CN111878055A - Control system and control method for drilling speed of drill bit - Google Patents
Control system and control method for drilling speed of drill bit Download PDFInfo
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- CN111878055A CN111878055A CN202010655211.4A CN202010655211A CN111878055A CN 111878055 A CN111878055 A CN 111878055A CN 202010655211 A CN202010655211 A CN 202010655211A CN 111878055 A CN111878055 A CN 111878055A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
- E21B44/02—Automatic control of the tool feed
- E21B44/04—Automatic control of the tool feed in response to the torque of the drive ; Measuring drilling torque
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B45/00—Measuring the drilling time or rate of penetration
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
Abstract
The application discloses control system and control method of drilling speed of a drill bit, and the control method comprises the following steps: the control method comprises the following steps: receiving ground engineering parameters of ground engineering equipment; receiving downhole information for a target well during drilling by a drill bit, the downhole information comprising: near-bit engineering parameters and environmental characteristic parameters; inputting the ground engineering parameters and the underground information into a comprehensive data processing device, and inputting the ground engineering parameters and the underground information into an optimization model by the comprehensive data processing device to obtain underground decision parameters and ground decision parameters; adjusting ground engineering equipment according to the ground decision parameters, and adjusting the ground engineering parameters to the ground decision parameters; and adjusting the drill bit according to the underground decision-making parameters, and adjusting the working parameters of the drill bit into the underground decision-making parameters. This application can make the drill bit drilling rate can obtain effective control through adjusting ground engineering parameter and drill bit working parameter simultaneously.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum drilling, in particular to a control system and a control method for the drilling speed of a drill bit.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
With the shortage of global energy, petroleum and natural gas resources become energy sources which are generally strived by various countries, and the exploration and development of oil and gas are carried out by the countries. The drilling is one of the most critical links in the oil and gas exploration and development process, and in the drilling process, ground engineering parameters influencing the drilling speed need to be effectively controlled, so that the drilling speed of a drill bit can be reasonably controlled, the operation time is effectively shortened, and the operation cost is reduced.
In the prior art, the downhole condition is usually determined according to a mud pulse signal carrying information of the near-bit condition (such as bit pressure, torque, bottom hole pressure and the like at the near-bit position). And then the ground engineering equipment is operated by depending on the experience of drillers to achieve the aim of controlling the drilling speed of the drill bit. However, the method cannot realize real-time control, so that the drilling speed of the drill bit cannot be timely regulated and controlled, and if the drilling speed is not reasonably controlled, the well wall is unstable, the track of the well hole deviates, the drilling efficiency is low, the well wall is seriously collapsed, the well is scrapped, and huge economic loss is caused.
It should be noted that the above background description is only for the sake of clarity and complete description of the technical solutions of the present invention and for the understanding of those skilled in the art. Such solutions are not considered to be known to the person skilled in the art merely because they have been set forth in the background section of the invention.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the application provides a control system and a control method for the drilling speed of a drill bit, so that the drilling speed of the drill bit can be effectively controlled.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution provided by the present application is as follows:
a control system for rate of penetration of a drill bit, the control system comprising:
ground engineering equipment;
the ground detection mechanism is used for measuring ground engineering parameters of the ground engineering equipment;
a surface equipment control mechanism for adjusting surface engineering parameters including one or more of hook overhang, mud pump pressure, turntable speed, mud displacement;
a drill bit disposed downhole of the target;
the drill bit control mechanism is used for adjusting the working parameters of the drill bit;
the underground measuring mechanism is arranged under the target well and is used for acquiring underground information, and the underground information comprises near-bit engineering parameters and environment characteristic parameters;
the underground auxiliary mechanism is arranged under the target well and is electrically connected with the underground measuring mechanism, and the underground auxiliary mechanism is used for compressing the underground information to obtain underground compressed information;
an integrated data processing apparatus comprising: the comprehensive data processing equipment can establish a first feedback loop between the ground equipment control mechanism and the ground detection mechanism according to the underground information and the ground engineering parameters; the integrated data processing device can establish a second feedback loop between the downhole measurement mechanism and the bit control mechanism through the downhole auxiliary mechanism.
As a preferred embodiment, the downhole measurement mechanism and the integrated data acquisition mechanism each comprise: and the comprehensive data acquisition mechanism and the underground measuring mechanism carry out information transmission through the mud pulse signal.
