CN111879966A - Fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor for multi-direction detection - Google Patents
Fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor for multi-direction detection Download PDFInfo
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- CN111879966A CN111879966A CN202010589083.8A CN202010589083A CN111879966A CN 111879966 A CN111879966 A CN 111879966A CN 202010589083 A CN202010589083 A CN 202010589083A CN 111879966 A CN111879966 A CN 111879966A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
- G01P15/02—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
- G01P15/03—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses by using non-electrical means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
- G01P15/18—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration in two or more dimensions
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor for multi-direction detection, which can detect the acceleration in three different directions of x, y and z. The invention uses a closed vertical shell as the shell of the sensor, and acceleration sensing devices in three different directions of x, y and z are arranged in the shell. The central wavelength deviation of the fiber bragg grating in the x, y and z different directions is detected through a high-speed wavelength demodulator, so that the acceleration in the x, y and z directions is calculated. The structure of the plurality of fiber gratings can simultaneously consider the influence of vibration and temperature change on acceleration, so that the fiber gratings have a good temperature self-compensation function. The fiber grating acceleration sensor has the advantages of novel structure, easy integration, high measurement precision and wide application field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fiber grating sensing, and particularly relates to a fiber grating acceleration sensor for multi-direction detection.
Background
At present, in the fields of aviation, navigation, market engineering application and the like, higher requirements are put forward for accurate measurement of vibration acceleration signals. The main principle of acceleration signal measurement is: indirect measurement is performed by using the inertia of the object motion. The conventional electric acceleration sensor mainly has: piezoresistive acceleration sensors, piezoelectric acceleration sensors, capacitive acceleration sensors, and the like. When an object moves at a high speed, the conventional electric acceleration sensor technology cannot keep stable electric performance, is easy to be interfered by electromagnetic waves, and is only suitable for short-distance transmission. Meanwhile, the traditional electrical acceleration sensor has certain limitation on the measurement accuracy of the acceleration. The sensor based on the fiber bragg grating utilizes the optical fiber as a signal carrier, can transmit signals at long distance, does not generate electromagnetic interference, and is a low-loss excellent sensitive element. The appearance of the fiber bragg grating-based sensor provides a new idea for accurate measurement of acceleration.
In the acceleration sensor based on the fiber bragg grating in the prior art, a mass block is used for compressing or extending a spring/cantilever beam under the action of inertia, so that the central wavelength of a transmission signal in an optical fiber is changed. By monitoring this change, the magnitude of the acceleration of the object at that time is obtained. However, the above-mentioned techniques have the following problems: (1) only the acceleration in a certain direction can be measured, and the accelerations in a plurality of different directions cannot be measured simultaneously; (2) the influence of the ambient temperature on the central wavelength shift of the transmission signal in the optical fiber cannot be considered; (3) when the acceleration of the object motion is too large, the optical fiber is easily damaged, so the measurement range of the acceleration of the sensor should be limited, and the adverse effect of the too large acceleration on the fiber bragg grating sensor is not considered in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-direction detection fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor, which aims to solve the technical problem that the acceleration in a plurality of different directions cannot be measured simultaneously in the prior art. The fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor can know the acceleration of the motion of an object by detecting the change condition of the central wavelength of light in the optical fiber in real time, and has high stability and accuracy.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a multi-direction detection fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor comprises a closed vertical shell, wherein an x-direction acceleration sensing device, a y-direction acceleration sensing device and a z-direction acceleration sensing device are arranged in the shell, the x-direction acceleration sensing device comprises a first fiber bragg grating, a first spring, a first tail fiber and a first lightweight wood rod, the first fiber bragg grating is arranged along the x direction, the first fiber bragg grating is connected with the first tail fiber, the first tail fiber penetrates out of the left wall of the shell, the first spring is tightly wound on the first fiber bragg grating, one end of the first spring is connected with the left wall of the shell, the other end of the first spring is connected with the first lightweight wood rod, and the first lightweight wood rod and the first fiber bragg grating are located on the same straight line and can move back and forth along the x direction; the y-direction acceleration sensing device comprises a second fiber bragg grating, a second spring, a second tail fiber and a second light wood rod, the second fiber bragg grating is arranged along the y direction and connected with the second tail fiber, the second tail fiber penetrates out of the front wall of the shell, the second spring is tightly wound on the second fiber bragg grating, one end of the second spring is connected with the front wall of the shell, the other end of the second spring is connected with the second light wood rod, and the second light wood rod and the second fiber bragg grating are located on the same straight line and can move back and forth along the y direction; the z-direction acceleration sensing device comprises a third fiber bragg grating, a third spring, a third tail fiber and a mass block, wherein the third fiber bragg grating is arranged along the z direction and connected with the third tail fiber, the third tail fiber penetrates out of the bottom wall of the shell, the third spring is tightly wound on the third fiber bragg grating, one end of the third spring is connected with the bottom wall of the shell, the other end of the third spring is connected with the mass block, and the mass block and the third fiber bragg grating are located on the same straight line and can move back and forth along the z direction.
