CN111881581A - Method and system for establishing three-dimensional water vapor grid model - Google Patents
Method and system for establishing three-dimensional water vapor grid model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
According to the method and the system for establishing the three-dimensional water vapor grid model, the ZWD is inverted by utilizing the GNSS data, so that the PWV is calculated, meanwhile, the PWV is calculated by utilizing the sounding station data, and the two are subjected to data fusion by utilizing least square variance estimation. Acquiring an atmospheric profile by using occultation data and sounding data, extracting meteorological factors in the atmospheric profile, determining time and space reference of depth fusion on the basis of GNSS/sounding/occultation inversion of water vapor, and establishing a grid water vapor model based on multi-source data. The technical scheme provided by the invention breaks through the limitation that the whole troposphere is taken as a research object, and the established layered water vapor model can be used for finely extracting water vapor data, provides a theoretical basis for fine weather forecast, and has certain practical significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of GNSS meteorology, in particular to a method and a system for establishing a three-dimensional water vapor grid model.
Background
Temperature and moisture are two important indicators of global change monitoring. Global warming is a prominent expression of global change, and under the global climate background which is mainly characterized by the global warming, extreme weather and climate events occur frequently, so that rainstorm disaster weather is easily caused, flood disasters and serious water and soil loss are caused, and casualties and major economic losses are caused. The accuracy of the water vapor monitoring technology is improved, and the method has certain social and economic values.
The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) inverts the application mode of the water vapor deepening GNSS technology, promotes interdisciplinary fusion, and accords with the medium-long-term development planning of national Satellite navigation. The Bei dou navigation Satellite System (BDS) is a Satellite navigation positioning technology vigorously developed in china, and has become an important component of GNSS. The final completion of the system can provide high-precision and high-reliability navigation positioning service, and can be applied to various fields such as meteorological and environmental monitoring. In 2013, the state issues 'long-term development planning in the national satellite navigation industry', the GNSS theory and application research thereof conform to the long-term planning of the state, and the Beidou satellite navigation system and compatible products thereof are widely applied to the important industry and key field of national economy and are gradually popularized and popularized in the mass consumption market. The key development directions comprise innovation industry application, public application expansion mode and the like. The GNSS dynamic water vapor monitoring belongs to two major development focuses of industrial innovation application and public application expansion, and has great application value.
At present, the most accurate technology is to calculate the water vapor and atmosphere profiles by utilizing sounding data, the distances among sounding stations are all more than 200-300 km, the sounding stations are observed once at intervals of 12 hours, and the time and the space are sparsely distributed, so that the global water vapor field and the water vapor energy circulation are not thoroughly understood. In addition, due to strong noise background signals, the satellite radiometer is difficult to provide useful ground information, and the requirement of monitoring and forecasting small-scale disastrous weather can not be met, so that the satellite radiometer becomes one of important reasons for the misrepresentation of the disastrous weather.
Ground-based GNSS takes advantage of the continuous measurement of dense ground-based station networks, providing unique advantages in the monitoring of severe weather, such as densely populated areas and airports, while occultation observation provides a convenient condition for the study of climate change associated with early nino events in open sea, deep sea regions. By utilizing a foundation GNSS network with a dense survey station, three-dimensional distribution of Water Vapor can be obtained through GNSS/sounding/occultation data fusion, a high-precision Water Vapor field is provided for a numerical weather forecast mode, and PWV (continuous atmospheric degradable Water Vapor, PWV) data is obtained, so that invaluable Water is obtained.
However, in the prior art, a model capable of extracting refined water vapor information does not exist, so that a theoretical basis is provided for refined weather forecast.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a system for establishing a three-dimensional water vapor grid model, so that water vapor information can be extracted in a refined manner, and a theoretical basis is further provided for refined weather forecast.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a method of building a three-dimensional water vapor mesh model, comprising:
acquiring GNSS observation data and exploration station hierarchical data; the sounding station hierarchical data includes: liquid water density, atmospheric water vapor density, total tropospheric height, water vapor pressure and absolute temperature;
determining delay caused when satellite signals longitudinally pass through a troposphere to reach the ground by adopting GNSS data processing and analyzing software according to the GNSS observation data;
determining the total delay of the troposphere of the station receiver in the zenith direction according to the delay inversion;
separating according to the total delay to obtain zenith wet delay;
determining a first amount of atmospheric water reducible based on the zenith wet delay;
determining the atmospheric degradable water volume above the survey station by adopting the layered data of the sounding station to obtain a second atmospheric degradable water volume;
constructing a GNSS/sounding water vapor model according to the first atmospheric degradable water amount and the second atmospheric degradable water amount; the GNSS/sounding water vapor model is an atmospheric degradable water volume combination obtained by fusing and encrypting the first atmospheric degradable water volume and the second atmospheric degradable water volume;
determining occultation data and sounding data according to the GNSS/sounding water vapor model;
determining an atmospheric profile according to the occultation data and the sounding data;
acquiring preset same starting time and preset space interval;
determining a uniform time and space reference according to the preset same-time calculation time and the preset space interval;
extracting meteorological factors in the atmospheric profile according to the unified time and space reference;
determining the amount of atmospheric water reducible in the whole troposphere according to the extracted meteorological factors;
and constructing a three-dimensional water vapor grid model according to the atmospheric degradable water amount.
