CN111878052A - Erosion-resistant hydraulic fracturing jet device and fracturing method - Google Patents
Erosion-resistant hydraulic fracturing jet device and fracturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111878052A CN111878052A CN202010881013.XA CN202010881013A CN111878052A CN 111878052 A CN111878052 A CN 111878052A CN 202010881013 A CN202010881013 A CN 202010881013A CN 111878052 A CN111878052 A CN 111878052A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 32
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009778 extrusion testing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
- E21B43/114—Perforators using direct fluid action on the wall to be perforated, e.g. abrasive jets
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
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Abstract
The invention discloses an erosion-prevention hydraulic fracturing jet device and a fracturing method.A jet connector is arranged at one end of a spray gun, a plurality of fracturing nozzles are uniformly arranged on the gun body of the spray gun along the circumferential direction, fracturing nozzles are arranged on the fracturing nozzles, protective nozzles are arranged on the two sides of each fracturing nozzle on the gun body of the spray gun, a flow channel communicated with each protective nozzle is arranged on the spray gun, one end of the flow channel extends to an inner cavity of the spray gun, the other end of the flow channel is communicated with an inlet of each protective nozzle, a screen is arranged at the inlet of the flow channel, a liquid film can be sprayed out of each protective nozzle, and the liquid film can resist back-splashed rock debris and fracturing liquid sprayed out of each fracturing nozzle to return. Liquid jets out from the fracturing nozzle at a high speed and carries out perforation and fracturing operation when the construction, and protection nozzle 3 can jet out the fan-shaped liquid film that has certain intensity and keep out various detritus and the impurity of back spattering to protect spray gun and coiled tubing, promote the holistic life-span of sprayer by a wide margin, prolong its operating time, reduce the fracturing cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil and gas field development, in particular to an erosion-resistant hydraulic fracturing jet device and a fracturing method.
Background
At present, the hydraulic fracturing technology is the most effective reservoir transformation means for developing unconventional reservoir oil and gas resources, wherein the coiled tubing sand blasting fracturing technology has the characteristics of simple operation, no need of mechanical packing, short operation period, few tripping times and the like, and has a good staged fracturing effect in the application of a horizontal well section in recent years. However, when the technology is used for fracturing, the rock debris splashed back under the strong injection pressure and injection speed and fracturing fluid retroreflected along the perforation hole of the casing can cause serious erosion to the injector and the continuous oil pipe, and sometimes even can pierce the continuous oil pipe, so that the service lives of the continuous oil pipe and the sand injector are greatly shortened, the cost required by fracturing is greatly increased, and the application of the technology in an oil field site is restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an erosion-resistant hydraulic fracturing jet device and a fracturing method, which can effectively inhibit the erosion action of debris and retroreflective fracturing fluid during fracturing and play a good role in protecting an ejector and a continuous oil pipe.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides an scour protection loses hydraulic fracturing injection apparatus, includes the spray gun, and the one end of spray gun is equipped with the sprayer and connects, evenly is equipped with a plurality of fracturing nozzles along circumference on the rifle body of spray gun, is equipped with the fracturing nozzle on the fracturing nozzle, is equipped with the protection nozzle in the both sides of every fracturing nozzle on the rifle body of spray gun, is equipped with the flow channel who communicates with every protection nozzle on the spray gun, and flow channel's one end extends to the inner chamber of spray gun, and flow channel's the other end and protection nozzle entry intercommunication, flow channel's entrance are equipped with the screen cloth, the protection nozzle can spout the liquid film, the liquid film can withstand the detritus that spatters back and spray and the fracturing fluid from the.
Preferably, the protection nozzles on two sides of each fracturing nozzle are respectively located on two sides of the fracturing nozzle in the length direction of the spray gun, and the spraying directions of the protection nozzles on two sides of the fracturing nozzle are respectively inclined towards two ends of the spray gun.
Preferably, the inner shape of the protective nozzle is a sector or a part of a conical curved surface.
Preferably, the inner shape of the protective nozzle is a sector or a part of conical curved surface with the apex angle of 100-120 degrees, and the included angle between the sector or the part of conical curved surface and the spraying direction of the fracturing nozzle is 30-45 degrees.