Furthermore, a first limiting mechanism used for limiting the first light wood rod to move along the x direction, a second limiting mechanism used for limiting the second light wood rod to move along the y direction and a third limiting mechanism used for limiting the mass block to move along the z direction are further arranged in the shell.
Further, first stop gear includes the first one-way slide rail that sets up along the x direction and blocks the piece with two first that first one-way slide rail both ends are connected, and two first block the piece and fix the roof of casing, first light wood pole with first one-way slide rail is connected and can be along the motion of first one-way slide rail.
Further, the second limiting mechanism comprises a second one-way sliding rail arranged along the y direction and two second blocking blocks connected with two ends of the second one-way sliding rail, the two second blocking blocks are fixed on the top wall of the shell, and the second light wood rod is connected with the second one-way sliding rail and can move along the second one-way sliding rail.
Furthermore, the third limiting mechanism comprises two limiting assemblies symmetrically arranged on the left wall and the right wall of the shell, each limiting assembly comprises an upper cantilever arm, a lower cantilever arm and vertical thin rods connected with the upper cantilever arm and the lower cantilever arm, which are parallel, and two ends of the mass block are respectively connected with the two vertical thin rods and can move along the vertical thin rods.
Further, the mass block is a T-shaped mass block, and through holes allowing the vertical thin rods to penetrate through are formed in two ends of the T-shaped mass block.
Furthermore, the fiber grating acceleration sensor further comprises a substrate, and the shell is supported and fixed on the substrate through four pillars.
Further, the pillars are made of porous silicon material.
Furthermore, a first optical fiber through hole is formed in the left wall of the shell, a second optical fiber through hole is formed in the front wall of the shell, a third optical fiber through hole is formed in the bottom wall of the shell, the first tail optical fiber is led out of the shell through the first optical fiber through hole, the second tail optical fiber is led out of the shell through the second optical fiber through hole, and the third tail optical fiber is led out of the shell through the third optical fiber through hole.
Furthermore, three optical fiber protection tubes are arranged outside the shell, the three optical fiber protection tubes are respectively located at the first optical fiber through hole, the second optical fiber through hole and the third optical fiber through hole, and the first tail fiber, the second tail fiber and the third tail fiber are respectively led out from the corresponding optical fiber protection tubes.