Preferably, the obtaining of the zenith wet retardation according to the total retardation separation specifically includes:
acquiring the latitude of the survey station, the height of the ground and the air pressure of the position;
determining a zenith stem delay according to the latitude, the geodetic altitude and the barometric pressure; the zenith dry delay is as follows:
wherein ZHD is the zenith dry delay,
is latitude, hsIs the height of the ground, PsIs the air pressure;
determining a zenith wet delay from the zenith dry delay and the total delay; the zenith wet delay is as follows:
ZWD＝ZTD-ZHD；
where ZWD is the wet zenith delay and ZTD is the total delay.
Preferably, the determining the first amount of atmospheric water reducible according to the zenith wet delay specifically includes:
using formula PWV1＝Π·ZWD determining a first amount of atmospheric water reducible PWV from the zenith wet delay1；
Where ZWD is zenith wet retardation and pi is a dimensionless scale factor.
Preferably, the determining, by using the probe station hierarchical data, the atmospheric degradable water volume above the probe station to obtain a second atmospheric degradable water volume specifically includes:
using a formula
Determining the second amount of atmospheric water reducible PWV according to the exploration station hierarchical data2；
In the formula, ρwaterIs liquid water density, ρwIs the density of water vapour in the atmosphere, RvIs the specific gas constant of water vapor, H is the height of the entire troposphere, PwIs the water vapour pressure and T is the absolute temperature.
Preferably, the extracting the meteorological factors in the atmospheric profile according to the unified temporal and spatial reference specifically includes:
layering the atmospheric profile according to a preset height;
taking the average temperature, air pressure and water vapor pressure of each layer as dependent variables and adopting a formula
Determining a meteorological layering factor of each layer;
determining the meteorological factor according to the meteorological layering factor;
wherein QX (i) is a meteorological layering factor, n is the total number of layers of the atmospheric profile, i is the i-th layer of the atmospheric profile, phi1、Φ2And phi3All are weighting factors, t is the average value of temperature, p is the average value of air pressure, and q is the average value of water vapor pressure.
Preferably, the determining the amount of atmospheric degradable water in the whole troposphere according to the extracted meteorological factors specifically includes:
determining the amount of atmospheric water reducible in the whole troposphere by adopting a formula PWV (i) ═ QX (i) × PWV according to the extracted meteorological factors;
wherein i is the ith layer of the layered vapor, PWV (i) is the atmospheric degradable water content of the ith layer, PWV is the combination of the atmospheric degradable water content, and QX (i) is the meteorological layering factor.
A system for building a three-dimensional water vapor mesh model, comprising:
the first acquisition module is used for acquiring GNSS observation data and exploration station layered data; the sounding station hierarchical data includes: liquid water density, atmospheric water vapor density, total tropospheric height, water vapor pressure and absolute temperature;
the delay amount determining module is used for determining delay amount caused when the satellite signal longitudinally passes through the troposphere to reach the ground by adopting GNSS data processing and analyzing software according to the GNSS observation data;
the total delay determining module is used for determining the total delay of the troposphere of the station receiver in the zenith direction according to the delay inversion;
a zenith wet delay determining module for separating to obtain zenith wet delay according to the total delay;
the first atmospheric water reducible quantity determining module is used for determining a first atmospheric water reducible quantity according to the zenith wet delay;
the second atmospheric degradable water quantity determining module is used for determining the atmospheric degradable water quantity above the sounding station by adopting the sounding station hierarchical data to obtain a second atmospheric degradable water quantity;
the GNSS/sounding water vapor model building module is used for building a GNSS/sounding water vapor model according to the first atmospheric degradable water amount and the second atmospheric degradable water amount; the GNSS/sounding water vapor model is an atmospheric degradable water volume combination obtained by fusing and encrypting the first atmospheric degradable water volume and the second atmospheric degradable water volume;
the occultation sounding data determining module is used for determining occultation data and sounding data according to the GNSS/sounding water vapor model;
the atmosphere profile determining module is used for determining an atmosphere profile according to the occultation data and the sounding data;
the second acquisition module is used for acquiring the same preset starting time and a preset space interval;
the time and space reference determining module is used for determining a uniform time and space reference according to the preset same calculation time and the preset space interval;
the meteorological factor extracting module is used for extracting meteorological factors in the atmospheric profile according to the unified time and space reference;
the atmospheric degradable water quantity determining module is used for determining the atmospheric degradable water quantity in the whole troposphere according to the extracted meteorological factors;
and the three-dimensional water vapor grid model building module is used for building a three-dimensional water vapor grid model according to the atmospheric degradable water yield.
