CN111879642A - Method for determining influence of acid liquid on mechanical properties of carbonate rock by utilizing surface embedding - Google Patents
Method for determining influence of acid liquid on mechanical properties of carbonate rock by utilizing surface embedding Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining the influence of acid liquor on mechanical properties of carbonate rock by utilizing surface embedding, which mainly prepares two groups of compact carbonate rocks with basically consistent density, porosity, permeability and sound wave speed into standard cylindrical rock samples and divides the samples into an acid treatment group and an original state group; placing the acid-treated rock group sample into a rock core displacement device, carrying out an acid liquid displacement experiment to obtain an acid-damaged rock group sample, and recording the change of flow and pressure along with displacement time in the displacement process; respectively carrying out surface embedding experiments on the rock samples of the acid damage group and the original state group by using a flat-bottomed cylindrical pressure head, and recording experiment process parameters; calculating the mechanical property of the rock sample according to the parameters of the experimental process and the parameters of the flat-bottomed cylindrical pressure head; and comparing the mechanical properties of the acid damage rock composition sample and the original state rock composition sample, and determining the influence of the acid liquid on the mechanical properties of the compact carbonate rock. The method has reliable principle and simple and convenient operation, and truly reflects the influence of the acid liquid on the mechanical property of the compact carbonate rock.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas exploration and development, and relates to a method for determining the influence of acid liquor on mechanical properties of carbonate rock by surface embedding.
Background
Acid treatment is the main measure for the stimulation of carbonate reservoirs, and comprises acidification and acid fracturing technologies. In the acidification construction process, acid liquor flows into the rock matrix part and undergoes acid-rock reaction, so that reactive minerals are corroded, the pore space is expanded, a flow channel is formed, and the yield of an oil-gas reservoir is improved; in the acid fracturing construction process, acid liquor is squeezed and injected into a reservoir at high pressure, and the acid liquor generates non-uniform etching on the surface of an artificial crack or a natural crack to form an acid-etched crack with certain flow conductivity and provide a flow channel for fluid, so that the aims of improving the oil-gas seepage condition and increasing the oil-gas yield are fulfilled. The acid rock reaction increases the pore space of the rock, forms an oil-gas flow channel, and simultaneously weakens the mechanical property of the rock, so that the bearing capacity of the rock is weakened, and the rock collapses under the action of pressure and blocks the flow channel. And a balance point is searched between the expansion of the pore space and the weakening of the mechanical property, so that the long-term stability of the yield of the oil and gas reservoir can be ensured.
The change of the mechanical property of the rock before and after acid treatment is determined by an experimental method, and the flowing reaction process of the acid liquid in the actual reservoir is simulated by adopting a rock core displacement experiment. For carbonate rock with developed pores, acid liquor can directly circulate through the whole rock sample in the displacement process, acid rock reaction can weaken the mechanical property of the whole rock sample, and the influence of the acid liquor on the mechanical property of the whole rock is generally tested by adopting the following two methods: (1) testing the mechanical properties of the rock sample before and after acid treatment by adopting a triaxial rock mechanical experiment, and analyzing the influence of acid-rock reaction on the compressive strength, Young modulus and the like of the rock; (2) and (3) testing the propagation speed of the sound wave in the rock before and after acid treatment, and analyzing the influence of acid-rock reaction on the elastic parameters of the rock.
For compact carbonate rock, acid liquor is difficult to displace into the rock core, acid rock reaction is concentrated on the end face of the inlet end of the rock core, the acid liquor mainly weakens the mechanical property of the rock surface, and the change of the mechanical property of the rock surface is difficult to reflect by adopting a triaxial rock mechanical experiment or an acoustic velocity testing method, so that the influence of the acid liquor on the mechanical property of the compact carbonate rock is not favorably and quantitatively evaluated, and the accuracy of calculating the diversion capacity of the acid-etched fracture in acid fracturing design is directly influenced. Therefore, the influence of acid solution on the mechanical properties of the rock surface needs to be studied intensively.