Preferably, the inlet of the flow channel connected to each guard nozzle is spaced from the inlet of the fracturing head by a distance of 150mm to 200 mm.
Preferably, the inner cavity at the other end of the lance is provided with a return channel between the inlet of the flow passage and the end of the inner cavity of the lance.
Preferably, the reflow groove is a groove, the surface of the groove is a smooth curved surface or a circular table surface, and the smooth curved surface comprises a spherical surface.
Preferably, the fracturing nozzle is in threaded connection with the lance.
Preferably, the injector fitting is provided with external threads and the end of the spray gun opposite the injector fitting is provided with a guide head.
The invention also provides a fracturing method, which is carried out by adopting the erosion-resistant hydraulic fracturing jet device, and comprises the following processes:
fracturing fluid or mixed sand fluid flows in from the injector joint, is sprayed and flows out in a high-pressure and high-speed jet mode at the fracturing nozzle to carry out perforation and fracturing operation on the casing pipe, and meanwhile, the screen screens filter out propping agents and impurities to enable the fracturing fluid to be sprayed out from the protective nozzle through the flow channel to form a fan-shaped liquid film with impact resistance, and splashed debris and the fracturing fluid which is retroreflected along the casing pipe jet orifice are resisted through the fan-shaped liquid film.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the erosion-resistant hydraulic fracturing jet device of the invention arranges the protective nozzles at the two sides of each fracturing jet head, each protective nozzle is also correspondingly provided with a flow channel communicated with the protective nozzle, and the flow channel is communicated with the inner cavity of the spray gun, therefore, the fluid in the spray gun can be sprayed out from the fracturing nozzle and simultaneously a liquid film with certain strength can be sprayed out from the protective nozzle, when the fluid sprayed from the fracturing nozzle is used for perforation and fracturing operation, the splashed rock debris and the fracturing fluid retroreflected along the casing shooting hole can collide with the liquid film with certain strength sprayed from the protective nozzle, so that the splashed rock debris and the fracturing fluid retroreflected along the casing shooting hole can be reduced, therefore, the erosion effect of the splashed rock debris and the fracturing fluid which is retroreflected along the perforation opening of the casing on the spray gun can be reduced or even completely eliminated, and the injector and the continuous oil pipe are well protected; meanwhile, when the screen is arranged at the inlet of the flow channel, the screen is used for filtering out propping agents and impurities and preventing the blocking of the protective nozzle.
Further, the protective nozzles on two sides of each fracturing nozzle are respectively positioned on two sides of the fracturing nozzle in the length direction of the spray gun, so that the whole gun body of the spray gun can be prevented from being eroded by splashed rock debris and fracturing fluid which is reflected back along the injection hole of the casing.
Furthermore, a distance of 150mm-200mm is reserved between the inlet of the flow channel connected with each protective nozzle and the inlet of the fracturing nozzle, so that the fluids sprayed by the fracturing nozzle and the protective nozzles have sufficient flow velocity and flow rate, and the construction requirements and the erosion prevention requirements are met.
Furthermore, a backflow groove is arranged between the inlet of the flow channel and the end part of the inner cavity of the spray gun at the other end (namely, the end opposite to the connector of the injector) of the spray gun, and the backflow groove can weaken the damage of the rotational flow generated inside the spray gun on the inlet section of the fracturing nozzle and the inlet of the flow channel when the mixed sand liquid flows out from the fracturing nozzle and the inlet of the flow channel.
Further, the backwash tank is a recess, the recess surface is glossy curved surface or mesa, consequently the recess has the domatic of transition from its opening to bottom, utilize domatic guide effect to flow and can avoid the direct impact effect of fluid to the spray gun body, when fluid is along the bottom of domatic motion only recess, can utilize the inside whirl that produces of spray gun to make the granule between the fluid inside collision each other, kinetic energy reduces, spin speed reduces, thereby can reduce the inside whirl that produces of spray gun when mixing sand liquid from fracturing nozzle outflow to the damage of fracturing nozzle entry section and flow channel entry.