Preferably, the zenith wet delay determining module specifically includes:
the acquisition unit is used for acquiring the latitude of the survey station, the height of the ground at the position and the air pressure;
a zenith stem delay determining unit for determining zenith stem delay according to the latitude, the geodetic altitude and the barometric pressure; the zenith dry delay is as follows:
wherein ZHD is the zenith dry delay,
is latitude, hsIs the height of the ground, PsIs the air pressure;
a zenith wet delay determining unit for determining a zenith wet delay according to the zenith dry delay and the total delay; the zenith wet delay is as follows:
ZWD＝ZTD-ZHD；
where ZWD is the wet zenith delay and ZTD is the total delay.
Preferably, the first atmospheric degradable water content determining module specifically includes:
a first atmospheric degradable water amount determination unit for adopting formula PWV1Determining a first time from the zenith wet delayPWV (Water Power Voltage) capable of reducing water yield in atmosphere1；
Wherein ZWD is zenith wet retardation, pi is a dimensionless scale factor;
the second atmospheric degradable water quantity determination module specifically includes:
a second atmospheric degradable water amount determination unit for employing a formula
Determining the second amount of atmospheric water reducible PWV according to the exploration station hierarchical data2；
In the formula, ρwaterIs liquid water density, ρwIs the density of water vapour in the atmosphere, RvIs the specific gas constant of water vapor, H is the height of the entire troposphere, PwIs the water vapour pressure and T is the absolute temperature.
Preferably, the meteorological factor extraction module specifically includes:
the layering unit is used for layering the atmospheric profile according to a preset height;
a meteorological stratification factor determining unit for determining the average temperature, air pressure and water vapor pressure of each layer as dependent variables by using a formula
Determining a meteorological layering factor of each layer;
the meteorological factor determining unit is used for determining the meteorological factor according to the meteorological layering factor;
wherein QX (i) is a meteorological layering factor, n is the total number of layers of the atmospheric profile, i is the i-th layer of the atmospheric profile, phi1、Φ2And phi3All are weighting factors, t is the average value of temperature, p is the average value of air pressure, and q is the average value of water vapor pressure.
The atmospheric degradable water quantity determining module specifically comprises:
an atmospheric degradable water amount determination unit for determining an atmospheric degradable water amount in the whole troposphere by using a formula PWV (i) ═ qx (i) × PWV according to the extracted meteorological factor;
wherein i is the ith layer of the layered vapor, PWV (i) is the atmospheric degradable water content of the ith layer, PWV is the combination of the atmospheric degradable water content, and QX (i) is the meteorological layering factor.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
according to the method and the system for establishing the three-dimensional water vapor grid model, the atmospheric profile is determined by utilizing sounding/occultation data, the time and space reference of deep fusion is determined, and the grid water vapor model based on multi-source data is established, so that the limitation that the whole troposphere is taken as a research object in the traditional technology is broken through, the fine extraction of water vapor information is realized, and a theoretical basis is provided for the fine weather forecast.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for establishing a three-dimensional water vapor grid model according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a general block diagram of a method for establishing a three-dimensional water vapor grid model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for establishing a three-dimensional water vapor grid model according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a method and a system for establishing a three-dimensional water vapor grid model, so that water vapor information can be extracted in a refined manner, and a theoretical basis is further provided for refined weather forecast.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for establishing a three-dimensional water vapor grid model according to the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, a method for establishing a three-dimensional water vapor grid model includes:
step 100: and acquiring GNSS observation data and exploration station hierarchical data. The sounding station hierarchical data includes: liquid water density, atmospheric water vapor density, total tropospheric height, water vapor pressure and absolute temperature.
Step 101: and determining the delay caused when the satellite signal longitudinally passes through the troposphere to reach the ground by adopting GNSS data processing and analyzing software according to the GNSS observation data.
Step 102: and determining the total delay of the troposphere of the station receiver in the zenith direction according to the delay inversion.