As a preferred embodiment, the integrated data processing apparatus further includes:
with synthesize data acquisition mechanism electric connection's comprehensive study module, synthesize the study module and include: the underground information decompression unit is used for decompressing the underground compressed information; the deep learning unit can input the acquired ground engineering parameters and the underground information into an optimization model and obtain underground decision parameters and ground decision parameters; the underground decision signal compression unit is used for compressing the underground decision parameters to obtain underground decision compression information;
the comprehensive decision control module can send the ground decision parameters to the ground equipment control mechanism and adjust the ground engineering parameters of the ground engineering equipment into the ground decision parameters;
and the comprehensive data management module is electrically connected with the comprehensive learning module and the comprehensive data acquisition mechanism.
As a preferred embodiment, the downhole assistance mechanism comprises:
with downhole measurement mechanism electric connection's downhole data processing module, downhole data processing module includes: the underground information cleaning unit is used for cleaning the data of the underground information; the underground information compression unit is used for compressing the underground information; the underground decision information decompression unit is used for decompressing the underground decision compressed information;
a downhole decision-making control module; the underground decision-making control module can send the underground decision-making parameters to the drill bit control mechanism and adjust drill bit working parameters of the drill bit into the underground decision-making parameters;
and the underground data management module is electrically connected with the underground data processing module.
As a preferred embodiment, the near-bit engineering parameters include: weight-on-bit, angle of well-bore, bottom hole pressure, torque, drill bit cutting angle, drill bit port size, drill bit lateral force, drill bit depth of penetration, the environmental characteristic parameter includes: resistivity, natural potential, sonic moveout, temperature, pressure, gamma, neutron, density, flow, magnetic location, PH.
A method of controlling rate of penetration of a drill bit, the method comprising:
receiving ground engineering parameters of ground engineering equipment;
receiving downhole information for a target well during drilling by a drill bit, the downhole information comprising: near-bit engineering parameters and environmental characteristic parameters;
inputting the ground engineering parameters and the underground information into a comprehensive data processing device, and inputting the ground engineering parameters and the underground information into an optimization model by the comprehensive data processing device to obtain underground decision parameters and ground decision parameters;
adjusting ground engineering equipment according to the ground decision parameters, and adjusting the ground engineering parameters to the ground decision parameters;
and adjusting the drill bit according to the underground decision-making parameters, and adjusting the working parameters of the drill bit into the underground decision-making parameters.
As a preferred embodiment, the ground engineering parameters include: one or more of hook overhang, mud pumping pressure, rotary table rotation speed and mud displacement; the near-bit engineering parameters include: weight-on-bit, angle of well-bore, bottom hole pressure, torque, drill bit cutting angle, drill bit port size, drill bit lateral force, drill bit depth of penetration, the environmental characteristic parameter includes: resistivity, natural potential, sonic moveout, temperature, pressure, gamma, neutron, density, flow, magnetic location, PH.
As a preferred embodiment, before the downhole information is input into the integrated data processing device, the downhole information is further subjected to data preprocessing, wherein the data preprocessing comprises the following steps: noise removal, missing value processing, abnormal value processing and data compression.
As a preferred embodiment, before inputting the surface engineering parameters and the downhole information into the optimization model, the method further comprises: and acquiring the underground information and the ground engineering parameters of at least one adjacent well of the target well, and training the underground information and the ground engineering parameters of the at least one adjacent well to obtain the optimizing model.
As a preferred embodiment, the algorithm adopted by the optimization model is any one or a combination of the following: support vector machines, random forests, back propagation neural networks, convolutional neural networks, cyclic neural networks.
Has the advantages that:
according to the control system and the control method for the drilling speed of the drill bit, the underground information and the ground engineering parameters are obtained through the comprehensive data processing equipment. The comprehensive data processing equipment can establish a first feedback loop between the ground equipment control mechanism and the ground detection mechanism according to the acquired underground information and the ground engineering parameters, and the ground equipment control mechanism can adjust the ground engineering parameters of the ground engineering equipment through the first feedback loop. Meanwhile, the comprehensive data processing can establish a second feedback loop between the underground measuring mechanism and the drill bit control mechanism through the underground auxiliary mechanism, and the drill bit control mechanism can adjust the working parameters of the drill bit through the second feedback loop.
The control system and the method for the drilling speed of the underground drill bit provided by the embodiment of the application can establish a first feedback loop located on the ground and a second feedback loop located underground, so that a double closed-loop control loop is formed, the working parameters of ground engineering equipment and the working parameters of the underground drill bit are automatically adjusted, and the drilling speed can be adjusted to the optimal drilling speed in real time.