In the technical field of petroleum and natural gas exploration and development, scholars often adopt Brinell hardness to characterize the mechanical properties of the rock surface. The Brinell hardness is proposed in the field of metal materials and is widely applied, and a spherical indenter is pressed into the surface of a material, and the ratio of the pressing load to the surface area of an indentation is defined as the Brinell hardness. Different from continuous media such as metal, the rock belongs to discontinuous media, and along with the increase of the depth of impressing, indentation surface area jump increases, and the broken rock at indentation edge leads to indentation surface area difficult accurate measurement to influenced the accurate calculation of brinell hardness. Hill (2007) tests the surface Brinell hardness of the acid-etched crack before and after acid etching, and finds that the Brinell hardness of a part of the area is reduced and the Brinell hardness of a part of the area is increased after acid rock reaction. Pournik (2011) indicates that the influence rule of acid rock reaction on the mechanical property of the surface of the crack cannot be accurately reflected due to a large fluctuation range of a Brinell hardness test value.
The use of Brinell hardness for the characterization of the mechanical properties of the rock surface has obvious limitations, and a new method needs to be adopted for determining the influence of acid liquid on the mechanical properties of the rock surface.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly overcomes the defects in the prior art, and provides a method for determining the influence of acid liquor on the mechanical properties of carbonate rock by utilizing surface embedding, which can truly reflect the influence of acid liquor on the mechanical properties of compact carbonate rock.
The technical scheme provided by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the method for determining the influence of acid liquid on the mechanical properties of carbonate rock by utilizing surface embedding comprises the following steps:
s10, collecting compact carbonate rocks in a research work area, and making two groups of standard cylindrical rock samples, wherein one group is an acid treatment group, and the other group is an original state group;
s20, carrying out an acid liquor displacement experiment on the acid-treated rock sample to obtain an acid-damaged rock sample, and recording the changes of flow and pressure along with displacement time in the displacement process;
s30, respectively carrying out surface embedding experiments on the rock samples of the acid damage group and the original state group by using a flat-bottomed cylindrical pressure head, and recording experiment process parameters;
s40, respectively calculating the mechanical properties of the rock samples of the acid damage group and the original state group according to the parameters of the experimental process and the parameters of the flat-bottomed cylindrical pressure head;
s50, comparing the mechanical properties of the rock sample of the acid damage group and the rock sample of the original state group obtained by calculation in the step S40, and determining the influence of the acid liquid on the mechanical properties of the compact carbonate rock.
The further technical scheme is that the standard cylindrical rock sample is 25mm in diameter and 50mm in length, and the non-parallelism of two end faces of the standard cylindrical rock sample is less than 0.05 mm.
The further technical scheme is that the density, porosity, permeability and speed of sound waves passing through the rock sample of the acid treatment group and the original state group in the step S10 are the same.
The further technical scheme is that the speed comprises a longitudinal wave speed and a transverse wave speed.
The further technical scheme is that the experimental confining pressure in the acid liquid displacement experiment in the step S20 is the sum of the difference between the minimum horizontal principal stress in the reservoir of the research work area and the formation pressure and the back pressure; the experimental temperature is the reservoir temperature of the research work area.
The further technical scheme is that a static pressing hardness method is adopted in the surface embedding experiment in the step S30; when the acid damage rock sample is used for carrying out the experiment, the end face of the rock sample inlet end in the acid liquor displacement experiment is used for carrying out the experiment.
Further technical solution is that the experimental process parameters in the step S30 include load, ram displacement, and loading time.
The further technical scheme is that the diameter of the flat-bottom cylindrical indenter in the step S30 is 3 mm.