Furthermore, the fracturing nozzle is connected with the spray gun in a threaded manner, so that the fracturing nozzle is convenient to replace, a tool string does not need to be repeatedly assembled in the construction process, only the fracturing nozzle which is seriously worn and cannot be used is required to be replaced, and the injector is directly replaced, so that the cost is reduced, and the construction time is saved.
The fracturing method can reduce or even completely eliminate the erosion effect of the splashed rock debris and the fracturing fluid retroreflected along the perforation port of the casing on the spray gun in the pressure process, greatly prolongs the service life and the working time of the ejector, reduces the period required by construction operation, and greatly reduces the cost of the technology when applied to oil fields.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall front view of the erosion resistant hydraulic fracturing jet apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view of the shield nozzle of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view of a fracturing nozzle of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an overall top view of the erosion resistant hydraulic fracturing jet apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of erosion damage of a prior art spray device;
fig. 6 is a functional schematic diagram of the erosion-preventing hydraulic fracturing jet device of the invention.
In the figure, 1-injector joint, 2-spray gun, 3-protective nozzle, 4-fracturing nozzle, 5-fracturing nozzle, 6-reflux groove, 7-guide head, 8-screen, 9-flow channel and 10-stratum.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
Referring to fig. 5 and 6, during hydraulic sand blasting and fracturing, the jet flow speed sprayed by the nozzle is extremely high, the highest speed can reach 50m/s, the destructive power is extremely high, the casing and the cement sheath are gradually penetrated under the action of the high-speed jet flow, then the rock is impacted and destroyed, and the fracturing operation can be carried out under the action of the high pressure of the liquid. However, as shown in fig. 5, when the existing jet flow performs perforation and subsequent fracturing operations on the casing, various rock debris, impurities, particles and the like formed by perforation and fracturing erode the injector and the coiled tubing at a high flow rate with the fracturing fluid which is retro-reflected along the perforation opening of the casing, so that the body of the spray gun, the nozzle and the coiled tubing are abraded and pierced, the service life of the sand blower is greatly reduced, the cost of sand blasting and fracturing of the coiled tubing is increased, and the large-scale popularization and application of the technology to the oil field is limited. The erosion-resistant hydraulic fracturing jet device designed based on the invention is designed with two nozzles: the one is fracturing nozzle 5, the other is protection nozzle 3, and liquid jets out from fracturing nozzle 5 at a high speed when the construction and carries out perforation and fracturing operation, and protection nozzle 3 can jet out the fan-shaped liquid film that has certain intensity simultaneously and keep out various detritus and the impurity of back spattering to protect spray gun and coiled tubing, promote the holistic life-span of sprayer by a wide margin, prolong its operating time, reduce the fracturing cost.
The invention adopts the following specific scheme:
referring to fig. 1 to 5, the erosion-preventing hydraulic fracturing jet apparatus of the present invention mainly comprises: the device comprises an injector connector 1, a spray gun 2, a protective nozzle, a fracturing nozzle 4, a fracturing nozzle 5, a backflow groove, a guide head 7, a screen 8 and a flow channel 9. The whole cuboid that is of spray gun 2, cross section position square, fracturing nozzle 4 is all installed at the middle part of four sides of spray gun 2, and fracturing nozzle 4 center is equipped with the fracturing nozzle 5 of back taper, and fracturing nozzle 4 and spray gun 2 are connected with the screw thread mode, can in time change when fracturing nozzle has the damage at the fracturing in-process. The protective nozzle 3 and the spray gun 2 are integrated, two symmetrical protective nozzles 3 are arranged on the upper side and the lower side (in the orientation shown in figure 4, if in the orientation shown in figure 1, the fracturing spray head 4 is left and right) of the fracturing spray head 4 on each side surface of the spray gun 2, and the inner shape of the protective nozzle 3 has an included angle a of 100°-120°The sector or partial conical curved surface of (a); the inlet of the flow channel communicated