Specific embodiments of the present application are disclosed in detail with reference to the following description and drawings, indicating the manner in which the principles of the application may be employed. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present application are not so limited in scope.
Features that are described and/or illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be used in the same way or in a similar way in one or more other embodiments, in combination with or instead of the features of the other embodiments.
It should be emphasized that the term "comprises/comprising" when used herein, is taken to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps or components but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps or components.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive labor.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a control system for controlling the penetration rate of a drill bit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated data processing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a downhole assistance mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of a method for controlling a drilling rate of a drill bit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Description of reference numerals:
11. a ground equipment control mechanism; 12. ground engineering equipment; 13. a ground detection mechanism; 21. a comprehensive data acquisition mechanism; 22. a comprehensive learning module; 23. a comprehensive decision control module; 24. a comprehensive data management module; 31. a downhole data processing module; 32. a downhole decision-making control module; 33. a downhole data management module; 4. a downhole measurement mechanism; 51. a drill control mechanism; 52. a drill bit.
Detailed Description
While the invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of and not restrictive on the broad invention, and that various equivalent modifications can be effected therein by those skilled in the art upon reading the disclosure.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not denote a unique embodiment.
The control system and the control method for the drilling rate of the drill bit according to the embodiment of the present application will be explained and explained with reference to fig. 1 to 4. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, like reference numerals denote like parts in the embodiments of the present application. And for the sake of brevity, detailed descriptions of the same components are omitted in different embodiments, and the descriptions of the same components may be mutually referred to and cited.
The embodiment of the application provides a control system of the drilling speed of a drill bit, which comprises surface equipment and downhole equipment, as shown in figure 1. The ground equipment may include ground engineering equipment 12, ground detection mechanisms 13, and ground equipment control mechanisms 11. The ground detection mechanism 13 is used for measuring ground engineering parameters of the ground engineering equipment 12, and the ground equipment control mechanism 11 is used for adjusting the ground engineering parameters. The ground engineering equipment 12, the ground detection mechanism 13 and the ground equipment control mechanism 11 may be integrated intelligent equipment, for example, an intelligent drilling machine, on which the ground detection mechanism 13 composed of detection units such as sensors and the like is usually configured to obtain ground engineering parameters in real time, and the ground equipment control mechanism 11 which cooperates with the ground detection mechanism 13 to control the working parameters of the drilling machine in real time.
In the present embodiment, the surface engineering equipment 12 may include a hoisting system device, a rotating system device, and a drilling fluid circulation system device. The hoisting system equipment is used for tripping a drilling tool and controlling bit pressure to feed the drilling tool, and can comprise parts such as a winch, a derrick, a hook, a steel wire rope and the like. The rotary system equipment is used for driving a downhole drilling tool, a drill bit to rotate and breaking rock (drilling), and can comprise a rotary table, a water faucet, the downhole drilling tool and the like. The drilling fluid circulating system equipment is used for conveying drilling fluid to a drill rod, a downhole drill string and a drill bit through a pump and then flushing drill cuttings at the bottom of a well, and taking the drilling fluid out of the ground from an annular space between a drilling tool and a borehole so that the drilling tool can normally drill. The drilling fluid circulation system equipment may include mud pumps, manifolds, and the like.
In this specification, the ground engineering equipment 12 is used to realize the functions of lifting and rotating the drilling tool and circulating the drilling fluid, and the adjustment of the bit pressure, the bottom hole pressure and the drill rod rotation speed can be realized by adjusting the ground engineering parameters of the ground engineering equipment 12, so as to realize the adjustment of the bit drilling speed. The surface engineering parameters comprise one or more of hook overhang, mud pump pressure, rotary table rotation speed and mud discharge capacity. Correspondingly, the ground detection mechanism 13 may include a torque sensor, a weight sensor, a rotational speed sensor, and the like. The surface equipment control mechanism 11 may include a turntable motor control mechanism, a bit feeding motor control mechanism, a mud pump motor control mechanism, and the like. The connection relation among all parts of the ground engineering equipment and the operation method belong to the prior art, and are not described in detail in the application.
In some possible embodiments, the number of ground equipment control devices 11 may be matched to the number of ground engineering devices 12, and the ground equipment control devices 11 may adjust the ground engineering parameters of the corresponding ground engineering devices 12.
