze-thaw cycle test on the pretreated test piece comprises the steps of: placing the pretreated test piece in a rubber cylinder filled with water or a sodium sulfate solution for freeze thawing test; controlling the central temperature of the test piece to be 5 +/-2 ℃ to-15 +/-2 ℃; each freeze thawing cycle lasts for 4 hours, the central temperature of the test piece in the cooling section is reduced from 5 ℃ to-15 ℃ after 2 hours, and then the temperature is kept for 10 minutes; after the warming period, the test piece was kept at 5 ℃ for 10 minutes.
5. The method for detecting the freeze-thaw plasticity of the concrete according to claim 1, wherein in the freeze-thaw cycle test process, a static strain test system is adopted to automatically collect the strain of the test piece, and the collection time interval is 20 s; automatically collecting the internal temperature of the test piece by adopting a temperature collector, wherein the collection time interval is 1 s;
in the strain acquisition process, a small ceramic test piece adhered with strain gauges with the same specification is adopted for temperature compensation, so that the influence of temperature change on the resistance value of the strain gauge is eliminated.
6. The method for detecting the freeze-thaw plasticity of the concrete according to claim 1, wherein the process of determining the condition of the freeze-thaw damage through the change of the dynamic elastic modulus of the test piece before and after the freeze-thaw cycle test comprises the following steps: the dynamic elastic modulus of the undamaged test piece is set to be E0The dynamic elastic modulus of the freeze-thaw damage test piece is EFTAccording to D-1-EFT/E0And obtaining the freeze-thaw damage coefficient of the test piece.
7. The method for detecting the freeze-thaw plasticity of the concrete according to claim 6, wherein a concrete freeze-thaw plasticity-damage model is established according to the obtained freeze-thaw damage data, and the method comprises the following steps:
respectively obtaining two adjacent freezing and thawing of test pieceThe maximum strain corresponding to the cycle is respectivelyi、i+1And minimum strain is'i、′i+1(ii) a The plastic deformation corresponding to each freeze-thaw cycle is calculated according to the following formula: Δ ═i+1-i，Δ′＝′i+1-′i，FT＝i-′i(ii) a Determining damage parameters of a test piece plasticity-damage model under the action of freeze-thaw cycles according to the obtained plastic deformation;
determining the freeze-thaw damage of the concrete according to the relative dynamic elasticity modulus before and after the freeze-thaw cycle test, obtaining the relationship between the freeze-thaw damage and the cycle of the freeze-thaw cycle, establishing the stress-strain relationship of the freeze-thaw damaged concrete, and determining the relationship between the freeze-thaw damage coefficient and the plastic-damage model hardening parameters;
and establishing a concrete plasticity-damage model according to the relation between the freeze-thaw damage of the test piece and the related parameters of the plasticity-damage model and the relation between the freeze-thaw damage coefficient and the hardening parameters of the plasticity-damage model, and detecting the relation between strength and stress-strain under the freeze-thaw damage.
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