Compared with the prior art, the fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor for multi-direction detection has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. acceleration sensing devices in three different directions of x, y and z are arranged in the shell. The direction of the movement of the object and the acceleration of the movement along the direction are judged by detecting the variation of the central wavelength of light returned from the tail fiber in three different directions, so that the multi-direction detection function is realized;
2. has good temperature self-compensation function. When the object moves in an environment with high temperature, the temperature has a non-negligible effect on the shift of the central wavelength of the fiber grating. When the object moves in the x-direction, the wavelength of the first fiber grating is affected by both vibration and temperature, while the second and third fiber gratings are affected only by temperature. Therefore, the wavelength influence caused by vibration in the first fiber grating can be deduced by measuring the influence of the temperature in the second fiber grating and the third fiber grating on the wavelength;
3. the acceleration in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction is reasonably limited by adopting a stop block and an upper cantilever beam structure and a lower cantilever beam structure which are parallel, so that the situation that the normal work of the sensor is damaged due to overlarge acceleration is avoided;
4. the bottom support column made of the porous silicon material reduces the contact area with the substrate, and simultaneously reduces the heat conduction phenomenon on the substrate to a great extent because the porous silicon material has good heat insulation performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an xoz side view of a fiber grating acceleration sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a yoz view of a fiber grating accelerometer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a structural diagram illustrating a z-direction acceleration sensing device in the fiber grating acceleration sensor according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-a shell; 2-a pillar; 3-a substrate; 4A-a first fiber grating; 4B-a second fiber grating; 4C-a third fiber grating; 5A-a first pigtail; 5B-a second pigtail; 5C-a third tail fiber; 6A-a first spring; 6B-a second spring; 6C-third spring; 7A-a first optical fiber protection tube; 7B-a second optical fiber protection tube; 7C-a third optical fiber protection tube; 8A-a first stop; 8B-a second stop; 9A-a first one-way slide rail; 9B-a second one-way slide rail; 10A-a first lightweight wood pole; 10B-a second lightweight wood pole; 11A-a first fiber through hole; 11B-a second fiber via; 11C-a third fiber via; a 12-T-shaped mass block; 13A-upper cantilever beam; 13B-lower cantilever; 14-vertical thin rods; 15-fixing block; 16-connecting vias.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
The structure of the fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor for multi-direction detection in the embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 1 and 2. The sensor has a closed upright casing 1 as a sensor housing, four pillars 2 made of porous silicon material are provided at the bottom end of the casing 1, and the pillars 2 are fixed to a substrate 3 by an adhesive. Acceleration sensing devices in three different directions of x, y and z are arranged in the sensor, and the 3 sensing devices in different directions are used for measuring the accelerations in different directions.
The acceleration sensing device in the x direction comprises a first fiber bragg grating 4A, a first tail fiber 5A, a first spring 6A, a first fiber protection tube 7A and a first light wood rod 10A.
A first limiting mechanism is arranged in the shell 1 and comprises two wooden first blocking blocks 8A and a first one-way sliding rail 9A.
Two first stop the piece 8A and fix at 1 roof of casing, first one-way slide rail 9A both ends respectively with two first stop piece 8A fixed connection, first one-way slide rail 9A sets up along the x direction, first light wooden pole 10A and first one-way slide rail 9A swing joint can be along the motion of first one-way slide rail 9A, first light wooden pole 10A and first fiber grating 4A are located same straight line. The two first blocking blocks 8A and the first one-way sliding rail 9A are used for limiting the acceleration magnitude and the movement direction detected in the x direction, so that the normal operation of the sensor is protected.
First optical fiber protection pipe 7A sets up outside casing 1, first optic fibre through-hole 11A department, and first tail optical fiber 5A wears out from first optical fiber protection pipe 7A, and first optical fiber protection pipe 7A plays fixed action to first tail optical fiber 5A, and can guarantee the normal propagation of light.
When the object does not move in the x direction, the first spring 6A is in a natural state, and no compression or extension movement occurs, and the first light wood rod 10A is located at the center of the first one-way sliding rail 9A. If the object moves in the positive x-direction, the first lightweight wood pole 10A also moves in the positive x-direction, causing the first spring 6A to be stretched. At this time, the center wavelength of light propagating in the first fiber grating 4A tightly wound by the first spring 6A is shifted.
The composition and connection of the acceleration sensor in the y-direction are the same as those of the acceleration sensor in the x-direction, and therefore, the description is only made briefly. The acceleration sensing device in the y direction comprises a second fiber bragg grating 4B, a second tail fiber 5B, a second spring 6B, a second fiber protection tube 7B and a second light wood rod 10B.
A second limiting mechanism is arranged in the shell 1 and comprises two wooden second stop blocks 8B and a second one-way sliding rail 9B, and the second stop blocks are used for limiting the acceleration and the motion direction detected in the y direction.
The z-direction acceleration sensing device comprises a third fiber bragg grating 4C, a third tail fiber 5C, a third spring 6C, a third fiber protection tube 7C and a T-shaped mass block 12.
The third fiber bragg grating 4C is arranged along the z direction, the third fiber bragg grating 4C is connected with the third tail fiber 5C, the third tail fiber 5C is led out of the shell 1 through a third fiber through hole 11C in the shell 1, a third spring 6C is tightly wound on the third fiber bragg grating 4C, one end of the third spring 6C is connected with the bottom wall of the shell 1, and the other end of the third spring is fixedly connected with the T-shaped mass block 12 through modes such as an adhesive and the like.