The downhole apparatus comprises: a drill bit 52 disposed downhole of the target well and a bit control mechanism 51 for adjusting the operating parameters of the drill bit. The drill bit drilling speed control system also comprises a downhole measuring mechanism 4 and a downhole auxiliary mechanism which are arranged under a target well. The downhole measurement mechanism 4 is used for acquiring downhole information, and may be a PWD or MWD device. The downhole information includes near-bit engineering parameters and environmental characteristic parameters.
In particular, surface equipment control mechanism 11, bit control mechanism 51 may take the form of, for example, a microprocessor or processor and a computer readable medium storing computer readable program code (e.g., software or firmware) executable by the microprocessor or processor, Logic gates, switches, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), and Micro Controller Units (MCUs) embedded therein, capable of receiving control signals and also capable of issuing commands.
The underground auxiliary mechanism is specifically an underground CPU and is electrically connected with the drill bit control mechanism 51, and the underground auxiliary mechanism is used for receiving underground information collected by the underground measuring mechanism 4 and can compress the underground information to obtain underground compressed information, so that the condition that the underground information cannot be directly transmitted due to overlarge data volume is avoided. The downhole assistance mechanism may also send signals to the drill bit control mechanism 51 to adjust the drill bit operating parameters. The downhole measuring mechanism 4 is electrically connected with the downhole auxiliary mechanism and the drill bit control mechanism 51, so that the downhole auxiliary mechanism can establish a feedback loop between the downhole measuring mechanism 4 and the drill bit control mechanism 51.
The integrated data processing device is located on the ground and comprises: the comprehensive data acquisition mechanism 21 is used for acquiring underground compressed information and ground engineering parameters, and the comprehensive data acquisition mechanism 21 is electrically connected with the ground detection mechanism 13 and the underground measurement mechanism 4, so that the comprehensive data processing equipment can receive the ground engineering parameters and the underground information in real time. The integrated data processing device can establish a first feedback loop between the surface device control mechanism 11 and the surface detection mechanism 13 according to the downhole information and the surface engineering parameters. At the same time, the integrated data processing device can also establish a second feedback loop between the downhole measuring means 4 and the bit control means 51 via downhole auxiliary means. Thus, the control system for the drilling speed of the underground drill bit provided by the application can establish a first feedback loop located on the ground and a second feedback loop located underground, so that a double closed-loop control loop is formed.
In this specification, near-bit engineering parameters include: weight-on-bit, angle of well-bore, bottom hole pressure, torque, drill bit cutting angle, drill bit port size, drill bit lateral force, drill bit depth of penetration, the environmental characteristic parameter includes: resistivity, natural potential, sonic moveout, temperature, pressure, gamma, neutron, density, flow, magnetic location, PH.
During drilling, the rate of penetration of the drill bit is related to the rotational speed of the drill bit, the weight on bit, the mud displacement, the bottom hole pressure, the depth of penetration of the drill bit, the cutting angle of the drill bit, the size of the water hole of the drill bit, and the lateral force of the drill bit. The rotation speed of the drill bit is equal to that of the surface rotary table, while the drilling pressure is mainly influenced by the total weight of the drilling tool in the well and the hanging weight of a ground lifting device hook, and the bottom hole pressure is influenced by the pumping pressure and the hydrostatic pressure in the shaft. The torque of the drill bit is closely related to the torque of the surface well head kelly bar, and the abnormal torque of the drill bit can cause the accidents of jumping and shimmy, which easily causes the instability of the well wall and brings the risk of well drilling. The lateral force of the drill bit can cause trajectory deviation, adversely affecting drilling in a given direction. It can be seen that adjusting the ground engineering parameters alone can cause excessive wear of the drill bit, requiring frequent replacement of the drill bit. And the change of drill bit on the one hand the drill bit own price is higher, and on the other hand needs the trip and the lower drilling, consumes very much the human cost, increases the operating cost.
Due to the diversity of rock mass constructions in the well, rock and stratum conditions with different properties have different requirements on the drilling speed of the drill bit. Too high a rate of penetration may cause accidents resulting in damage to the drill bit, while too low a rate of penetration may result in very inefficient drilling. Therefore, in a specific stratum condition and rock, appropriate ground engineering parameters and drill bit working parameters are very beneficial to drilling, so that the drilling efficiency can be improved, and the abrasion of the drill bit can be reduced.
