CN111875639A - 一种二烷基二硫代有机钼及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种二烷基二硫代有机钼及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F11/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 6 or 16 of the Periodic Table
- C07F11/005—Compounds containing elements of Groups 6 or 16 of the Periodic Table compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M139/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M127/00 - C10M137/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
- C10M2227/066—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts derived from Mo or W
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于润滑油添加剂技术领域,涉及一种二烷基二硫代有机钼及其制备方法和应用,尤其涉及一种二烷基二硫代有机钼及其制备方法和在润滑油脂中的应用。
背景技术
摩擦与磨损是引起能源损失、造成材料损耗或者破坏的主要因素之一。有机钼是一类兼具极压、抗磨、减摩及抗氧化等诸多优点的多效润滑添加剂,常用作摩擦改进剂或抗磨减摩添加剂广泛应用于发动机机油、轧制液、航空航天、武器炮弹润滑涂层等领域。这类添加剂可显著改善润滑剂的抗磨减摩性能,有效降低摩擦副表面的摩擦和磨损,而且具有良好的高温抗氧化性能,可提高发动机的机械效率,改善汽车燃油经济性。
目前最常用的含钼化合物有:二硫化钼(MoS2)、油溶性二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸硫化氧钼(MoDTC)和二烷基二硫代磷酸硫化氧钼(MoDDP)等。二烷基二硫代有机钼是一种多效添加剂,除了具有抗氧、抗腐及抗磨作用,还兼具较好的极压性。MoDTC和MoDTP含有硫、氧、氮、磷等极性原子,能在金属表面吸附,在高温高压下形成二硫化钼、硫化亚铁、氧化亚铁、磷酸铁等摩擦产物,从而形成保护膜,产生抗磨、极压的效果。由于硫元素的存在,提高了抗氧化性,同时,MoDTC分解过程是吸热过程,可以吸收因摩擦而产生的热量,起到降低油温、延缓氧化的作用。
目前二烷基二硫代有机钼润滑添加剂的制备方法,主要选择氧化钼、钼酸铵、钼酸钠、二氯合二氧化钼等无机钼源,该类钼源在有机溶剂中的溶解性差,主要以非均相反应为主,为了提高钼源的转化率,因此需要严苛的反应条件。如专利文献CN103509057A中记载了使用无机钼源与碱金属硫化物或碱金属硫氢化物反应,然后与荒胺酸反应制备二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼。
经过调研未发现以有机钼以及有机钼配(水)合物为钼源的二烷基二硫代有机钼制备方法。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种二烷基二硫代有机钼及其制备方法和应用。本发明所述二烷基二硫代有机钼可以作为润滑油脂的抗磨减摩添加剂,具有较好的油溶性和摩擦学性能,因此是一种良好的减摩抗磨剂。且该制备工艺绿色环保,反应条件温和,过程简单,产率高,具有较好的应用前景,适合推广使用。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
本发明提供了一种二烷基二硫代有机钼,所述二烷基二硫代有机钼具有以下式I或式II的结构简式:
其中,R1、R2各为C3~C50的直链或支链烷基。
优选地,所述二烷基二硫代有机钼为以下结构简式中的至少一种:
优选地,所述二烷基二硫代有机钼中,钼含量在3~30%。
本发明还提供了一种二烷基二硫代有机钼的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