Step 103: and separating according to the total delay to obtain the zenith wet delay. The step 103 specifically includes:
step 1031: and acquiring the latitude of the measuring station, the height of the ground at the position and the air pressure.
Step 1032: and determining the zenith dry delay according to the latitude, the height of the ground and the air pressure. The zenith dry delay is as follows:
wherein ZHD is the zenith dry delay,
is latitude, hsIs the height of the ground, PsIs air pressure.
Step 1033: determining a zenith wet delay from the zenith dry delay and the total delay. The zenith wet delay is as follows:
ZWD＝ZTD-ZHD。
where ZWD is the wet zenith delay and ZTD is the total delay.
By linking the ZWD with meteorological parameters, the water-reducing capacity information which is important in climate research and weather forecast can be obtained.
Step 104: determining a first amount of atmospheric water reducible from the zenith wet delay. The method comprises the following steps:
using formula PWV1Determining a first amount of atmospheric water reducible PWV based on the zenith wet delay1。
Wherein ZWD is zenith wet retardation, pi is a dimensionless scale factor, and the relational expression is as follows:
in the formula, RvIs the water vapor gas constant, usually taken
k'2、k3Is the atmospheric refractive factor, TmFor the atmospheric weighted average temperature, the surface temperature T is established by using a Bevis modelsAnd the atmospheric weighted average temperature TmThe linear relationship of (1):
Tm＝a+b*Ts,a＝70.2,b＝0.72。
step 105: and determining the atmospheric degradable water volume above the survey station by adopting the layered data of the sounding station to obtain a second atmospheric degradable water volume. The process specifically comprises the following steps:
using a formula
Determining the second amount of atmospheric water reducible PWV according to the exploration station hierarchical data2。
In the formula, ρwaterIs liquid water density (10)3kg/m3)，ρwIs the density of water vapor in the atmosphere (g/m)3)，RvIs the specific gas constant of water vapor, H is the height of the entire troposphere, PwIs the water vapor pressure (hpa) and T is absoluteTemperature (K).
Step 106: and constructing a GNSS/sounding water vapor model according to the first atmospheric degradable water amount and the second atmospheric degradable water amount. The GNSS/sounding water vapor model is an atmospheric degradable water volume combination obtained by fusing and encrypting the first atmospheric degradable water volume and the second atmospheric degradable water volume.
Step 107: and determining occultation data and sounding data according to the GNSS/sounding water vapor model.
Step 108: and determining an atmospheric profile according to the occultation data and the sounding data.
Step 109: and acquiring the preset same starting time and the preset space interval.
Step 110: and determining a unified time and space reference according to the preset same-time calculation time and the preset space interval.
Step 111: and extracting meteorological factors in the atmospheric profile according to the unified time and space reference. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1111: and layering the atmospheric profile according to a preset height.
Step 1112: taking the average temperature, air pressure and water vapor pressure of each layer as dependent variables and adopting a formula
Determining a weather stratification factor for each layer.
Step 1113: and determining the meteorological factor according to the meteorological layering factor.
Wherein QX (i) is a meteorological layering factor, n is the total number of layers of the atmospheric profile, i is the i-th layer of the atmospheric profile, phi1、Φ2And phi3All are weighting factors, t is the average value of temperature, p is the average value of air pressure, and q is the average value of water vapor pressure.
Step 112: and determining the amount of atmospheric water reducible in the whole troposphere according to the extracted meteorological factors. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
determining the amount of atmospheric water reducible in the entire troposphere using the formula PWV (i) ═ qx (i) × PWV, based on the extracted meteorological factors.
Wherein i is the ith layer of the layered vapor, PWV (i) is the atmospheric degradable water content of the ith layer, PWV is the combination of the atmospheric degradable water content, and QX (i) is the meteorological layering factor.
Step 113: and constructing a three-dimensional water vapor grid model according to the atmospheric degradable water amount.
In sounding observation, information such as temperature, air pressure and humidity in the atmosphere at different heights is recorded through sensors on sounding balloons. The radio occultation technology obtains the information of water vapor and other physical parameters of the earth atmosphere by observing the bending degree of a GNSS radio signal from a GNSS penetrating through the atmosphere, after the system normally works, a COSMIC satellite carries out about 2500 times of observation in a global almost uniformly distributed place every 24h, after each observation is processed, a wet atmosphere profile in the COSMIC satellite directly gives atmosphere temperature, pressure and humidity profiles with intervals of 100m in a height interval of 0-40km, and the observation data with high vertical resolution greatly make up the defects of conventional sounding data, particularly for areas lacking sounding observation, such as plateaus, deserts, two poles and oceans.