The environmental characteristic parameter may direct downhole conditions such as lithology, hardness, strike, permeability, groundwater, pore pressure, etc. of the formation. Because the hardness, the shearing strength and the like of different strata are different, if the cutting angle and the depth of penetration of the drill bit can be changed according to the condition of the strata, the abrasion and the damage of the drill bit can be effectively avoided, and the mechanical drilling speed can be improved. The cleaning degree of the underground rock debris can be improved by the pump pressure, the size of the water hole and the discharge capacity of slurry, the pressure holding effect is reduced, and repeated crushing is avoided.
In the above embodiment, the operating parameters of the drill bit 52 include: bit penetration depth, bit cutting angle, bit port size, bit lateral force. The optimal drilling speed can be obtained by adjusting the combination of the ground engineering parameters and the working parameters of the drill bit to a reasonable range, and the drilling speed of the drill bit is controlled to be within the reasonable range.
In the present specification, the downhole measuring mechanism 4 and the integrated data acquisition mechanism 21 each include: a pulse module for generating and receiving a mud pulse signal, through which the integrated data acquisition unit 21 and the downhole measurement unit 4 communicate. Therefore, the underground auxiliary mechanism can transmit the underground compressed information after the compression treatment to the underground measuring mechanism 4 and transmit the underground compressed information to the comprehensive data acquisition mechanism 21 on the ground through the pulse module, and the comprehensive data acquisition mechanism 21 can also transmit the obtained information to the underground measuring mechanism 4 through the pulse module and receive the information by the underground auxiliary mechanism.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the integrated data processing apparatus further includes: and the comprehensive learning module 22 electrically connected with the comprehensive data acquisition mechanism 21, wherein the comprehensive learning module 22 comprises: the underground information decompression unit is used for decompressing the underground compressed information; the deep learning unit can input the acquired ground engineering parameters and the underground information into an optimization model and obtain underground decision parameters and ground decision parameters; the underground decision signal compression unit is used for compressing the underground decision parameters to obtain underground decision compression information; a comprehensive decision control module 23, wherein the comprehensive decision control module 23 can send the ground decision parameter to the ground equipment control mechanism 11, and adjust the ground engineering parameter of the ground engineering equipment 12 to the ground decision parameter; and the comprehensive data management module 24 is electrically connected with the comprehensive learning module 22 and the comprehensive data acquisition mechanism 21.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the integrated data management module 24 includes: a downhole information storage unit for storing downhole information; the ground engineering parameter storage unit is used for storing ground engineering parameters; a ground decision information storage unit for storing ground decision parameters; and the downhole decision compressed information storage unit is used for storing the downhole decision compressed information. The comprehensive data management module 24 can continuously store underground information, ground engineering parameters and decision parameters, so that the deep learning unit can continuously and autonomously learn and update the optimization model according to the information stored by the comprehensive data management module 24, and the accuracy of a decision result is improved.
The underground information decompression unit can decompress the obtained underground compressed information, so that detailed underground information is obtained. And after the deep learning unit synthesizes the ground engineering parameters and the underground information, the data is input into the optimization searching model to obtain underground decision parameters and ground decision parameters. The ground equipment control mechanism 11 can receive the ground decision parameters sent by the comprehensive decision control module 23 in a wired or wireless mode, and then sends out control signals to change the working parameters of the ground engineering equipment 12. The downhole decision parameters are compressed by a downhole decision information compression unit in the comprehensive learning module 22 to obtain downhole decision compression information, and then the downhole decision compression information is sent to the comprehensive data management module 24 for storage and sent to the comprehensive data acquisition mechanism 21. The underground decision compression information is sent to the underground through a mud pulse signal sent by a pulse module of the comprehensive data acquisition mechanism 21 and is received by an underground auxiliary mechanism. After receiving the downhole decision-making compressed information transmitted by the mud pulse, the downhole auxiliary mechanism can decompress the downhole decision-making compressed information to obtain detailed downhole decision-making information, and send the downhole decision-making information to the drill bit control mechanism 51 to adjust working parameters of the drill bit 52.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the downhole assistance mechanism includes: a downhole data processing module 31 electrically connected to the downhole measurement mechanism 4, the downhole data processing module 31 comprising: the underground information cleaning unit is used for cleaning the data of the underground information; the underground information compression unit is used for compressing the underground information; the underground decision information decompression unit is used for decompressing the underground decision compressed information; a downhole decision-making control module 32 electrically connected to the downhole decision-making information decompression unit; the downhole decision-making control module 32 may send the downhole decision-making parameters to the drill bit control mechanism 51, and adjust the drill bit operating parameters of the drill bit 52 to the downhole decision-making parameters; and the downhole data management module 33 is electrically connected with the downhole data processing module 31.