将二烷基胺和/或二烷基二硫代磷酸与有机钼源、二硫化碳在0~100℃的温度下反应1~72小时,即得;
当制备式II结构的二烷基二硫代有机钼时,二硫化碳添加量为0。
优选地,当制备式I结构的二烷基二硫代有机钼时,所述二烷基胺和/或二烷基二硫代磷酸、有机钼源、二硫化碳的摩尔比为1:0.1~5.0:0.5~2.0。
优选地,当制备式II结构的二烷基二硫代有机钼时,所述二烷基胺和/或二烷基二硫代磷酸、有机钼源的摩尔比为1:0.1~5.0。
优选地,所述二烷基胺选自二辛胺、二丙胺、二戊胺、二正丁胺、二异丁胺、二异辛胺、二苄胺;所述二烷基二硫代磷酸选自丁辛基二硫代磷酸、二丁基二硫代磷酸、二异辛基二硫代磷酸、二辛基二硫代磷酸。
优选地,所述有机钼源为六价钼的乙酰丙酮配合物。
优选地,所述六价钼的乙酰丙酮配合物包括MoO2(acac)2(乙酰丙酮钼)、MoO(OH)(acac)2·4H2O(乙酰丙酮氢氧化钼)、Mo2O3(acac)4(乙酰丙酮三氧化二钼),其中acac为acetylacetonate的缩写。更优选乙酰丙酮钼。乙酰丙酮钼的优点是可溶于有机溶剂,我们的配体都是长碳链的,有很好的油溶性,无机钼源等都是不溶于有机溶剂,因此选择乙酰丙酮钼是为了使钼源更好的分散在溶剂里,这样提高反映效率和产率,可以降低反应条件,非均相的反应对反应的温度和压强要求比较高,均相反应就不需要这么苛刻的反应条件。此外,选择C4以上的有机钼其油溶性好,会导致摩擦学性能更好。
优选地,所述反应在有机溶剂下进行,所述有机溶剂选自乙醇、甲醇、丙醇、四氢呋喃、乙二醇、丙三醇、丙酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、石油醚、煤油。
优选地,所述有机溶剂的份数为0~500份。
优选地,所述制备二烷基二硫代有机钼的具体化学方程式如下:
其中,R1、R2各为C3~C50的直链或支链烷基。
本发明还提供了一种二烷基二硫代有机钼作物作为润滑油脂减摩抗磨添加剂的用途,所述润滑油中加入二烷基二硫代有机钼作物的加入量为0.01~15wt%。
优选地,所述润滑油还包括二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP);所述无硫磷有机钼配合物与ZDDP的添加比例为1:1。
现有技术相比,本发明具有如下的有益效果:
1、本发明选择乙酰丙酮钼以及其络合物为钼源,解决了无机钼源在有机溶剂的反应体系中非均相问题,进而提高了钼源的转化率以及目标产物的产率。
2、本发明制备的二烷基二硫代有机钼作为润滑油脂减摩抗磨添加剂具有较好的油溶性和摩擦学性能,能有效降低摩擦系数(COF)和减小磨斑直径(WSD)。
3、本发明制备了四种不同碳链的二烷基二硫代有机钼,制备方法绿色环保,反应条件温和,分离简单高效,钼含量高,减磨抗磨性能优异,具有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述,本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显:
图1是实施例1制得的产物M202的红外光谱分析示意图;
图2是实施例2制得的产物M204的红外光谱分析示意图;
图3是实施例3制得的产物MoDTC4的红外光谱分析示意图;
图4是实施例4制得的产物MoDTC8的红外光谱分析示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明,但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是,对本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种二烷基二硫代有机钼的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
搅拌下往10.25g的丁辛基二硫代磷酸的无水乙醇溶液中,加入4.53g乙酰丙酮钼MoO2(acac)2(丁辛基二硫代磷酸与乙酰丙酮钼的摩尔比为2:1),在室温下反应8小时。终止反应后,旋除溶剂及副产物,得到丁辛烷基二硫代磷酸钼的棕红色油状液体(M202)9.85g,产率92.18%,其中钼含量为10.86%。
上述反应方程式:
实施效果:见图1,其是实施例1产物的红外光谱分析示意图,分析结果如下:IR(cm-1):2959,2927,2874(-CH2-,-CH3);1585(P=S);1262(P-O);1019(P-S,);905(Mo=O);563(Mo-S),红外光谱图可以确定所得化合物为目标化合物。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种二烷基二硫代有机钼的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
搅拌下往10.50g的二异辛基二硫代磷酸的无水乙醇溶液中,加入4.45g乙酰丙酮钼MoO2(acac)2(二异辛基二硫代磷酸与乙酰丙酮钼的摩尔比为2:1),在60℃的条件下反应2小时。终止反应后,减压旋除溶剂后得到二异辛基二硫代磷酸钼的棕红色油状液体(M204)10.85g,产率93.86%,其中钼含量为9.78%。
上述反应方程式:
实施效果:见图2,其是实施例2产物的红外光谱分析示意图,分析结果如下:IR(cm-1):2919,2951(-CH2-,-CH3);1495(P=S);1229(P-O);1011(P-S);906(Mo=O);563(Mo-S),红外光谱图可以确定所得化合物为目标化合物。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种二烷基二硫代有机钼的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
搅拌下往2.60g的二正丁胺的无水乙醇溶液中,加入3.26g乙酰丙酮钼MoO2(acac)2,在0℃下边搅拌边滴加0.76g CS2(二正丁胺、乙酰丙酮钼和CS2的摩尔比为2:1:2),滴加完成后在室温下反应12小时。终止反应后,减压旋除溶剂后得到二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼的棕红色油状膏体(MoDTC4)5.16g,产率95.56%,其中钼含量为14.35%。
上述反应方程式:
实施效果:见图3,其是实施例3产物的红外光谱分析示意图,分析结果如下:IR(cm-1):2958,2931,2870(-CH2-,-CH3);1505(C=S);1222(C-N);1089(C-S);909,938(Mo=O);472,538(Mo-S),红外光谱图可以确定所得化合物为目标化合物。
实施例4
本实施例提供了一种二烷基二硫代有机钼的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
搅拌下往4.82g的二异辛胺的无水乙醇溶液中,加入3.26g乙酰丙酮钼MoO2(acac)2,在0℃下边搅拌边滴加0.76g CS2(二异辛胺、乙酰丙酮钼和CS2的摩尔比为2:1:2),滴加完成后在60℃下反应6小时。终止反应后,减压旋除溶剂后得到二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼的棕红色油状液体(MoDTC8)7.36g,产率95.56%,其中钼含量为9.93%。
上述反应方程式:
实施效果:见图4,其是实施例4产物的红外光谱分析示意图,分析结果如下:IR(cm-1):2968,2868,2813(-CH2-,-CH3);1505(C=S);1251(C-N);1221(C-S);918,939(Mo=O);478,512(Mo-S),红外光谱图可以确定所得化合物为目标化合物。
将各实施例制备的四种二烷基二硫代有机钼润滑油脂添加剂中的钼、硫、磷含量ICP测试结果整理至表1。
表1
效果验证试验:
摩擦性能对比测试
(1)将以上实施例1、2、3、4得到的四种二烷基二硫代有机钼作为润滑油脂减摩抗磨添加剂应用到润滑油中,并进行压抗磨性能测试如下,其测试方法如下:
按照GB3142-82标准,将基础油(油酸季戊四醇酯,PETO)、实例1、实施例2、实施例3、实施例4制得的四种二烷基二硫代有机钼分别添加在基础油中,进行最大无卡咬负荷(PB值)的测定(添加量为2.0wt%)。测试方法如下:使用厦门试验机厂产的MS-10J型四球试验机,所用钢球为二级GCr15标准钢球(AISI-52100),其直径为12.7mm,硬度为59~61HRC。在室温下进行,转速为1760rpm。测试结果见表2所示:
表2
浓度(wt%) | P<sub>B</sub>值(N) | |
基础油 | 100 | 490 |
基础油+实施例1 | 2.0 | 932 |
基础油+实施例2 | 2.0 | 883 |
基础油+实施例3 | 2.0 | 618 |
基础油+实施例4 | 2.0 | 577 |