In order to further improve the fineness of the extracted water vapor information, in the method for establishing the three-dimensional water vapor grid model, the atmospheric profile is preferably acquired by using the occultation data and the sounding data, and the atmospheric profile is layered along the vertical direction according to different heights. And (3) realizing the optimal weighting of the two data by adopting a variance component estimation method of MINQUE, and establishing a uniform water vapor model. The MINQUE model is based on mathematical statistics theory and can be used to directly estimate the variance-covariance matrix of the observed values. Assuming that the variance-covariance matrix can be written as:
wherein m is n (n-1)/2, and represents the number of variance components, [ theta ]1,θ2,L,θm]Is the amount of each square difference in the upper triangular matrix of the variance-covariance matrix, [ T ]1,T2,…,Tm]Is the corresponding companion matrix. Constructing an arbitrary linear function Ω ═ g of the variance component1θ1+g2θ2+…+gmθmAnd selecting a quadratic form l of an observation vector l under a Gaussian-Markov modelTMl, and require invariance, unbiased, and minimum norm conditions. Assume that M is the minimum trace problem by solving the following matrix:
where a is a model coefficient matrix, M is a quadratic positive definite matrix, i.e., a generation matrix, and α ═ g (g)1g2···gm)TIs a known m-dimensional vector, (theta)1θ2··· θm) A solution l obtained by solving a linear equation set (8) for the unit weight variance componentTMl, then the quadratic form is the minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimate of Ω. Accordingly, the variance component estimation value is obtained as:
in the formula, the (i, j) th element S of the matrix Si,j＝tr(RTiRTj) I-th element q of vector qi＝lTRTiRl，
Let R ═ C-1[E-A(ATC-1A)-1ATC-1]E is an identity matrix, therefore
During calculation, theta is solved by iteration, namely an initial value theta is given0The j-th iteration value is
When the variance component difference before and after iteration is less than a certain tiny amount, the iteration is terminated. At the moment, a variance-covariance matrix of the MINQUE model is obtained, so that an optimal weighting scheme of two kinds of heterogeneous data is determined, and an atmosphere profile model is established through optimal fusion.
Fig. 2 shows a general block diagram of a method for establishing a three-dimensional water vapor grid model according to the present invention.
In addition, aiming at the method for establishing the three-dimensional water vapor grid model, the invention also correspondingly provides a system for establishing the three-dimensional water vapor grid model, as shown in fig. 3, the system comprises: the system comprises a first acquisition module 1, a delay amount determination module 2, a total delay determination module 3, a zenith wet delay determination module 4, a first atmospheric water-reducing capacity determination module 5, a second atmospheric water-reducing capacity determination module 6, a GNSS/sounding water vapor model construction module 7, a occultation sounding data determination module 8, an atmospheric profile determination module 9, a second acquisition module 10, a time and space reference determination module 11, a meteorological factor extraction module 12, an atmospheric water-reducing capacity determination module 13 and a three-dimensional water vapor grid model construction module 14.
The first obtaining module 1 is configured to obtain GNSS observation data and exploration station hierarchical data. The sounding station hierarchical data includes: liquid water density, atmospheric water vapor density, total tropospheric height, water vapor pressure and absolute temperature.
The delay amount determining module 2 is configured to determine, by using GNSS data processing and analyzing software, a delay amount caused when the satellite signal longitudinally passes through the troposphere and reaches the ground according to the GNSS observation data.
And the total delay determination module 3 is used for inversely determining the total delay of the troposphere of the station receiver in the zenith direction according to the delay quantity.
And the zenith wet delay determining module 4 is used for separating the zenith wet delay according to the total delay.
The first atmospheric degradable water content determining module 5 is used for determining the first atmospheric degradable water content according to the zenith wet delay.
The second atmospheric degradable water quantity determining module 6 is used for determining the atmospheric degradable water quantity above the survey station by adopting the detection station hierarchical data to obtain the second atmospheric degradable water quantity.
The GNSS/sounding water vapor model building module 7 is used for building a GNSS/sounding water vapor model according to the first atmospheric degradable water amount and the second atmospheric degradable water amount. The GNSS/sounding water vapor model is an atmospheric degradable water volume combination obtained by fusing and encrypting the first atmospheric degradable water volume and the second atmospheric degradable water volume.
The occultation sounding data determination module 8 is configured to determine occultation data and sounding data according to the GNSS/sounding water vapor model.
The atmosphere profile determining module 9 is configured to determine an atmosphere profile according to the occultation data and the sounding data.