with the protective nozzle 3 is positioned on the surface of the inner cavity of the spray gun 2, the outlet of the flow channel is connected with the top point of the bottom of the sector or the conical curved surface of the protective nozzle 3, and the included angle between the conical curved surface of the sector and the axis of the spray gun 2 is 45-60 degrees. The inner cavity of the spray gun 2 is provided with a screen 8 at the inlet of a flow channel 9 communicated with the protective nozzle 3, and the screen 8 is used for filtering out the propping agent in the sand-mixed liquid and performing subsequent fracturing treatment during perforationPossible impurities in the process prevent proppant and impurities from clogging the guard nozzles. Taking the direction shown in figure 1 as an example, the inner cavity of the spray gun 2 is provided with a backflow groove 6 on the right side of the inlet of the right flow channel 9, the backflow groove 6 with the surface being a round table surface is taken as an example in the invention, as shown in figure 1, the inner shape of the backflow groove 6 is provided with a slope with a certain inclination, after being injected from the continuous oil pipe, fluid flows through the guiding action of the slope, the direct impact action of the fluid on the spray gun body can be avoided by utilizing the guiding action of the slope, when the fluid moves along the slope and only reaches the bottom of the groove, particles inside the fluid can collide with each other by utilizing the rotational flow generated inside the spray gun, the kinetic energy is reduced, the spin speed is reduced, and therefore, the damage of the rotational flow generated inside the spray gun on the inlet section of the fracturing nozzle and the inlet of the flow. Therefore, the backflow groove 6 provided in the invention can reduce the damage of the rotational flow generated in the spray gun to the inlet of the flow channel and the inlet section of the fracturing nozzle 5 when the mixed sand liquid flows out from the fracturing nozzle 3 and the fracturing nozzle 5.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the injector fitting 1 has a diameter of 110.5mm to 168.14 mm; the length of the spray gun 2 is 550mm, the cross section is square, and the side length is 200mm-240 mm; the width of the protective nozzle 3 (as shown in fig. 4, the slit width of the protective nozzle 3 at the surface of the spray gun 2, namely the width of the protective nozzle 3) is 2mm-4 mm; the diameter of the fracturing nozzle 4 is 150mm-220 mm; the diameter of the outlet of the fracturing nozzle 5 is 6mm-8mm, the depth of the backflow groove 6 is 100mm-150mm, and the length of the guide head 7 is 120mm-140 mm; the mesh number of the screen 8 is 150 meshes, and the filtering precision is 0.1 mm; the diameter of the inlet section of the flow channel 9 is 15mm-20 mm.
Referring to fig. 6, when the erosion-resistant hydraulic fracturing jet device works, fracturing fluid or sand mixture flows in from the injector joint 1, and is jetted and flows out at the fracturing nozzle 5 in a high-pressure and high-speed jet mode to perform perforation and fracturing operation on a casing pipe, and meanwhile, a screen is used for filtering out propping agents and impurities, so that the fracturing fluid is jetted out from the protective nozzles 3 which are symmetrical on two sides of a fracturing nozzle through a flow channel of the protective nozzle, a fan-shaped liquid film with certain shock resistance is formed around the spray gun, and the fan-shaped liquid film is used for resisting erosion action of splashed rock debris and fracturing fluid retroreflected along a perforation opening of the casing pipe on the spray gun.
The steps of fracturing by using the erosion-resistant hydraulic fracturing jet device of the invention comprise:
(1) the erosion-resistant hydraulic fracturing jet device is arranged on a continuous oil pipe connector in a threaded connection mode, and meanwhile, underground tools required by hydraulic fracturing, including a centralizer and a connector, are arranged, and finally, an underground tool string is assembled.
(2) And (4) putting the tool string into the shaft by using the coiled tubing, and conveying the tool string to the designed well section part under the action of the guide head.
(3) The ground hydraulic system and the high-pressure pump set are utilized to pump the sand-mixing fluid into the continuous oil pipe, the sand-mixing fluid is ejected out in a high-speed jet mode through the fracturing nozzle 5 under the high-pressure action to perforate the casing pipe, and meanwhile, the protective nozzle 3 ejects a fan-shaped liquid film with certain strength at high speed to protect the spray gun and the continuous oil pipe.