The further technical scheme is that the mechanical properties of the rock sample comprise static indentation hardness and Young modulus;
wherein the static indentation hardness is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula: a is the bottom area of the pressure head in mm2(ii) a D is the diameter of the pressure head, and the unit is mm; fmaxThe load when complete crushing of the rock occurs is given in N; h is the rock static pressing hardness, and the unit is MPa;
the young's modulus is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula: f is the load in the static pressing process and has the unit of N; σ is stress, in MPa; d is the displacement of the pressure head in the static pressing process, and the unit is mm; l is the length of the rock sample in mm; is strain, which is expressed in decimal fraction; delta sigma is the stress increment of the linear increasing stage of the load along with the displacement of the pressure head, and the unit of the delta sigma is MPa; delta is the strain increment of the linear increasing stage of the load along with the displacement of the pressure head, and the unit of delta is decimal; e is Young's modulus in MPa.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, a flat-bottomed cylindrical pressure head is adopted to carry out a surface embedding experiment, the contact area of the pressure head and the rock surface is fixed, the problem that the surface area of an indentation formed by a spherical pressure head is difficult to accurately measure is solved, and the rock static indentation hardness can be accurately calculated according to the load when the rock is completely crushed, so that the influence of acid liquid on the surface strength of the compact carbonate rock is determined;
2. calculating the Young modulus according to the stress and strain increment of the stage of linear increase of the indentation load along with the displacement of the pressure head, thereby determining the influence of the acid liquid on the elastic deformation characteristic of the surface of the compact carbonate rock;
3. the method can reflect the influence of acid liquor on the mechanical property of the compact carbonate rock more truly, and can provide powerful guidance and support for on-site acidification, acid fracturing construction parameter optimization and process optimization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a curve showing the variation of inlet end pressure and flow rate with displacement time in an acid displacement process;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the variation of load versus indenter displacement in a static indentation hardness test;
FIG. 3 is a curve showing the surface hardness and Young's modulus of compact carbonate rock along with the concentration of gelled acid solution;
FIG. 4 is a bar graph of the surface hardness and Young's modulus decrease of dense carbonate rock as a function of the concentration of gelled acid solution.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings.
The invention discloses a method for determining the influence of acid liquor on mechanical properties of carbonate rocks by utilizing surface embedding, which is mainly characterized in that two groups of compact carbonate rocks with basically consistent density, porosity, permeability and sound wave speed are made into standard cylindrical rock samples and divided into an acid treatment group and an original state group; placing the rock sample of the acid treatment group into a rock core displacement device, carrying out an acid liquid displacement experiment to obtain a rock sample of the acid damage group, and recording the change of flow and pressure along with displacement time in the displacement process; respectively carrying out surface embedding experiments on the rock samples of the acid damage group and the original state group by using a flat-bottomed cylindrical pressure head, and recording experiment process parameters; calculating the mechanical property of the rock sample according to the parameters of the experimental process and the parameters of the flat-bottomed cylindrical pressure head; and comparing the mechanical properties of the acid damage rock composition sample and the original state rock composition sample, and determining the influence of the acid liquid on the mechanical properties of the compact carbonate rock.