After receiving the downhole information obtained by the downhole measuring mechanism 4, the downhole data processing module 31 may clean the data through the downhole information cleaning unit, thereby improving the data quality. And performing secondary processing on the cleaned data, namely compressing the underground information to obtain underground compressed information, and then transmitting the underground compressed information to the ground through mud pulse. After the downhole data processing module 31 receives the downhole decision compression information, the downhole decision compression information is processed by the downhole decision information decompression unit to obtain detailed downhole decision parameters, the downhole decision parameters are sent to the drill bit control mechanism 51 by the downhole decision control module 32, and the drill bit control mechanism 51 sends signals to control working parameters of the drill bit 52.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the downhole data management module 33 includes: a downhole information storage unit for storing downhole information; the underground compressed information storage unit is used for storing underground compressed information; and the downhole decision information storage unit is used for storing downhole decision information.
In this embodiment, the downhole assistance mechanism is capable of establishing a second feedback loop between the downhole measurement mechanism 4 and the bit control mechanism 51, which is capable of further adjusting the bit operating parameters of the drill bit 52. Through the established second feedback loop, the working parameters of the drill bit can be adjusted in real time, so that the drill bit can adjust the cutting angle, the size of a water hole of the drill bit, the lateral force of the drill bit and the penetration depth of the drill bit according to the real-time underground working condition. In addition, the adjustment of the working parameters of the drill bit 52 is adaptive to the adjustment of the ground engineering parameters, so that the accuracy of the adjustment of the drilling parameters is ensured.
The present application also provides a control method using a control system of a drilling rate of a drill bit, as shown in fig. 4, the control method including:
s10: receiving ground engineering parameters of the ground engineering equipment 12;
s20: receiving downhole information for a target well during drilling by a drill bit 52, the downhole information comprising: near-bit engineering parameters and environmental characteristic parameters;
s30: inputting the ground engineering parameters and the underground information into a comprehensive data processing device, and inputting the ground engineering parameters and the underground information into an optimization model by the comprehensive data processing device to obtain underground decision parameters and ground decision parameters;
s40: adjusting the ground engineering equipment 12 according to the ground decision parameters, and adjusting the ground engineering parameters to the ground decision parameters;
s50: the drill bit 52 is adjusted according to the downhole decision-making parameters to adjust the drill bit operating parameters to the downhole decision-making parameters.
In the steps, the real-time monitoring of the ground engineering parameters and the underground information can more accurately control the drilling process and reduce the drilling risk. In the embodiment, the underground decision-making parameters and the ground decision-making parameters can be more accurately and efficiently predicted by using the optimization model.
In this embodiment, the algorithm adopted by the optimization model is any one or a combination of several of the following algorithms: support vector machines, random forests, back propagation neural networks, convolutional neural networks, cyclic neural networks.
In this specification, in the step of receiving the downhole information and the surface engineering parameters, the integrated data processing device may receive the parameters in real time through sensors configured in the downhole and surface devices, and transmit the obtained data parameters to the integrated data management module 24. The comprehensive data processing equipment can analyze and process the acquired underground information and the ground engineering parameter signals to respectively obtain ground decision parameters and underground decision parameters, wherein the ground decision parameters are transmitted to the ground equipment control mechanism 11 through a first feedback loop and can be adjusted to the ground decision parameters; and the downhole auxiliary mechanism can generate a control signal after receiving the downhole decision-making parameter and send the control signal to the drill bit control mechanism 51 through a second feedback loop, so as to adjust the drill bit working parameter of the drill bit 52 to the downhole decision-making parameter.
Before the downhole information is input into the integrated data processing equipment, the downhole information is subjected to data preprocessing, and the data preprocessing comprises the following steps: noise removal, missing value processing, abnormal value processing and data compression.
In this embodiment, noise removal is the removal of data generated during non-drilling processes such as pump shut-in, tripping, workover, shut-in, etc. Missing value processing is used for filling part of missing data and improving the integrity of the data. Abnormal value processing is to process data abnormity (over-low or over-high) caused by abnormal sensor and over-high tripping speed, prevent excessive abnormal value generation by setting upper and lower limit threshold values, and then modify abnormal data by averaging the data of the previous and subsequent time periods. In the data volume compression processing process, data acquisition in the drilling process is mostly generated once per second, but in the drilling analysis and data transmission process, on one hand, data transmission difficulty is large, real-time analysis is difficult, on the other hand, due to the fact that time is up and data is unstable, data of each minute needs to be processed averagely, and data is transmitted once per minute and analyzed once, so that the purpose of high data college processing and analysis accuracy is achieved.