(4) And after the perforation of the fracturing nozzle 5 is finished and the cement sheath is punctured, converting the fracturing fluid into fracturing fluid, continuously pumping the fracturing fluid into the continuous oil pipe for hydraulic fracturing operation, and injecting fracturing fluid containing a propping agent after the designed fluid volume of the fracturing fluid is pumped into the continuous oil pipe to fill the fracture.
(5) And (3) closing the ground pump set after the fracturing construction of the first well section is finished, moving the underground tool string to the next designed well section by using the continuous oil pipe, and repeating the operation from the step (2) to the step (4) until the hydraulic fracturing construction of all the designed well sections is finished.
When the erosion-resistant hydraulic fracturing jet device is used for fracturing construction, the pressurization range of the ground pump set is as follows: 35MPa to 90 MPa; the discharge capacity range is 1.0m3/min-4.5m3Min; the liquid amount of the sand mixing liquid in each section of fracturing can not exceed 50m3. The pumping amount of all the liquid in the fracturing process is more than 15000m3The pump should be stopped for maintenance, the tool string is taken out of the ground by the coiled tubing, the damage conditions of the four fracturing sprayer nozzles of the spray gun are checked in time, and the fracturing sprayer with serious nozzle abrasion is replaced, so that the fracturing effect is optimal.
Example 1
Certain oil field boxThe horizontal section length 765m of 8 sections A2 well, the well depth 6500m, the designed fracturing section is 4 sections, each section is 6 clusters, the cluster spacing is 25m, the designed sand mixing liquid amount of each section is 45m33000m of fracturing fluid3The proppant is selected from 30-50 meshes of ceramsite, and the designed sand adding amount of the proppant is 500m3. The size of the novel anti-erosion hydraulic fracturing jet device selected according to the diameter of the underground oil pipe is as follows: the injector joint diameter is 121.11 mm; the length of the spray gun is 550mm, the height is 200mm, and the width is 200 mm; the width of the protective nozzle is 2 mm; the diameter of the fracturing nozzle is 150 mm; the diameter of the fracturing nozzle is 6 mm; the depth of the reflux groove is 120 mm; the length of the guide head is 120 mm; the diameter of the inlet section of the flow channel of the protective nozzle is 15 mm; the included angle a of the inner shape of the protective nozzle is 110°The included angle between the conical curved surface and the horizontal section of the flow channel is 45°。
The specific construction process comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a fracturing truck on a construction site, preparing fracturing fluid and sand mixing fluid, assembling a pipeline and an underground tool string on the site, and then carrying out circulating pressure test and extrusion test.
(2) And (3) displaying that the tool and the pipeline are normal through circulating pressure testing and trial extrusion, and starting the coiled tubing operation vehicle to lower the tool string into the designed first fracturing section by utilizing the coiled tubing without pressure leakage.
(3) Starting the fracturing truck one by one at 1.5m3The displacement per minute and the pumping pressure of 50MPa are used for pumping the mixed sand liquid into the continuous oil pipe for perforation construction, and 3m is used for starting to pump the mixed sand liquid after the pumping of the mixed sand liquid is finished3And (4) pumping the fracturing fluid into the continuous oil pipe for hydraulic fracturing construction at the delivery capacity of/min and the pumping pressure of 40 Mpa.
(4) The fracturing fluid is pumped into the fracturing fluid, and the continuous oil pipe is used for pumping the sand adding fluid containing the proppant by 2m3And (4) pumping the slurry into the stratum at a displacement of/min and a pumping pressure of 20Mpa to fill the cracks, closing all valves after sand adding construction is finished, and waiting for the cracks to be closed.
(5) And (4) after the first-stage fracturing construction is finished, closing the fracturing truck, starting the coiled tubing operation truck, and dragging the underground tool string to the next well section for construction, wherein the specific construction process is consistent with the steps (3) and (4).
The abnormal pressure phenomenon does not appear in the whole horizontal fracturing construction process, the underground tool string taken out after the construction is finished is basically complete, the abrasion degree of the fracturing spray head is not high, the underground tool string can still be used in subsequent fracturing construction, and then the daily output is improved by about 30 times through open flow oil extraction display.