Example 1
The method takes an Ordos basin as a research work area to determine the influence of acid liquor on the mechanical properties of carbonate rocks, and comprises the following specific steps:
(1) collecting compact carbonate rock underground rock cores of an Ordos basin, manufacturing standard cylindrical rock samples with the diameter of 25mm and the length of 50mm, and polishing the end surfaces of the two rock samples to be flat, so that the non-parallelism of the two end surfaces is less than 0.05 mm;
(2) testing the rock sample density, porosity, permeability, longitudinal wave velocity and transverse wave velocity, wherein the test results are shown in table 1;
TABLE 1 basic Properties test results for tight carbonate rock samples
(3) The density, porosity, permeability, longitudinal wave velocity and transverse wave velocity of 8 rock samples are basically consistent, so that the rock samples No. 1, 2, 3 and 4 are used as original state groups, and the rock samples No. 5, 6, 7 and 8 are used as acid treatment groups;
(4) placing an acid treatment rock sample in the middle of a rock core holder, placing a gelled acid system commonly used for research work area construction in an intermediate container, and testing the influence of gelled acid on the mechanical properties of the compact carbonate rock under different acid solution concentrations by adopting gelled acid with acid solution concentrations of 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt% and 20 wt% for rock samples No. 5, 6, 7 and 8;
(5) connecting a displacement pipeline, connecting a water storage tank with an inlet end of a constant flow pump, connecting an outlet end of the constant flow pump with an inlet end of an intermediate container, connecting an outlet end of the intermediate container with an inlet end of a core holder, and connecting an outlet end of the core holder with a back-pressure pump and a waste liquid recovery tank;
(6) the inlet pressure gauge is connected with the inlet end of the core holder, and the outlet pressure gauge is connected with the outlet end of the core holder;
(7) loading back pressure to 7MPa by adopting a back pressure pump;
(8) the minimum horizontal main stress in a reservoir of a research work area is 46MPa, the formation pressure is 35MPa, and the difference value is 11MPa, so that the experimental confining pressure is set to be 18MPa, and a confining pressure pump is adopted to load the experimental confining pressure to 18 MPa;
(9) the reservoir temperature of a research work area is 90 ℃, and the core holder is heated to 90 ℃ by a heating sleeve;
(10) starting an advection pump, starting acid liquor displacement, setting the site construction time to be 2 hours generally, setting the experiment time to be 2 hours, and changing an acid treatment group into an acid damage group after the acid liquor displacement is finished;
(11) recording the displacement time, the flow rate of a horizontal flow pump, the pressure at an inlet end and the pressure at an outlet end in the acid fluid displacement experiment process by adopting a computer acquisition system;
(12) pressing a flat-bottomed cylindrical pressure head with the diameter of 3mm into the end face of the inlet end of the rock sample of the acid damage group by adopting a static pressing hardness entering method, and recording the load, the pressure head displacement and the loading time;
(13) pressing a flat-bottomed cylindrical pressure head with the diameter of 3mm into the end face of the rock sample in the original state by adopting a static pressing hardness entering method, and recording the load, the pressure head displacement and the loading time;
(14) the static press-in hardness is calculated by the following formulas (1) and (2):
according to the stress and the strain increment of the linear increasing stage of the load along with the displacement of the pressure head, the Young modulus is calculated by adopting the formulas (3), (4) and (5):
in the formula: a is the bottom area of the pressure head in mm2(ii) a D is the diameter of the pressure head, and the unit is mm; fmaxThe load when complete crushing of the rock occurs is given in N; h is the rock static pressing hardness, and the unit is MPa; f is static pressureThe load in the process is in the unit of N; σ is stress, in MPa; d is the displacement of the pressure head in the static pressing process, and the unit is mm; l is the length of the rock sample in mm; is strain, which is expressed in decimal fraction; delta sigma is the stress increment of the linear increasing stage of the load along with the displacement of the pressure head, and the unit of the delta sigma is MPa; delta is the strain increment of the linear increasing stage of the load along with the displacement of the pressure head, and the unit of delta is decimal; e is Young's modulus in MPa;
(15) comparing the mechanical properties of the acid damage rock composition sample and the original state rock composition sample, and determining the influence of the acid liquid on the mechanical properties of the compact carbonate rock;
surface hardness of rock samples of original state groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 is 394.6MPa, 396.3MPa, 407.4MPa and 412.3MPa in sequence, average value is 402.7MPa, Young modulus is 49043.9MPa, 49327.8MPa, 47953.6MPa and 50384.1MPa in sequence, and average value is 49177.4 MPa; the surface hardness of rock samples of 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the acid damage groups is 365.6MPa, 348.3MPa, 333.8MPa and 305.3MPa in sequence, and the Young modulus is 46272.8MPa, 44745.5MPa, 42731.5MPa and 38461.5MPa in sequence.