In this embodiment, the optimization model may be an algorithm selected from a machine learning algorithm and a deep learning algorithm to construct the optimization model. The machine learning algorithm may include: random forests, support vector machines, naive bayes, etc. The deep learning algorithm comprises the following steps: BP neural networks, recurrent neural networks, convolutional neural networks, long and short term memory networks, and the like.
In this embodiment, before inputting the surface engineering parameters and the downhole information into the optimization model, the method further includes: and acquiring the underground information and the ground engineering parameters of at least one adjacent well of the target well, and training the underground information and the ground engineering parameters of the at least one adjacent well to obtain the optimizing model. Of course, in other embodiments, before inputting the surface engineering parameters and the downhole information into the integrated data processing device, the method further includes: and acquiring underground information and ground engineering parameters in the historical data of the target well, and training the underground information and the ground engineering parameters in the historical data to obtain the optimizing model. The historical data and the at least one neighbor well data may be stored in the integrated data management module 24.
Further, in the step of obtaining the downhole decision-making parameters and the ground decision-making parameters, a multi-objective collaborative optimization model, such as NSGA2 and PSO multi-objective optimization algorithm, may be established according to the input ground engineering parameters and downhole information and the established optimization model, and the algorithm may be dynamically optimized according to whether the variables have time dependencies, and the solutions generated by the model may be ranked. And subsequently, selecting by an experienced drilling engineer according to a plurality of parameter matching working schemes and recommendation ranking generated by the collaborative optimization decision model, and selecting an optimal parameter matching scheme.
The control system for the drilling speed of the drill bit provided by the embodiment of the application can form a double closed-loop control loop through the first feedback loop and the second feedback loop, adjust ground engineering equipment and the drill bit in real time, and enable ground engineering parameters and drill bit working parameters to be in an optimal combination state, so that the optimal drilling speed is obtained.
The devices, modules and units illustrated in the above embodiments may be implemented by a computer chip or an entity, or implemented by an article with certain functions.
For convenience of description, the above devices are described as being divided into various modules by functions, and are described separately. Of course, the functionality of the various modules may be implemented in the same one or more software and/or hardware implementations as the present application.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concepts and features of the present application, and the purpose of the present invention is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present application and implement the present application, and not to limit the protection scope of the present application. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present application should be covered in the protection scope of the present application.
All articles and references disclosed, including patent applications and publications, are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes. The term "consisting essentially of …" describing a combination shall include the identified element, ingredient, component or step as well as other elements, ingredients, components or steps that do not materially affect the basic novel characteristics of the combination. The use of the terms "comprising" or "including" to describe combinations of elements, components, or steps herein also contemplates embodiments that consist essentially of such elements, components, or steps. By using the term "may" herein, it is intended to indicate that any of the described attributes that "may" include are optional.
A plurality of elements, components, parts or steps can be provided by a single integrated element, component, part or step. Alternatively, a single integrated element, component, part or step may be divided into separate plural elements, components, parts or steps. The disclosure of "a" or "an" to describe an element, ingredient, component or step is not intended to foreclose other elements, ingredients, components or steps.
It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. Many embodiments and many applications other than the examples provided will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading the above description. The disclosures of all articles and references, including patent applications and publications, are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes.
Claims (10)
1. A control system for controlling rate of penetration of a drill bit, the control system comprising:
ground engineering equipment;
the ground detection mechanism is used for measuring ground engineering parameters of the ground engineering equipment;
a surface equipment control mechanism for adjusting surface engineering parameters including one or more of hook overhang, mud pump pressure, turntable speed, mud displacement;
a drill bit disposed downhole of the target;
the drill bit control mechanism is used for adjusting the working parameters of the drill bit;
the underground measuring mechanism is arranged under the target well and is used for acquiring underground information, and the underground information comprises near-bit engineering parameters and environment characteristic parameters;
the underground auxiliary mechanism is arranged under the target well and is electrically connected with the underground measuring mechanism, and the underground auxiliary mechanism is used for compressing the underground information to obtain underground compressed information;
an integrated data processing apparatus comprising: the comprehensive data processing equipment can establish a first feedback loop between the ground equipment control mechanism and the ground detection mechanism according to the underground information and the ground engineering parameters; the integrated data processing device can establish a second feedback loop between the downhole measurement mechanism and the bit control mechanism through the downhole auxiliary mechanism.