Example 2
The horizontal section length of an A32 well in the river reach of an oil field is prolonged by 900m, the well depth is 4500m, the designed fracturing section is 6 sections, each section is provided with 4 clusters, the cluster spacing is 20m, and the designed sand mixing liquid amount of each section is 35m35000m of fracturing fluid3The proppant is selected from 50-100 meshes of ceramsite, and the designed sand adding amount of the proppant is 1000m3. The size of the novel anti-erosion hydraulic fracturing jet device selected according to the diameter of the underground oil pipe is as follows: the injector joint diameter is 168.14 mm; the length of the spray gun is 550mm, the height is 240mm, and the width is 240 mm; the width of the protective nozzle is 3 mm; the diameter of the fracturing nozzle is 200 mm; the diameter of the fracturing nozzle is 8 mm; the depth of the reflux groove is 150 mm; the length of the guide head is 130 mm; the diameter of the inlet section of the flow channel of the protective nozzle is 20 mm; the included angle a of the inner shape of the protective nozzle is 120°The included angle between the conical curved surface and the horizontal section of the flow channel is 55°。
The specific construction process comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a fracturing truck on a construction site, preparing fracturing fluid and sand mixing fluid, assembling a pipeline and an underground tool string on the site, and then carrying out circulating pressure test and extrusion test.
(2) And (3) displaying that the tool and the pipeline are normal through circulating pressure testing and trial extrusion, and starting the coiled tubing operation vehicle to lower the tool string into the designed first fracturing section by utilizing the coiled tubing without pressure leakage.
(3) Starting the fracturing truck one by one at 2.0m3The displacement per minute and the pumping pressure of 40MPa are used for pumping the mixed sand liquid into the continuous oil pipe for perforation construction, and after the mixed sand liquid is pumped, the mixed sand liquid starts to be pumped by 4.5m3And (3) pumping the fracturing fluid into a continuous oil pipe for hydraulic fracturing construction at the delivery capacity of/min and the pumping pressure of 38 Mpa.
(4) The fracturing fluid is pumped into the fracturing fluid, and the continuous oil pipe is used for pumping the sand adding fluid containing the proppant by 2m3The displacement is per minute, the pumping pressure of 20Mpa is pumped into the stratum, the cracks are filled, the sand adding construction is finished, all valves are closed to wait for the cracks to be closed。
(5) And (4) after the first-stage fracturing construction is finished, closing the fracturing truck, starting the coiled tubing operation truck, and dragging the underground tool string to the next well section for construction, wherein the specific construction process is consistent with the steps (3) and (4).
(6) And (3) after the third stage of fracturing construction is finished, closing the fracturing truck, starting the continuous oil pipe operation truck, taking the underground tool string out of the ground by using the continuous oil pipe for maintenance, replacing two fracturing nozzles with serious abrasion, then sending the tool string to the fourth stage of designed fracturing section, and repeating the steps (3) to (4) to continue fracturing construction.
The abnormal pressure phenomenon does not appear in the whole horizontal segment fracturing work progress, the downhole tool string that takes out after the construction is finished keeps complete, the wearing and tearing of fracturing nozzle are more serious, it is great mainly that this stratum fracturing time mixes sand liquid and fracturing liquid volume, and the reason that the quartz content of reservoir rock is high, whole sprayer still can follow-up fracturing construction use after changing the fracturing nozzle, and open flow oil recovery shows that daily output promotes nearly 70 times afterwards.
Claims (10)
1. An erosion-prevention hydraulic fracturing jet device is characterized by comprising a spray gun (2), one end of the spray gun (2) is provided with a jet connector (1), a plurality of fracturing nozzles (4) are uniformly arranged on the gun body of the spray gun (2) along the circumferential direction, fracturing nozzles (5) are arranged on the fracturing nozzles (4), protective nozzles (3) are arranged on two sides of each fracturing nozzle (4) on the gun body of the spray gun (2), a flow channel (9) communicated with each protective nozzle (3) is arranged on the spray gun (2), one end of each flow channel (9) extends to an inner cavity of the spray gun (2), the other end of each flow channel (9) is communicated with an inlet of each protective nozzle (3), a screen (8) is arranged at an inlet of each flow channel (9), the protective nozzle (3) can spray a liquid film, and the liquid film can resist back-splashed rock debris and fracturing fluid sprayed out from the fracturing nozzle (5) and retroreflected.