A third limiting mechanism is arranged in the shell 1 and comprises two symmetrical limiting assemblies for acceleration in the z direction. Two spacing subassemblies symmetry set up the wall about casing 1, and every spacing subassembly includes parallel upper suspension arm 13A, lower suspension arm 13B and with upper suspension arm 13A, the vertical slender rod 14 that lower suspension arm 13B is connected. Two ends of the T-shaped mass block 12 are movably connected with the two vertical thin rods 14 respectively, and can move up and down along the vertical thin rods 14. The limiting assembly can limit the magnitude and the motion direction of the z-direction acceleration so as to protect the normal operation of the sensor.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the upper cantilever arm 13A and the lower cantilever arm 13B are provided with corresponding connecting through holes 16, the vertical thin rod 14 is inserted into the two connecting through holes 16, and the vertical thin rod 14 is fixed on the upper cantilever arm 13A and the lower cantilever arm 13B by the upper fixing block 15 and the lower fixing block 15 (shown in fig. 1). Through holes are arranged at two ends of the T-shaped mass block 12, and the T-shaped mass block 12 is movably connected with the vertical thin rod 14 through the through holes at the two ends. Thereby. Z-direction motion of the T-shaped mass 12 is limited by a limiting assembly consisting of an upper cantilever beam 13A, a lower cantilever beam 13B and a vertical slender rod 14.
When the object does not move in the z direction, the third spring 6C in the z direction is under the gravity of the T-shaped mass 12, and the initial state is in a compressed state. When the object moves in the z direction, the T-shaped mass 12 also moves in the z direction, thereby moving the third spring 6C. At this time, the center wavelength of light transmitted in the third fiber grating 4C tightly surrounded by the third spring 6C is shifted.
The working principle of the fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor for multi-direction detection in the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
and respectively connecting the first tail fiber, the second tail fiber and the third tail fiber to a high-speed wavelength demodulator, and running a program for detection. Firstly, the direction of the movement of the object is judged by detecting whether the central wavelengths of the three tail fibers are changed, and then the acceleration of the movement of the object along the direction is calculated according to the variation of the central wavelengths of the fiber bragg gratings in the direction. When the object moves in the x direction, the first light wood rod 10A moves on the first one-way rail 9A, so as to drive the first spring 6A to move, and at this time, the central wavelength of the first fiber grating 4A tightly surrounded by the first spring 6A changes. Meanwhile, the stoppers 8A on both sides of the first unidirectional rail 9A can effectively limit the range of the x-direction movement acceleration. When the object moves in the y-direction, the working mechanism coincides with the x-direction. When the object moves in the z direction, the T-shaped mass 12 also moves in the z direction, thereby moving the third spring 6C. And the center wavelength of the third fiber grating 4C tightly surrounded by the third spring 6C is also changed accordingly. At this time, the limiting structure composed of the upper cantilever beam 13A and the lower cantilever beam 13B plays a role in limiting the range of the acceleration in the z direction, thereby ensuring that the sensor can work normally with high efficiency and stability.
When the temperature is too high, the influence of the temperature on the central wavelength of the fiber grating cannot be ignored. Because the three fiber gratings are all arranged in the sensor and have the same material and structure, the three fiber gratings have the same sensing capability to the temperature. If the object is moved in the x direction, the wavelength of the first fiber grating 4A is affected by both vibration and temperature, while the second and third fiber gratings 4B, 4C are affected only by temperature. Therefore, the influence of the temperature of the second fiber grating 4B and the third fiber grating 4C on the wavelength can be measured to derive the influence of the wavelength caused by the vibration in the first fiber grating 4A. The structure of the plurality of fiber gratings enables the acceleration sensor to have a good temperature self-compensation function.