Compared with the original state group, the surface hardness of the rock sample end face is reduced by 9.2%, 13.5%, 17.1% and 24.2% in sequence and the Young modulus is reduced by 5.9%, 9.0%, 13.1% and 21.8% in sequence after the compact carbonate rock end face is reacted with the gelled acid with the acid solution concentration of 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt% and 20 wt% respectively for 2 hours.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The method for determining the influence of acid liquid on the mechanical properties of carbonate rock by utilizing surface embedding is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s10, collecting compact carbonate rocks in a research work area, and making two groups of standard cylindrical rock samples, wherein one group is an acid treatment group, and the other group is an original state group;
s20, carrying out an acid liquor displacement experiment on the acid-treated rock sample to obtain an acid-damaged rock sample, and recording the changes of flow and pressure along with displacement time in the displacement process;
s30, respectively carrying out surface embedding experiments on the rock samples of the acid damage group and the original state group by using a flat-bottomed cylindrical pressure head, and recording experiment process parameters;
s40, respectively calculating the mechanical properties of the rock samples of the acid damage group and the original state group according to the parameters of the experimental process and the parameters of the flat-bottomed cylindrical pressure head;
s50, comparing the mechanical properties of the rock sample of the acid damage group and the rock sample of the original state group obtained by calculation in the step S40, and determining the influence of the acid liquid on the mechanical properties of the compact carbonate rock.
2. The method for determining the impact of acid on mechanical properties of carbonate rock by surface embedding as claimed in claim 1, wherein the standard cylindrical rock sample has a diameter of 25mm and a length of 50mm, and the non-parallelism of its two end faces is less than 0.05 mm.
3. The method for determining the impact of acid on mechanical properties of carbonate rock by surface embedding as claimed in claim 1, wherein the density, porosity, permeability and speed of sound wave passing through the rock sample of the acid treatment group and the original state group are substantially the same in step S10.
4. The method for determining the effect of acid on mechanical properties of carbonate rock using surface embedding as claimed in claim 3, wherein said velocities include compressional and shear wave velocities.
5. The method for determining the influence of acid liquor on mechanical properties of carbonate rock by surface embedding according to claim 1, wherein the experimental confining pressure in the acid liquor displacement experiment in the step S20 is the sum of the minimum level main stress in the reservoir of the research work area, the difference between the formation pressures and the back pressure; the experimental temperature is the reservoir temperature of the research work area.
6. The method for determining the influence of acid liquor on mechanical properties of carbonate rock by utilizing surface embedding as claimed in claim 1, wherein the surface embedding experiment in the step S30 adopts a static pressing hardness method; when the acid damage rock sample is used for carrying out the experiment, the end face of the rock sample inlet end in the acid liquor displacement experiment is used for carrying out the experiment.
7. The method for determining the influence of acid liquor on mechanical properties of carbonate rock by utilizing surface embedding as claimed in claim 1, wherein the experimental process parameters in the step S30 comprise load, pressure head displacement and loading time.
8. The method for determining the impact of acid on mechanical properties of carbonate rock using surface embedding as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the flat-bottomed cylindrical indenter of step S30 is 3 mm.
9. The method for determining the impact of acid on mechanical properties of carbonate rock using surface embedding of claim 1, wherein said mechanical properties of rock sample include hydrostatic indentation hardness and young's modulus;
wherein the static indentation hardness is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula: a is the bottom area of the pressure head in mm2(ii) a D is the diameter of the pressure head, and the unit is mm; fmaxThe load when complete crushing of the rock occurs is expressed in units ofN; h is the rock static pressing hardness, and the unit is MPa;
the young's modulus is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula: f is the load in the static pressing process and has the unit of N; σ is stress, in MPa; d is the displacement of the pressure head in the static pressing process, and the unit is mm; l is the length of the rock sample in mm; is strain, which is expressed in decimal fraction; delta sigma is the stress increment of the linear increasing stage of the load along with the displacement of the pressure head, and the unit of the delta sigma is MPa; delta is the strain increment of the linear increasing stage of the load along with the displacement of the pressure head, and the unit of delta is decimal; e is Young's modulus in MPa.
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