2. An erosion-preventing hydraulic fracturing jet device according to claim 1, wherein the protective nozzles (3) on both sides of each fracturing jet head (4) are respectively positioned on both sides of the fracturing jet head (4) in the length direction of the spray gun (2), and the jet directions of the protective nozzles (3) on both sides of the fracturing jet head (4) are respectively inclined towards both ends of the spray gun (2).
3. An erosion-prevention hydraulic fracturing jet device according to claim 1, wherein the protective nozzle (3) is internally shaped as a sector or a part of a conical curve.
4. An erosion-prevention hydraulic fracturing jet device according to claim 3, wherein the inner shape of the protective nozzle (3) is a sector or a part of conical curved surface with a vertex angle of 100-120 degrees, and the included angle between the sector or the part of conical curved surface and the jet direction of the fracturing nozzle (5) is 30-45 degrees.
5. An erosion prevention hydraulic fracturing jet device according to claim 1, wherein the inlet of the flow channel (9) connected to each guard nozzle (3) is spaced from the inlet of the fracturing jet head (4) by a distance of 150mm to 200 mm.
6. An erosion-prevention hydraulic fracturing jet device according to claim 1, wherein the cavity at the other end of the lance (2) is provided with a backflow groove (6) between the inlet of the flow channel (9) and the end of the cavity of the lance (2).
7. An erosion-prevention hydraulic fracturing jet device according to claim 1, wherein the backflow groove (6) is a groove, the surface of the groove is a smooth curved surface or a round table surface, and the smooth curved surface comprises a spherical surface.
8. An erosion prevention hydraulic fracturing jet apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the fracturing jet head (4) is threadedly connected to the lance (2).
9. An erosion prevention hydraulic fracturing jet device according to claim 1, wherein the injector fitting (1) is provided with external threads and the lance (2) is provided with a guide head (7) at the end opposite the injector fitting (1).
10. A fracturing method, characterized in that it is carried out using an erosion-resistant hydraulic fracturing jet apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following processes:
the fracturing fluid or the mixed sand fluid flows in from the injector joint (1), is sprayed and flows out in a high-pressure and high-speed jet mode at the fracturing nozzle (5), perforation and fracturing operations are carried out on the casing pipe, meanwhile, the screen (8) filters out the propping agents and impurities, so that the fracturing fluid is sprayed out from the protective nozzle (3) through the flow channel (9), a fan-shaped liquid film with shock resistance is formed, and the fan-shaped liquid film is used for resisting back-splashed rock debris and the fracturing fluid which is back-reflected along the casing pipe injection hole.
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| CN202010881013.XA CN111878052A (en) | 2020-08-27 | 2020-08-27 | Erosion-resistant hydraulic fracturing jet device and fracturing method |
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| CN202010881013.XA CN111878052A (en) | 2020-08-27 | 2020-08-27 | Erosion-resistant hydraulic fracturing jet device and fracturing method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114112304A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-01 | 西南石油大学 | Experimental device and method for simulating perforation flow erosion of hydraulic fracturing casing |
| CN114876436A (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-08-09 | 马兴芹 | Anti-blocking type sand blower for jet hole |
-
2020
- 2020-08-27 CN CN202010881013.XA patent/CN111878052A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114112304A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-01 | 西南石油大学 | Experimental device and method for simulating perforation flow erosion of hydraulic fracturing casing |
| CN114112304B (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2024-03-12 | 西南石油大学 | Experimental device and method for simulating perforation flow erosion of hydraulic fracturing sleeve |
| CN114876436A (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-08-09 | 马兴芹 | Anti-blocking type sand blower for jet hole |
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