The second obtaining module 10 is configured to obtain a preset same starting time and a preset spatial interval.
The time and space reference determining module 11 is configured to determine a unified time and space reference according to the preset co-computation time and the preset space interval.
The weather factor extraction module 12 is configured to extract weather factors from the atmospheric profile based on the unified temporal and spatial reference.
The atmospheric degradable water quantity determining module 13 is used for determining the atmospheric degradable water quantity in the whole troposphere according to the extracted meteorological factors.
The three-dimensional water vapor grid model building module 14 is used for building a three-dimensional water vapor grid model according to the atmospheric degradable water amount.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the zenith wet delay determining module 4 specifically includes: the device comprises an acquisition unit, a zenith dry delay determination unit and a zenith wet delay determination unit.
The acquisition unit is used for acquiring the latitude of the measuring station, the height of the ground at the position and the air pressure.
And the zenith stem delay determining unit is used for determining zenith stem delay according to the latitude, the height of the ground and the air pressure. The zenith dry delay is as follows:
wherein ZHD is the zenith dry delay,
is latitude, hsIs the height of the ground, PsIs air pressure.
And the zenith wet delay determining unit is used for determining the zenith wet delay according to the zenith dry delay and the total delay. The zenith wet delay is as follows:
ZWD＝ZTD-ZHD。
where ZWD is the wet zenith delay and ZTD is the total delay.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first atmospheric degradable water content determining module 5 specifically includes: a first atmospheric degradable water amount determination unit.
Wherein the first atmospheric water volume determining unit is used for adopting a formula PWV1Determining a first amount of atmospheric water reducible PWV based on the zenith wet delay1。
Where ZWD is zenith wet retardation and pi is a dimensionless scale factor.
The second atmospheric degradable water quantity determination module 6 specifically includes: a second atmospheric degradable water amount determination unit.
Wherein the second atmospheric degradable water quantity determining unit is used for adopting a formula
Determining the second amount of atmospheric water reducible PWV according to the exploration station hierarchical data2。
In the formula, ρwaterIs liquid water density, ρwIs the density of water vapour in the atmosphere, RvIs the specific gas constant of water vapor, H is the height of the entire troposphere, PwIs the water vapour pressure and T is the absolute temperature.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the meteorological factor extracting module 12 specifically includes: the system comprises a layering unit, a meteorological layering factor determining unit and a meteorological factor determining unit.
The layering unit is used for layering the atmospheric profile according to a preset height.
The meteorological stratification factor determining unit is used for taking the average temperature, the air pressure and the water vapor pressure of each layer as dependent variables and adopting a formula
Determining a weather stratification factor for each layer.
The meteorological factor determining unit is used for determining the meteorological factor according to the meteorological layering factor.
Wherein QX (i) is a meteorological layering factor, n is the total number of layers of the atmospheric profile, i is the i-th layer of the atmospheric profile, phi1、Φ2And phi3All are weighting factors, t is the average value of temperature, p is the average value of air pressure, and q is the average value of water vapor pressure.
The atmospheric degradable water quantity determining module 13 specifically includes: and an atmospheric water reducible amount determining unit.
Wherein the atmospheric degradable water amount determining unit is configured to determine the amount of atmospheric degradable water in the entire troposphere by using a formula PWV (i) ═ qx (i) × PWV according to the extracted meteorological factor.
Wherein i is the ith layer of the layered vapor, PWV (i) is the atmospheric degradable water content of the ith layer, PWV is the combination of the atmospheric degradable water content, and QX (i) is the meteorological layering factor.
According to the method and the system for establishing the three-dimensional water vapor grid model, the ZWD is inverted by utilizing the GNSS data, so that the PWV is calculated, meanwhile, the PWV is calculated by utilizing the sounding station data, and the two are subjected to data fusion by utilizing least square variance estimation.
And acquiring the atmospheric profile by using the occultation data and the sounding data, and layering the atmospheric profile along the vertical direction according to different heights. And extracting meteorological factors in the atmospheric profile, setting a same calculation time and space interval, and establishing a uniform time and space reference. The optimal weighting of the three data is realized through a variance component estimation method of MINQUE, PWV on the height of each layer is calculated, and a three-dimensional water vapor model is obtained.