The present invention has been disclosed in terms of the preferred embodiment, but is not intended to be limited to the embodiment, and all technical solutions obtained by substituting or converting equivalents thereof fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-direction detection fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor is characterized by comprising a closed vertical shell, wherein an x-direction acceleration sensing device, a y-direction acceleration sensing device and a z-direction acceleration sensing device are arranged in the shell, the x-direction acceleration sensing device comprises a first fiber bragg grating, a first spring, a first tail fiber and a first light wood rod, the first fiber bragg grating is arranged along the x direction and connected with the first tail fiber, the first tail fiber penetrates out of the left wall of the shell, the first spring is tightly wound on the first fiber bragg grating, one end of the first spring is connected with the left wall of the shell, the other end of the first spring is connected with the first light wood rod, and the first light wood rod and the first fiber bragg grating are positioned on the same straight line and can move back and forth along the x direction; the y-direction acceleration sensing device comprises a second fiber bragg grating, a second spring, a second tail fiber and a second light wood rod, the second fiber bragg grating is arranged along the y direction and connected with the second tail fiber, the second tail fiber penetrates out of the front wall of the shell, the second spring is tightly wound on the second fiber bragg grating, one end of the second spring is connected with the front wall of the shell, the other end of the second spring is connected with the second light wood rod, and the second light wood rod and the second fiber bragg grating are located on the same straight line and can move back and forth along the y direction; the z-direction acceleration sensing device comprises a third fiber bragg grating, a third spring, a third tail fiber and a mass block, wherein the third fiber bragg grating is arranged along the z direction and connected with the third tail fiber, the third tail fiber penetrates out of the bottom wall of the shell, the third spring is tightly wound on the third fiber bragg grating, one end of the third spring is connected with the bottom wall of the shell, the other end of the third spring is connected with the mass block, and the mass block and the third fiber bragg grating are located on the same straight line and can move back and forth along the z direction.
2. The multi-direction detecting fiber grating acceleration sensor of claim 1, characterized in that a first limiting mechanism for limiting the first light wood rod to move along the x direction, a second limiting mechanism for limiting the second light wood rod to move along the y direction, and a third limiting mechanism for limiting the mass block to move along the z direction are further disposed in the housing.
3. The multi-direction detection fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor according to claim 2, wherein the first limiting mechanism comprises a first one-way sliding rail arranged along the x direction and two first blocking blocks connected with two ends of the first one-way sliding rail, the two first blocking blocks are fixed on the top wall of the housing, and the first lightweight wood rod is connected with the first one-way sliding rail and can move along the first one-way sliding rail.
4. The multi-direction detection fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor according to claim 2, wherein the second limiting mechanism comprises a second one-way sliding rail arranged along the y direction and two second blocking blocks connected with two ends of the second one-way sliding rail, the two second blocking blocks are fixed on the top wall of the housing, and the second lightweight wood rod is connected with the second one-way sliding rail and can move along the second one-way sliding rail.
5. The multi-direction detection fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor according to claim 2, wherein the third limiting mechanism comprises two limiting components symmetrically arranged on the left and right walls of the housing, each limiting component comprises an upper cantilever arm, a lower cantilever arm and a vertical slender rod connected with the upper cantilever arm and the lower cantilever arm in parallel, and two ends of the mass block are respectively connected with the two vertical slender rods and can move along the vertical slender rods.
6. The multi-directional detection fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor of claim 5, wherein the mass block is a T-shaped mass block, and through holes allowing a vertical thin rod to pass through are formed at two ends of the T-shaped mass block.
7. The multi-directional sensing fiber grating acceleration sensor of claim 1, further comprising a base, wherein the housing is supported and fixed on the base by four pillars.
8. The multi-directional detecting fiber grating acceleration sensor of claim 7, characterized in that the pillars are made of porous silicon material.
9. The fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor for multi-directional detection according to claim 1, wherein a first fiber through hole is formed in a left wall of the housing, a second fiber through hole is formed in a front wall of the housing, a third fiber through hole is formed in a bottom wall of the housing, the first pigtail is led out of the housing through the first fiber through hole, the second pigtail is led out of the housing through the second fiber through hole, and the third pigtail is led out of the housing through the third fiber through hole.
10. The fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor for multi-directional detection according to claim 9, wherein three fiber protection tubes are disposed outside the housing, the three fiber protection tubes are respectively disposed at the first fiber through hole, the second fiber through hole and the third fiber through hole, and the first pigtail, the second pigtail and the third pigtail are respectively led out from the corresponding fiber protection tubes.
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| CN113804281A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-12-17 | 西安理工大学 | Sound wave vibration measuring device based on F-P optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensing principle |
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