2. The system for controlling the rate of penetration of a drill bit of claim 1, wherein the downhole measurement mechanism and the integrated data acquisition mechanism each comprise: and the comprehensive data acquisition mechanism and the underground measuring mechanism carry out information transmission through the mud pulse signal.
3. The system for controlling the rate of penetration of a drill bit of claim 2, wherein said integrated data processing device further comprises: with synthesize data acquisition mechanism electric connection's comprehensive study module, synthesize the study module and include: the underground information decompression unit is used for decompressing the underground compressed information; the deep learning unit can input the acquired ground engineering parameters and the underground information into an optimization model and obtain underground decision parameters and ground decision parameters; the underground decision signal compression unit is used for compressing the underground decision parameters to obtain underground decision compression information; the comprehensive decision control module can send the ground decision parameters to the ground equipment control mechanism and adjust the ground engineering parameters of the ground engineering equipment into the ground decision parameters; and the comprehensive data management module is electrically connected with the comprehensive learning module and the comprehensive data acquisition mechanism.
4. The control system for rate of penetration of a drill bit of claim 3, wherein the downhole assistance mechanism comprises:
with downhole measurement mechanism electric connection's downhole data processing module, downhole data processing module includes: the underground information cleaning unit is used for cleaning the data of the underground information; the underground information compression unit is used for compressing the underground information; the underground decision information decompression unit is used for decompressing the underground decision compressed information;
a downhole decision-making control module; the underground decision-making control module can send the underground decision-making parameters to the drill bit control mechanism and adjust drill bit working parameters of the drill bit into the underground decision-making parameters;
and the underground data management module is electrically connected with the underground data processing module.
5. The control system of rate of penetration of a drill bit of claim 1, wherein the near bit engineering parameters comprise: weight-on-bit, angle of well-bore, bottom hole pressure, torque, drill bit cutting angle, drill bit port size, drill bit lateral force, drill bit depth of penetration, the environmental characteristic parameter includes: resistivity, natural potential, sonic moveout, temperature, pressure, gamma, neutron, density, flow, magnetic location, PH.
6. A method of controlling rate of penetration of a drill bit, the method comprising:
receiving ground engineering parameters of ground engineering equipment;
receiving downhole information for a target well during drilling by a drill bit, the downhole information comprising: near-bit engineering parameters and environmental characteristic parameters;
inputting the ground engineering parameters and the underground information into a comprehensive data processing device, and inputting the ground engineering parameters and the underground information into an optimization model by the comprehensive data processing device to obtain underground decision parameters and ground decision parameters;
adjusting ground engineering equipment according to the ground decision parameters, and adjusting the ground engineering parameters to the ground decision parameters;
and adjusting the drill bit according to the underground decision-making parameters, and adjusting the working parameters of the drill bit into the underground decision-making parameters.
7. The method of controlling rate of penetration of a drill bit of claim 6, wherein the surface engineering parameters comprise: one or more of hook overhang, mud pumping pressure, rotary table rotation speed and mud displacement; the near-bit engineering parameters include: weight-on-bit, angle of well-bore, bottom hole pressure, torque, drill bit cutting angle, drill bit port size, drill bit lateral force, drill bit depth of penetration, the environmental characteristic parameter includes: resistivity, natural potential, sonic moveout, temperature, pressure, gamma, neutron, density, flow, magnetic location, PH.
8. The method of controlling rate of penetration of a drill bit of claim 6, further comprising pre-processing the downhole information prior to entering the downhole information into an integrated data processing device, the pre-processing comprising: noise removal, missing value processing, abnormal value processing and data compression.
9. The method of controlling rate of penetration of a drill bit of claim 6, further comprising, prior to inputting the surface engineering parameters and the downhole information into an optimization model: and acquiring the underground information and the ground engineering parameters of at least one adjacent well of the target well, and training the underground information and the ground engineering parameters of the at least one adjacent well to obtain the optimizing model.
10. The method for controlling the drilling rate of the drill bit according to claim 6, wherein the algorithm adopted by the optimization model is any one or a combination of the following algorithms: support vector machines, random forests, back propagation neural networks, convolutional neural networks, cyclic neural networks.
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| CN117328850A (en) * | 2023-09-22 | 2024-01-02 | 安百拓(张家口)建筑矿山设备有限公司 | Drilling machine control method, device, terminal and storage medium |
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