The method is to determine time and space reference of depth fusion on the basis of GNSS/sounding/occultation inversion of water vapor, and establish a grid water vapor model based on multi-source data. The method breaks through the limitation that the whole traditional troposphere is used as a research object, and the established layered water vapor model can extract a refined precipitation relation, provides a theoretical basis for refined weather forecast, and has certain practical significance.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. For the system disclosed by the embodiment, the description is relatively simple because the system corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for establishing a three-dimensional water vapor grid model is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring GNSS observation data and exploration station hierarchical data; the sounding station hierarchical data includes: liquid water density, atmospheric water vapor density, total tropospheric height, water vapor pressure and absolute temperature;
determining delay caused when satellite signals longitudinally pass through a troposphere to reach the ground by adopting GNSS data processing and analyzing software according to the GNSS observation data;
determining the total delay of the troposphere of the station receiver in the zenith direction according to the delay inversion;
separating according to the total delay to obtain zenith wet delay;
determining a first amount of atmospheric water reducible based on the zenith wet delay;
determining the atmospheric degradable water volume above the survey station by adopting the layered data of the sounding station to obtain a second atmospheric degradable water volume;
constructing a GNSS/sounding water vapor model according to the first atmospheric degradable water amount and the second atmospheric degradable water amount; the GNSS/sounding water vapor model is an atmospheric degradable water volume combination obtained by fusing and encrypting the first atmospheric degradable water volume and the second atmospheric degradable water volume;
determining occultation data and sounding data according to the GNSS/sounding water vapor model;
determining an atmospheric profile according to the occultation data and the sounding data;
acquiring preset same starting time and preset space interval;
determining a uniform time and space reference according to the preset same-time calculation time and the preset space interval;
extracting meteorological factors in the atmospheric profile according to the unified time and space reference;
determining the amount of atmospheric water reducible in the whole troposphere according to the extracted meteorological factors;
and constructing a three-dimensional water vapor grid model according to the atmospheric degradable water amount.
2. The method for building a three-dimensional water vapor mesh model according to claim 1, wherein the separating the zenith wet delay according to the total delay comprises:
acquiring the latitude of the survey station, the height of the ground and the air pressure of the position;
determining a zenith stem delay according to the latitude, the geodetic altitude and the barometric pressure; the zenith dry delay is as follows:
wherein ZHD is the zenith dry delay,
is latitude, hsIs the height of the ground, PsIs the air pressure;
determining a zenith wet delay from the zenith dry delay and the total delay; the zenith wet delay is as follows:
ZWD＝ZTD-ZHD；
where ZWD is the wet zenith delay and ZTD is the total delay.
3. The method for establishing a three-dimensional water vapor mesh model according to claim 1, wherein the determining a first amount of atmospheric water reducible based on the zenith wet delay comprises:
using formula PWV1Determining a first amount of atmospheric water reducible PWV based on the zenith wet delay1；
Where ZWD is zenith wet retardation and pi is a dimensionless scale factor.
4. The method for establishing the three-dimensional water vapor grid model according to claim 1, wherein the determining the atmospheric degradable water content over the survey station by using the sounding station hierarchical data to obtain a second atmospheric degradable water content specifically comprises:
using a formula
Determining the second amount of atmospheric water reducible PWV according to the exploration station hierarchical data2；
In the formula, ρwaterIs liquid water density, ρwIs the density of water vapour in the atmosphere, RvIs the specific gas constant of water vapor, H is the height of the entire troposphere, PwIs the water vapour pressure and T is the absolute temperature.
5. The method for building a three-dimensional water vapor grid model according to claim 1, wherein said extracting meteorological factors in the atmospheric profile according to the unified temporal and spatial reference specifically comprises:
layering the atmospheric profile according to a preset height;
taking the average temperature, air pressure and water vapor pressure of each layer as dependent variables and adopting a formula
Determining a meteorological layering factor of each layer;
determining the meteorological factor according to the meteorological layering factor;
wherein QX (i) is a meteorological layering factor, n is the total number of layers of the atmospheric profile, i is the i-th layer of the atmospheric profile, phi1、Φ2And phi3All are weighting factors, t is the average value of temperature, p is the average value of air pressure, and q is the average value of water vapor pressure.
6. The method for establishing a three-dimensional water vapor mesh model according to claim 1, wherein the determining the amount of atmospheric water reducible in the entire troposphere according to the extracted meteorological factors specifically comprises:
determining the amount of atmospheric water reducible in the whole troposphere by adopting a formula PWV (i) ═ QX (i) × PWV according to the extracted meteorological factors;
wherein i is the ith layer of the layered vapor, PWV (i) is the atmospheric degradable water content of the ith layer, PWV is the combination of the atmospheric degradable water content, and QX (i) is the meteorological layering factor.