(2)用济南试验机厂生产的MMW-1立式万能摩擦磨损试验,在392N,294N负荷下,测试在基础油中添加实施例1、实施例2、实施例3、实施例4的四种不同的二烷基二硫代有机钼的摩擦性能,实验时间为30分钟,二烷基二硫代有机钼含量为2.0wt%,转速为1450rpm的磨斑直径(WSD)。所用钢球为二级GCr15标准钢球(AISI-52100),其直径为12.7mm,硬度为59~61HRC。实验在室温下进行,其结果见表3所示:
表3
392N | 浓度(%) | 磨斑直径(mm) | 摩擦系数 |
基础油 | 100 | 0.651 | 0.1217 |
基础油+实施例1 | 2.0 | 0.316 | 0.0792 |
基础油+实施例2 | 2.0 | 0.368 | 0.0873 |
基础油+实施例3 | 2.0 | 0.476 | 0.0932 |
基础油+实施例4 | 2.0 | 0.545 | 0.1065 |
294N | 浓度(%) | 磨斑直径(mm) | 摩擦系数 |
基础油 | 100 | 0.541 | 0.1286 |
基础油+实施例1 | 2.0 | 0.312 | 0.0806 |
基础油+实施例2 | 2.0 | 0.365 | 0.0865 |
基础油+实施例3 | 2.0 | 0.438 | 0.0985 |
基础油+实施例4 | 2.0 | 0.488 | 0.1038 |
结果显示,实施例中合成的二烷基二硫代有机钼添加剂能有效降低摩擦系数(COF)和减小磨斑直径(WSD)。本专利提供的有机钼润滑油脂添加剂,工艺绿色环保,反应条件温和,分离简单高效,钼含量高,减摩抗磨性能优异,具有广阔的应用前景,适合推广使用。
本发明具体应用途径很多,以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式。应当指出,以上实施例仅用于说明本发明,而并不用于限制本发明的保护范围。对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进,这些改进也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
3.一种根据权利要求1所述的二烷基二硫代有机钼的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将二烷基胺和/或二烷基二硫代磷酸与有机钼源、二硫化碳在0~100℃的温度下反应1~72小时,即得;
当制备式II结构的二烷基二硫代有机钼时,二硫化碳添加量为0。
4.根据权利要求4所述的二烷基二硫代有机钼的制备方法,其特征在于,当制备式I结构的二烷基二硫代有机钼时,所述二烷基胺和/或二烷基二硫代磷酸、有机钼源、二硫化碳的摩尔比为1:0.1~5.0:0.5~2.0。
5.根据权利要求4所述的二烷基二硫代有机钼的制备方法,其特征在于,当制备式II结构的二烷基二硫代有机钼时,所述二烷基胺和/或二烷基二硫代磷酸、有机钼源的摩尔比为1:0.1~5.0。
6.根据权利要求3或4或5所述的二烷基二硫代有机钼的制备方法,其特征在于,所述二烷基胺选自二辛胺、二丙胺、二戊胺、二正丁胺、二异丁胺、二异辛胺、二苄胺;所述二烷基二硫代磷酸选自丁辛基二硫代磷酸、二丁基二硫代磷酸、二异辛基二硫代磷酸、二辛基二硫代磷酸。
7.根据权利要求3或4或5所述的二烷基二硫代有机钼的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机钼源为六价钼的乙酰丙酮配合物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的二烷基二硫代有机钼的制备方法,其特征在于,所述六价钼的乙酰丙酮配合物包括MoO2(acac)2、MoO(OH)(acac)2·4H2O、Mo2O3(acac)4。
9.根据权利要求3所述的二烷基二硫代有机钼的制备方法,其特征在于,所述反应在有机溶剂下进行,所述有机溶剂选自乙醇、甲醇、丙醇、四氢呋喃、乙二醇、丙三醇、丙酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、石油醚、煤油。
10.一种根据权利要求1所述的二烷基二硫代有机钼作物作为润滑油脂减摩抗磨添加剂的用途,其特征在于,所述润滑油中加入二烷基二硫代有机钼作物的加入量为0.01~15wt%。
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