7. A system for building a three-dimensional water vapor mesh model, comprising:
the first acquisition module is used for acquiring GNSS observation data and exploration station layered data; the sounding station hierarchical data includes: liquid water density, atmospheric water vapor density, total tropospheric height, water vapor pressure and absolute temperature;
the delay amount determining module is used for determining delay amount caused when the satellite signal longitudinally passes through the troposphere to reach the ground by adopting GNSS data processing and analyzing software according to the GNSS observation data;
the total delay determining module is used for determining the total delay of the troposphere of the station receiver in the zenith direction according to the delay inversion;
a zenith wet delay determining module for separating to obtain zenith wet delay according to the total delay;
the first atmospheric water reducible quantity determining module is used for determining a first atmospheric water reducible quantity according to the zenith wet delay;
the second atmospheric degradable water quantity determining module is used for determining the atmospheric degradable water quantity above the sounding station by adopting the sounding station hierarchical data to obtain a second atmospheric degradable water quantity;
the GNSS/sounding water vapor model building module is used for building a GNSS/sounding water vapor model according to the first atmospheric degradable water amount and the second atmospheric degradable water amount; the GNSS/sounding water vapor model is an atmospheric degradable water volume combination obtained by fusing and encrypting the first atmospheric degradable water volume and the second atmospheric degradable water volume;
the occultation sounding data determining module is used for determining occultation data and sounding data according to the GNSS/sounding water vapor model;
the atmosphere profile determining module is used for determining an atmosphere profile according to the occultation data and the sounding data;
the second acquisition module is used for acquiring the same preset starting time and a preset space interval;
the time and space reference determining module is used for determining a uniform time and space reference according to the preset same calculation time and the preset space interval;
the meteorological factor extracting module is used for extracting meteorological factors in the atmospheric profile according to the unified time and space reference;
the atmospheric degradable water quantity determining module is used for determining the atmospheric degradable water quantity in the whole troposphere according to the extracted meteorological factors;
and the three-dimensional water vapor grid model building module is used for building a three-dimensional water vapor grid model according to the atmospheric degradable water yield.
8. The system for building a three-dimensional water vapor mesh model according to claim 7, wherein the zenith wet delay determining module specifically comprises:
the acquisition unit is used for acquiring the latitude of the survey station, the height of the ground at the position and the air pressure;
a zenith stem delay determining unit for determining zenith stem delay according to the latitude, the geodetic altitude and the barometric pressure; the zenith dry delay is as follows:
wherein ZHD is the zenith dry delay,
is latitude, hsIs the height of the ground, PsIs the air pressure;
a zenith wet delay determining unit for determining a zenith wet delay according to the zenith dry delay and the total delay; the zenith wet delay is as follows:
ZWD＝ZTD-ZHD；
where ZWD is the wet zenith delay and ZTD is the total delay.
9. The system for building a three-dimensional water vapor mesh model according to claim 7, wherein the first atmospheric degradable water content determining module specifically comprises:
a first atmospheric degradable water amount determination unit for adopting formula PWV1Determining a first amount of atmospheric water reducible PWV based on the zenith wet delay1；
Wherein ZWD is zenith wet retardation, pi is a dimensionless scale factor;
the second atmospheric degradable water quantity determination module specifically includes:
a second atmospheric degradable water amount determination unit for employing a formula
Determining the second amount of atmospheric water reducible PWV according to the exploration station hierarchical data2；
In the formula, ρwaterIs liquid water density, ρwIs the density of water vapour in the atmosphere, RvIs the specific gas constant of water vapor, H is the height of the entire troposphere, PwIs the water vapour pressure and T is the absolute temperature.
10. The system for building a three-dimensional water vapor grid model according to claim 7, wherein the meteorological factor extraction module specifically comprises:
the layering unit is used for layering the atmospheric profile according to a preset height;
a meteorological stratification factor determining unit for determining the average temperature, air pressure and water vapor pressure of each layer as dependent variables by using a formula
Determining a meteorological layering factor of each layer;
the meteorological factor determining unit is used for determining the meteorological factor according to the meteorological layering factor;
wherein QX (i) is a meteorological layering factor, n is the total number of layers of the atmospheric profile, i is the i-th layer of the atmospheric profile, phi1、Φ2And phi3All are weighting factors, t is the average value of temperature, p is the average value of air pressure, and q is the average value of water vapor pressure.
The atmospheric degradable water quantity determining module specifically comprises:
an atmospheric degradable water amount determination unit for determining an atmospheric degradable water amount in the whole troposphere by using a formula PWV (i) ═ qx (i) × PWV according to the extracted meteorological factor;
wherein i is the ith layer of the layered vapor, PWV (i) is the atmospheric degradable water content of the ith layer, PWV is the combination of the atmospheric degradable water content, and QX (i) is the meteorological layering factor.
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